.\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.  The Berkeley software License Agreement
.\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution.
.\"
.\"	@(#)access.2	6.6 (Berkeley) 5/13/90
.\"
.TH ACCESS 2 "May 13, 1990"
.UC 4
.SH NAME
access \- determine accessibility of file
.SH SYNOPSIS
.nf
.ft B
#include <unistd.h>

accessible = access(path, mode)
int accessible;
char *path;
int mode;
.ft R
.fi
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Access
checks the given
file
.I path
for accessibility according to
.IR mode ,
which is the bitwise inclusive OR of the access permissions to be
checked (R_OK for read permission, W_OK for write permission and X_OK
for execute/search permission) or the existence test, F_OK.
Specifying
.I mode
as F_OK tests whether the directories leading to the file can be
searched and the file exists.
.PP
The real user ID and the group access list
(including the real group ID) are
used in verifying permission, so this call
is useful to set-UID programs.
.PP
Notice that only access bits are checked.
A directory may be indicated as writable by
.IR access ,
but an attempt to open it for writing will fail
(although files may be created there);
a file may look executable, but
.I execve
will fail unless it is in proper format.
.SH "RETURN VALUE
If
.I path
cannot be found or if any of the desired access modes would
not be granted, then a \-1 value is returned; otherwise
a 0 value is returned.
.SH "ERRORS
Access to the file is denied if one or more of the following are true:
.TP 15
[ENOTDIR]
A component of the path prefix is not a directory.
.TP 15
[EINVAL]
The pathname contains a character with the high-order bit set.
.TP 15
[ENAMETOOLONG]
A component of a pathname exceeded 255 characters,
or an entire path name exceeded 1023 characters.
.TP 15
[ENOENT]
The named file does not exist.
.TP 15
[EACCES]
Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix.
.TP 15
[ELOOP]
Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating the pathname.
.TP 15
[EROFS]
Write access is requested for a file on a read-only file system.
.TP 15
[ETXTBSY]
Write access is requested for a pure procedure (shared text)
file that is being executed.
.TP 15
[EACCES]
Permission bits of the file mode do not permit the requested
access, or search permission is denied on a component of the
path prefix.  The owner of a file has permission checked with
respect to the ``owner'' read, write, and execute mode bits,
members of the file's group other than the owner have permission
checked with respect to the ``group'' mode bits, and all
others have permissions checked with respect to the ``other''
mode bits.
.TP 15
[EFAULT]
.I Path
points outside the process's allocated address space.
.TP 15
[EIO]
An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system.
.SH "SEE ALSO
chmod(2), stat(2)