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1 | =head1 NAME |
2 | ||
3 | Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions | |
4 | ||
5 | =head1 DESCRIPTION | |
6 | ||
7 | Perl on Win32 contains several functions to access Win32 APIs. Some | |
8 | are included in Perl itself (on Win32) and some are only available | |
9 | after explicitly requesting the Win32 module with: | |
10 | ||
11 | use Win32; | |
12 | ||
13 | The builtin functions are marked as [CORE] and the other ones | |
14 | as [EXT] in the following alphabetical listing. The C<Win32> module | |
15 | is not part of the Perl source distribution; it is distributed in | |
16 | the libwin32 bundle of Win32::* modules on CPAN. The module is | |
17 | already preinstalled in binary distributions like ActivePerl. | |
18 | ||
19 | =head2 Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions | |
20 | ||
21 | =over | |
22 | ||
23 | =item Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE) | |
24 | ||
25 | [EXT] Aborts a system shutdown (started by the | |
26 | InitiateSystemShutdown function) on the specified MACHINE. | |
27 | ||
28 | =item Win32::BuildNumber() | |
29 | ||
30 | [CORE] Returns the ActivePerl build number. This function is | |
31 | only available in the ActivePerl binary distribution. | |
32 | ||
33 | =item Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE) | |
34 | ||
35 | [CORE] The Win32::CopyFile() function copies an existing file to a new | |
36 | file. All file information like creation time and file attributes will | |
37 | be copied to the new file. However it will B<not> copy the security | |
38 | information. If the destination file already exists it will only be | |
39 | overwritten when the OVERWRITE parameter is true. But even this will | |
40 | not overwrite a read-only file; you have to unlink() it first | |
41 | yourself. | |
42 | ||
43 | =item Win32::DomainName() | |
44 | ||
45 | [CORE] Returns the name of the Microsoft Network domain that the | |
46 | owner of the current perl process is logged into. This function does | |
47 | B<not> work on Windows 9x. | |
48 | ||
49 | =item Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING) | |
50 | ||
51 | [EXT] Takes STRING and replaces all referenced environment variable | |
52 | names with their defined values. References to environment variables | |
53 | take the form C<%VariableName%>. Case is ignored when looking up the | |
54 | VariableName in the environment. If the variable is not found then the | |
55 | original C<%VariableName%> text is retained. Has the same effect | |
56 | as the following: | |
57 | ||
58 | $string =~ s/%([^%]*)%/$ENV{$1} || "%$1%"/eg | |
59 | ||
60 | =item Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE) | |
61 | ||
62 | [CORE] Converts the supplied Win32 error number (e.g. returned by | |
63 | Win32::GetLastError()) to a descriptive string. Analogous to the | |
64 | perror() standard-C library function. Note that C<$^E> used | |
65 | in a string context has much the same effect. | |
66 | ||
67 | C:\> perl -e "$^E = 26; print $^E;" | |
68 | The specified disk or diskette cannot be accessed | |
69 | ||
70 | =item Win32::FsType() | |
71 | ||
72 | [CORE] Returns the name of the filesystem of the currently active | |
73 | drive (like 'FAT' or 'NTFS'). In list context it returns three values: | |
74 | (FSTYPE, FLAGS, MAXCOMPLEN). FSTYPE is the filesystem type as | |
75 | before. FLAGS is a combination of values of the following table: | |
76 | ||
77 | 0x00000001 supports case-sensitive filenames | |
78 | 0x00000002 preserves the case of filenames | |
79 | 0x00000004 supports Unicode in filenames | |
80 | 0x00000008 preserves and enforces ACLs | |
81 | 0x00000010 supports file-based compression | |
82 | 0x00000020 supports disk quotas | |
83 | 0x00000040 supports sparse files | |
84 | 0x00000080 supports reparse points | |
85 | 0x00000100 supports remote storage | |
86 | 0x00008000 is a compressed volume (e.g. DoubleSpace) | |
87 | 0x00010000 supports object identifiers | |
88 | 0x00020000 supports the Encrypted File System (EFS) | |
89 | ||
90 | MAXCOMPLEN is the maximum length of a filename component (the part | |
91 | between two backslashes) on this file system. | |
92 | ||
93 | =item Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE) | |
94 | ||
95 | [EXT] Unloads a previously loaded dynamic-link library. The HANDLE is | |
96 | no longer valid after this call. See L<LoadLibrary|Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME)> | |
97 | for information on dynamically loading a library. | |
98 | ||
99 | =item Win32::GetArchName() | |
100 | ||
101 | [EXT] Use of this function is deprecated. It is equivalent with | |
102 | $ENV{PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE}. This might not work on Win9X. | |
103 | ||
104 | =item Win32::GetChipName() | |
105 | ||
106 | [EXT] Returns the processor type: 386, 486 or 586 for Intel processors, | |
107 | 21064 for the Alpha chip. | |
108 | ||
