.\" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.32 .\" .\" Standard preamble: .\" ======================================================================== .de Sh \" Subsection heading .br .if t .Sp .ne 5 .PP \fB\\$1\fR .PP .. .de Sp \" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) .if t .sp .5v .if n .sp .. .de Vb \" Begin verbatim text .ft CW .nf .ne \\$1 .. .de Ve \" End verbatim text .ft R .fi .. .\" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \*(-- will .\" give an unbreakable dash, \*(PI will give pi, \*(L" will give a left .\" double quote, and \*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a .\" real vertical bar. \*(C+ will give a nicer C++. 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The interfaces of any functions that are not listed here are subject to change without notice. For this reason, blindly using functions listed in proto.h is to be avoided when writing extensions. .PP Note that all Perl \s-1API\s0 global variables must be referenced with the \f(CW\*(C`PL_\*(C'\fR prefix. Some macros are provided for compatibility with the older, unadorned names, but this support may be disabled in a future release. .PP The listing is alphabetical, case insensitive. .ie n .SH """Gimme"" Values" .el .SH "``Gimme'' Values" .IX Header "Gimme Values" .IP "\s-1GIMME\s0" 8 .IX Xref "GIMME" .IX Item "GIMME" A backward-compatible version of \f(CW\*(C`GIMME_V\*(C'\fR which can only return \&\f(CW\*(C`G_SCALAR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`G_ARRAY\*(C'\fR; in a void context, it returns \f(CW\*(C`G_SCALAR\*(C'\fR. Deprecated. Use \f(CW\*(C`GIMME_V\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U32 GIMME .Ve .IP "\s-1GIMME_V\s0" 8 .IX Xref "GIMME_V" .IX Item "GIMME_V" The XSUB\-writer's equivalent to Perl's \f(CW\*(C`wantarray\*(C'\fR. Returns \f(CW\*(C`G_VOID\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`G_SCALAR\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`G_ARRAY\*(C'\fR for void, scalar or list context, respectively. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U32 GIMME_V .Ve .IP "G_ARRAY" 8 .IX Xref "G_ARRAY" .IX Item "G_ARRAY" Used to indicate list context. See \f(CW\*(C`GIMME_V\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`GIMME\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .IP "G_DISCARD" 8 .IX Xref "G_DISCARD" .IX Item "G_DISCARD" Indicates that arguments returned from a callback should be discarded. See perlcall. .IP "G_EVAL" 8 .IX Xref "G_EVAL" .IX Item "G_EVAL" Used to force a Perl \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR wrapper around a callback. See perlcall. .IP "G_NOARGS" 8 .IX Xref "G_NOARGS" .IX Item "G_NOARGS" Indicates that no arguments are being sent to a callback. See perlcall. .IP "G_SCALAR" 8 .IX Xref "G_SCALAR" .IX Item "G_SCALAR" Used to indicate scalar context. See \f(CW\*(C`GIMME_V\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`GIMME\*(C'\fR, and perlcall. .IP "G_VOID" 8 .IX Xref "G_VOID" .IX Item "G_VOID" Used to indicate void context. See \f(CW\*(C`GIMME_V\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .SH "Array Manipulation Functions" .IX Header "Array Manipulation Functions" .IP "AvFILL" 8 .IX Xref "AvFILL" .IX Item "AvFILL" Same as \f(CW\*(C`av_len()\*(C'\fR. Deprecated, use \f(CW\*(C`av_len()\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int AvFILL(AV* av) .Ve .IP "av_clear" 8 .IX Xref "av_clear" .IX Item "av_clear" Clears an array, making it empty. Does not free the memory used by the array itself. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_clear(AV* ar) .Ve .IP "av_delete" 8 .IX Xref "av_delete" .IX Item "av_delete" Deletes the element indexed by \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR from the array. Returns the deleted element. If \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR equals \f(CW\*(C`G_DISCARD\*(C'\fR, the element is freed and null is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* av_delete(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "av_exists" 8 .IX Xref "av_exists" .IX Item "av_exists" Returns true if the element indexed by \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR has been initialized. .Sp This relies on the fact that uninitialized array elements are set to \&\f(CW&PL_sv_undef\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool av_exists(AV* ar, I32 key) .Ve .IP "av_extend" 8 .IX Xref "av_extend" .IX Item "av_extend" Pre-extend an array. The \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR is the index to which the array should be extended. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_extend(AV* ar, I32 key) .Ve .IP "av_fetch" 8 .IX Xref "av_fetch" .IX Item "av_fetch" Returns the \s-1SV\s0 at the specified index in the array. The \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR is the index. If \f(CW\*(C`lval\*(C'\fR is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to a \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV** av_fetch(AV* ar, I32 key, I32 lval) .Ve .IP "av_fill" 8 .IX Xref "av_fill" .IX Item "av_fill" Ensure than an array has a given number of elements, equivalent to Perl's \f(CW\*(C`$#array = $fill;\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_fill(AV* ar, I32 fill) .Ve .IP "av_len" 8 .IX Xref "av_len" .IX Item "av_len" Returns the highest index in the array. Returns \-1 if the array is empty. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 av_len(AV* ar) .Ve .IP "av_make" 8 .IX Xref "av_make" .IX Item "av_make" Creates a new \s-1AV\s0 and populates it with a list of SVs. The SVs are copied into the array, so they may be freed after the call to av_make. The new \s-1AV\s0 will have a reference count of 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& AV* av_make(I32 size, SV** svp) .Ve .IP "av_pop" 8 .IX Xref "av_pop" .IX Item "av_pop" Pops an \s-1SV\s0 off the end of the array. Returns \f(CW&PL_sv_undef\fR if the array is empty. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* av_pop(AV* ar) .Ve .IP "av_push" 8 .IX Xref "av_push" .IX Item "av_push" Pushes an \s-1SV\s0 onto the end of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_push(AV* ar, SV* val) .Ve .IP "av_shift" 8 .IX Xref "av_shift" .IX Item "av_shift" Shifts an \s-1SV\s0 off the beginning of the array. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* av_shift(AV* ar) .Ve .IP "av_store" 8 .IX Xref "av_store" .IX Item "av_store" Stores an \s-1SV\s0 in an array. The array index is specified as \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR. The return value will be \s-1NULL\s0 if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the array (as in the case of tied arrays). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned \s-1NULL\s0. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied arrays. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV** av_store(AV* ar, I32 key, SV* val) .Ve .IP "av_undef" 8 .IX Xref "av_undef" .IX Item "av_undef" Undefines the array. Frees the memory used by the array itself. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_undef(AV* ar) .Ve .IP "av_unshift" 8 .IX Xref "av_unshift" .IX Item "av_unshift" Unshift the given number of \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR values onto the beginning of the array. The array will grow automatically to accommodate the addition. You must then use \f(CW\*(C`av_store\*(C'\fR to assign values to these new elements. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void av_unshift(AV* ar, I32 num) .Ve .IP "get_av" 8 .IX Xref "get_av" .IX Item "get_av" Returns the \s-1AV\s0 of the specified Perl array. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the variable does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& AV* get_av(const char* name, I32 create) .Ve .IP "newAV" 8 .IX Xref "newAV" .IX Item "newAV" Creates a new \s-1AV\s0. The reference count is set to 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& AV* newAV() .Ve .IP "sortsv" 8 .IX Xref "sortsv" .IX Item "sortsv" Sort an array. Here is an example: .Sp .Vb 1 \& sortsv(AvARRAY(av), av_len(av)+1, Perl_sv_cmp_locale); .Ve .Sp See lib/sort.pm for details about controlling the sorting algorithm. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sortsv(SV** array, size_t num_elts, SVCOMPARE_t cmp) .Ve .SH "Callback Functions" .IX Header "Callback Functions" .IP "call_argv" 8 .IX Xref "call_argv" .IX Item "call_argv" Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 call_argv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags, char** argv) .Ve .IP "call_method" 8 .IX Xref "call_method" .IX Item "call_method" Performs a callback to the specified Perl method. The blessed object must be on the stack. See perlcall. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 call_method(const char* methname, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "call_pv" 8 .IX Xref "call_pv" .IX Item "call_pv" Performs a callback to the specified Perl sub. See perlcall. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 call_pv(const char* sub_name, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "call_sv" 8 .IX Xref "call_sv" .IX Item "call_sv" Performs a callback to the Perl sub whose name is in the \s-1SV\s0. See perlcall. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 call_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "\s-1ENTER\s0" 8 .IX Xref "ENTER" .IX Item "ENTER" Opening bracket on a callback. See \f(CW\*(C`LEAVE\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& ENTER; .Ve .IP "eval_pv" 8 .IX Xref "eval_pv" .IX Item "eval_pv" Tells Perl to \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR the given string and return an SV* result. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* eval_pv(const char* p, I32 croak_on_error) .Ve .IP "eval_sv" 8 .IX Xref "eval_sv" .IX Item "eval_sv" Tells Perl to \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR the string in the \s-1SV\s0. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 eval_sv(SV* sv, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "\s-1FREETMPS\s0" 8 .IX Xref "FREETMPS" .IX Item "FREETMPS" Closing bracket for temporaries on a callback. See \f(CW\*(C`SAVETMPS\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& FREETMPS; .Ve .IP "\s-1LEAVE\s0" 8 .IX Xref "LEAVE" .IX Item "LEAVE" Closing bracket on a callback. See \f(CW\*(C`ENTER\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& LEAVE; .Ve .IP "\s-1SAVETMPS\s0" 8 .IX Xref "SAVETMPS" .IX Item "SAVETMPS" Opening bracket for temporaries on a callback. See \f(CW\*(C`FREETMPS\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SAVETMPS; .Ve .SH "Character classes" .IX Header "Character classes" .IP "isALNUM" 8 .IX Xref "isALNUM" .IX Item "isALNUM" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is an \s-1ASCII\s0 alphanumeric character (including underscore) or digit. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isALNUM(char ch) .Ve .IP "isALPHA" 8 .IX Xref "isALPHA" .IX Item "isALPHA" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is an \s-1ASCII\s0 alphabetic character. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isALPHA(char ch) .Ve .IP "isDIGIT" 8 .IX Xref "isDIGIT" .IX Item "isDIGIT" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is an \s-1ASCII\s0 digit. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isDIGIT(char ch) .Ve .IP "isLOWER" 8 .IX Xref "isLOWER" .IX Item "isLOWER" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is a lowercase character. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isLOWER(char ch) .Ve .IP "isSPACE" 8 .IX Xref "isSPACE" .IX Item "isSPACE" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is whitespace. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isSPACE(char ch) .Ve .IP "isUPPER" 8 .IX Xref "isUPPER" .IX Item "isUPPER" Returns a boolean indicating whether the C \f(CW\*(C`char\*(C'\fR is an uppercase character. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool isUPPER(char ch) .Ve .IP "toLOWER" 8 .IX Xref "toLOWER" .IX Item "toLOWER" Converts the specified character to lowercase. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char toLOWER(char ch) .Ve .IP "toUPPER" 8 .IX Xref "toUPPER" .IX Item "toUPPER" Converts the specified character to uppercase. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char toUPPER(char ch) .Ve .SH "Cloning an interpreter" .IX Header "Cloning an interpreter" .IP "perl_clone" 8 .IX Xref "perl_clone" .IX Item "perl_clone" Create and return a new interpreter by cloning the current one. .Sp perl_clone takes these flags as parameters: .Sp CLONEf_COPY_STACKS \- is used to, well, copy the stacks also, without it we only clone the data and zero the stacks, with it we copy the stacks and the new perl interpreter is ready to run at the exact same point as the previous one. The pseudo-fork code uses \s-1COPY_STACKS\s0 while the threads\->new doesn't. .Sp CLONEf_KEEP_PTR_TABLE perl_clone keeps a ptr_table with the pointer of the old variable as a key and the new variable as a value, this allows it to check if something has been cloned and not clone it again but rather just use the value and increase the refcount. If \s-1KEEP_PTR_TABLE\s0 is not set then perl_clone will kill the ptr_table using the function \&\f(CW\*(C`ptr_table_free(PL_ptr_table); PL_ptr_table = NULL;\*(C'\fR, reason to keep it around is if you want to dup some of your own variable who are outside the graph perl scans, example of this code is in threads.xs create .Sp CLONEf_CLONE_HOST This is a win32 thing, it is ignored on unix, it tells perls win32host code (which is c++) to clone itself, this is needed on win32 if you want to run two threads at the same time, if you just want to do some stuff in a separate perl interpreter and then throw it away and return to the original one, you don't need to do anything. .Sp .Vb 1 \& PerlInterpreter* perl_clone(PerlInterpreter* interp, UV flags) .Ve .SH "CV Manipulation Functions" .IX Header "CV Manipulation Functions" .IP "CvSTASH" 8 .IX Xref "CvSTASH" .IX Item "CvSTASH" Returns the stash of the \s-1CV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* CvSTASH(CV* cv) .Ve .IP "get_cv" 8 .IX Xref "get_cv" .IX Item "get_cv" Returns the \s-1CV\s0 of the specified Perl subroutine. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set and the Perl subroutine does not exist then it will be declared (which has the same effect as saying \f(CW\*(C`sub name;\*(C'\fR). If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the subroutine does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& CV* get_cv(const char* name, I32 create) .Ve .SH "Embedding Functions" .IX Header "Embedding Functions" .IP "cv_undef" 8 .IX Xref "cv_undef" .IX Item "cv_undef" Clear out all the active components of a \s-1CV\s0. This can happen either by an explicit \f(CW\*(C`undef &foo\*(C'\fR, or by the reference count going to zero. In the former case, we keep the CvOUTSIDE pointer, so that any anonymous children can still follow the full lexical scope chain. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void cv_undef(CV* cv) .Ve .IP "load_module" 8 .IX Xref "load_module" .IX Item "load_module" Loads the module whose name is pointed to by the string part of name. Note that the actual module name, not its filename, should be given. Eg, \*(L"Foo::Bar\*(R" instead of \*(L"Foo/Bar.pm\*(R". flags can be any of \&\s-1PERL_LOADMOD_DENY\s0, \s-1PERL_LOADMOD_NOIMPORT\s0, or \s-1PERL_LOADMOD_IMPORT_OPS\s0 (or 0 for no flags). ver, if specified, provides version semantics similar to \f(CW\*(C`use Foo::Bar VERSION\*(C'\fR. The optional trailing SV* arguments can be used to specify arguments to the module's \fIimport()\fR method, similar to \f(CW\*(C`use Foo::Bar VERSION LIST\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void load_module(U32 flags, SV* name, SV* ver, ...) .Ve .IP "nothreadhook" 8 .IX Xref "nothreadhook" .IX Item "nothreadhook" Stub that provides thread hook for perl_destruct when there are no threads. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int nothreadhook() .Ve .IP "perl_alloc" 8 .IX Xref "perl_alloc" .IX Item "perl_alloc" Allocates a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& PerlInterpreter* perl_alloc() .Ve .IP "perl_construct" 8 .IX Xref "perl_construct" .IX Item "perl_construct" Initializes a new Perl interpreter. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void perl_construct(PerlInterpreter* interp) .Ve .IP "perl_destruct" 8 .IX Xref "perl_destruct" .IX Item "perl_destruct" Shuts down a Perl interpreter. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int perl_destruct(PerlInterpreter* interp) .Ve .IP "perl_free" 8 .IX Xref "perl_free" .IX Item "perl_free" Releases a Perl interpreter. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void perl_free(PerlInterpreter* interp) .Ve .IP "perl_parse" 8 .IX Xref "perl_parse" .IX Item "perl_parse" Tells a Perl interpreter to parse a Perl script. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int perl_parse(PerlInterpreter* interp, XSINIT_t xsinit, int argc, char** argv, char** env) .Ve .IP "perl_run" 8 .IX Xref "perl_run" .IX Item "perl_run" Tells a Perl interpreter to run. See perlembed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int perl_run(PerlInterpreter* interp) .Ve .IP "require_pv" 8 .IX Xref "require_pv" .IX Item "require_pv" Tells Perl to \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fR the file named by the string argument. It is analogous to the Perl code \f(CW\*(C`eval "require '$file'"\*(C'\fR. It's even implemented that way; consider using load_module instead. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void require_pv(const char* pv) .Ve .SH "Functions in file pp_pack.c" .IX Header "Functions in file pp_pack.c" .IP "packlist" 8 .IX Xref "packlist" .IX Item "packlist" The engine implementing \fIpack()\fR Perl function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void packlist(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist) .Ve .IP "pack_cat" 8 .IX Xref "pack_cat" .IX Item "pack_cat" The engine implementing \fIpack()\fR Perl function. Note: parameters next_in_list and flags are not used. This call should not be used; use packlist instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void pack_cat(SV *cat, char *pat, char *patend, SV **beglist, SV **endlist, SV ***next_in_list, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "unpackstring" 8 .IX Xref "unpackstring" .IX Item "unpackstring" The engine implementing \fIunpack()\fR Perl function. \f(CW\*(C`unpackstring\*(C'\fR puts the extracted list items on the stack and returns the number of elements. Issue \f(CW\*(C`PUTBACK\*(C'\fR before and \f(CW\*(C`SPAGAIN\*(C'\fR after the call to this function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 unpackstring(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strend, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "unpack_str" 8 .IX Xref "unpack_str" .IX Item "unpack_str" The engine implementing \fIunpack()\fR Perl function. Note: parameters strbeg, new_s and ocnt are not used. This call should not be used, use unpackstring instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 unpack_str(char *pat, char *patend, char *s, char *strbeg, char *strend, char **new_s, I32 ocnt, U32 flags) .Ve .SH "Global Variables" .IX Header "Global Variables" .IP "PL_modglobal" 8 .IX Xref "PL_modglobal" .IX Item "PL_modglobal" \&\f(CW\*(C`PL_modglobal\*(C'\fR is a general purpose, interpreter global \s-1HV\s0 for use by extensions that need to keep information on a per-interpreter basis. In a pinch, it can also be used as a symbol table for extensions to share data among each other. It is a good idea to use keys prefixed by the package name of the extension that owns the data. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* PL_modglobal .Ve .IP "PL_na" 8 .IX Xref "PL_na" .IX Item "PL_na" A convenience variable which is typically used with \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR when one doesn't care about the length of the string. It is usually more efficient to either declare a local variable and use that instead or to use the \&\f(CW\*(C`SvPV_nolen\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN PL_na .Ve .IP "PL_sv_no" 8 .IX Xref "PL_sv_no" .IX Item "PL_sv_no" This is the \f(CW\*(C`false\*(C'\fR \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`PL_sv_yes\*(C'\fR. Always refer to this as \&\f(CW&PL_sv_no\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV PL_sv_no .Ve .IP "PL_sv_undef" 8 .IX Xref "PL_sv_undef" .IX Item "PL_sv_undef" This is the \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR \s-1SV\s0. Always refer to this as \f(CW&PL_sv_undef\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV PL_sv_undef .Ve .IP "PL_sv_yes" 8 .IX Xref "PL_sv_yes" .IX Item "PL_sv_yes" This is the \f(CW\*(C`true\*(C'\fR \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`PL_sv_no\*(C'\fR. Always refer to this as \&\f(CW&PL_sv_yes\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV PL_sv_yes .Ve .SH "GV Functions" .IX Header "GV Functions" .IP "GvSV" 8 .IX Xref "GvSV" .IX Item "GvSV" Return the \s-1SV\s0 from the \s-1GV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* GvSV(GV* gv) .Ve .IP "gv_fetchmeth" 8 .IX Xref "gv_fetchmeth" .IX Item "gv_fetchmeth" Returns the glob with the given \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR and a defined subroutine or \&\f(CW\*(C`NULL\*(C'\fR. The glob lives in the given \f(CW\*(C`stash\*(C'\fR, or in the stashes accessible via \f(CW@ISA\fR and \s-1UNIVERSAL::\s0. .Sp The argument \f(CW\*(C`level\*(C'\fR should be either 0 or \-1. If \f(CW\*(C`level==0\*(C'\fR, as a side-effect creates a glob with the given \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR in the given \f(CW\*(C`stash\*(C'\fR which in the case of success contains an alias for the subroutine, and sets up caching info for this glob. Similarly for all the searched stashes. .Sp This function grants \f(CW"SUPER"\fR token as a postfix of the stash name. The \&\s-1GV\s0 returned from \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmeth\*(C'\fR may be a method cache entry, which is not visible to Perl code. So when calling \f(CW\*(C`call_sv\*(C'\fR, you should not use the \s-1GV\s0 directly; instead, you should use the method's \s-1CV\s0, which can be obtained from the \s-1GV\s0 with the \f(CW\*(C`GvCV\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& GV* gv_fetchmeth(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level) .Ve .IP "gv_fetchmethod" 8 .IX Xref "gv_fetchmethod" .IX Item "gv_fetchmethod" See gv_fetchmethod_autoload. .Sp .Vb 1 \& GV* gv_fetchmethod(HV* stash, const char* name) .Ve .IP "gv_fetchmethod_autoload" 8 .IX Xref "gv_fetchmethod_autoload" .IX Item "gv_fetchmethod_autoload" Returns the glob which contains the subroutine to call to invoke the method on the \f(CW\*(C`stash\*(C'\fR. In fact in the presence of autoloading this may be the glob for \*(L"\s-1AUTOLOAD\s0\*(R". In this case the corresponding variable \f(CW$AUTOLOAD\fR is already setup. .Sp The third parameter of \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmethod_autoload\*(C'\fR determines whether \&\s-1AUTOLOAD\s0 lookup is performed if the given method is not present: non-zero means yes, look for \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0; zero means no, don't look for \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0. Calling \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmethod\*(C'\fR is equivalent to calling \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmethod_autoload\*(C'\fR with a non-zero \f(CW\*(C`autoload\*(C'\fR parameter. .Sp These functions grant \f(CW"SUPER"\fR token as a prefix of the method name. Note that if you want to keep the returned glob for a long time, you need to check for it being \*(L"\s-1AUTOLOAD\s0\*(R", since at the later time the call may load a different subroutine due to \f(CW$AUTOLOAD\fR changing its value. Use the glob created via a side effect to do this. .Sp These functions have the same side-effects and as \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmeth\*(C'\fR with \&\f(CW\*(C`level==0\*(C'\fR. \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR should be writable if contains \f(CW':'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`' \&''\*(C'\fR. The warning against passing the \s-1GV\s0 returned by \f(CW\*(C`gv_fetchmeth\*(C'\fR to \&\f(CW\*(C`call_sv\*(C'\fR apply equally to these functions. .Sp .Vb 1 \& GV* gv_fetchmethod_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, I32 autoload) .Ve .IP "gv_fetchmeth_autoload" 8 .IX Xref "gv_fetchmeth_autoload" .IX Item "gv_fetchmeth_autoload" Same as \fIgv_fetchmeth()\fR, but looks for autoloaded subroutines too. Returns a glob for the subroutine. .Sp For an autoloaded subroutine without a \s-1GV\s0, will create a \s-1GV\s0 even if \f(CW\*(C`level < 0\*(C'\fR. For an autoloaded subroutine without a stub, \fIGvCV()\fR of the result may be zero. .Sp .Vb 1 \& GV* gv_fetchmeth_autoload(HV* stash, const char* name, STRLEN len, I32 level) .Ve .IP "gv_stashpv" 8 .IX Xref "gv_stashpv" .IX Item "gv_stashpv" Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR should be a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string and must be null\-terminated. