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| 55 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION003100000000000000000"></A><A NAME="includes"></A> |
| 56 | <BR> |
| 57 | 1.1 Include Files |
| 58 | </H1> |
| 59 | |
| 60 | <P> |
| 61 | All function, type and macro definitions needed to use the Python/C |
| 62 | API are included in your code by the following line: |
| 63 | |
| 64 | <P> |
| 65 | <div class="verbatim"><pre> |
| 66 | #include "Python.h" |
| 67 | </pre></div> |
| 68 | |
| 69 | <P> |
| 70 | This implies inclusion of the following standard headers: |
| 71 | <code><stdio.h></code>, <code><string.h></code>, <code><errno.h></code>, |
| 72 | <code><limits.h></code>, and <code><stdlib.h></code> (if available). |
| 73 | |
| 74 | <P> |
| 75 | <div class="warning"><b class="label">Warning:</b> |
| 76 | |
| 77 | Since Python may define some pre-processor definitions which affect |
| 78 | the standard headers on some systems, you <em>must</em> include |
| 79 | <span class="file">Python.h</span> before any standard headers are included. |
| 80 | </div> |
| 81 | |
| 82 | <P> |
| 83 | All user visible names defined by Python.h (except those defined by |
| 84 | the included standard headers) have one of the prefixes "<tt class="samp">Py</tt>" or |
| 85 | "<tt class="samp">_Py</tt>". Names beginning with "<tt class="samp">_Py</tt>" are for internal use by |
| 86 | the Python implementation and should not be used by extension writers. |
| 87 | Structure member names do not have a reserved prefix. |
| 88 | |
| 89 | <P> |
| 90 | <strong>Important:</strong> user code should never define names that begin |
| 91 | with "<tt class="samp">Py</tt>" or "<tt class="samp">_Py</tt>". This confuses the reader, and |
| 92 | jeopardizes the portability of the user code to future Python |
| 93 | versions, which may define additional names beginning with one of |
| 94 | these prefixes. |
| 95 | |
| 96 | <P> |
| 97 | The header files are typically installed with Python. On <span class="Unix">Unix</span>, these |
| 98 | are located in the directories |
| 99 | <span class="file"><a class="envvar" id='l2h-1' xml:id='l2h-1'>prefix</a>/include/python<var>version</var>/</span> and |
| 100 | <span class="file"><a class="envvar" id='l2h-2' xml:id='l2h-2'>exec_prefix</a>/include/python<var>version</var>/</span>, where |
| 101 | <a class="envvar" id='l2h-4' xml:id='l2h-4'>prefix</a> and <a class="envvar" id='l2h-5' xml:id='l2h-5'>exec_prefix</a> are defined by the |
| 102 | corresponding parameters to Python's <b class="program">configure</b> script and |
| 103 | <var>version</var> is <code>sys.version[:3]</code>. On Windows, the headers are |
| 104 | installed in <span class="file"><a class="envvar" id='l2h-3' xml:id='l2h-3'>prefix</a>/include</span>, where <a class="envvar" id='l2h-6' xml:id='l2h-6'>prefix</a> is |
| 105 | the installation directory specified to the installer. |
| 106 | |
| 107 | <P> |
| 108 | To include the headers, place both directories (if different) on your |
| 109 | compiler's search path for includes. Do <em>not</em> place the parent |
| 110 | directories on the search path and then use |
| 111 | "<tt class="samp">#include <python2.4/Python.h></tt>"; this will break on |
| 112 | multi-platform builds since the platform independent headers under |
| 113 | <a class="envvar" id='l2h-7' xml:id='l2h-7'>prefix</a> include the platform specific headers from |
| 114 | <a class="envvar" id='l2h-8' xml:id='l2h-8'>exec_prefix</a>. |
| 115 | |
| 116 | <P> |
| 117 | C++ users should note that though the API is defined entirely using |
| 118 | C, the header files do properly declare the entry points to be |
| 119 | <code>extern "C"</code>, so there is no need to do anything special to use |
| 120 | the API from C++. |
| 121 | |
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| 158 | <span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span> |
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