109 | =item Win32::GetCwd() | |
110 | ||
111 | [CORE] Returns the current active drive and directory. This function | |
112 | does not return a UNC path, since the functionality required for such | |
113 | a feature is not available under Windows 95. | |
114 | ||
115 | =item Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME) | |
116 | ||
117 | [CORE] GetFullPathName combines the FILENAME with the current drive | |
118 | and directory name and returns a fully qualified (aka, absolute) | |
119 | path name. In list context it returns two elements: (PATH, FILE) where | |
120 | PATH is the complete pathname component (including trailing backslash) | |
121 | and FILE is just the filename part. Note that no attempt is made to | |
122 | convert 8.3 components in the supplied FILENAME to longnames or | |
123 | vice-versa. Compare with Win32::GetShortPathName and | |
124 | Win32::GetLongPathName. | |
125 | ||
126 | This function has been added for Perl 5.6. | |
127 | ||
128 | =item Win32::GetLastError() | |
129 | ||
130 | [CORE] Returns the last error value generated by a call to a Win32 API | |
131 | function. Note that C<$^E> used in a numeric context amounts to the | |
132 | same value. | |
133 | ||
134 | =item Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME) | |
135 | ||
136 | [CORE] Returns a representation of PATHNAME composed of longname | |
137 | components (if any). The result may not necessarily be longer | |
138 | than PATHNAME. No attempt is made to convert PATHNAME to the | |
139 | absolute path. Compare with Win32::GetShortPathName and | |
140 | Win32::GetFullPathName. | |
141 | ||
142 | This function has been added for Perl 5.6. | |
143 | ||
144 | =item Win32::GetNextAvailDrive() | |
145 | ||
146 | [CORE] Returns a string in the form of "<d>:" where <d> is the first | |
147 | available drive letter. | |
148 | ||
149 | =item Win32::GetOSVersion() | |
150 | ||
151 | [CORE] Returns the array (STRING, MAJOR, MINOR, BUILD, ID), where the | |
152 | elements are, respectively: An arbitrary descriptive string, the major | |
153 | version number of the operating system, the minor version number, the | |
154 | build number, and a digit indicating the actual operating system. | |
155 | For the ID, the values are 0 for Win32s, 1 for Windows 9X and 2 for | |
156 | Windows NT/2000/XP. In scalar context it returns just the ID. | |
157 | ||
158 | Currently known values for ID MAJOR and MINOR are as follows: | |
159 | ||
160 | OS ID MAJOR MINOR | |
161 | Win32s 0 - - | |
162 | Windows 95 1 4 0 | |
163 | Windows 98 1 4 10 | |
164 | Windows Me 1 4 90 | |
165 | Windows NT 3.51 2 3 51 | |
166 | Windows NT 4 2 4 0 | |
167 | Windows 2000 2 5 0 | |
168 | Windows XP 2 5 1 | |
169 | Windows .NET Server 2 5 1 | |
170 | ||
171 | Unfortunately as of June 2002 there is no way to distinguish between | |
172 | .NET servers and XP servers without using additional modules. | |
173 | ||
174 | =item Win32::GetOSName() | |
175 | ||
176 | [EXT] In scalar context returns the name of the Win32 operating system | |
177 | being used. In list context returns a two element list of the OS name | |
178 | and whatever edition information is known about the particular build | |
179 | (for Win9x boxes) and whatever service packs have been installed. | |
180 | The latter is roughly equivalent to the first item returned by | |
181 | GetOSVersion() in list context. | |
182 | ||
183 | Currently the possible values for the OS name are | |
184 | ||
185 | Win32s Win95 Win98 WinMe Win2000 WinXP/.Net WinNT3.51 WinNT4 | |
186 | ||
187 | This routine is just a simple interface into GetOSVersion(). More | |
188 | specific or demanding situations should use that instead. Another | |
189 | option would be to use POSIX::uname(), however the latter appears to | |
190 | report only the OS family name and not the specific OS. In scalar | |
191 | context it returns just the ID. | |
192 | ||
193 | =item Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME) | |
194 | ||
195 | [CORE] Returns a representation of PATHNAME composed only of | |
196 | short (8.3) path components. The result may not necessarily be | |
197 | shorter than PATHNAME. Compare with Win32::GetFullPathName and | |
198 | Win32::GetLongPathName. | |
199 | ||
200 | =item Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE, PROCNAME) | |
201 | ||
202 | [EXT] Returns the address of a function inside a loaded library. The | |
203 | information about what you can do with this address has been lost in | |
204 | the mist of time. Use the Win32::API module instead of this deprecated | |
205 | function. | |
206 | ||
207 | =item Win32::GetTickCount() | |
208 | ||
209 | [CORE] Returns the number of milliseconds elapsed since the last | |
210 | system boot. Resolution is limited to system timer ticks (about 10ms | |
211 | on WinNT and 55ms on Win9X). | |
212 | ||
213 | =item Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown | |
214 | ||
215 | (MACHINE, MESSAGE, TIMEOUT, FORCECLOSE, REBOOT) | |
