| 1 | '\" |
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| 9 | '\" |
| 10 | '\" The definitions below are for supplemental macros used in Tcl/Tk |
| 11 | '\" manual entries. |
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| 73 | '\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. |
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| 206 | '\" # SO - start of list of standard options |
| 207 | .de SO |
| 208 | .SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" |
| 209 | .LP |
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| 212 | .ft B |
| 213 | .. |
| 214 | '\" # SE - end of list of standard options |
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| 217 | .ft R |
| 218 | .LP |
| 219 | See the \\fBoptions\\fR manual entry for details on the standard options. |
| 220 | .. |
| 221 | '\" # OP - start of full description for a single option |
| 222 | .de OP |
| 223 | .LP |
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| 226 | Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR |
| 227 | Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR |
| 228 | Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR |
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| 230 | .IP |
| 231 | .. |
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| 243 | .de UL |
| 244 | \\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 |
| 245 | .. |
| 246 | .TH pack n 4.0 Tk "Tk Built-In Commands" |
| 247 | .BS |
| 248 | '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! |
| 249 | .SH NAME |
| 250 | pack \- Geometry manager that packs around edges of cavity |
| 251 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
| 252 | \fBpack \fIoption arg \fR?\fIarg ...\fR? |
| 253 | .BE |
| 254 | |
| 255 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
| 256 | .PP |
| 257 | The \fBpack\fR command is used to communicate with the packer, |
| 258 | a geometry manager that arranges the children of a parent by |
| 259 | packing them in order around the edges of the parent. |
| 260 | The \fBpack\fR command can have any of several forms, depending |
| 261 | on the \fIoption\fR argument: |
| 262 | .TP |
| 263 | \fBpack \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? ?\fIoptions\fR? |
| 264 | If the first argument to \fBpack\fR is a window name (any value |
| 265 | starting with ``.''), then the command is processed in the same |
| 266 | way as \fBpack configure\fR. |
| 267 | .TP |
| 268 | \fBpack configure \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? ?\fIoptions\fR? |
| 269 | The arguments consist of the names of one or more slave windows |
| 270 | followed by pairs of arguments that specify how |
| 271 | to manage the slaves. |
| 272 | See ``THE PACKER ALGORITHM'' below for details on how the options |
| 273 | are used by the packer. |
| 274 | The following options are supported: |
| 275 | .RS |
| 276 | .TP |
| 277 | \fB\-after \fIother\fR |
| 278 | \fIOther\fR must the name of another window. |
| 279 | Use its master as the master for the slaves, and insert |
| 280 | the slaves just after \fIother\fR in the packing order. |
| 281 | .TP |
| 282 | \fB\-anchor \fIanchor\fR |
| 283 | \fIAnchor\fR must be a valid anchor position such as \fBn\fR |
| 284 | or \fBsw\fR; it specifies where to position each slave in its |
| 285 | parcel. |
| 286 | Defaults to \fBcenter\fR. |
| 287 | .TP |
| 288 | \fB\-before \fIother\fR |
| 289 | \fIOther\fR must the name of another window. |
| 290 | Use its master as the master for the slaves, and insert |
| 291 | the slaves just before \fIother\fR in the packing order. |
| 292 | .TP |
| 293 | \fB\-expand \fIboolean\fR |
| 294 | Specifies whether the slaves should be expanded to consume |
| 295 | extra space in their master. |
| 296 | \fIBoolean\fR may have any proper boolean value, such as \fB1\fR |
