[simh-images] / pdp11-2.11BSD / README.md

OverviewThis directory contains a 2.11BSD system image for use with the PDP-11simulator included in SIMH. If using this image on a real PDP-11, note that2.11BSD requires a PDP-11 with Supervisor Mode and requires a split I+Dmachine.The major change in 2.11BSD was the addition of backported networking code from4.3BSD on the VAX. It also incorporates a number of other small 4.3BSD changeslike long filenames.Otherwise, 2.11BSD is extremely similar to 2.10BSD. It retains the same 4.3BSDstructure and system calls and the largely 4.3BSD user-land software. It alsoretains the same hardware support as 2.10BSD which added 22-bit QBus support,an MSCP driver, and etc.This was the final BSD released for the PDP-11 and it feels remarkably modern.In fact, the similarities are so strong that no user manuals were ever printed;users were simply instructed to use 4.3BSD manuals from the VAX. 2.11BSD isalso the fastest BSD for the PDP-11, incorporating many backportedefficiency-related changes from 4.3BSD. For example, whereas ULTRIX-11 V3.0 ona PDP-11/73 takes 1.1 seconds to start vi, and 2.9BSD takes 0.9 seconds(likely due to use of vfork), the same vi image takes only 0.2 seconds tostart from the main memory cache on 2.11BSD.This 2.11BSD system is up to date, currently sitting at patch 450 released onMar 19, 2016. All patches were obtained from ftp://moe.2bsd.com/pub/2.11BSD/or https://www.retro11.de/data/211bsd/patches/. The system was built (andrebuilds itself) regularly on kryten.subgeniuskitty.com, a real PDP-11/83.StatusFully tested on SIMH 3.9-0 and a real PDP-11/83.InstructionsPower OnTo power up a simulated PDP-11/73 and run this 2.11BSD disk image, simplyun-gzip the disk image file and start up SIMH with the provided configurationfile.% gunzip disk0_ra90_211bsd.dsk.gz% pdp11 simh.confPDP-11 simulator V3.9-0Disabling CRDisabling RKDisabling HKDisabling TM..Select a kernel at the ':' prompt..For example, ': ra(0,0,0)unix'..At the first '#' prompt you are in single-user mode..Use Ctrl-D to logout and continue the boot..Login with username 'root' and password 'temppass'..Shut down with 'sync; sync; halt'..73Boot from ra(0,0,0) at 0172150:The : prompt is from the bootloader, to whom we must communicate a device andfile to continue the boot process. We’re booting from the first MSCP-compatibledisc, using the file /unix, so type ra(0,0,0)unix followed by ENTER.: ra(0,0,0)unixBoot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=01721502.11 BSD UNIX #1: Sat Aug 11 20:38:20 PDT 2018    root@curly.2bsd.com:/usr/src/sys/KRYTEN-NONETra0: Ver 3 mod 3ra0: RA90  size=2376153phys mem  = 4186112avail mem = 3990464user mem  = 307200August 12 00:03:32 init: configure systemra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attachedcn 1 csr 176500 vector 300 skipped:  No CSR.cn 2 csr 176510 vector 310 skipped:  No CSR.cn 3 csr 176520 vector 320 skipped:  No CSR.cn 4 csr 176530 vector 330 skipped:  No CSR.erase, kill ^U, intr ^C# The system has now booted up to single-user mode and you are logged in asroot. To continue booting to multi-user mode, simply type Ctrl-d to logout and system startup will proceed.# Fast boot ... skipping disk checkschecking quotas: done.Assuming non-networking system ...checking for core dump...preserving editor filesclearing /tmpstandard daemons: update cron accounting.starting lpdstarting local daemons: sendmail.Sun Aug 12 00:03:38 PDT 20182.11 BSD UNIX (curly.2bsd.com) (console)login:The system is in multi-user mode. Login as root with password temppass.login: rootPassword:erase, kill ^U, intr ^C#That’s it! 2.11BSD is up and you’re logged in.The system includes a full set of man pages to get you started. If the Bourneshell used on the root account grows tiring, tcsh (and others) are alreadyinstalled and include features like tab-completion.Power OffTo power off, assuming you are logged in as root and the system is otherwiseinactive, use the sync command to flush any buffers to disk and then haltto halt the system. On the simulated PDP-11 this drops us back to SIMH’scommand prompt where we can exit the simulation.# sync; sync; haltsyncing disks... donehaltingHALT instruction, PC: 000014 (MOV #1,10544)sim> quitGoodbyeNote that you can also press Ctrl-e at any time and SIMH will halt the PDP-11simulation and drop to the sim> prompt where you can exit. However, doingthis is likely to corrupt a disk as it is equivalent to yanking the power cordfrom the wall. To resume from the sim> prompt, simply type go and executionwill resume from where it left off..EthernetThe PDP-11/83 upon which this image normally resides includes a DEC DELQA-Tethernet card and this 2.11BSD image is configured to use it. The driver shouldwork with any of the DEQNA, DELQA, or DELQA-T cards in a real PDP-11.SIMH can also emulate a network card, though it requires libpcap and somemanual configuration. Following these instructions will guide you through theprocess:http://www.retrocmp.com/how-tos/installing-211bsd-unix-on-pdp-1144/123-installing-211bsd-networkingTransfer FilesThe easiest way to transfer files to/from the running 2.11BSD instance is overthe network, via FTP. As discussed in the “Ethernet” section, the system ispreconfigured for network use if running on a real PDP-11 with compatiblenetwork hardware or via emulation through SIMH. Simply login via FTP as anormal user and GET/PUT/etc to transfer files.If networking is unavailable, output to the line printer or input/output viathe paper tape are also an option. The relevant options to enable that hardwarein SIMH are present but commented out in simh.conf.This image is also configured to expect a DLV11-J compatible quad serial portcard installed at the base of the relevant CSR space. These ports, if actuallypresent, can be used to transfer files using kermit, pre-included in this2.11BSD image.