216 | ||
217 | [EXT] Shutsdown the specified MACHINE, notifying users with the | |
218 | supplied MESSAGE, within the specified TIMEOUT interval. Forces | |
219 | closing of all documents without prompting the user if FORCECLOSE is | |
220 | true, and reboots the machine if REBOOT is true. This function works | |
221 | only on WinNT. | |
222 | ||
223 | =item Win32::IsWinNT() | |
224 | ||
225 | [CORE] Returns non zero if the Win32 subsystem is Windows NT. | |
226 | ||
227 | =item Win32::IsWin95() | |
228 | ||
229 | [CORE] Returns non zero if the Win32 subsystem is Windows 95. | |
230 | ||
231 | =item Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME) | |
232 | ||
233 | [EXT] Loads a dynamic link library into memory and returns its module | |
234 | handle. This handle can be used with Win32::GetProcAddress and | |
235 | Win32::FreeLibrary. This function is deprecated. Use the Win32::API | |
236 | module instead. | |
237 | ||
238 | =item Win32::LoginName() | |
239 | ||
240 | [CORE] Returns the username of the owner of the current perl process. | |
241 | ||
242 | =item Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID, SIDTYPE) | |
243 | ||
244 | [EXT] Looks up ACCOUNT on SYSTEM and returns the domain name the SID and | |
245 | the SID type. | |
246 | ||
247 | =item Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE) | |
248 | ||
249 | [EXT] Looks up SID on SYSTEM and returns the account name, domain name, | |
250 | and the SID type. | |
251 | ||
252 | =item Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]) | |
253 | ||
254 | [EXT] Create a dialogbox containing MESSAGE. FLAGS specifies the | |
255 | required icon and buttons according to the following table: | |
256 | ||
257 | 0 = OK | |
258 | 1 = OK and Cancel | |
259 | 2 = Abort, Retry, and Ignore | |
260 | 3 = Yes, No and Cancel | |
261 | 4 = Yes and No | |
262 | 5 = Retry and Cancel | |
263 | ||
264 | MB_ICONSTOP "X" in a red circle | |
265 | MB_ICONQUESTION question mark in a bubble | |
266 | MB_ICONEXCLAMATION exclamation mark in a yellow triangle | |
267 | MB_ICONINFORMATION "i" in a bubble | |
268 | ||
269 | TITLE specifies an optional window title. The default is "Perl". | |
270 | ||
271 | The function returns the menu id of the selected push button: | |
272 | ||
273 | 0 Error | |
274 | ||
275 | 1 OK | |
276 | 2 Cancel | |
277 | 3 Abort | |
278 | 4 Retry | |
279 | 5 Ignore | |
280 | 6 Yes | |
281 | 7 No | |
282 | ||
283 | =item Win32::NodeName() | |
284 | ||
285 | [CORE] Returns the Microsoft Network node-name of the current machine. | |
286 | ||
287 | =item Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) | |
288 | ||
289 | [EXT] Loads the DLL LIBRARYNAME and calls the function DllRegisterServer. | |
290 | ||
291 | =item Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW) | |
292 | ||
293 | [CORE] Sets the I<ShowMode> of child processes started by system(). | |
294 | By default system() will create a new console window for child | |
295 | processes if Perl itself is not running from a console. Calling | |
296 | SetChildShowWindow(0) will make these new console windows invisible. | |
297 | Calling SetChildShowWindow() without arguments reverts system() to the | |
298 | default behavior. The return value of SetChildShowWindow() is the | |
299 | previous setting or C<undef>. | |
300 | ||
301 | [EXT] The following symbolic constants for SHOWWINDOW are available | |
302 | (but not exported) from the Win32 module: SW_HIDE, SW_SHOWNORMAL, | |
303 | SW_SHOWMINIMIZED, SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED and SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE. | |
304 | ||
305 | =item Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY) | |
306 | ||
307 | [CORE] Sets the current active drive and directory. This function does not | |
308 | work with UNC paths, since the functionality required to required for | |
309 | such a feature is not available under Windows 95. | |
310 | ||
311 | =item Win32::SetLastError(ERROR) | |
312 | ||
313 | [CORE] Sets the value of the last error encountered to ERROR. This is | |
314 | that value that will be returned by the Win32::GetLastError() | |
315 | function. This functions has been added for Perl 5.6. | |
316 | ||
317 | =item Win32::Sleep(TIME) | |
318 | ||
319 | [CORE] Pauses for TIME milliseconds. The timeslices are made available | |
320 | to other processes and threads. | |
321 | ||
322 | =item Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID) | |
323 | ||
324 | [CORE] Spawns a new process using the supplied COMMAND, passing in | |
325 | arguments in the string ARGS. The pid of the new process is stored in | |
326 | PID. This function is deprecated. Please use the Win32::Process module | |
327 | instead. | |
328 | ||
329 | =item Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME) | |
330 | ||
331 | [EXT] Loads the DLL LIBRARYNAME and calls the function | |
332 | DllUnregisterServer. | |
333 | ||
334 | =back | |
335 | ||
336 | =cut |