| 297 | or \fBno\fR. |
| 298 | Defaults to 0. |
| 299 | .TP |
| 300 | \fB\-fill \fIstyle\fR |
| 301 | If a slave's parcel is larger than its requested dimensions, this |
| 302 | option may be used to stretch the slave. |
| 303 | \fIStyle\fR must have one of the following values: |
| 304 | .RS |
| 305 | .TP |
| 306 | \fBnone\fR |
| 307 | Give the slave its requested dimensions plus any internal padding |
| 308 | requested with \fB\-ipadx\fR or \fB\-ipady\fR. This is the default. |
| 309 | .TP |
| 310 | \fBx\fR |
| 311 | Stretch the slave horizontally to fill the entire width of its |
| 312 | parcel (except leave external padding as specified by \fB\-padx\fR). |
| 313 | .TP |
| 314 | \fBy\fR |
| 315 | Stretch the slave vertically to fill the entire height of its |
| 316 | parcel (except leave external padding as specified by \fB\-pady\fR). |
| 317 | .TP |
| 318 | \fBboth\fR |
| 319 | Stretch the slave both horizontally and vertically. |
| 320 | .RE |
| 321 | .TP |
| 322 | \fB\-in \fIother\fR |
| 323 | Insert the slave(s) at the end of the packing order for the master |
| 324 | window given by \fIother\fR. |
| 325 | .TP |
| 326 | \fB\-ipadx \fIamount\fR |
| 327 | \fIAmount\fR specifies how much horizontal internal padding to |
| 328 | leave on each side of the slave(s). |
| 329 | \fIAmount\fR must be a valid screen distance, such as \fB2\fR or \fB.5c\fR. |
| 330 | It defaults to 0. |
| 331 | .TP |
| 332 | \fB\-ipady \fIamount\fR |
| 333 | \fIAmount\fR specifies how much vertical internal padding to |
| 334 | leave on each side of the slave(s). |
| 335 | \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. |
| 336 | .TP |
| 337 | \fB\-padx \fIamount\fR |
| 338 | \fIAmount\fR specifies how much horizontal external padding to |
| 339 | leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR may be a list |
| 340 | of two values to specify padding for left and right separately. |
| 341 | \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. |
| 342 | .TP |
| 343 | \fB\-pady \fIamount\fR |
| 344 | \fIAmount\fR specifies how much vertical external padding to |
| 345 | leave on each side of the slave(s). \fIAmount\fR may be a list |
| 346 | of two values to specify padding for top and bottom separately. |
| 347 | \fIAmount\fR defaults to 0. |
| 348 | .TP |
| 349 | \fB\-side \fIside\fR |
| 350 | Specifies which side of the master the slave(s) will be packed against. |
| 351 | Must be \fBleft\fR, \fBright\fR, \fBtop\fR, or \fBbottom\fR. |
| 352 | Defaults to \fBtop\fR. |
| 353 | .LP |
| 354 | If no \fB\-in\fR, \fB\-after\fR or \fB\-before\fR option is specified |
| 355 | then each of the slaves will be inserted at the end of the packing list |
| 356 | for its parent unless it is already managed by the packer (in which |
| 357 | case it will be left where it is). |
| 358 | If one of these options is specified then all the slaves will be |
| 359 | inserted at the specified point. |
| 360 | If any of the slaves are already managed by the geometry manager |
| 361 | then any unspecified options for them retain their previous values rather |
| 362 | than receiving default values. |
| 363 | .RE |
| 364 | .TP |
| 365 | \fBpack forget \fIslave \fR?\fIslave ...\fR? |
| 366 | Removes each of the \fIslave\fRs from the packing order for its |
| 367 | master and unmaps their windows. |
| 368 | The slaves will no longer be managed by the packer. |
| 369 | .TP |
| 370 | \fBpack info \fIslave\fR |
| 371 | Returns a list whose elements are the current configuration state of |
| 372 | the slave given by \fIslave\fR in the same option-value form that |
| 373 | might be specified to \fBpack configure\fR. |
| 374 | The first two elements of the list are ``\fB\-in \fImaster\fR'' where |
| 375 | \fImaster\fR is the slave's master. |
| 376 | .TP |
| 377 | \fBpack propagate \fImaster\fR ?\fIboolean\fR? |