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the package does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* gv_stashpv(const char* name, I32 create) .Ve .IP "gv_stashpvn" 8 .IX Xref "gv_stashpvn" .IX Item "gv_stashpvn" Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package. \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR should be a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string. The \f(CW\*(C`namelen\*(C'\fR parameter indicates the length of the \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR, in bytes. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set then the package will be created if it does not already exist. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the package does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* gv_stashpvn(const char* name, U32 namelen, I32 create) .Ve .IP "gv_stashsv" 8 .IX Xref "gv_stashsv" .IX Item "gv_stashsv" Returns a pointer to the stash for a specified package, which must be a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string. See \f(CW\*(C`gv_stashpv\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* gv_stashsv(SV* sv, I32 create) .Ve .SH "Handy Values" .IX Header "Handy Values" .IP "Nullav" 8 .IX Xref "Nullav" .IX Item "Nullav" Null \s-1AV\s0 pointer. .IP "Nullch" 8 .IX Xref "Nullch" .IX Item "Nullch" Null character pointer. .IP "Nullcv" 8 .IX Xref "Nullcv" .IX Item "Nullcv" Null \s-1CV\s0 pointer. .IP "Nullhv" 8 .IX Xref "Nullhv" .IX Item "Nullhv" Null \s-1HV\s0 pointer. .IP "Nullsv" 8 .IX Xref "Nullsv" .IX Item "Nullsv" Null \s-1SV\s0 pointer. .SH "Hash Manipulation Functions" .IX Header "Hash Manipulation Functions" .IP "get_hv" 8 .IX Xref "get_hv" .IX Item "get_hv" Returns the \s-1HV\s0 of the specified Perl hash. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the variable does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* get_hv(const char* name, I32 create) .Ve .IP "HEf_SVKEY" 8 .IX Xref "HEf_SVKEY" .IX Item "HEf_SVKEY" This flag, used in the length slot of hash entries and magic structures, specifies the structure contains an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR pointer where a \f(CW\*(C`char*\*(C'\fR pointer is to be expected. (For information only\*(--not to be used). .IP "HeHASH" 8 .IX Xref "HeHASH" .IX Item "HeHASH" Returns the computed hash stored in the hash entry. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U32 HeHASH(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HeKEY" 8 .IX Xref "HeKEY" .IX Item "HeKEY" Returns the actual pointer stored in the key slot of the hash entry. The pointer may be either \f(CW\*(C`char*\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR, depending on the value of \&\f(CW\*(C`HeKLEN()\*(C'\fR. Can be assigned to. The \f(CW\*(C`HePV()\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`HeSVKEY()\*(C'\fR macros are usually preferable for finding the value of a key. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void* HeKEY(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HeKLEN" 8 .IX Xref "HeKLEN" .IX Item "HeKLEN" If this is negative, and amounts to \f(CW\*(C`HEf_SVKEY\*(C'\fR, it indicates the entry holds an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR key. Otherwise, holds the actual length of the key. Can be assigned to. The \f(CW\*(C`HePV()\*(C'\fR macro is usually preferable for finding key lengths. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN HeKLEN(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HePV" 8 .IX Xref "HePV" .IX Item "HePV" Returns the key slot of the hash entry as a \f(CW\*(C`char*\*(C'\fR value, doing any necessary dereferencing of possibly \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR keys. The length of the string is placed in \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR (this is a macro, so do \fInot\fR use \f(CW&len\fR). If you do not care about what the length of the key is, you may use the global variable \f(CW\*(C`PL_na\*(C'\fR, though this is rather less efficient than using a local variable. Remember though, that hash keys in perl are free to contain embedded nulls, so using \f(CW\*(C`strlen()\*(C'\fR or similar is not a good way to find the length of hash keys. This is very similar to the \f(CW\*(C`SvPV()\*(C'\fR macro described elsewhere in this document. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* HePV(HE* he, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "HeSVKEY" 8 .IX Xref "HeSVKEY" .IX Item "HeSVKEY" Returns the key as an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`Nullsv\*(C'\fR if the hash entry does not contain an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR key. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* HeSVKEY(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HeSVKEY_force" 8 .IX Xref "HeSVKEY_force" .IX Item "HeSVKEY_force" Returns the key as an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. Will create and return a temporary mortal \&\f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR if the hash entry contains only a \f(CW\*(C`char*\*(C'\fR key. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* HeSVKEY_force(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HeSVKEY_set" 8 .IX Xref "HeSVKEY_set" .IX Item "HeSVKEY_set" Sets the key to a given \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR, taking care to set the appropriate flags to indicate the presence of an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR key, and returns the same \&\f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* HeSVKEY_set(HE* he, SV* sv) .Ve .IP "HeVAL" 8 .IX Xref "HeVAL" .IX Item "HeVAL" Returns the value slot (type \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR) stored in the hash entry. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* HeVAL(HE* he) .Ve .IP "HvNAME" 8 .IX Xref "HvNAME" .IX Item "HvNAME" Returns the package name of a stash. See \f(CW\*(C`SvSTASH\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`CvSTASH\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* HvNAME(HV* stash) .Ve .IP "hv_clear" 8 .IX Xref "hv_clear" .IX Item "hv_clear" Clears a hash, making it empty. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void hv_clear(HV* tb) .Ve .IP "hv_clear_placeholders" 8 .IX Xref "hv_clear_placeholders" .IX Item "hv_clear_placeholders" Clears any placeholders from a hash. If a restricted hash has any of its keys marked as readonly and the key is subsequently deleted, the key is not actually deleted but is marked by assigning it a value of &PL_sv_placeholder. This tags it so it will be ignored by future operations such as iterating over the hash, but will still allow the hash to have a value reassigned to the key at some future point. This function clears any such placeholder keys from the hash. See \fIHash::Util::lock_keys()\fR for an example of its use. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void hv_clear_placeholders(HV* hb) .Ve .IP "hv_delete" 8 .IX Xref "hv_delete" .IX Item "hv_delete" Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value \s-1SV\s0 is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The \f(CW\*(C`klen\*(C'\fR is the length of the key. The \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then \s-1NULL\s0 will be returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_delete(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "hv_delete_ent" 8 .IX Xref "hv_delete_ent" .IX Item "hv_delete_ent" Deletes a key/value pair in the hash. The value \s-1SV\s0 is removed from the hash and returned to the caller. The \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR value will normally be zero; if set to G_DISCARD then \s-1NULL\s0 will be returned. \f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_delete_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 flags, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "hv_exists" 8 .IX Xref "hv_exists" .IX Item "hv_exists" Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. The \&\f(CW\*(C`klen\*(C'\fR is the length of the key. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool hv_exists(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen) .Ve .IP "hv_exists_ent" 8 .IX Xref "hv_exists_ent" .IX Item "hv_exists_ent" Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified hash key exists. \f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR can be a valid precomputed hash value, or 0 to ask for it to be computed. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool hv_exists_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "hv_fetch" 8 .IX Xref "hv_fetch" .IX Item "hv_fetch" Returns the \s-1SV\s0 which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. The \&\f(CW\*(C`klen\*(C'\fR is the length of the key. If \f(CW\*(C`lval\*(C'\fR is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Check that the return value is non-null before dereferencing it to an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV** hv_fetch(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, I32 lval) .Ve .IP "hv_fetch_ent" 8 .IX Xref "hv_fetch_ent" .IX Item "hv_fetch_ent" Returns the hash entry which corresponds to the specified key in the hash. \&\f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR must be a valid precomputed hash number for the given \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR, or 0 if you want the function to compute it. \s-1IF\s0 \f(CW\*(C`lval\*(C'\fR is set then the fetch will be part of a store. Make sure the return value is non-null before accessing it. The return value when \f(CW\*(C`tb\*(C'\fR is a tied hash is a pointer to a static location, so be sure to make a copy of the structure if you need to store it somewhere. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HE* hv_fetch_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, I32 lval, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "hv_iterinit" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iterinit" .IX Item "hv_iterinit" Prepares a starting point to traverse a hash table. Returns the number of keys in the hash (i.e. the same as \f(CW\*(C`HvKEYS(tb)\*(C'\fR). The return value is currently only meaningful for hashes without tie magic. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 Before version 5.004_65, \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterinit\*(C'\fR used to return the number of hash buckets that happen to be in use. If you still need that esoteric value, you can get it through the macro \f(CW\*(C`HvFILL(tb)\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 hv_iterinit(HV* tb) .Ve .IP "hv_iterkey" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iterkey" .IX Item "hv_iterkey" Returns the key from the current position of the hash iterator. See \&\f(CW\*(C`hv_iterinit\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* hv_iterkey(HE* entry, I32* retlen) .Ve .IP "hv_iterkeysv" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iterkeysv" .IX Item "hv_iterkeysv" Returns the key as an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR from the current position of the hash iterator. The return value will always be a mortal copy of the key. Also see \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterinit\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_iterkeysv(HE* entry) .Ve .IP "hv_iternext" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iternext" .IX Item "hv_iternext" Returns entries from a hash iterator. See \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterinit\*(C'\fR. .Sp You may call \f(CW\*(C`hv_delete\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`hv_delete_ent\*(C'\fR on the hash entry that the iterator currently points to, without losing your place or invalidating your iterator. Note that in this case the current entry is deleted from the hash with your iterator holding the last reference to it. Your iterator is flagged to free the entry on the next call to \f(CW\*(C`hv_iternext\*(C'\fR, so you must not discard your iterator immediately else the entry will leak \- call \f(CW\*(C`hv_iternext\*(C'\fR to trigger the resource deallocation. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HE* hv_iternext(HV* tb) .Ve .IP "hv_iternextsv" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iternextsv" .IX Item "hv_iternextsv" Performs an \f(CW\*(C`hv_iternext\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterkey\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterval\*(C'\fR in one operation. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_iternextsv(HV* hv, char** key, I32* retlen) .Ve .IP "hv_iternext_flags" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iternext_flags" .IX Item "hv_iternext_flags" Returns entries from a hash iterator. See \f(CW\*(C`hv_iterinit\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`hv_iternext\*(C'\fR. The \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR value will normally be zero; if \s-1HV_ITERNEXT_WANTPLACEHOLDERS\s0 is set the placeholders keys (for restricted hashes) will be returned in addition to normal keys. By default placeholders are automatically skipped over. Currently a placeholder is implemented with a value that is \&\f(CW&Perl_sv_placeholder\fR. Note that the implementation of placeholders and restricted hashes may change, and the implementation currently is insufficiently abstracted for any change to be tidy. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HE* hv_iternext_flags(HV* tb, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "hv_iterval" 8 .IX Xref "hv_iterval" .IX Item "hv_iterval" Returns the value from the current position of the hash iterator. See \&\f(CW\*(C`hv_iterkey\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_iterval(HV* tb, HE* entry) .Ve .IP "hv_magic" 8 .IX Xref "hv_magic" .IX Item "hv_magic" Adds magic to a hash. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void hv_magic(HV* hv, GV* gv, int how) .Ve .IP "hv_scalar" 8 .IX Xref "hv_scalar" .IX Item "hv_scalar" Evaluates the hash in scalar context and returns the result. Handles magic when the hash is tied. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* hv_scalar(HV* hv) .Ve .IP "hv_store" 8 .IX Xref "hv_store" .IX Item "hv_store" Stores an \s-1SV\s0 in a hash. The hash key is specified as \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`klen\*(C'\fR is the length of the key. The \f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value will be \&\s-1NULL\s0 if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise it can be dereferenced to get the original \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned \s-1NULL\s0. Effectively a successful hv_store takes ownership of one reference to \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR. This is usually what you want; a newly created \s-1SV\s0 has a reference count of one, so if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store will own the only reference to the new \s-1SV\s0, and your code doesn't need to do anything further to tidy up. hv_store is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary \s-1SV\s0 for the key, so if your key data is not already in \s-1SV\s0 form then use hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV** hv_store(HV* tb, const char* key, I32 klen, SV* val, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "hv_store_ent" 8 .IX Xref "hv_store_ent" .IX Item "hv_store_ent" Stores \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR in a hash. The hash key is specified as \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR. The \f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR parameter is the precomputed hash value; if it is zero then Perl will compute it. The return value is the new hash entry so created. It will be \&\s-1NULL\s0 if the operation failed or if the value did not need to be actually stored within the hash (as in the case of tied hashes). Otherwise the contents of the return value can be accessed using the \f(CW\*(C`He?\*(C'\fR macros described here. Note that the caller is responsible for suitably incrementing the reference count of \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR before the call, and decrementing it if the function returned \s-1NULL\s0. Effectively a successful hv_store_ent takes ownership of one reference to \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR. This is usually what you want; a newly created \s-1SV\s0 has a reference count of one, so if all your code does is create SVs then store them in a hash, hv_store will own the only reference to the new \s-1SV\s0, and your code doesn't need to do anything further to tidy up. Note that hv_store_ent only reads the \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR; unlike \f(CW\*(C`val\*(C'\fR it does not take ownership of it, so maintaining the correct reference count on \f(CW\*(C`key\*(C'\fR is entirely the caller's responsibility. hv_store is not implemented as a call to hv_store_ent, and does not create a temporary \&\s-1SV\s0 for the key, so if your key data is not already in \s-1SV\s0 form then use hv_store in preference to hv_store_ent. .Sp See \*(L"Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays\*(R" in perlguts for more information on how to use this function on tied hashes. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HE* hv_store_ent(HV* tb, SV* key, SV* val, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "hv_undef" 8 .IX Xref "hv_undef" .IX Item "hv_undef" Undefines the hash. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void hv_undef(HV* tb) .Ve .IP "newHV" 8 .IX Xref "newHV" .IX Item "newHV" Creates a new \s-1HV\s0. The reference count is set to 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* newHV() .Ve .SH "Magical Functions" .IX Header "Magical Functions" .IP "mg_clear" 8 .IX Xref "mg_clear" .IX Item "mg_clear" Clear something magical that the \s-1SV\s0 represents. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int mg_clear(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "mg_copy" 8 .IX Xref "mg_copy" .IX Item "mg_copy" Copies the magic from one \s-1SV\s0 to another. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int mg_copy(SV* sv, SV* nsv, const char* key, I32 klen) .Ve .IP "mg_find" 8 .IX Xref "mg_find" .IX Item "mg_find" Finds the magic pointer for type matching the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& MAGIC* mg_find(SV* sv, int type) .Ve .IP "mg_free" 8 .IX Xref "mg_free" .IX Item "mg_free" Free any magic storage used by the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int mg_free(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "mg_get" 8 .IX Xref "mg_get" .IX Item "mg_get" Do magic after a value is retrieved from the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int mg_get(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "mg_length" 8 .IX Xref "mg_length" .IX Item "mg_length" Report on the \s-1SV\s0's length. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U32 mg_length(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "mg_magical" 8 .IX Xref "mg_magical" .IX Item "mg_magical" Turns on the magical status of an \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mg_magical(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "mg_set" 8 .IX Xref "mg_set" .IX Item "mg_set" Do magic after a value is assigned to the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int mg_set(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvGETMAGIC" 8 .IX Xref "SvGETMAGIC" .IX Item "SvGETMAGIC" Invokes \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on an \s-1SV\s0 if it has 'get' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvGETMAGIC(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvLOCK" 8 .IX Xref "SvLOCK" .IX Item "SvLOCK" Arranges for a mutual exclusion lock to be obtained on sv if a suitable module has been loaded. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvLOCK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvSETMAGIC" 8 .IX Xref "SvSETMAGIC" .IX Item "SvSETMAGIC" Invokes \f(CW\*(C`mg_set\*(C'\fR on an \s-1SV\s0 if it has 'set' magic. This macro evaluates its argument more than once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSETMAGIC(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvSetMagicSV" 8 .IX Xref "SvSetMagicSV" .IX Item "SvSetMagicSV" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV\*(C'\fR, but does any set magic required afterwards. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSetMagicSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "SvSetMagicSV_nosteal" 8 .IX Xref "SvSetMagicSV_nosteal" .IX Item "SvSetMagicSV_nosteal" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV_nosteal\*(C'\fR, but does any set magic required afterwards. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSetMagicSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "SvSetSV" 8 .IX Xref "SvSetSV" .IX Item "SvSetSV" Calls \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSetSV(SV* dsb, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "SvSetSV_nosteal" 8 .IX Xref "SvSetSV_nosteal" .IX Item "SvSetSV_nosteal" Calls a non-destructive version of \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR if dsv is not the same as ssv. May evaluate arguments more than once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSetSV_nosteal(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "SvSHARE" 8 .IX Xref "SvSHARE" .IX Item "SvSHARE" Arranges for sv to be shared between threads if a suitable module has been loaded. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSHARE(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUNLOCK" 8 .IX Xref "SvUNLOCK" .IX Item "SvUNLOCK" Releases a mutual exclusion lock on sv if a suitable module has been loaded. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUNLOCK(SV* sv) .Ve .SH "Memory Management" .IX Header "Memory Management" .IP "Copy" 8 .IX Xref "Copy" .IX Item "Copy" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`memcpy\*(C'\fR function. The \f(CW\*(C`src\*(C'\fR is the source, \f(CW\*(C`dest\*(C'\fR is the destination, \f(CW\*(C`nitems\*(C'\fR is the number of items, and \f(CW\*(C`type\*(C'\fR is the type. May fail on overlapping copies. See also \f(CW\*(C`Move\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Copy(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "CopyD" 8 .IX Xref "CopyD" .IX Item "CopyD" Like \f(CW\*(C`Copy\*(C'\fR but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call optimise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void * CopyD(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Move" 8 .IX Xref "Move" .IX Item "Move" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`memmove\*(C'\fR function. The \f(CW\*(C`src\*(C'\fR is the source, \f(CW\*(C`dest\*(C'\fR is the destination, \f(CW\*(C`nitems\*(C'\fR is the number of items, and \f(CW\*(C`type\*(C'\fR is the type. Can do overlapping moves. See also \f(CW\*(C`Copy\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Move(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "MoveD" 8 .IX Xref "MoveD" .IX Item "MoveD" Like \f(CW\*(C`Move\*(C'\fR but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call optimise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void * MoveD(void* src, void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Newx" 8 .IX Xref "Newx" .IX Item "Newx" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Newx(void* ptr, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Newxc" 8 .IX Xref "Newxc" .IX Item "Newxc" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR function, with cast. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Newxc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast) .Ve .IP "Newxz" 8 .IX Xref "Newxz" .IX Item "Newxz" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR function. The allocated memory is zeroed with \f(CW\*(C`memzero\*(C'\fR. .Sp In 5.9.3, we removed the 1st parameter, a debug aid, from the api. It was used to uniquely identify each usage of these allocation functions, but was deemed unnecessary with the availability of better memory tracking tools, valgrind for example. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Newxz(void* ptr, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Poison" 8 .IX Xref "Poison" .IX Item "Poison" Fill up memory with a pattern (byte 0xAB over and over again) that hopefully catches attempts to access uninitialized memory. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Poison(void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Renew" 8 .IX Xref "Renew" .IX Item "Renew" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Renew(void* ptr, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "Renewc" 8 .IX Xref "Renewc" .IX Item "Renewc" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`realloc\*(C'\fR function, with cast. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Renewc(void* ptr, int nitems, type, cast) .Ve .IP "Safefree" 8 .IX Xref "Safefree" .IX Item "Safefree" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`free\*(C'\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Safefree(void* ptr) .Ve .IP "savepv" 8 .IX Xref "savepv" .IX Item "savepv" Perl's version of \f(CW\*(C`strdup()\*(C'\fR. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of \f(CW\*(C`pv\*(C'\fR. The size of the string is determined by \f(CW\*(C`strlen()\*(C'\fR. The memory allocated for the new string can be freed with the \f(CW\*(C`Safefree()\*(C'\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* savepv(const char* pv) .Ve .IP "savepvn" 8 .IX Xref "savepvn" .IX Item "savepvn" Perl's version of what \f(CW\*(C`strndup()\*(C'\fR would be if it existed. Returns a pointer to a newly allocated string which is a duplicate of the first \&\f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR bytes from \f(CW\*(C`pv\*(C'\fR. The memory allocated for the new string can be freed with the \f(CW\*(C`Safefree()\*(C'\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* savepvn(const char* pv, I32 len) .Ve .IP "savesharedpv" 8 .IX Xref "savesharedpv" .IX Item "savesharedpv" A version of \f(CW\*(C`savepv()\*(C'\fR which allocates the duplicate string in memory which is shared between threads. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* savesharedpv(const char* pv) .Ve .IP "savesvpv" 8 .IX Xref "savesvpv" .IX Item "savesvpv" A version of \f(CW\*(C`savepv()\*(C'\fR/\f(CW\*(C`savepvn()\*(C'\fR which gets the string to duplicate from the passed in \s-1SV\s0 using \f(CW\*(C`SvPV()\*(C'\fR .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* savesvpv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "StructCopy" 8 .IX Xref "StructCopy" .IX Item "StructCopy" This is an architecture-independent macro to copy one structure to another. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void StructCopy(type src, type dest, type) .Ve .IP "Zero" 8 .IX Xref "Zero" .IX Item "Zero" The XSUB\-writer's interface to the C \f(CW\*(C`memzero\*(C'\fR function. The \f(CW\*(C`dest\*(C'\fR is the destination, \f(CW\*(C`nitems\*(C'\fR is the number of items, and \f(CW\*(C`type\*(C'\fR is the type. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void Zero(void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .IP "ZeroD" 8 .IX Xref "ZeroD" .IX Item "ZeroD" Like \f(CW\*(C`Zero\*(C'\fR but returns dest. Useful for encouraging compilers to tail-call optimise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void * ZeroD(void* dest, int nitems, type) .Ve .SH "Miscellaneous Functions" .IX Header "Miscellaneous Functions" .IP "fbm_compile" 8 .IX Xref "fbm_compile" .IX Item "fbm_compile" Analyses the string in order to make fast searches on it using \fIfbm_instr()\fR \&\*(-- the Boyer-Moore algorithm. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void fbm_compile(SV* sv, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "fbm_instr" 8 .IX Xref "fbm_instr" .IX Item "fbm_instr" Returns the location of the \s-1SV\s0 in the string delimited by \f(CW\*(C`str\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`strend\*(C'\fR. It returns \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR if the string can't be found. The \f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR does not have to be fbm_compiled, but the search will not be as fast then. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* fbm_instr(unsigned char* big, unsigned char* bigend, SV* littlesv, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "form" 8 .IX Xref "form" .IX Item "form" Takes a sprintf-style format pattern and conventional (non\-SV) arguments and returns the formatted string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& (char *) Perl_form(pTHX_ const char* pat, ...) .Ve .Sp can be used any place a string (char *) is required: .Sp .Vb 1 \& char * s = Perl_form("%d.%d",major,minor); .Ve .Sp Uses a single private buffer so if you want to format several strings you must explicitly copy the earlier strings away (and free the copies when you are done). .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* form(const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "getcwd_sv" 8 .IX Xref "getcwd_sv" .IX Item "getcwd_sv" Fill the sv with current working directory .Sp .Vb 1 \& int getcwd_sv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "strEQ" 8 .IX Xref "strEQ" .IX Item "strEQ" Test two strings to see if they are equal. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strEQ(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strGE" 8 .IX Xref "strGE" .IX Item "strGE" Test two strings to see if the first, \f(CW\*(C`s1\*(C'\fR, is greater than or equal to the second, \f(CW\*(C`s2\*(C'\fR. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strGE(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strGT" 8 .IX Xref "strGT" .IX Item "strGT" Test two strings to see if the first, \f(CW\*(C`s1\*(C'\fR, is greater than the second, \&\f(CW\*(C`s2\*(C'\fR. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strGT(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strLE" 8 .IX Xref "strLE" .IX Item "strLE" Test two strings to see if the first, \f(CW\*(C`s1\*(C'\fR, is less than or equal to the second, \f(CW\*(C`s2\*(C'\fR. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strLE(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strLT" 8 .IX Xref "strLT" .IX Item "strLT" Test two strings to see if the first, \f(CW\*(C`s1\*(C'\fR, is less than the second, \&\f(CW\*(C`s2\*(C'\fR. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strLT(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strNE" 8 .IX Xref "strNE" .IX Item "strNE" Test two strings to see if they are different. Returns true or false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strNE(char* s1, char* s2) .Ve .IP "strnEQ" 8 .IX Xref "strnEQ" .IX Item "strnEQ" Test two strings to see if they are equal. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for \&\f(CW\*(C`strncmp\*(C'\fR). .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strnEQ(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "strnNE" 8 .IX Xref "strnNE" .IX Item "strnNE" Test two strings to see if they are different. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR parameter indicates the number of bytes to compare. Returns true or false. (A wrapper for \f(CW\*(C`strncmp\*(C'\fR). .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool strnNE(char* s1, char* s2, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_nolocking" 8 .IX Xref "sv_nolocking" .IX Item "sv_nolocking" Dummy routine which \*(L"locks\*(R" an \s-1SV\s0 when there is no locking module present. Exists to avoid test for a \s-1NULL\s0 function pointer and because it could potentially warn under some level of strict\-ness. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_nolocking(SV *) .Ve .IP "sv_nosharing" 8 .IX Xref "sv_nosharing" .IX Item "sv_nosharing" Dummy routine which \*(L"shares\*(R" an \s-1SV\s0 when there is no sharing module present. Exists to avoid test for a \s-1NULL\s0 function pointer and because it could potentially warn under some level of strict\-ness. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_nosharing(SV *) .Ve .IP "sv_nounlocking" 8 .IX Xref "sv_nounlocking" .IX Item "sv_nounlocking" Dummy routine which \*(L"unlocks\*(R" an \s-1SV\s0 when there is no locking module present. Exists to avoid test for a \s-1NULL\s0 function pointer and because it could potentially warn under some level of strict\-ness. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_nounlocking(SV *) .Ve .SH "Numeric functions" .IX Header "Numeric functions" .IP "grok_bin" 8 .IX Xref "grok_bin" .IX Item "grok_bin" converts a string representing a binary number to numeric form. .Sp On entry \fIstart\fR and \fI*len\fR give the string to scan, \fI*flags\fR gives conversion flags, and \fIresult\fR should be \s-1NULL\s0 or a pointer to an \s-1NV\s0. The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character. Unless \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR, encountering an invalid character will also trigger a warning. On return \fI*len\fR is set to the length of the scanned string, and \fI*flags\fR gives output flags. .Sp If the value is <= \f(CW\*(C`UV_MAX\*(C'\fR it is returned as a \s-1UV\s0, the output flags are clear, and nothing is written to \fI*result\fR. If the value is > \s-1UV_MAX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`grok_bin\*(C'\fR returns \s-1UV_MAX\s0, sets \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX\*(C'\fR in the output flags, and writes the value to \fI*result\fR (or the value is discarded if \fIresult\fR is \s-1NULL\s0). .Sp The binary number may optionally be prefixed with \*(L"0b\*(R" or \*(L"b\*(R" unless \&\f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR on entry. If \&\f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR then the binary number may use '_' characters to separate digits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV grok_bin(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result) .Ve .IP "grok_hex" 8 .IX Xref "grok_hex" .IX Item "grok_hex" converts a string representing a hex number to numeric form. .Sp On entry \fIstart\fR and \fI*len\fR give the string to scan, \fI*flags\fR gives conversion flags, and \fIresult\fR should be \s-1NULL\s0 or a pointer to an \s-1NV\s0. The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character. Unless \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR, encountering an invalid character will also trigger a warning. On return \fI*len\fR is set to the length of the scanned string, and \fI*flags\fR gives output flags. .Sp If the value is <= \s-1UV_MAX\s0 it is returned as a \s-1UV\s0, the output flags are clear, and nothing is written to \fI*result\fR. If the value is > \s-1UV_MAX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`grok_hex\*(C'\fR returns \s-1UV_MAX\s0, sets \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX\*(C'\fR in the output flags, and writes the value to \fI*result\fR (or the value is discarded if \fIresult\fR is \s-1NULL\s0). .Sp The hex number may optionally be prefixed with \*(L"0x\*(R" or \*(L"x\*(R" unless \&\f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_DISALLOW_PREFIX\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR on entry. If \&\f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR then the hex number may use '_' characters to separate digits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV grok_hex(char* start, STRLEN* len, I32* flags, NV *result) .Ve .IP "grok_number" 8 .IX Xref "grok_number" .IX Item "grok_number" Recognise (or not) a number. The type of the number is returned (0 if unrecognised), otherwise it is a bit-ORed combination of \&\s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0, \s-1IS_NUMBER_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX\s0, \s-1IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT\s0, \&\s-1IS_NUMBER_NEG\s0, \s-1IS_NUMBER_INFINITY\s0, \s-1IS_NUMBER_NAN\s0 (defined in perl.h). .Sp If the value of the number can fit an in \s-1UV\s0, it is returned in the *valuep \&\s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 will be set to indicate that *valuep is valid, \s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 will never be set unless *valuep is valid, but *valuep may have been assigned to during processing even though \s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 is not set on return. If valuep is \s-1NULL\s0, \s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 will be set for the same cases as when valuep is non\-NULL, but no actual assignment (or \s-1SEGV\s0) will occur. .Sp \&\s-1IS_NUMBER_NOT_INT\s0 will be set with \s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 if trailing decimals were seen (in which case *valuep gives the true value truncated to an integer), and \&\s-1IS_NUMBER_NEG\s0 if the number is negative (in which case *valuep holds the absolute value). \s-1IS_NUMBER_IN_UV\s0 is not set if e notation was used or the number is larger than a \s-1UV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int grok_number(const char *pv, STRLEN len, UV *valuep) .Ve .IP "grok_numeric_radix" 8 .IX Xref "grok_numeric_radix" .IX Item "grok_numeric_radix" Scan and skip for a numeric decimal separator (radix). .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool grok_numeric_radix(const char **sp, const char *send) .Ve .IP "grok_oct" 8 .IX Xref "grok_oct" .IX Item "grok_oct" converts a string representing an octal number to numeric form. .Sp On entry \fIstart\fR and \fI*len\fR give the string to scan, \fI*flags\fR gives conversion flags, and \fIresult\fR should be \s-1NULL\s0 or a pointer to an \s-1NV\s0. The scan stops at the end of the string, or the first invalid character. Unless \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_SILENT_ILLDIGIT\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR, encountering an invalid character will also trigger a warning. On return \fI*len\fR is set to the length of the scanned string, and \fI*flags\fR gives output flags. .Sp If the value is <= \s-1UV_MAX\s0 it is returned as a \s-1UV\s0, the output flags are clear, and nothing is written to \fI*result\fR. If the value is > \s-1UV_MAX\s0 \f(CW\*(C`grok_oct\*(C'\fR returns \s-1UV_MAX\s0, sets \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_GREATER_THAN_UV_MAX\*(C'\fR in the output flags, and writes the value to \fI*result\fR (or the value is discarded if \fIresult\fR is \s-1NULL\s0). .Sp If \f(CW\*(C`PERL_SCAN_ALLOW_UNDERSCORES\*(C'\fR is set in \fI*flags\fR then the octal number may use '_' characters to separate digits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV grok_oct(char* start, STRLEN* len_p, I32* flags, NV *result) .Ve .IP "scan_bin" 8 .IX Xref "scan_bin" .IX Item "scan_bin" For backwards compatibility. Use \f(CW\*(C`grok_bin\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV scan_bin(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen) .Ve .IP "scan_hex" 8 .IX Xref "scan_hex" .IX Item "scan_hex" For backwards compatibility. Use \f(CW\*(C`grok_hex\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV scan_hex(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen) .Ve .IP "scan_oct" 8 .IX Xref "scan_oct" .IX Item "scan_oct" For backwards compatibility. Use \f(CW\*(C`grok_oct\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV scan_oct(char* start, STRLEN len, STRLEN* retlen) .Ve .SH "Optree Manipulation Functions" .IX Header "Optree Manipulation Functions" .IP "cv_const_sv" 8 .IX Xref "cv_const_sv" .IX Item "cv_const_sv" If \f(CW\*(C`cv\*(C'\fR is a constant sub eligible for inlining. returns the constant value returned by the sub. Otherwise, returns \s-1NULL\s0. .Sp Constant subs can be created with \f(CW\*(C`newCONSTSUB\*(C'\fR or as described in \&\*(L"Constant Functions\*(R" in perlsub. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* cv_const_sv(CV* cv) .Ve .IP "newCONSTSUB" 8 .IX Xref "newCONSTSUB" .IX Item "newCONSTSUB" Creates a constant sub equivalent to Perl \f(CW\*(C`sub FOO () { 123 }\*(C'\fR which is eligible for inlining at compile\-time. .Sp .Vb 1 \& CV* newCONSTSUB(HV* stash, char* name, SV* sv) .Ve .IP "newXS" 8 .IX Xref "newXS" .IX Item "newXS" Used by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. .SH "Pad Data Structures" .IX Header "Pad Data Structures" .IP "pad_sv" 8 .IX Xref "pad_sv" .IX Item "pad_sv" Get the value at offset po in the current pad. Use macro \s-1PAD_SV\s0 instead of calling this function directly. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* pad_sv(PADOFFSET po) .Ve .SH "Stack Manipulation Macros" .IX Header "Stack Manipulation Macros" .IP "dMARK" 8 .IX Xref "dMARK" .IX Item "dMARK" Declare a stack marker variable, \f(CW\*(C`mark\*(C'\fR, for the \s-1XSUB\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`MARK\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`dORIGMARK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dMARK; .Ve .IP "dORIGMARK" 8 .IX Xref "dORIGMARK" .IX Item "dORIGMARK" Saves the original stack mark for the \s-1XSUB\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`ORIGMARK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dORIGMARK; .Ve .IP "dSP" 8 .IX Xref "dSP" .IX Item "dSP" Declares a local copy of perl's stack pointer for the \s-1XSUB\s0, available via the \f(CW\*(C`SP\*(C'\fR macro. See \f(CW\*(C`SP\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dSP; .Ve .IP "\s-1EXTEND\s0" 8 .IX Xref "EXTEND" .IX Item "EXTEND" Used to extend the argument stack for an \s-1XSUB\s0's return values. Once used, guarantees that there is room for at least \f(CW\*(C`nitems\*(C'\fR to be pushed onto the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void EXTEND(SP, int nitems) .Ve .IP "\s-1MARK\s0" 8 .IX Xref "MARK" .IX Item "MARK" Stack marker variable for the \s-1XSUB\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`dMARK\*(C'\fR. .IP "mPUSHi" 8 .IX Xref "mPUSHi" .IX Item "mPUSHi" Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHi\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHi\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHi\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mPUSHi(IV iv) .Ve .IP "mPUSHn" 8 .IX Xref "mPUSHn" .IX Item "mPUSHn" Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHn\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHn\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHn\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mPUSHn(NV nv) .Ve .IP "mPUSHp" 8 .IX Xref "mPUSHp" .IX Item "mPUSHp" Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHp\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHp\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "mPUSHu" 8 .IX Xref "mPUSHu" .IX Item "mPUSHu" Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHu\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHu\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHu\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mPUSHu(UV uv) .Ve .IP "mXPUSHi" 8 .IX Xref "mXPUSHi" .IX Item "mXPUSHi" Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles \&'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHi\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHi\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`PUSHi\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mXPUSHi(IV iv) .Ve .IP "mXPUSHn" 8 .IX Xref "mXPUSHn" .IX Item "mXPUSHn" Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles \&'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHn\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHn\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`PUSHn\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mXPUSHn(NV nv) .Ve .IP "mXPUSHp" 8 .IX Xref "mXPUSHp" .IX Item "mXPUSHp" Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \&\f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHp\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHp\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`PUSHp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mXPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "mXPUSHu" 8 .IX Xref "mXPUSHu" .IX Item "mXPUSHu" Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHu\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHu\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`PUSHu\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void mXPUSHu(UV uv) .Ve .IP "\s-1ORIGMARK\s0" 8 .IX Xref "ORIGMARK" .IX Item "ORIGMARK" The original stack mark for the \s-1XSUB\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`dORIGMARK\*(C'\fR. .IP "POPi" 8 .IX Xref "POPi" .IX Item "POPi" Pops an integer off the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV POPi .Ve .IP "POPl" 8 .IX Xref "POPl" .IX Item "POPl" Pops a long off the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& long POPl .Ve .IP "POPn" 8 .IX Xref "POPn" .IX Item "POPn" Pops a double off the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV POPn .Ve .IP "POPp" 8 .IX Xref "POPp" .IX Item "POPp" Pops a string off the stack. Deprecated. New code should use POPpx. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* POPp .Ve .IP "POPpbytex" 8 .IX Xref "POPpbytex" .IX Item "POPpbytex" Pops a string off the stack which must consist of bytes i.e. characters < 256. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* POPpbytex .Ve .IP "POPpx" 8 .IX Xref "POPpx" .IX Item "POPpx" Pops a string off the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* POPpx .Ve .IP "POPs" 8 .IX Xref "POPs" .IX Item "POPs" Pops an \s-1SV\s0 off the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* POPs .Ve .IP "PUSHi" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHi" .IX Item "PUSHi" Push an integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHi\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHi\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHi\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHi(IV iv) .Ve .IP "\s-1PUSHMARK\s0" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHMARK" .IX Item "PUSHMARK" Opening bracket for arguments on a callback. See \f(CW\*(C`PUTBACK\*(C'\fR and perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHMARK(SP) .Ve .IP "PUSHmortal" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHmortal" .IX Item "PUSHmortal" Push a new mortal \s-1SV\s0 onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \&\f(CW\*(C`PUSHs\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHmortal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHs\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHmortal() .Ve .IP "PUSHn" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHn" .IX Item "PUSHn" Push a double onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHn\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHn\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHn\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHn(NV nv) .Ve .IP "PUSHp" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHp" .IX Item "PUSHp" Push a string onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \&\f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \&\f(CW\*(C`mPUSHp\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHp\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "PUSHs" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHs" .IX Item "PUSHs" Push an \s-1SV\s0 onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHmortal\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`XPUSHs\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHmortal\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHs(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "PUSHu" 8 .IX Xref "PUSHu" .IX Item "PUSHu" Push an unsigned integer onto the stack. The stack must have room for this element. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHu\*(C'\fR instead. See also \&\f(CW\*(C`XPUSHu\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHu\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void PUSHu(UV uv) .Ve .IP "\s-1PUTBACK\s0" 8 .IX Xref "PUTBACK" .IX Item "PUTBACK" Closing bracket for \s-1XSUB\s0 arguments. This is usually handled by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. See \f(CW\*(C`PUSHMARK\*(C'\fR and perlcall for other uses. .Sp .Vb 1 \& PUTBACK; .Ve .IP "\s-1SP\s0" 8 .IX Xref "SP" .IX Item "SP" Stack pointer. This is usually handled by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. See \f(CW\*(C`dSP\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`SPAGAIN\*(C'\fR. .IP "\s-1SPAGAIN\s0" 8 .IX Xref "SPAGAIN" .IX Item "SPAGAIN" Refetch the stack pointer. Used after a callback. See perlcall. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SPAGAIN; .Ve .IP "XPUSHi" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHi" .IX Item "XPUSHi" Push an integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles \&'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHi\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHi\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHi\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHi(IV iv) .Ve .IP "XPUSHmortal" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHmortal" .IX Item "XPUSHmortal" Push a new mortal \s-1SV\s0 onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHs\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`PUSHmortal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`PUSHs\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHmortal() .Ve .IP "XPUSHn" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHn" .IX Item "XPUSHn" Push a double onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles \&'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHn\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHn\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHn\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHn(NV nv) .Ve .IP "XPUSHp" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHp" .IX Item "XPUSHp" Push a string onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates the length of the string. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \&\f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \&\f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHp\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHp\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`mPUSHp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHp(char* str, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "XPUSHs" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHs" .IX Item "XPUSHs" Push an \s-1SV\s0 onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. Does not use \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`XPUSHmortal\*(C'\fR, \&\f(CW\*(C`PUSHs\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`PUSHmortal\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHs(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "XPUSHu" 8 .IX Xref "XPUSHu" .IX Item "XPUSHu" Push an unsigned integer onto the stack, extending the stack if necessary. Handles 'set' magic. Uses \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR, so \f(CW\*(C`dTARGET\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`dXSTARG\*(C'\fR should be called to declare it. Do not call multiple \f(CW\*(C`TARG\*(C'\fR\-oriented macros to return lists from \s-1XSUB\s0's \- see \f(CW\*(C`mXPUSHu\*(C'\fR instead. See also \f(CW\*(C`PUSHu\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`mPUSHu\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XPUSHu(UV uv) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN" .IX Item "XSRETURN" Return from \s-1XSUB\s0, indicating number of items on the stack. This is usually handled by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XSRETURN(int nitems) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_EMPTY\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_EMPTY" .IX Item "XSRETURN_EMPTY" Return an empty list from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. .Sp .Vb 1 \& XSRETURN_EMPTY; .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_IV\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_IV" .IX Item "XSRETURN_IV" Return an integer from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mIV\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XSRETURN_IV(IV iv) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_NO\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_NO" .IX Item "XSRETURN_NO" Return \f(CW&PL_sv_no\fR from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mNO\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& XSRETURN_NO; .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_NV\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_NV" .IX Item "XSRETURN_NV" Return a double from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mNV\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XSRETURN_NV(NV nv) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_PV\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_PV" .IX Item "XSRETURN_PV" Return a copy of a string from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mPV\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XSRETURN_PV(char* str) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_UNDEF\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_UNDEF" .IX Item "XSRETURN_UNDEF" Return \f(CW&PL_sv_undef\fR from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mUNDEF\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& XSRETURN_UNDEF; .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_UV\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_UV" .IX Item "XSRETURN_UV" Return an integer from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mUV\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XSRETURN_UV(IV uv) .Ve .IP "\s-1XSRETURN_YES\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XSRETURN_YES" .IX Item "XSRETURN_YES" Return \f(CW&PL_sv_yes\fR from an \s-1XSUB\s0 immediately. Uses \f(CW\*(C`XST_mYES\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& XSRETURN_YES; .Ve .IP "XST_mIV" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mIV" .IX Item "XST_mIV" Place an integer into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mIV(int pos, IV iv) .Ve .IP "XST_mNO" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mNO" .IX Item "XST_mNO" Place \f(CW&PL_sv_no\fR into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mNO(int pos) .Ve .IP "XST_mNV" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mNV" .IX Item "XST_mNV" Place a double into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mNV(int pos, NV nv) .Ve .IP "XST_mPV" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mPV" .IX Item "XST_mPV" Place a copy of a string into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. The value is stored in a new mortal \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mPV(int pos, char* str) .Ve .IP "XST_mUNDEF" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mUNDEF" .IX Item "XST_mUNDEF" Place \f(CW&PL_sv_undef\fR into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mUNDEF(int pos) .Ve .IP "XST_mYES" 8 .IX Xref "XST_mYES" .IX Item "XST_mYES" Place \f(CW&PL_sv_yes\fR into the specified position \f(CW\*(C`pos\*(C'\fR on the stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void XST_mYES(int pos) .Ve .SH "SV Flags" .IX Header "SV Flags" .IP "svtype" 8 .IX Xref "svtype" .IX Item "svtype" An enum of flags for Perl types. These are found in the file \fBsv.h\fR in the \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR enum. Test these flags with the \f(CW\*(C`SvTYPE\*(C'\fR macro. .IP "SVt_IV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_IV" .IX Item "SVt_IV" Integer type flag for scalars. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_NV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_NV" .IX Item "SVt_NV" Double type flag for scalars. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_PV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_PV" .IX Item "SVt_PV" Pointer type flag for scalars. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_PVAV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_PVAV" .IX Item "SVt_PVAV" Type flag for arrays. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_PVCV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_PVCV" .IX Item "SVt_PVCV" Type flag for code refs. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_PVHV" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_PVHV" .IX Item "SVt_PVHV" Type flag for hashes. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .IP "SVt_PVMG" 8 .IX Xref "SVt_PVMG" .IX Item "SVt_PVMG" Type flag for blessed scalars. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .SH "SV Manipulation Functions" .IX Header "SV Manipulation Functions" .IP "get_sv" 8 .IX Xref "get_sv" .IX Item "get_sv" Returns the \s-1SV\s0 of the specified Perl scalar. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is set and the Perl variable does not exist then it will be created. If \f(CW\*(C`create\*(C'\fR is not set and the variable does not exist then \s-1NULL\s0 is returned. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 the perl_ form of this function is deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* get_sv(const char* name, I32 create) .Ve .IP "looks_like_number" 8 .IX Xref "looks_like_number" .IX Item "looks_like_number" Test if the content of an \s-1SV\s0 looks like a number (or is a number). \&\f(CW\*(C`Inf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`Infinity\*(C'\fR are treated as numbers (so will not issue a non-numeric warning), even if your \fIatof()\fR doesn't grok them. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 looks_like_number(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "newRV_inc" 8 .IX Xref "newRV_inc" .IX Item "newRV_inc" Creates an \s-1RV\s0 wrapper for an \s-1SV\s0. The reference count for the original \s-1SV\s0 is incremented. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newRV_inc(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "newRV_noinc" 8 .IX Xref "newRV_noinc" .IX Item "newRV_noinc" Creates an \s-1RV\s0 wrapper for an \s-1SV\s0. The reference count for the original \&\s-1SV\s0 is \fBnot\fR incremented. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newRV_noinc(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "\s-1NEWSV\s0" 8 .IX Xref "NEWSV" .IX Item "NEWSV" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0. A non-zero \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR parameter indicates the number of bytes of preallocated string space the \s-1SV\s0 should have. An extra byte for a tailing \s-1NUL\s0 is also reserved. (SvPOK is not set for the \s-1SV\s0 even if string space is allocated.) The reference count for the new \s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. \&\f(CW\*(C`id\*(C'\fR is an integer id between 0 and 1299 (used to identify leaks). .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* NEWSV(int id, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "newSV" 8 .IX Xref "newSV" .IX Item "newSV" Create a new null \s-1SV\s0, or if len > 0, create a new empty SVt_PV type \s-1SV\s0 with an initial \s-1PV\s0 allocation of len+1. Normally accessed via the \f(CW\*(C`NEWSV\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSV(STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "newSVhek" 8 .IX Xref "newSVhek" .IX Item "newSVhek" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 from the hash key structure. It will generate scalars that point to the shared string table where possible. Returns a new (undefined) \&\s-1SV\s0 if the hek is \s-1NULL\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVhek(const HEK *hek) .Ve .IP "newSViv" 8 .IX Xref "newSViv" .IX Item "newSViv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and copies an integer into it. The reference count for the \&\s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSViv(IV i) .Ve .IP "newSVnv" 8 .IX Xref "newSVnv" .IX Item "newSVnv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and copies a floating point value into it. The reference count for the \s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVnv(NV n) .Ve .IP "newSVpv" 8 .IX Xref "newSVpv" .IX Item "newSVpv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and copies a string into it. The reference count for the \&\s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. If \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR is zero, Perl will compute the length using \&\fIstrlen()\fR. For efficiency, consider using \f(CW\*(C`newSVpvn\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVpv(const char* s, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "newSVpvf" 8 .IX Xref "newSVpvf" .IX Item "newSVpvf" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and initializes it with the string formatted like \&\f(CW\*(C`sprintf\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVpvf(const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "newSVpvn" 8 .IX Xref "newSVpvn" .IX Item "newSVpvn" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and copies a string into it. The reference count for the \&\s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. Note that if \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR is zero, Perl will create a zero length string. You are responsible for ensuring that the source string is at least \&\f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR bytes long. If the \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR argument is \s-1NULL\s0 the new \s-1SV\s0 will be undefined. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVpvn(const char* s, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "newSVpvn_share" 8 .IX Xref "newSVpvn_share" .IX Item "newSVpvn_share" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 with its SvPVX_const pointing to a shared string in the string table. If the string does not already exist in the table, it is created first. Turns on \s-1READONLY\s0 and \s-1FAKE\s0. The string's hash is stored in the \s-1UV\s0 slot of the \s-1SV\s0; if the \f(CW\*(C`hash\*(C'\fR parameter is non\-zero, that value is used; otherwise the hash is computed. The idea here is that as the string table is used for shared hash keys these strings will have SvPVX_const == HeKEY and hash lookup will avoid string compare. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVpvn_share(const char* s, I32 len, U32 hash) .Ve .IP "newSVrv" 8 .IX Xref "newSVrv" .IX Item "newSVrv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 for the \s-1RV\s0, \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR, to point to. If \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR is not an \s-1RV\s0 then it will be upgraded to one. If \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR is non-null then the new \s-1SV\s0 will be blessed in the specified package. The new \s-1SV\s0 is returned and its reference count is 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVrv(SV* rv, const char* classname) .Ve .IP "newSVsv" 8 .IX Xref "newSVsv" .IX Item "newSVsv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 which is an exact duplicate of the original \s-1SV\s0. (Uses \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR). .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVsv(SV* old) .Ve .IP "newSVuv" 8 .IX Xref "newSVuv" .IX Item "newSVuv" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 and copies an unsigned integer into it. The reference count for the \s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* newSVuv(UV u) .Ve .IP "SvCUR" 8 .IX Xref "SvCUR" .IX Item "SvCUR" Returns the length of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`SvLEN\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN SvCUR(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvCUR_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvCUR_set" .IX Item "SvCUR_set" Set the current length of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`SvCUR\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvCUR_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvEND" 8 .IX Xref "SvEND" .IX Item "SvEND" Returns a pointer to the last character in the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`SvCUR\*(C'\fR. Access the character as *(SvEND(sv)). .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvEND(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvGROW" 8 .IX Xref "SvGROW" .IX Item "SvGROW" Expands the character buffer in the \s-1SV\s0 so that it has room for the indicated number of bytes (remember to reserve space for an extra trailing \&\s-1NUL\s0 character). Calls \f(CW\*(C`sv_grow\*(C'\fR to perform the expansion if necessary. Returns a pointer to the character buffer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char * SvGROW(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvIOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK" .IX Item "SvIOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains an integer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOKp" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOKp" .IX Item "SvIOKp" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains an integer. Checks the \fBprivate\fR setting. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvIOK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIOKp(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_notUV" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_notUV" .IX Item "SvIOK_notUV" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a signed integer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIOK_notUV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_off" .IX Item "SvIOK_off" Unsets the \s-1IV\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvIOK_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_on" .IX Item "SvIOK_on" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is an integer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvIOK_on(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_only" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_only" .IX Item "SvIOK_only" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is an integer and disables all other \s-1OK\s0 bits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvIOK_only(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_only_UV" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_only_UV" .IX Item "SvIOK_only_UV" Tells and \s-1SV\s0 that it is an unsigned integer and disables all other \s-1OK\s0 bits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvIOK_only_UV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIOK_UV" 8 .IX Xref "SvIOK_UV" .IX Item "SvIOK_UV" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains an unsigned integer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIOK_UV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIsCOW" 8 .IX Xref "SvIsCOW" .IX Item "SvIsCOW" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 is Copy\-On\-Write. (either shared hash key scalars, or full Copy On Write scalars if 5.9.0 is configured for \&\s-1COW\s0) .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIsCOW(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIsCOW_shared_hash" 8 .IX Xref "SvIsCOW_shared_hash" .IX Item "SvIsCOW_shared_hash" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 is Copy-On-Write shared hash key scalar. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvIsCOW_shared_hash(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIV" 8 .IX Xref "SvIV" .IX Item "SvIV" Coerces the given \s-1SV\s0 to an integer and returns it. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIVx\*(C'\fR for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV SvIV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIVX" 8 .IX Xref "SvIVX" .IX Item "SvIVX" Returns the raw value in the \s-1SV\s0's \s-1IV\s0 slot, without checks or conversions. Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also \f(CW\*(C`SvIV()\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV SvIVX(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIVx" 8 .IX Xref "SvIVx" .IX Item "SvIVx" Coerces the given \s-1SV\s0 to an integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvIV\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV SvIVx(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvIV_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvIV_set" .IX Item "SvIV_set" Set the value of the \s-1IV\s0 pointer in sv to val. It is possible to perform the same function of this macro with an lvalue assignment to \f(CW\*(C`SvIVX\*(C'\fR. With future Perls, however, it will be more efficient to use \&\f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR instead of the lvalue assignment to \f(CW\*(C`SvIVX\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvIV_set(SV* sv, IV val) .Ve .IP "SvLEN" 8 .IX Xref "SvLEN" .IX Item "SvLEN" Returns the size of the string buffer in the \s-1SV\s0, not including any part attributable to \f(CW\*(C`SvOOK\*(C'\fR. See \f(CW\*(C`SvCUR\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN SvLEN(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvLEN_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvLEN_set" .IX Item "SvLEN_set" Set the actual length of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvLEN_set(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvMAGIC_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvMAGIC_set" .IX Item "SvMAGIC_set" Set the value of the \s-1MAGIC\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvMAGIC_set(SV* sv, MAGIC* val) .Ve .IP "SvNIOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvNIOK" .IX Item "SvNIOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a number, integer or double. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvNIOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNIOKp" 8 .IX Xref "SvNIOKp" .IX Item "SvNIOKp" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a number, integer or double. Checks the \fBprivate\fR setting. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvNIOK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvNIOKp(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNIOK_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvNIOK_off" .IX Item "SvNIOK_off" Unsets the \s-1NV/IV\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvNIOK_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvNOK" .IX Item "SvNOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a double. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvNOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNOKp" 8 .IX Xref "SvNOKp" .IX Item "SvNOKp" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a double. Checks the \&\fBprivate\fR setting. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvNOK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvNOKp(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNOK_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvNOK_off" .IX Item "SvNOK_off" Unsets the \s-1NV\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvNOK_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNOK_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvNOK_on" .IX Item "SvNOK_on" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is a double. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvNOK_on(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNOK_only" 8 .IX Xref "SvNOK_only" .IX Item "SvNOK_only" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is a double and disables all other \s-1OK\s0 bits. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvNOK_only(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNV" 8 .IX Xref "SvNV" .IX Item "SvNV" Coerce the given \s-1SV\s0 to a double and return it. See \f(CW\*(C`SvNVx\*(C'\fR for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV SvNV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNVX" 8 .IX Xref "SvNVX" .IX Item "SvNVX" Returns the raw value in the \s-1SV\s0's \s-1NV\s0 slot, without checks or conversions. Only use when you are sure SvNOK is true. See also \f(CW\*(C`SvNV()\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV SvNVX(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNVx" 8 .IX Xref "SvNVx" .IX Item "SvNVx" Coerces the given \s-1SV\s0 to a double and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvNV\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV SvNVx(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvNV_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvNV_set" .IX Item "SvNV_set" Set the value of the \s-1NV\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvNV_set(SV* sv, NV val) .Ve .IP "SvOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvOK" .IX Item "SvOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the value is an \s-1SV\s0. It also tells whether the value is defined or not. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvOOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvOOK" .IX Item "SvOOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the SvIVX is a valid offset value for the SvPVX. This hack is used internally to speed up removal of characters from the beginning of a SvPV. When SvOOK is true, then the start of the allocated string buffer is really (SvPVX \- SvIVX). .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvOOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOK" .IX Item "SvPOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a character string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvPOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOKp" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOKp" .IX Item "SvPOKp" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains a character string. Checks the \fBprivate\fR setting. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvPOK\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvPOKp(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOK_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOK_off" .IX Item "SvPOK_off" Unsets the \s-1PV\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvPOK_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOK_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOK_on" .IX Item "SvPOK_on" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is a string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvPOK_on(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOK_only" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOK_only" .IX Item "SvPOK_only" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is a string and disables all other \s-1OK\s0 bits. Will also turn off the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvPOK_only(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPOK_only_UTF8" 8 .IX Xref "SvPOK_only_UTF8" .IX Item "SvPOK_only_UTF8" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is a string and disables all other \s-1OK\s0 bits, and leaves the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status as it was. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvPOK_only_UTF8(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPV" 8 .IX Xref "SvPV" .IX Item "SvPV" Returns a pointer to the string in the \s-1SV\s0, or a stringified form of the \s-1SV\s0 if the \s-1SV\s0 does not contain a string. The \s-1SV\s0 may cache the stringified version becoming \f(CW\*(C`SvPOK\*(C'\fR. Handles 'get' magic. See also \&\f(CW\*(C`SvPVx\*(C'\fR for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPV(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVbyte" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVbyte" .IX Item "SvPVbyte" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVbytex" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVbytex" .IX Item "SvPVbytex" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVbytex(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVbytex_force" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVbytex_force" .IX Item "SvPVbytex_force" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte_force\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVbytex_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVbyte_force" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVbyte_force" .IX Item "SvPVbyte_force" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVbyte_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVbyte_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVbyte_nolen" .IX Item "SvPVbyte_nolen" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_nolen\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to byte representation first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVbyte_nolen(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPVutf8" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVutf8" .IX Item "SvPVutf8" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVutf8x" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVutf8x" .IX Item "SvPVutf8x" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVutf8x(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVutf8x_force" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVutf8x_force" .IX Item "SvPVutf8x_force" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once; use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8_force\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVutf8x_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVutf8_force" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVutf8_force" .IX Item "SvPVutf8_force" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVutf8_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPVutf8_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVutf8_nolen" .IX Item "SvPVutf8_nolen" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_nolen\*(C'\fR, but converts sv to utf8 first if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVutf8_nolen(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPVX" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVX" .IX Item "SvPVX" Returns a pointer to the physical string in the \s-1SV\s0. The \s-1SV\s0 must contain a string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVX(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPVx" 8 .IX Xref "SvPVx" .IX Item "SvPVx" A version of \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR which guarantees to evaluate sv only once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPVx(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPV_force" 8 .IX Xref "SvPV_force" .IX Item "SvPV_force" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR but will force the \s-1SV\s0 into containing just a string (\f(CW\*(C`SvPOK_only\*(C'\fR). You want force if you are going to update the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVX\*(C'\fR directly. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPV_force(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPV_force_nomg" 8 .IX Xref "SvPV_force_nomg" .IX Item "SvPV_force_nomg" Like \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR but will force the \s-1SV\s0 into containing just a string (\f(CW\*(C`SvPOK_only\*(C'\fR). You want force if you are going to update the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVX\*(C'\fR directly. Doesn't process magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPV_force_nomg(SV* sv, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "SvPV_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "SvPV_nolen" .IX Item "SvPV_nolen" Returns a pointer to the string in the \s-1SV\s0, or a stringified form of the \s-1SV\s0 if the \s-1SV\s0 does not contain a string. The \s-1SV\s0 may cache the stringified form becoming \f(CW\*(C`SvPOK\*(C'\fR. Handles 'get' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* SvPV_nolen(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvPV_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvPV_set" .IX Item "SvPV_set" Set the value of the \s-1PV\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvPV_set(SV* sv, char* val) .Ve .IP "SvREFCNT" 8 .IX Xref "SvREFCNT" .IX Item "SvREFCNT" Returns the value of the object's reference count. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U32 SvREFCNT(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvREFCNT_dec" 8 .IX Xref "SvREFCNT_dec" .IX Item "SvREFCNT_dec" Decrements the reference count of the given \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvREFCNT_dec(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvREFCNT_inc" 8 .IX Xref "SvREFCNT_inc" .IX Item "SvREFCNT_inc" Increments the reference count of the given \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* SvREFCNT_inc(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvROK" 8 .IX Xref "SvROK" .IX Item "SvROK" Tests if the \s-1SV\s0 is an \s-1RV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvROK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvROK_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvROK_off" .IX Item "SvROK_off" Unsets the \s-1RV\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvROK_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvROK_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvROK_on" .IX Item "SvROK_on" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 that it is an \s-1RV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvROK_on(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvRV" 8 .IX Xref "SvRV" .IX Item "SvRV" Dereferences an \s-1RV\s0 to return the \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* SvRV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvRV_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvRV_set" .IX Item "SvRV_set" Set the value of the \s-1RV\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvRV_set(SV* sv, SV* val) .Ve .IP "SvSTASH" 8 .IX Xref "SvSTASH" .IX Item "SvSTASH" Returns the stash of the \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& HV* SvSTASH(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvSTASH_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvSTASH_set" .IX Item "SvSTASH_set" Set the value of the \s-1STASH\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvSTASH_set(SV* sv, STASH* val) .Ve .IP "SvTAINT" 8 .IX Xref "SvTAINT" .IX Item "SvTAINT" Taints an \s-1SV\s0 if tainting is enabled. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvTAINT(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvTAINTED" 8 .IX Xref "SvTAINTED" .IX Item "SvTAINTED" Checks to see if an \s-1SV\s0 is tainted. Returns \s-1TRUE\s0 if it is, \s-1FALSE\s0 if not. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvTAINTED(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvTAINTED_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvTAINTED_off" .IX Item "SvTAINTED_off" Untaints an \s-1SV\s0. Be \fIvery\fR careful with this routine, as it short-circuits some of Perl's fundamental security features. \s-1XS\s0 module authors should not use this function unless they fully understand all the implications of unconditionally untainting the value. Untainting should be done in the standard perl fashion, via a carefully crafted regexp, rather than directly untainting variables. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvTAINTED_off(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvTAINTED_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvTAINTED_on" .IX Item "SvTAINTED_on" Marks an \s-1SV\s0 as tainted if tainting is enabled. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvTAINTED_on(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvTRUE" 8 .IX Xref "SvTRUE" .IX Item "SvTRUE" Returns a boolean indicating whether Perl would evaluate the \s-1SV\s0 as true or false, defined or undefined. Does not handle 'get' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvTRUE(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvTYPE" 8 .IX Xref "SvTYPE" .IX Item "SvTYPE" Returns the type of the \s-1SV\s0. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& svtype SvTYPE(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUOK" 8 .IX Xref "SvUOK" .IX Item "SvUOK" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains an unsigned integer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUOK(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUPGRADE" 8 .IX Xref "SvUPGRADE" .IX Item "SvUPGRADE" Used to upgrade an \s-1SV\s0 to a more complex form. Uses \f(CW\*(C`sv_upgrade\*(C'\fR to perform the upgrade if necessary. See \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUPGRADE(SV* sv, svtype type) .Ve .IP "SvUTF8" 8 .IX Xref "SvUTF8" .IX Item "SvUTF8" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 contains \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded data. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool SvUTF8(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUTF8_off" 8 .IX Xref "SvUTF8_off" .IX Item "SvUTF8_off" Unsets the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUTF8_off(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "SvUTF8_on" 8 .IX Xref "SvUTF8_on" .IX Item "SvUTF8_on" Turn on the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status of an \s-1SV\s0 (the data is not changed, just the flag). Do not use frivolously. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUTF8_on(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "SvUV" 8 .IX Xref "SvUV" .IX Item "SvUV" Coerces the given \s-1SV\s0 to an unsigned integer and returns it. See \f(CW\*(C`SvUVx\*(C'\fR for a version which guarantees to evaluate sv only once. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV SvUV(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUVX" 8 .IX Xref "SvUVX" .IX Item "SvUVX" Returns the raw value in the \s-1SV\s0's \s-1UV\s0 slot, without checks or conversions. Only use when you are sure SvIOK is true. See also \f(CW\*(C`SvUV()\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV SvUVX(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUVx" 8 .IX Xref "SvUVx" .IX Item "SvUVx" Coerces the given \s-1SV\s0 to an unsigned integer and returns it. Guarantees to evaluate sv only once. Use the more efficient \f(CW\*(C`SvUV\*(C'\fR otherwise. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV SvUVx(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "SvUV_set" 8 .IX Xref "SvUV_set" .IX Item "SvUV_set" Set the value of the \s-1UV\s0 pointer in sv to val. See \f(CW\*(C`SvIV_set\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void SvUV_set(SV* sv, UV val) .Ve .IP "sv_2bool" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2bool" .IX Item "sv_2bool" This function is only called on magical items, and is only used by \&\fIsv_true()\fR or its macro equivalent. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_2bool(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2cv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2cv" .IX Item "sv_2cv" Using various gambits, try to get a \s-1CV\s0 from an \s-1SV\s0; in addition, try if possible to set \f(CW*st\fR and \f(CW*gvp\fR to the stash and \s-1GV\s0 associated with it. .Sp .Vb 1 \& CV* sv_2cv(SV* sv, HV** st, GV** gvp, I32 lref) .Ve .IP "sv_2io" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2io" .IX Item "sv_2io" Using various gambits, try to get an \s-1IO\s0 from an \s-1SV:\s0 the \s-1IO\s0 slot if its a \&\s-1GV\s0; or the recursive result if we're an \s-1RV\s0; or the \s-1IO\s0 slot of the symbol named after the \s-1PV\s0 if we're a string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IO* sv_2io(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2iv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2iv" .IX Item "sv_2iv" Return the integer value of an \s-1SV\s0, doing any necessary string conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the \f(CW\*(C`SvIV(sv)\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SvIVx(sv)\*(C'\fR macros. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV sv_2iv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2mortal" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2mortal" .IX Item "sv_2mortal" Marks an existing \s-1SV\s0 as mortal. The \s-1SV\s0 will be destroyed \*(L"soon\*(R", either by an explicit call to \s-1FREETMPS\s0, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries. \fISvTEMP()\fR is turned on which means that the \s-1SV\s0's string buffer can be \*(L"stolen\*(R" if this \s-1SV\s0 is copied. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_newmortal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_mortalcopy\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_2mortal(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2nv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2nv" .IX Item "sv_2nv" Return the num value of an \s-1SV\s0, doing any necessary string or integer conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the \f(CW\*(C`SvNV(sv)\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SvNVx(sv)\*(C'\fR macros. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV sv_2nv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2pvbyte" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pvbyte" .IX Item "sv_2pvbyte" Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the \s-1SV\s0, and set *lp to its length. May cause the \s-1SV\s0 to be downgraded from \s-1UTF\-8\s0 as a side\-effect. .Sp Usually accessed via the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_2pvbyte(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp) .Ve .IP "sv_2pvbyte_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pvbyte_nolen" .IX Item "sv_2pvbyte_nolen" Return a pointer to the byte-encoded representation of the \s-1SV\s0. May cause the \s-1SV\s0 to be downgraded from \s-1UTF\-8\s0 as a side\-effect. .Sp Usually accessed via the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte_nolen\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_2pvbyte_nolen(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2pvutf8" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pvutf8" .IX Item "sv_2pvutf8" Return a pointer to the UTF\-8\-encoded representation of the \s-1SV\s0, and set *lp to its length. May cause the \s-1SV\s0 to be upgraded to \s-1UTF\-8\s0 as a side\-effect. .Sp Usually accessed via the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_2pvutf8(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp) .Ve .IP "sv_2pvutf8_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pvutf8_nolen" .IX Item "sv_2pvutf8_nolen" Return a pointer to the UTF\-8\-encoded representation of the \s-1SV\s0. May cause the \s-1SV\s0 to be upgraded to \s-1UTF\-8\s0 as a side\-effect. .Sp Usually accessed via the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8_nolen\*(C'\fR macro. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_2pvutf8_nolen(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_2pv_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pv_flags" .IX Item "sv_2pv_flags" Returns a pointer to the string value of an \s-1SV\s0, and sets *lp to its length. If flags includes \s-1SV_GMAGIC\s0, does an \fImg_get()\fR first. Coerces sv to a string if necessary. Normally invoked via the \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_flags\*(C'\fR macro. \f(CW\*(C`sv_2pv()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_2pv_nomg\*(C'\fR usually end up here too. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_2pv_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_2pv_nolen" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2pv_nolen" .IX Item "sv_2pv_nolen" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_2pv()\*(C'\fR, but doesn't return the length too. You should usually use the macro wrapper \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_nolen(sv)\*(C'\fR instead. char* sv_2pv_nolen(SV* sv) .IP "sv_2uv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_2uv" .IX Item "sv_2uv" Return the unsigned integer value of an \s-1SV\s0, doing any necessary string conversion, magic etc. Normally used via the \f(CW\*(C`SvUV(sv)\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SvUVx(sv)\*(C'\fR macros. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV sv_2uv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_backoff" 8 .IX Xref "sv_backoff" .IX Item "sv_backoff" Remove any string offset. You should normally use the \f(CW\*(C`SvOOK_off\*(C'\fR macro wrapper instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int sv_backoff(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_bless" 8 .IX Xref "sv_bless" .IX Item "sv_bless" Blesses an \s-1SV\s0 into a specified package. The \s-1SV\s0 must be an \s-1RV\s0. The package must be designated by its stash (see \f(CW\*(C`gv_stashpv()\*(C'\fR). The reference count of the \s-1SV\s0 is unaffected. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_bless(SV* sv, HV* stash) .Ve .IP "sv_catpv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpv" .IX Item "sv_catpv" Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. If the \s-1SV\s0 has the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvf" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvf" .IX Item "sv_catpvf" Processes its arguments like \f(CW\*(C`sprintf\*(C'\fR and appends the formatted output to an \s-1SV\s0. If the appended data contains \*(L"wide\*(R" characters (including, but not limited to, SVs with a \s-1UTF\-8\s0 \s-1PV\s0 formatted with \f(CW%s\fR, and characters >255 formatted with \f(CW%c\fR), the original \s-1SV\s0 might get upgraded to \s-1UTF\-8\s0. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See \&\f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. If the original \s-1SV\s0 was \s-1UTF\-8\s0, the pattern should be valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0; if the original \s-1SV\s0 was bytes, the pattern should be too. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvf_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvf_mg" .IX Item "sv_catpvf_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvn" .IX Item "sv_catpvn" Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. The \&\f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates number of bytes to copy. If the \s-1SV\s0 has the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvn_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvn_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvn_flags" .IX Item "sv_catpvn_flags" Concatenates the string onto the end of the string which is in the \s-1SV\s0. The \&\f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR indicates number of bytes to copy. If the \s-1SV\s0 has the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 status set, then the bytes appended should be valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0. If \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR has \f(CW\*(C`SV_GMAGIC\*(C'\fR bit set, will \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on \f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR if appropriate, else not. \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvn\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvn_nomg\*(C'\fR are implemented in terms of this function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvn_flags(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvn_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvn_mg" .IX Item "sv_catpvn_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvn\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_catpvn_nomg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpvn_nomg" .IX Item "sv_catpvn_nomg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvn\*(C'\fR but doesn't process magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpvn_nomg(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_catpv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catpv_mg" .IX Item "sv_catpv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr) .Ve .IP "sv_catsv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catsv" .IX Item "sv_catsv" Concatenates the string from \s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR onto the end of the string in \&\s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR. Modifies \f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR but not \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR. Handles 'get' magic, but not 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_catsv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "sv_catsv_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catsv_flags" .IX Item "sv_catsv_flags" Concatenates the string from \s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR onto the end of the string in \&\s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR. Modifies \f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR but not \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR. If \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR has \f(CW\*(C`SV_GMAGIC\*(C'\fR bit set, will \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on the SVs if appropriate, else not. \f(CW\*(C`sv_catsv\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_catsv_nomg\*(C'\fR are implemented in terms of this function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_catsv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catsv_mg" .IX Item "sv_catsv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catsv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr) .Ve .IP "sv_catsv_nomg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_catsv_nomg" .IX Item "sv_catsv_nomg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catsv\*(C'\fR but doesn't process magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_catsv_nomg(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "sv_chop" 8 .IX Xref "sv_chop" .IX Item "sv_chop" Efficient removal of characters from the beginning of the string buffer. SvPOK(sv) must be true and the \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR must be a pointer to somewhere inside the string buffer. The \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR becomes the first character of the adjusted string. Uses the \*(L"\s-1OOK\s0 hack\*(R". Beware: after this function returns, \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR and SvPVX_const(sv) may no longer refer to the same chunk of data. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_chop(SV* sv, char* ptr) .Ve .IP "sv_clear" 8 .IX Xref "sv_clear" .IX Item "sv_clear" Clear an \s-1SV:\s0 call any destructors, free up any memory used by the body, and free the body itself. The \s-1SV\s0's head is \fInot\fR freed, although its type is set to all 1's so that it won't inadvertently be assumed to be live during global destruction etc. This function should only be called when \s-1REFCNT\s0 is zero. Most of the time you'll want to call \f(CW\*(C`sv_free()\*(C'\fR (or its macro wrapper \f(CW\*(C`SvREFCNT_dec\*(C'\fR) instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_clear(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_cmp" 8 .IX Xref "sv_cmp" .IX Item "sv_cmp" Compares the strings in two SVs. Returns \-1, 0, or 1 indicating whether the string in \f(CW\*(C`sv1\*(C'\fR is less than, equal to, or greater than the string in \&\f(CW\*(C`sv2\*(C'\fR. Is \s-1UTF\-8\s0 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_cmp_locale\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 sv_cmp(SV* sv1, SV* sv2) .Ve .IP "sv_cmp_locale" 8 .IX Xref "sv_cmp_locale" .IX Item "sv_cmp_locale" Compares the strings in two SVs in a locale-aware manner. Is \s-1UTF\-8\s0 and \&'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings if necessary. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_cmp_locale\*(C'\fR. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_cmp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 sv_cmp_locale(SV* sv1, SV* sv2) .Ve .IP "sv_collxfrm" 8 .IX Xref "sv_collxfrm" .IX Item "sv_collxfrm" Add Collate Transform magic to an \s-1SV\s0 if it doesn't already have it. .Sp Any scalar variable may carry PERL_MAGIC_collxfrm magic that contains the scalar data of the variable, but transformed to such a format that a normal memory comparison can be used to compare the data according to the locale settings. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_collxfrm(SV* sv, STRLEN* nxp) .Ve .IP "sv_copypv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_copypv" .IX Item "sv_copypv" Copies a stringified representation of the source \s-1SV\s0 into the destination \s-1SV\s0. Automatically performs any necessary mg_get and coercion of numeric values into strings. Guaranteed to preserve \&\s-1UTF\-8\s0 flag even from overloaded objects. Similar in nature to sv_2pv[_flags] but operates directly on an \s-1SV\s0 instead of just the string. Mostly uses sv_2pv_flags to do its work, except when that would lose the \s-1UTF\-8\s0'ness of the \s-1PV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_copypv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "sv_dec" 8 .IX Xref "sv_dec" .IX Item "sv_dec" Auto-decrement of the value in the \s-1SV\s0, doing string to numeric conversion if necessary. Handles 'get' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_dec(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_derived_from" 8 .IX Xref "sv_derived_from" .IX Item "sv_derived_from" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 is derived from the specified class. This is the function that implements \f(CW\*(C`UNIVERSAL::isa\*(C'\fR. It works for class names as well as for objects. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_derived_from(SV* sv, const char* name) .Ve .IP "sv_eq" 8 .IX Xref "sv_eq" .IX Item "sv_eq" Returns a boolean indicating whether the strings in the two SVs are identical. Is \s-1UTF\-8\s0 and 'use bytes' aware, handles get magic, and will coerce its args to strings if necessary. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 sv_eq(SV* sv1, SV* sv2) .Ve .IP "sv_force_normal" 8 .IX Xref "sv_force_normal" .IX Item "sv_force_normal" Undo various types of fakery on an \s-1SV:\s0 if the \s-1PV\s0 is a shared string, make a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to an xpvmg. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_force_normal_flags\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_force_normal(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_force_normal_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_force_normal_flags" .IX Item "sv_force_normal_flags" Undo various types of fakery on an \s-1SV:\s0 if the \s-1PV\s0 is a shared string, make a private copy; if we're a ref, stop refing; if we're a glob, downgrade to an xpvmg. The \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR parameter gets passed to \f(CW\*(C`sv_unref_flags()\*(C'\fR when unrefing. \f(CW\*(C`sv_force_normal\*(C'\fR calls this function with flags set to 0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_force_normal_flags(SV *sv, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_free" 8 .IX Xref "sv_free" .IX Item "sv_free" Decrement an \s-1SV\s0's reference count, and if it drops to zero, call \&\f(CW\*(C`sv_clear\*(C'\fR to invoke destructors and free up any memory used by the body; finally, deallocate the \s-1SV\s0's head itself. Normally called via a wrapper macro \f(CW\*(C`SvREFCNT_dec\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_free(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_gets" 8 .IX Xref "sv_gets" .IX Item "sv_gets" Get a line from the filehandle and store it into the \s-1SV\s0, optionally appending to the currently-stored string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_gets(SV* sv, PerlIO* fp, I32 append) .Ve .IP "sv_grow" 8 .IX Xref "sv_grow" .IX Item "sv_grow" Expands the character buffer in the \s-1SV\s0. If necessary, uses \f(CW\*(C`sv_unref\*(C'\fR and upgrades the \s-1SV\s0 to \f(CW\*(C`SVt_PV\*(C'\fR. Returns a pointer to the character buffer. Use the \f(CW\*(C`SvGROW\*(C'\fR wrapper instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_grow(SV* sv, STRLEN newlen) .Ve .IP "sv_inc" 8 .IX Xref "sv_inc" .IX Item "sv_inc" Auto-increment of the value in the \s-1SV\s0, doing string to numeric conversion if necessary. Handles 'get' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_inc(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_insert" 8 .IX Xref "sv_insert" .IX Item "sv_insert" Inserts a string at the specified offset/length within the \s-1SV\s0. Similar to the Perl \fIsubstr()\fR function. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_insert(SV* bigsv, STRLEN offset, STRLEN len, char* little, STRLEN littlelen) .Ve .IP "sv_isa" 8 .IX Xref "sv_isa" .IX Item "sv_isa" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 is blessed into the specified class. This does not check for subtypes; use \f(CW\*(C`sv_derived_from\*(C'\fR to verify an inheritance relationship. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int sv_isa(SV* sv, const char* name) .Ve .IP "sv_isobject" 8 .IX Xref "sv_isobject" .IX Item "sv_isobject" Returns a boolean indicating whether the \s-1SV\s0 is an \s-1RV\s0 pointing to a blessed object. If the \s-1SV\s0 is not an \s-1RV\s0, or if the object is not blessed, then this will return false. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int sv_isobject(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_iv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_iv" .IX Item "sv_iv" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvIVx\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV sv_iv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_len" 8 .IX Xref "sv_len" .IX Item "sv_len" Returns the length of the string in the \s-1SV\s0. Handles magic and type coercion. See also \f(CW\*(C`SvCUR\*(C'\fR, which gives raw access to the xpv_cur slot. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN sv_len(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_len_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "sv_len_utf8" .IX Item "sv_len_utf8" Returns the number of characters in the string in an \s-1SV\s0, counting wide \&\s-1UTF\-8\s0 bytes as a single character. Handles magic and type coercion. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN sv_len_utf8(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_magic" 8 .IX Xref "sv_magic" .IX Item "sv_magic" Adds magic to an \s-1SV\s0. First upgrades \f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR to type \f(CW\*(C`SVt_PVMG\*(C'\fR if necessary, then adds a new magic item of type \f(CW\*(C`how\*(C'\fR to the head of the magic list. .Sp See \f(CW\*(C`sv_magicext\*(C'\fR (which \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR now calls) for a description of the handling of the \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`namlen\*(C'\fR arguments. .Sp You need to use \f(CW\*(C`sv_magicext\*(C'\fR to add magic to SvREADONLY SVs and also to add more than one instance of the same 'how'. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_magic(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, const char* name, I32 namlen) .Ve .IP "sv_magicext" 8 .IX Xref "sv_magicext" .IX Item "sv_magicext" Adds magic to an \s-1SV\s0, upgrading it if necessary. Applies the supplied vtable and returns a pointer to the magic added. .Sp Note that \f(CW\*(C`sv_magicext\*(C'\fR will allow things that \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR will not. In particular, you can add magic to SvREADONLY SVs, and add more than one instance of the same 'how'. .Sp If \f(CW\*(C`namlen\*(C'\fR is greater than zero then a \f(CW\*(C`savepvn\*(C'\fR \fIcopy\fR of \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR is stored, if \f(CW\*(C`namlen\*(C'\fR is zero then \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR is stored as-is and \- as another special case \- if \f(CW\*(C`(name && namlen == HEf_SVKEY)\*(C'\fR then \f(CW\*(C`name\*(C'\fR is assumed to contain an \f(CW\*(C`SV*\*(C'\fR and is stored as-is with its \s-1REFCNT\s0 incremented. .Sp (This is now used as a subroutine by \f(CW\*(C`sv_magic\*(C'\fR.) .Sp .Vb 1 \& MAGIC * sv_magicext(SV* sv, SV* obj, int how, MGVTBL *vtbl, const char* name, I32 namlen) .Ve .IP "sv_mortalcopy" 8 .IX Xref "sv_mortalcopy" .IX Item "sv_mortalcopy" Creates a new \s-1SV\s0 which is a copy of the original \s-1SV\s0 (using \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR). The new \s-1SV\s0 is marked as mortal. It will be destroyed \*(L"soon\*(R", either by an explicit call to \s-1FREETMPS\s0, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_newmortal\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_2mortal\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_mortalcopy(SV* oldsv) .Ve .IP "sv_newmortal" 8 .IX Xref "sv_newmortal" .IX Item "sv_newmortal" Creates a new null \s-1SV\s0 which is mortal. The reference count of the \s-1SV\s0 is set to 1. It will be destroyed \*(L"soon\*(R", either by an explicit call to \&\s-1FREETMPS\s0, or by an implicit call at places such as statement boundaries. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_mortalcopy\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_2mortal\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_newmortal() .Ve .IP "sv_newref" 8 .IX Xref "sv_newref" .IX Item "sv_newref" Increment an \s-1SV\s0's reference count. Use the \f(CW\*(C`SvREFCNT_inc()\*(C'\fR wrapper instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_newref(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_nv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_nv" .IX Item "sv_nv" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvNVx\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& NV sv_nv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_pos_b2u" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pos_b2u" .IX Item "sv_pos_b2u" Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of bytes from the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of \s-1UTF\-8\s0 chars. Handles magic and type coercion. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_pos_b2u(SV* sv, I32* offsetp) .Ve .IP "sv_pos_u2b" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pos_u2b" .IX Item "sv_pos_u2b" Converts the value pointed to by offsetp from a count of \s-1UTF\-8\s0 chars from the start of the string, to a count of the equivalent number of bytes; if lenp is non\-zero, it does the same to lenp, but this time starting from the offset, rather than from the start of the string. Handles magic and type coercion. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_pos_u2b(SV* sv, I32* offsetp, I32* lenp) .Ve .IP "sv_pv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pv" .IX Item "sv_pv" Use the \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_nolen\*(C'\fR macro instead .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pv(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_pvbyte" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvbyte" .IX Item "sv_pvbyte" Use \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte_nolen\*(C'\fR instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvbyte(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_pvbyten" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvbyten" .IX Item "sv_pvbyten" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbyte\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvbyten(SV *sv, STRLEN *len) .Ve .IP "sv_pvbyten_force" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvbyten_force" .IX Item "sv_pvbyten_force" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVbytex_force\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvbyten_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp) .Ve .IP "sv_pvn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvn" .IX Item "sv_pvn" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPV\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvn(SV *sv, STRLEN *len) .Ve .IP "sv_pvn_force" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvn_force" .IX Item "sv_pvn_force" Get a sensible string out of the \s-1SV\s0 somehow. A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvn_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp) .Ve .IP "sv_pvn_force_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvn_force_flags" .IX Item "sv_pvn_force_flags" Get a sensible string out of the \s-1SV\s0 somehow. If \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR has \f(CW\*(C`SV_GMAGIC\*(C'\fR bit set, will \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on \f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR if appropriate, else not. \f(CW\*(C`sv_pvn_force\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_pvn_force_nomg\*(C'\fR are implemented in terms of this function. You normally want to use the various wrapper macros instead: see \&\f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`SvPV_force_nomg\*(C'\fR .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvn_force_flags(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_pvutf8" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvutf8" .IX Item "sv_pvutf8" Use the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8_nolen\*(C'\fR macro instead .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvutf8(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_pvutf8n" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvutf8n" .IX Item "sv_pvutf8n" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvutf8n(SV *sv, STRLEN *len) .Ve .IP "sv_pvutf8n_force" 8 .IX Xref "sv_pvutf8n_force" .IX Item "sv_pvutf8n_force" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvPVutf8_force\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_pvutf8n_force(SV* sv, STRLEN* lp) .Ve .IP "sv_reftype" 8 .IX Xref "sv_reftype" .IX Item "sv_reftype" Returns a string describing what the \s-1SV\s0 is a reference to. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_reftype(SV* sv, int ob) .Ve .IP "sv_replace" 8 .IX Xref "sv_replace" .IX Item "sv_replace" Make the first argument a copy of the second, then delete the original. The target \s-1SV\s0 physically takes over ownership of the body of the source \s-1SV\s0 and inherits its flags; however, the target keeps any magic it owns, and any magic in the source is discarded. Note that this is a rather specialist \s-1SV\s0 copying operation; most of the time you'll want to use \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR or one of its many macro front\-ends. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_replace(SV* sv, SV* nsv) .Ve .IP "sv_report_used" 8 .IX Xref "sv_report_used" .IX Item "sv_report_used" Dump the contents of all SVs not yet freed. (Debugging aid). .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_report_used() .Ve .IP "sv_reset" 8 .IX Xref "sv_reset" .IX Item "sv_reset" Underlying implementation for the \f(CW\*(C`reset\*(C'\fR Perl function. Note that the perl-level function is vaguely deprecated. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_reset(char* s, HV* stash) .Ve .IP "sv_rvweaken" 8 .IX Xref "sv_rvweaken" .IX Item "sv_rvweaken" Weaken a reference: set the \f(CW\*(C`SvWEAKREF\*(C'\fR flag on this \s-1RV\s0; give the referred-to \s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`PERL_MAGIC_backref\*(C'\fR magic if it hasn't already; and push a back-reference to this \s-1RV\s0 onto the array of backreferences associated with that magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_rvweaken(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_setiv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setiv" .IX Item "sv_setiv" Copies an integer into the given \s-1SV\s0, upgrading first if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_setiv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setiv(SV* sv, IV num) .Ve .IP "sv_setiv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setiv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setiv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setiv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setiv_mg(SV *sv, IV i) .Ve .IP "sv_setnv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setnv" .IX Item "sv_setnv" Copies a double into the given \s-1SV\s0, upgrading first if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_setnv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setnv(SV* sv, NV num) .Ve .IP "sv_setnv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setnv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setnv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setnv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setnv_mg(SV *sv, NV num) .Ve .IP "sv_setpv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpv" .IX Item "sv_setpv" Copies a string into an \s-1SV\s0. The string must be null\-terminated. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpv(SV* sv, const char* ptr) .Ve .IP "sv_setpvf" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpvf" .IX Item "sv_setpvf" Works like \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf\*(C'\fR but copies the text into the \s-1SV\s0 instead of appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "sv_setpvf_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpvf_mg" .IX Item "sv_setpvf_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvf\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpvf_mg(SV *sv, const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "sv_setpviv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpviv" .IX Item "sv_setpviv" Copies an integer into the given \s-1SV\s0, also updating its string value. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpviv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpviv(SV* sv, IV num) .Ve .IP "sv_setpviv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpviv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setpviv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpviv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpviv_mg(SV *sv, IV iv) .Ve .IP "sv_setpvn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpvn" .IX Item "sv_setpvn" Copies a string into an \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR parameter indicates the number of bytes to be copied. If the \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR argument is \s-1NULL\s0 the \s-1SV\s0 will become undefined. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvn_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpvn(SV* sv, const char* ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_setpvn_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpvn_mg" .IX Item "sv_setpvn_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvn\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpvn_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_setpv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setpv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setpv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setpv_mg(SV *sv, const char *ptr) .Ve .IP "sv_setref_iv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setref_iv" .IX Item "sv_setref_iv" Copies an integer into a new \s-1SV\s0, optionally blessing the \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR argument will be upgraded to an \s-1RV\s0. That \s-1RV\s0 will be modified to point to the new \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to avoid the blessing. The new \s-1SV\s0 will have a reference count of 1, and the \s-1RV\s0 will be returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_setref_iv(SV* rv, const char* classname, IV iv) .Ve .IP "sv_setref_nv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setref_nv" .IX Item "sv_setref_nv" Copies a double into a new \s-1SV\s0, optionally blessing the \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR argument will be upgraded to an \s-1RV\s0. That \s-1RV\s0 will be modified to point to the new \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to avoid the blessing. The new \s-1SV\s0 will have a reference count of 1, and the \s-1RV\s0 will be returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_setref_nv(SV* rv, const char* classname, NV nv) .Ve .IP "sv_setref_pv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setref_pv" .IX Item "sv_setref_pv" Copies a pointer into a new \s-1SV\s0, optionally blessing the \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR argument will be upgraded to an \s-1RV\s0. That \s-1RV\s0 will be modified to point to the new \s-1SV\s0. If the \f(CW\*(C`pv\*(C'\fR argument is \s-1NULL\s0 then \f(CW\*(C`PL_sv_undef\*(C'\fR will be placed into the \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to avoid the blessing. The new \s-1SV\s0 will have a reference count of 1, and the \s-1RV\s0 will be returned. .Sp Do not use with other Perl types such as \s-1HV\s0, \s-1AV\s0, \s-1SV\s0, \s-1CV\s0, because those objects will become corrupted by the pointer copy process. .Sp Note that \f(CW\*(C`sv_setref_pvn\*(C'\fR copies the string while this copies the pointer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_setref_pv(SV* rv, const char* classname, void* pv) .Ve .IP "sv_setref_pvn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setref_pvn" .IX Item "sv_setref_pvn" Copies a string into a new \s-1SV\s0, optionally blessing the \s-1SV\s0. The length of the string must be specified with \f(CW\*(C`n\*(C'\fR. The \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR argument will be upgraded to an \s-1RV\s0. That \s-1RV\s0 will be modified to point to the new \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR to \&\f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to avoid the blessing. The new \s-1SV\s0 will have a reference count of 1, and the \s-1RV\s0 will be returned. .Sp Note that \f(CW\*(C`sv_setref_pv\*(C'\fR copies the pointer while this copies the string. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_setref_pvn(SV* rv, const char* classname, char* pv, STRLEN n) .Ve .IP "sv_setref_uv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setref_uv" .IX Item "sv_setref_uv" Copies an unsigned integer into a new \s-1SV\s0, optionally blessing the \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`rv\*(C'\fR argument will be upgraded to an \s-1RV\s0. That \s-1RV\s0 will be modified to point to the new \s-1SV\s0. The \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR argument indicates the package for the blessing. Set \f(CW\*(C`classname\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to avoid the blessing. The new \s-1SV\s0 will have a reference count of 1, and the \s-1RV\s0 will be returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* sv_setref_uv(SV* rv, const char* classname, UV uv) .Ve .IP "sv_setsv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setsv" .IX Item "sv_setsv" Copies the contents of the source \s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR into the destination \s-1SV\s0 \&\f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR. The source \s-1SV\s0 may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this function if the source \s-1SV\s0 needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic. Loosely speaking, it performs a copy\-by\-value, obliterating any previous content of the destination. .Sp You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as \&\f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV_nosteal\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`SvSetMagicSV\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`SvSetMagicSV_nosteal\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setsv(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "sv_setsv_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setsv_flags" .IX Item "sv_setsv_flags" Copies the contents of the source \s-1SV\s0 \f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR into the destination \s-1SV\s0 \&\f(CW\*(C`dsv\*(C'\fR. The source \s-1SV\s0 may be destroyed if it is mortal, so don't use this function if the source \s-1SV\s0 needs to be reused. Does not handle 'set' magic. Loosely speaking, it performs a copy\-by\-value, obliterating any previous content of the destination. If the \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR parameter has the \f(CW\*(C`SV_GMAGIC\*(C'\fR bit set, will \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on \&\f(CW\*(C`ssv\*(C'\fR if appropriate, else not. If the \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR parameter has the \&\f(CW\*(C`NOSTEAL\*(C'\fR bit set then the buffers of temps will not be stolen. and \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv_nomg\*(C'\fR are implemented in terms of this function. .Sp You probably want to use one of the assortment of wrappers, such as \&\f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`SvSetSV_nosteal\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`SvSetMagicSV\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`SvSetMagicSV_nosteal\*(C'\fR. .Sp This is the primary function for copying scalars, and most other copy-ish functions and macros use this underneath. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setsv_flags(SV* dsv, SV* ssv, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_setsv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setsv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setsv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setsv_mg(SV *dstr, SV *sstr) .Ve .IP "sv_setsv_nomg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setsv_nomg" .IX Item "sv_setsv_nomg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setsv\*(C'\fR but doesn't process magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setsv_nomg(SV* dsv, SV* ssv) .Ve .IP "sv_setuv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setuv" .IX Item "sv_setuv" Copies an unsigned integer into the given \s-1SV\s0, upgrading first if necessary. Does not handle 'set' magic. See also \f(CW\*(C`sv_setuv_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setuv(SV* sv, UV num) .Ve .IP "sv_setuv_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_setuv_mg" .IX Item "sv_setuv_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_setuv\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_setuv_mg(SV *sv, UV u) .Ve .IP "sv_taint" 8 .IX Xref "sv_taint" .IX Item "sv_taint" Taint an \s-1SV\s0. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvTAINTED_on\*(C'\fR instead. void sv_taint(SV* sv) .IP "sv_tainted" 8 .IX Xref "sv_tainted" .IX Item "sv_tainted" Test an \s-1SV\s0 for taintedness. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvTAINTED\*(C'\fR instead. bool sv_tainted(SV* sv) .IP "sv_true" 8 .IX Xref "sv_true" .IX Item "sv_true" Returns true if the \s-1SV\s0 has a true value by Perl's rules. Use the \f(CW\*(C`SvTRUE\*(C'\fR macro instead, which may call \f(CW\*(C`sv_true()\*(C'\fR or may instead use an in-line version. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 sv_true(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_unmagic" 8 .IX Xref "sv_unmagic" .IX Item "sv_unmagic" Removes all magic of type \f(CW\*(C`type\*(C'\fR from an \s-1SV\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& int sv_unmagic(SV* sv, int type) .Ve .IP "sv_unref" 8 .IX Xref "sv_unref" .IX Item "sv_unref" Unsets the \s-1RV\s0 status of the \s-1SV\s0, and decrements the reference count of whatever was being referenced by the \s-1RV\s0. This can almost be thought of as a reversal of \f(CW\*(C`newSVrv\*(C'\fR. This is \f(CW\*(C`sv_unref_flags\*(C'\fR with the \f(CW\*(C`flag\*(C'\fR being zero. See \f(CW\*(C`SvROK_off\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_unref(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_unref_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_unref_flags" .IX Item "sv_unref_flags" Unsets the \s-1RV\s0 status of the \s-1SV\s0, and decrements the reference count of whatever was being referenced by the \s-1RV\s0. This can almost be thought of as a reversal of \f(CW\*(C`newSVrv\*(C'\fR. The \f(CW\*(C`cflags\*(C'\fR argument can contain \&\f(CW\*(C`SV_IMMEDIATE_UNREF\*(C'\fR to force the reference count to be decremented (otherwise the decrementing is conditional on the reference count being different from one or the reference being a readonly \s-1SV\s0). See \f(CW\*(C`SvROK_off\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_unref_flags(SV* sv, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_untaint" 8 .IX Xref "sv_untaint" .IX Item "sv_untaint" Untaint an \s-1SV\s0. Use \f(CW\*(C`SvTAINTED_off\*(C'\fR instead. void sv_untaint(SV* sv) .IP "sv_upgrade" 8 .IX Xref "sv_upgrade" .IX Item "sv_upgrade" Upgrade an \s-1SV\s0 to a more complex form. Generally adds a new body type to the \&\s-1SV\s0, then copies across as much information as possible from the old body. You generally want to use the \f(CW\*(C`SvUPGRADE\*(C'\fR macro wrapper. See also \f(CW\*(C`svtype\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_upgrade(SV* sv, U32 mt) .Ve .IP "sv_usepvn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_usepvn" .IX Item "sv_usepvn" Tells an \s-1SV\s0 to use \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR to find its string value. Normally the string is stored inside the \s-1SV\s0 but sv_usepvn allows the \s-1SV\s0 to use an outside string. The \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR should point to memory that was allocated by \f(CW\*(C`malloc\*(C'\fR. The string length, \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR, must be supplied. This function will realloc the memory pointed to by \f(CW\*(C`ptr\*(C'\fR, so that pointer should not be freed or used by the programmer after giving it to sv_usepvn. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_usepvn_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_usepvn(SV* sv, char* ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_usepvn_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_usepvn_mg" .IX Item "sv_usepvn_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_usepvn\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_usepvn_mg(SV *sv, char *ptr, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "sv_utf8_decode" 8 .IX Xref "sv_utf8_decode" .IX Item "sv_utf8_decode" If the \s-1PV\s0 of the \s-1SV\s0 is an octet sequence in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 and contains a multiple-byte character, the \f(CW\*(C`SvUTF8\*(C'\fR flag is turned on so that it looks like a character. If the \s-1PV\s0 contains only single-byte characters, the \f(CW\*(C`SvUTF8\*(C'\fR flag stays being off. Scans \s-1PV\s0 for validity and returns false if the \s-1PV\s0 is invalid \s-1UTF\-8\s0. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_utf8_decode(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_utf8_downgrade" 8 .IX Xref "sv_utf8_downgrade" .IX Item "sv_utf8_downgrade" Attempts to convert the \s-1PV\s0 of an \s-1SV\s0 from characters to bytes. If the \s-1PV\s0 contains a character beyond byte, this conversion will fail; in this case, either returns false or, if \f(CW\*(C`fail_ok\*(C'\fR is not true, croaks. .Sp This is not as a general purpose Unicode to byte encoding interface: use the Encode extension for that. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_utf8_downgrade(SV *sv, bool fail_ok) .Ve .IP "sv_utf8_encode" 8 .IX Xref "sv_utf8_encode" .IX Item "sv_utf8_encode" Converts the \s-1PV\s0 of an \s-1SV\s0 to \s-1UTF\-8\s0, but then turns the \f(CW\*(C`SvUTF8\*(C'\fR flag off so that it looks like octets again. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_utf8_encode(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_utf8_upgrade" 8 .IX Xref "sv_utf8_upgrade" .IX Item "sv_utf8_upgrade" Converts the \s-1PV\s0 of an \s-1SV\s0 to its UTF\-8\-encoded form. Forces the \s-1SV\s0 to string form if it is not already. Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even if all the bytes have hibit clear. .Sp This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface: use the Encode extension for that. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade(SV *sv) .Ve .IP "sv_utf8_upgrade_flags" 8 .IX Xref "sv_utf8_upgrade_flags" .IX Item "sv_utf8_upgrade_flags" Converts the \s-1PV\s0 of an \s-1SV\s0 to its UTF\-8\-encoded form. Forces the \s-1SV\s0 to string form if it is not already. Always sets the SvUTF8 flag to avoid future validity checks even if all the bytes have hibit clear. If \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR has \f(CW\*(C`SV_GMAGIC\*(C'\fR bit set, will \f(CW\*(C`mg_get\*(C'\fR on \f(CW\*(C`sv\*(C'\fR if appropriate, else not. \f(CW\*(C`sv_utf8_upgrade\*(C'\fR and \&\f(CW\*(C`sv_utf8_upgrade_nomg\*(C'\fR are implemented in terms of this function. .Sp This is not as a general purpose byte encoding to Unicode interface: use the Encode extension for that. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN sv_utf8_upgrade_flags(SV *sv, I32 flags) .Ve .IP "sv_uv" 8 .IX Xref "sv_uv" .IX Item "sv_uv" A private implementation of the \f(CW\*(C`SvUVx\*(C'\fR macro for compilers which can't cope with complex macro expressions. Always use the macro instead. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV sv_uv(SV* sv) .Ve .IP "sv_vcatpvf" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vcatpvf" .IX Item "sv_vcatpvf" Processes its arguments like \f(CW\*(C`vsprintf\*(C'\fR and appends the formatted output to an \s-1SV\s0. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp Usually used via its frontend \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vcatpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args) .Ve .IP "sv_vcatpvfn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vcatpvfn" .IX Item "sv_vcatpvfn" Processes its arguments like \f(CW\*(C`vsprintf\*(C'\fR and appends the formatted output to an \s-1SV\s0. Uses an array of SVs if the C style variable argument list is missing (\s-1NULL\s0). When running with taint checks enabled, indicates via \&\f(CW\*(C`maybe_tainted\*(C'\fR if results are untrustworthy (often due to the use of locales). .Sp \&\s-1XXX\s0 Except that it maybe_tainted is never assigned to. .Sp Usually used via one of its frontends \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vcatpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted) .Ve .IP "sv_vcatpvf_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vcatpvf_mg" .IX Item "sv_vcatpvf_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvf\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp Usually used via its frontend \f(CW\*(C`sv_catpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vcatpvf_mg(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args) .Ve .IP "sv_vsetpvf" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vsetpvf" .IX Item "sv_vsetpvf" Works like \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvf\*(C'\fR but copies the text into the \s-1SV\s0 instead of appending it. Does not handle 'set' magic. See \f(CW\*(C`sv_vsetpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp Usually used via its frontend \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvf\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vsetpvf(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args) .Ve .IP "sv_vsetpvfn" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vsetpvfn" .IX Item "sv_vsetpvfn" Works like \f(CW\*(C`sv_vcatpvfn\*(C'\fR but copies the text into the \s-1SV\s0 instead of appending it. .Sp Usually used via one of its frontends \f(CW\*(C`sv_vsetpvf\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`sv_vsetpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vsetpvfn(SV* sv, const char* pat, STRLEN patlen, va_list* args, SV** svargs, I32 svmax, bool *maybe_tainted) .Ve .IP "sv_vsetpvf_mg" 8 .IX Xref "sv_vsetpvf_mg" .IX Item "sv_vsetpvf_mg" Like \f(CW\*(C`sv_vsetpvf\*(C'\fR, but also handles 'set' magic. .Sp Usually used via its frontend \f(CW\*(C`sv_setpvf_mg\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void sv_vsetpvf_mg(SV* sv, const char* pat, va_list* args) .Ve .SH "Unicode Support" .IX Header "Unicode Support" .IP "bytes_from_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "bytes_from_utf8" .IX Item "bytes_from_utf8" Converts a string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR of length \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR from \s-1UTF\-8\s0 into byte encoding. Unlike \f(CW\*(C`utf8_to_bytes\*(C'\fR but like \f(CW\*(C`bytes_to_utf8\*(C'\fR, returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and updates \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR to contain the new length. Returns the original string if no conversion occurs, \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR is unchanged. Do nothing if \f(CW\*(C`is_utf8\*(C'\fR points to 0. Sets \f(CW\*(C`is_utf8\*(C'\fR to 0 if \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR is converted or contains all 7bit characters. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* bytes_from_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len, bool *is_utf8) .Ve .IP "bytes_to_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "bytes_to_utf8" .IX Item "bytes_to_utf8" Converts a string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR of length \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR from \s-1ASCII\s0 into \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding. Returns a pointer to the newly-created string, and sets \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR to reflect the new length. .Sp If you want to convert to \s-1UTF\-8\s0 from other encodings than \s-1ASCII\s0, see \fIsv_recode_to_utf8()\fR. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* bytes_to_utf8(U8 *s, STRLEN *len) .Ve .IP "ibcmp_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "ibcmp_utf8" .IX Item "ibcmp_utf8" Return true if the strings s1 and s2 differ case\-insensitively, false if not (if they are equal case\-insensitively). If u1 is true, the string s1 is assumed to be in UTF\-8\-encoded Unicode. If u2 is true, the string s2 is assumed to be in UTF\-8\-encoded Unicode. If u1 or u2 are false, the respective string is assumed to be in native 8\-bit encoding. .Sp If the pe1 and pe2 are non\-NULL, the scanning pointers will be copied in there (they will point at the beginning of the \fInext\fR character). If the pointers behind pe1 or pe2 are non\-NULL, they are the end pointers beyond which scanning will not continue under any circumstances. If the byte lengths l1 and l2 are non\-zero, s1+l1 and s2+l2 will be used as goal end pointers that will also stop the scan, and which qualify towards defining a successful match: all the scans that define an explicit length must reach their goal pointers for a match to succeed). .Sp For case\-insensitiveness, the \*(L"casefolding\*(R" of Unicode is used instead of upper/lowercasing both the characters, see http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr21/ (Case Mappings). .