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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "PERLCHEAT 1"
.TH PERLCHEAT 1 "2006-01-07" "perl v5.8.8" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.SH "NAME"
perlcheat \- Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
This 'cheat sheet' is a handy reference, meant for beginning Perl
programmers. Not everything is mentioned, but 194 features may
already be overwhelming.
.Sh "The sheet"
.IX Subsection "The sheet"
.Vb 62
\&  CONTEXTS  SIGILS             ARRAYS        HASHES
\&  void      $scalar   whole:   @array        %hash
\&  scalar    @array    slice:   @array[0, 2]  @hash{'a', 'b'}
\&  list      %hash     element: $array[0]     $hash{'a'}
\&            &sub
\&            *glob    SCALAR VALUES
\&                     number, string, reference, glob, undef
\&  REFERENCES
\&  \e     references      $$foo[1]       aka $foo->[1]
\&  $@%&* dereference     $$foo{bar}     aka $foo->{bar}
\&  []    anon. arrayref  ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1]->[2]
\&  {}    anon. hashref   ${$$foo[1]}[2] aka $foo->[1][2]
\&  \e()   list of refs
\&                          NUMBERS vs STRINGS  LINKS
\&  OPERATOR PRECEDENCE     =          =        perl.plover.com
\&  ->                      +          .        search.cpan.org
\&  ++ --                   == !=      eq ne         cpan.org
\&  **                      < > <= >=  lt gt le ge   pm.org
\&  ! ~ \e u+ u-             <=>        cmp           tpj.com
\&  =~ !~                                            perldoc.com
\&  * / % x                 SYNTAX
\&  + - .                   for    (LIST) { }, for (a;b;c) { }
\&  << >>                   while  ( ) { }, until ( ) { }
\&  named uops              if     ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { }
\&  < > <= >= lt gt le ge   unless ( ) { } elsif ( ) { } else { }
\&  == != <=> eq ne cmp     for equals foreach (ALWAYS)
\&  &
\&  | ^              REGEX METACHARS            REGEX MODIFIERS
\&  &&               ^     string begin         /i case insens.
\&  ||               $     str. end (before \en) /m line based ^$
\&  .. ...           +     one or more          /s . includes \en
\&  ?:               *     zero or more         /x ign. wh.space
\&  = += -= *= etc.  ?     zero or one          /g global
\&  , =>             {3,7} repeat in range
\&  list ops         ()    capture          REGEX CHARCLASSES
\&  not              (?:)  no capture       .  == [^\en]
\&  and              []    character class  \es == [\ex20\ef\et\er\en]
\&  or xor           |     alternation      \ew == [A-Za-z0-9_]
\&                   \eb    word boundary    \ed == [0-9]
\&                   \ez    string end       \eS, \eW and \eD negate
\&  DO
\&  use strict;        DON'T            LINKS
\&  use warnings;      "$foo"           perl.com
\&  my $var;           $$variable_name  perlmonks.org
\&  open() or die $!;  `$userinput`     use.perl.org
\&  use Modules;       /$userinput/     perl.apache.org
\&                                      parrotcode.org
\&  FUNCTION RETURN LISTS
\&  stat      localtime    caller         SPECIAL VARIABLES
\&   0 dev    0 second     0 package      $_    default variable
\&   1 ino    1 minute     1 filename     $0    program name
\&   2 mode   2 hour       2 line         $/    input separator
\&   3 nlink  3 day        3 subroutine   $\e    output separator
\&   4 uid    4 month-1    4 hasargs      $|    autoflush
\&   5 gid    5 year-1900  5 wantarray    $!    sys/libcall error
\&   6 rdev   6 weekday    6 evaltext     $@    eval error
\&   7 size   7 yearday    7 is_require   $$    process ID
\&   8 atime  8 is_dst     8 hints        $.    line number
\&   9 mtime               9 bitmask      @ARGV command line args
\&  10 ctime  just use                    @INC  include paths
\&  11 blksz  POSIX::      3..9 only      @_    subroutine args
\&  12 blcks  strftime!    with EXPR      %ENV  environment
.Ve
.SH "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
.IX Header "ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS"
The first version of this document appeared on Perl Monks, where several
people had useful suggestions. Thank you, Perl Monks.
.PP
A special thanks to Damian Conway, who didn't only suggest important changes,
but also took the time to count the number of listed features and make a
Perl 6 version to show that Perl will stay Perl.
.SH "AUTHOR"
.IX Header "AUTHOR"
Juerd Waalboer <juerd@cpan.org>, with the help of many Perl Monks.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
.Vb 3
\& http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=216602      the original PM post
\& http://perlmonks.org/?node_id=238031      Damian Conway's Perl 6 version
\& http://juerd.nl/site.plp/perlcheat        home of the Perl Cheat Sheet
.Ve