| 378 | If \fIboolean\fR has a true boolean value such as \fB1\fR or \fBon\fR |
| 379 | then propagation is enabled for \fImaster\fR, which must be a window |
| 380 | name (see ``GEOMETRY PROPAGATION'' below). |
| 381 | If \fIboolean\fR has a false boolean value then propagation is |
| 382 | disabled for \fImaster\fR. |
| 383 | In either of these cases an empty string is returned. |
| 384 | If \fIboolean\fR is omitted then the command returns \fB0\fR or |
| 385 | \fB1\fR to indicate whether propagation is currently enabled |
| 386 | for \fImaster\fR. |
| 387 | Propagation is enabled by default. |
| 388 | .TP |
| 389 | \fBpack slaves \fImaster\fR |
| 390 | Returns a list of all of the slaves in the packing order for \fImaster\fR. |
| 391 | The order of the slaves in the list is the same as their order in |
| 392 | the packing order. |
| 393 | If \fImaster\fR has no slaves then an empty string is returned. |
| 394 | .SH "THE PACKER ALGORITHM" |
| 395 | .PP |
| 396 | For each master the packer maintains an ordered list of slaves |
| 397 | called the \fIpacking list\fR. |
| 398 | The \fB\-in\fR, \fB\-after\fR, and \fB\-before\fR configuration |
| 399 | options are used to specify the master for each slave and the slave's |
| 400 | position in the packing list. |
| 401 | If none of these options is given for a slave then the slave |
| 402 | is added to the end of the packing list for its parent. |
| 403 | .PP |
| 404 | The packer arranges the slaves for a master by scanning the |
| 405 | packing list in order. |
| 406 | At the time it processes each slave, a rectangular area within |
| 407 | the master is still unallocated. |
| 408 | This area is called the \fIcavity\fR; for the first slave it |
| 409 | is the entire area of the master. |
| 410 | .PP |
| 411 | For each slave the packer carries out the following steps: |
| 412 | .IP [1] |
| 413 | The packer allocates a rectangular \fIparcel\fR for the slave |
| 414 | along the side of the cavity given by the slave's \fB\-side\fR option. |
| 415 | If the side is top or bottom then the width of the parcel is |
| 416 | the width of the cavity and its height is the requested height |
| 417 | of the slave plus the \fB\-ipady\fR and \fB\-pady\fR options. |
| 418 | For the left or right side the height of the parcel is |
| 419 | the height of the cavity and the width is the requested width |
| 420 | of the slave plus the \fB\-ipadx\fR and \fB\-padx\fR options. |
| 421 | The parcel may be enlarged further because of the \fB\-expand\fR |
| 422 | option (see ``EXPANSION'' below) |
| 423 | .IP [2] |
| 424 | The packer chooses the dimensions of the slave. |
| 425 | The width will normally be the slave's requested width plus |
| 426 | twice its \fB\-ipadx\fR option and the height will normally be |
| 427 | the slave's requested height plus twice its \fB\-ipady\fR |
| 428 | option. |
| 429 | However, if the \fB\-fill\fR option is \fBx\fR or \fBboth\fR |
| 430 | then the width of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, |
| 431 | minus twice the \fB\-padx\fR option. |
| 432 | If the \fB\-fill\fR option is \fBy\fR or \fBboth\fR |
| 433 | then the height of the slave is expanded to fill the width of the parcel, |
| 434 | minus twice the \fB\-pady\fR option. |
| 435 | .IP [3] |
| 436 | The packer positions the slave over its parcel. |
| 437 | If the slave is smaller than the parcel then the \fB\-anchor\fR |
| 438 | option determines where in the parcel the slave will be placed. |
| 439 | If \fB\-padx\fR or \fB\-pady\fR is non-zero, then the given |
| 440 | amount of external padding will always be left between the |
| 441 | slave and the edges of the parcel. |
| 442 | .PP |
| 443 | Once a given slave has been packed, the area of its parcel |
| 444 | is subtracted from the cavity, leaving a smaller rectangular |
| 445 | cavity for the next slave. |