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 ibcmp_utf8(const char* a, char **pe1, UV l1, bool u1, const char* b, char **pe2, UV l2, bool u2) .Ve .IP "is_utf8_char" 8 .IX Xref "is_utf8_char" .IX Item "is_utf8_char" Tests if some arbitrary number of bytes begins in a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character. Note that an \s-1INVARIANT\s0 (i.e. \s-1ASCII\s0) character is a valid \&\s-1UTF\-8\s0 character. The actual number of bytes in the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character will be returned if it is valid, otherwise 0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN is_utf8_char(U8 *p) .Ve .IP "is_utf8_string" 8 .IX Xref "is_utf8_string" .IX Item "is_utf8_string" Returns true if first \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR bytes of the given string form a valid \&\s-1UTF\-8\s0 string, false otherwise. Note that 'a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string' does not mean 'a string that contains code points above 0x7F encoded in \s-1UTF\-8\s0' because a valid \s-1ASCII\s0 string is a valid \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string. .Sp See also \fIis_utf8_string_loclen()\fR and \fIis_utf8_string_loc()\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool is_utf8_string(U8 *s, STRLEN len) .Ve .IP "is_utf8_string_loc" 8 .IX Xref "is_utf8_string_loc" .IX Item "is_utf8_string_loc" Like \fIis_utf8_string()\fR but stores the location of the failure (in the case of \*(L"utf8ness failure\*(R") or the location s+len (in the case of \&\*(L"utf8ness success\*(R") in the \f(CW\*(C`ep\*(C'\fR. .Sp See also \fIis_utf8_string_loclen()\fR and \fIis_utf8_string()\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool is_utf8_string_loc(U8 *s, STRLEN len, U8 **p) .Ve .IP "is_utf8_string_loclen" 8 .IX Xref "is_utf8_string_loclen" .IX Item "is_utf8_string_loclen" Like \fIis_utf8_string()\fR but stores the location of the failure (in the case of \*(L"utf8ness failure\*(R") or the location s+len (in the case of \&\*(L"utf8ness success\*(R") in the \f(CW\*(C`ep\*(C'\fR, and the number of \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded characters in the \f(CW\*(C`el\*(C'\fR. .Sp See also \fIis_utf8_string_loc()\fR and \fIis_utf8_string()\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool is_utf8_string_loclen(const U8 *s, STRLEN len, const U8 **ep, STRLEN *el) .Ve .IP "pv_uni_display" 8 .IX Xref "pv_uni_display" .IX Item "pv_uni_display" Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the string spv, length len, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long (if longer, the rest is truncated and \*(L"...\*(R" will be appended). .Sp The flags argument can have \s-1UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT\s0 set to display \&\fIisPRINT()\fRable characters as themselves, \s-1UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH\s0 to display the \e\e[nrfta\e\e] as the backslashed versions (like '\en') (\s-1UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH\s0 is preferred over \s-1UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT\s0 for \e\e). \&\s-1UNI_DISPLAY_QQ\s0 (and its alias \s-1UNI_DISPLAY_REGEX\s0) have both \&\s-1UNI_DISPLAY_BACKSLASH\s0 and \s-1UNI_DISPLAY_ISPRINT\s0 turned on. .Sp The pointer to the \s-1PV\s0 of the dsv is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* pv_uni_display(SV *dsv, U8 *spv, STRLEN len, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags) .Ve .IP "sv_cat_decode" 8 .IX Xref "sv_cat_decode" .IX Item "sv_cat_decode" The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, the \s-1PV\s0 of the ssv is assumed to be octets in that encoding and decoding the input starts from the position which (\s-1PV\s0 + *offset) pointed to. The dsv will be concatenated the decoded \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string from ssv. Decoding will terminate when the string tstr appears in decoding output or the input ends on the \s-1PV\s0 of the ssv. The value which the offset points will be modified to the last input position on the ssv. .Sp Returns \s-1TRUE\s0 if the terminator was found, else returns \s-1FALSE\s0. .Sp .Vb 1 \& bool sv_cat_decode(SV* dsv, SV *encoding, SV *ssv, int *offset, char* tstr, int tlen) .Ve .IP "sv_recode_to_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "sv_recode_to_utf8" .IX Item "sv_recode_to_utf8" The encoding is assumed to be an Encode object, on entry the \s-1PV\s0 of the sv is assumed to be octets in that encoding, and the sv will be converted into Unicode (and \s-1UTF\-8\s0). .Sp If the sv already is \s-1UTF\-8\s0 (or if it is not \s-1POK\s0), or if the encoding is not a reference, nothing is done to the sv. If the encoding is not an \f(CW\*(C`Encode::XS\*(C'\fR Encoding object, bad things will happen. (See \fIlib/encoding.pm\fR and Encode). .Sp The \s-1PV\s0 of the sv is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_recode_to_utf8(SV* sv, SV *encoding) .Ve .IP "sv_uni_display" 8 .IX Xref "sv_uni_display" .IX Item "sv_uni_display" Build to the scalar dsv a displayable version of the scalar sv, the displayable version being at most pvlim bytes long (if longer, the rest is truncated and \*(L"...\*(R" will be appended). .Sp The flags argument is as in \fIpv_uni_display()\fR. .Sp The pointer to the \s-1PV\s0 of the dsv is returned. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* sv_uni_display(SV *dsv, SV *ssv, STRLEN pvlim, UV flags) .Ve .IP "to_utf8_case" 8 .IX Xref "to_utf8_case" .IX Item "to_utf8_case" The \*(L"p\*(R" contains the pointer to the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 string encoding the character that is being converted. .Sp The \*(L"ustrp\*(R" is a pointer to the character buffer to put the conversion result to. The \*(L"lenp\*(R" is a pointer to the length of the result. .Sp The \*(L"swashp\*(R" is a pointer to the swash to use. .Sp Both the special and normal mappings are stored lib/unicore/To/Foo.pl, and loaded by \s-1SWASHGET\s0, using lib/utf8_heavy.pl. The special (usually, but not always, a multicharacter mapping), is tried first. .Sp The \*(L"special\*(R" is a string like \*(L"utf8::ToSpecLower\*(R", which means the hash \f(CW%utf8::ToSpecLower\fR. The access to the hash is through \&\fIPerl_to_utf8_case()\fR. .Sp The \*(L"normal\*(R" is a string like \*(L"ToLower\*(R" which means the swash \&\f(CW%utf8::ToLower\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV to_utf8_case(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp, SV **swashp, char *normal, char *special) .Ve .IP "to_utf8_fold" 8 .IX Xref "to_utf8_fold" .IX Item "to_utf8_fold" Convert the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded character at p to its foldcase version and store that in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note that the ustrp needs to be at least \s-1UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1\s0 bytes since the foldcase version may be longer than the original character (up to three characters). .Sp The first character of the foldcased version is returned (but note, as explained above, that there may be more.) .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV to_utf8_fold(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp) .Ve .IP "to_utf8_lower" 8 .IX Xref "to_utf8_lower" .IX Item "to_utf8_lower" Convert the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded character at p to its lowercase version and store that in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note that the ustrp needs to be at least \s-1UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1\s0 bytes since the lowercase version may be longer than the original character. .Sp The first character of the lowercased version is returned (but note, as explained above, that there may be more.) .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV to_utf8_lower(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp) .Ve .IP "to_utf8_title" 8 .IX Xref "to_utf8_title" .IX Item "to_utf8_title" Convert the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded character at p to its titlecase version and store that in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note that the ustrp needs to be at least \s-1UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1\s0 bytes since the titlecase version may be longer than the original character. .Sp The first character of the titlecased version is returned (but note, as explained above, that there may be more.) .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV to_utf8_title(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp) .Ve .IP "to_utf8_upper" 8 .IX Xref "to_utf8_upper" .IX Item "to_utf8_upper" Convert the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoded character at p to its uppercase version and store that in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 in ustrp and its length in bytes in lenp. Note that the ustrp needs to be at least \s-1UTF8_MAXBYTES_CASE+1\s0 bytes since the uppercase version may be longer than the original character. .Sp The first character of the uppercased version is returned (but note, as explained above, that there may be more.) .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV to_utf8_upper(U8 *p, U8* ustrp, STRLEN *lenp) .Ve .IP "utf8n_to_uvchr" 8 .IX Xref "utf8n_to_uvchr" .IX Item "utf8n_to_uvchr" Returns the native character value of the first character in the string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR which is assumed to be in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding; \f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character. .Sp Allows length and flags to be passed to low level routine. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV utf8n_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "utf8n_to_uvuni" 8 .IX Xref "utf8n_to_uvuni" .IX Item "utf8n_to_uvuni" Bottom level \s-1UTF\-8\s0 decode routine. Returns the unicode code point value of the first character in the string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR which is assumed to be in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding and no longer than \f(CW\*(C`curlen\*(C'\fR; \&\f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character. .Sp If \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR does not point to a well-formed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character, the behaviour is dependent on the value of \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR: if it contains \s-1UTF8_CHECK_ONLY\s0, it is assumed that the caller will raise a warning, and this function will silently just set \f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR to \f(CW\*(C`\-1\*(C'\fR and return zero. If the \&\f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR does not contain \s-1UTF8_CHECK_ONLY\s0, warnings about malformations will be given, \f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR will be set to the expected length of the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character in bytes, and zero will be returned. .Sp The \f(CW\*(C`flags\*(C'\fR can also contain various flags to allow deviations from the strict \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding (see \fIutf8.h\fR). .Sp Most code should use \fIutf8_to_uvchr()\fR rather than call this directly. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV utf8n_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN curlen, STRLEN *retlen, U32 flags) .Ve .IP "utf8_distance" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_distance" .IX Item "utf8_distance" Returns the number of \s-1UTF\-8\s0 characters between the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 pointers \f(CW\*(C`a\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`b\*(C'\fR. .Sp \&\s-1WARNING:\s0 use only if you *know* that the pointers point inside the same \s-1UTF\-8\s0 buffer. .Sp .Vb 1 \& IV utf8_distance(U8 *a, U8 *b) .Ve .IP "utf8_hop" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_hop" .IX Item "utf8_hop" Return the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 pointer \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR displaced by \f(CW\*(C`off\*(C'\fR characters, either forward or backward. .Sp \&\s-1WARNING:\s0 do not use the following unless you *know* \f(CW\*(C`off\*(C'\fR is within the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 data pointed to by \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR *and* that on entry \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR is aligned on the first byte of character or just after the last byte of a character. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* utf8_hop(U8 *s, I32 off) .Ve .IP "utf8_length" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_length" .IX Item "utf8_length" Return the length of the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 char encoded string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR in characters. Stops at \f(CW\*(C`e\*(C'\fR (inclusive). If \f(CW\*(C`e < s\*(C'\fR or if the scan would end up past \f(CW\*(C`e\*(C'\fR, croaks. .Sp .Vb 1 \& STRLEN utf8_length(U8* s, U8 *e) .Ve .IP "utf8_to_bytes" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_to_bytes" .IX Item "utf8_to_bytes" Converts a string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR of length \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR from \s-1UTF\-8\s0 into byte encoding. Unlike \f(CW\*(C`bytes_to_utf8\*(C'\fR, this over-writes the original string, and updates len to contain the new length. Returns zero on failure, setting \f(CW\*(C`len\*(C'\fR to \-1. .Sp \&\s-1NOTE:\s0 this function is experimental and may change or be removed without notice. .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* utf8_to_bytes(U8 *s, STRLEN *len) .Ve .IP "utf8_to_uvchr" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_to_uvchr" .IX Item "utf8_to_uvchr" Returns the native character value of the first character in the string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR which is assumed to be in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding; \f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character. .Sp If \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR does not point to a well-formed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character, zero is returned and retlen is set, if possible, to \-1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV utf8_to_uvchr(U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen) .Ve .IP "utf8_to_uvuni" 8 .IX Xref "utf8_to_uvuni" .IX Item "utf8_to_uvuni" Returns the Unicode code point of the first character in the string \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR which is assumed to be in \s-1UTF\-8\s0 encoding; \f(CW\*(C`retlen\*(C'\fR will be set to the length, in bytes, of that character. .Sp This function should only be used when returned \s-1UV\s0 is considered an index into the Unicode semantic tables (e.g. swashes). .Sp If \f(CW\*(C`s\*(C'\fR does not point to a well-formed \s-1UTF\-8\s0 character, zero is returned and retlen is set, if possible, to \-1. .Sp .Vb 1 \& UV utf8_to_uvuni(U8 *s, STRLEN *retlen) .Ve .IP "uvchr_to_utf8" 8 .IX Xref "uvchr_to_utf8" .IX Item "uvchr_to_utf8" Adds the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 representation of the Native codepoint \f(CW\*(C`uv\*(C'\fR to the end of the string \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR; \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR should be have at least \f(CW\*(C`UTF8_MAXBYTES+1\*(C'\fR free bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the end of the new character. In other words, .Sp .Vb 1 \& d = uvchr_to_utf8(d, uv); .Ve .Sp is the recommended wide native character-aware way of saying .Sp .Vb 1 \& *(d++) = uv; .Ve .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* uvchr_to_utf8(U8 *d, UV uv) .Ve .IP "uvuni_to_utf8_flags" 8 .IX Xref "uvuni_to_utf8_flags" .IX Item "uvuni_to_utf8_flags" Adds the \s-1UTF\-8\s0 representation of the Unicode codepoint \f(CW\*(C`uv\*(C'\fR to the end of the string \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR; \f(CW\*(C`d\*(C'\fR should be have at least \f(CW\*(C`UTF8_MAXBYTES+1\*(C'\fR free bytes available. The return value is the pointer to the byte after the end of the new character. In other words, .Sp .Vb 1 \& d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, flags); .Ve .Sp or, in most cases, .Sp .Vb 1 \& d = uvuni_to_utf8(d, uv); .Ve .Sp (which is equivalent to) .Sp .Vb 1 \& d = uvuni_to_utf8_flags(d, uv, 0); .Ve .Sp is the recommended Unicode-aware way of saying .Sp .Vb 1 \& *(d++) = uv; .Ve .Sp .Vb 1 \& U8* uvuni_to_utf8_flags(U8 *d, UV uv, UV flags) .Ve .ie n .SH "Variables created by ""xsubpp""\fP and \f(CW""xsubpp"" internal functions" .el .SH "Variables created by \f(CWxsubpp\fP and \f(CWxsubpp\fP internal functions" .IX Header "Variables created by xsubpp and xsubpp internal functions" .IP "ax" 8 .IX Xref "ax" .IX Item "ax" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to indicate the stack base offset, used by the \f(CW\*(C`ST\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`XSprePUSH\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`XSRETURN\*(C'\fR macros. The \f(CW\*(C`dMARK\*(C'\fR macro must be called prior to setup the \f(CW\*(C`MARK\*(C'\fR variable. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 ax .Ve .IP "\s-1CLASS\s0" 8 .IX Xref "CLASS" .IX Item "CLASS" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to indicate the class name for a \*(C+ \s-1XS\s0 constructor. This is always a \f(CW\*(C`char*\*(C'\fR. See \f(CW\*(C`THIS\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& char* CLASS .Ve .IP "dAX" 8 .IX Xref "dAX" .IX Item "dAX" Sets up the \f(CW\*(C`ax\*(C'\fR variable. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR by calling \f(CW\*(C`dXSARGS\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dAX; .Ve .IP "dAXMARK" 8 .IX Xref "dAXMARK" .IX Item "dAXMARK" Sets up the \f(CW\*(C`ax\*(C'\fR variable and stack marker variable \f(CW\*(C`mark\*(C'\fR. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR by calling \f(CW\*(C`dXSARGS\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dAXMARK; .Ve .IP "dITEMS" 8 .IX Xref "dITEMS" .IX Item "dITEMS" Sets up the \f(CW\*(C`items\*(C'\fR variable. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR by calling \f(CW\*(C`dXSARGS\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dITEMS; .Ve .IP "dXSARGS" 8 .IX Xref "dXSARGS" .IX Item "dXSARGS" Sets up stack and mark pointers for an \s-1XSUB\s0, calling dSP and dMARK. Sets up the \f(CW\*(C`ax\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`items\*(C'\fR variables by calling \f(CW\*(C`dAX\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`dITEMS\*(C'\fR. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dXSARGS; .Ve .IP "dXSI32" 8 .IX Xref "dXSI32" .IX Item "dXSI32" Sets up the \f(CW\*(C`ix\*(C'\fR variable for an \s-1XSUB\s0 which has aliases. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& dXSI32; .Ve .IP "items" 8 .IX Xref "items" .IX Item "items" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to indicate the number of items on the stack. See \*(L"Variable\-length Parameter Lists\*(R" in perlxs. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 items .Ve .IP "ix" 8 .IX Xref "ix" .IX Item "ix" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to indicate which of an \&\s-1XSUB\s0's aliases was used to invoke it. See \*(L"The \s-1ALIAS:\s0 Keyword\*(R" in perlxs. .Sp .Vb 1 \& I32 ix .Ve .IP "newXSproto" 8 .IX Xref "newXSproto" .IX Item "newXSproto" Used by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to hook up XSUBs as Perl subs. Adds Perl prototypes to the subs. .IP "\s-1RETVAL\s0" 8 .IX Xref "RETVAL" .IX Item "RETVAL" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to hold the return value for an \&\s-1XSUB\s0. This is always the proper type for the \s-1XSUB\s0. See \&\*(L"The \s-1RETVAL\s0 Variable\*(R" in perlxs. .Sp .Vb 1 \& (whatever) RETVAL .Ve .IP "\s-1ST\s0" 8 .IX Xref "ST" .IX Item "ST" Used to access elements on the \s-1XSUB\s0's stack. .Sp .Vb 1 \& SV* ST(int ix) .Ve .IP "\s-1THIS\s0" 8 .IX Xref "THIS" .IX Item "THIS" Variable which is setup by \f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR to designate the object in a \*(C+ \&\s-1XSUB\s0. This is always the proper type for the \*(C+ object. See \f(CW\*(C`CLASS\*(C'\fR and \&\*(L"Using \s-1XS\s0 With \*(C+\*(R" in perlxs. .Sp .Vb 1 \& (whatever) THIS .Ve .IP "\s-1XS\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XS" .IX Item "XS" Macro to declare an \s-1XSUB\s0 and its C parameter list. This is handled by \&\f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. .IP "\s-1XS_VERSION\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XS_VERSION" .IX Item "XS_VERSION" The version identifier for an \s-1XS\s0 module. This is usually handled automatically by \f(CW\*(C`ExtUtils::MakeMaker\*(C'\fR. See \f(CW\*(C`XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK\*(C'\fR. .IP "\s-1XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK\s0" 8 .IX Xref "XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK" .IX Item "XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK" Macro to verify that a \s-1PM\s0 module's \f(CW$VERSION\fR variable matches the \s-1XS\s0 module's \f(CW\*(C`XS_VERSION\*(C'\fR variable. This is usually handled automatically by \&\f(CW\*(C`xsubpp\*(C'\fR. See \*(L"The \s-1VERSIONCHECK:\s0 Keyword\*(R" in perlxs. .Sp .Vb 1 \& XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK; .Ve .SH "Warning and Dieing" .IX Header "Warning and Dieing" .IP "croak" 8 .IX Xref "croak" .IX Item "croak" This is the XSUB\-writer's interface to Perl's \f(CW\*(C`die\*(C'\fR function. Normally call this function the same way you call the C \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR function. Calling \f(CW\*(C`croak\*(C'\fR returns control directly to Perl, sidestepping the normal C order of execution. See \f(CW\*(C`warn\*(C'\fR. .Sp If you want to throw an exception object, assign the object to \&\f(CW$@\fR and then pass \f(CW\*(C`Nullch\*(C'\fR to \fIcroak()\fR: .Sp .Vb 3 \& errsv = get_sv("@", TRUE); \& sv_setsv(errsv, exception_object); \& croak(Nullch); .Ve .Sp .Vb 1 \& void croak(const char* pat, ...) .Ve .IP "warn" 8 .IX Xref "warn" .IX Item "warn" This is the XSUB\-writer's interface to Perl's \f(CW\*(C`warn\*(C'\fR function. Call this function the same way you call the C \f(CW\*(C`printf\*(C'\fR function. See \f(CW\*(C`croak\*(C'\fR. .Sp .Vb 1 \& void warn(const char* pat, ...) .Ve .SH "AUTHORS" .IX Header "AUTHORS" Until May 1997, this document was maintained by Jeff Okamoto . It is now maintained as part of Perl itself. .PP With lots of help and suggestions from Dean Roehrich, Malcolm Beattie, Andreas Koenig, Paul Hudson, Ilya Zakharevich, Paul Marquess, Neil Bowers, Matthew Green, Tim Bunce, Spider Boardman, Ulrich Pfeifer, Stephen McCamant, and Gurusamy Sarathy. .PP \&\s-1API\s0 Listing originally by Dean Roehrich . .PP Updated to be autogenerated from comments in the source by Benjamin Stuhl. .SH "SEE ALSO" .IX Header "SEE ALSO" \&\fIperlguts\fR\|(1), \fIperlxs\fR\|(1), \fIperlxstut\fR\|(1), \fIperlintern\fR\|(1)