| 446 | If a slave doesn't use all of its parcel, the unused space |
| 447 | in the parcel will not be used by subsequent slaves. |
| 448 | If the cavity should become too small to meet the needs of |
| 449 | a slave then the slave will be given whatever space is |
| 450 | left in the cavity. |
| 451 | If the cavity shrinks to zero size, then all remaining slaves |
| 452 | on the packing list will be unmapped from the screen until |
| 453 | the master window becomes large enough to hold them again. |
| 454 | .SH "EXPANSION" |
| 455 | .PP |
| 456 | If a master window is so large that there will be extra space |
| 457 | left over after all of its slaves have been packed, then the |
| 458 | extra space is distributed uniformly among all of the slaves |
| 459 | for which the \fB\-expand\fR option is set. |
| 460 | Extra horizontal space is distributed among the expandable |
| 461 | slaves whose \fB\-side\fR is \fBleft\fR or \fBright\fR, |
| 462 | and extra vertical space is distributed among the expandable |
| 463 | slaves whose \fB\-side\fR is \fBtop\fR or \fBbottom\fR. |
| 464 | .SH "GEOMETRY PROPAGATION" |
| 465 | .PP |
| 466 | The packer normally computes how large a master must be to |
| 467 | just exactly meet the needs of its slaves, and it sets the |
| 468 | requested width and height of the master to these dimensions. |
| 469 | This causes geometry information to propagate up through a |
| 470 | window hierarchy to a top-level window so that the entire |
| 471 | sub-tree sizes itself to fit the needs of the leaf windows. |
| 472 | However, the \fBpack propagate\fR command may be used to |
| 473 | turn off propagation for one or more masters. |
| 474 | If propagation is disabled then the packer will not set |
| 475 | the requested width and height of the packer. |
| 476 | This may be useful if, for example, you wish for a master |
| 477 | window to have a fixed size that you specify. |
| 478 | .SH "RESTRICTIONS ON MASTER WINDOWS" |
| 479 | .PP |
| 480 | The master for each slave must either be the slave's parent |
| 481 | (the default) or a descendant of the slave's parent. |
| 482 | This restriction is necessary to guarantee that the |
| 483 | slave can be placed over any part of its master that is |
| 484 | visible without danger of the slave being clipped by its parent. |
| 485 | .SH "PACKING ORDER" |
| 486 | .PP |
| 487 | If the master for a slave is not its parent then you must make sure |
| 488 | that the slave is higher in the stacking order than the master. |
| 489 | Otherwise the master will obscure the slave and it will appear as |
| 490 | if the slave hasn't been packed correctly. |
| 491 | The easiest way to make sure the slave is higher than the master is |
| 492 | to create the master window first: the most recently created window |
| 493 | will be highest in the stacking order. |
| 494 | Or, you can use the \fBraise\fR and \fBlower\fR commands to change |
| 495 | the stacking order of either the master or the slave. |
| 496 | .SH EXAMPLE |
| 497 | .CS |
| 498 | # Make the widgets |
| 499 | label .t \-text "This widget is at the top" \-bg red |
| 500 | label .b \-text "This widget is at the bottom" \-bg green |
| 501 | label .l \-text "Left\\nHand\\nSide" |
| 502 | label .r \-text "Right\\nHand\\nSide" |
| 503 | text .mid |
| 504 | \.mid insert end "This layout is like Java's BorderLayout" |
| 505 | # Lay them out |
| 506 | \fBpack\fR .t \-side top \-fill x |
| 507 | \fBpack\fR .b \-side bottom \-fill x |
| 508 | \fBpack\fR .l \-side left \-fill y |
| 509 | \fBpack\fR .r \-side right \-fill y |
| 510 | \fBpack\fR .mid \-expand 1 \-fill both |
| 511 | .CE |
| 512 | |
| 513 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 514 | grid(n), place(n) |
| 515 | |
| 516 | .SH KEYWORDS |
| 517 | geometry manager, location, packer, parcel, propagation, size |