.\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California.
.\" All rights reserved.
.\"
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.\" acknowledgement:  ``This product includes software developed by the
.\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the
.\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in
.\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software.
.\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may
.\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED
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.\"     @(#)ex.1	6.6 (Berkeley) 7/24/90
.\"
.Dd July 24, 1990
.Dt EX 1
.Os BSD 4
.Sh NAME
.Nm ex , edit
.Nd text editor
.Sh SYNOPSIS
.Nm ex
.Op Fl
.Op Fl v
.Op Fl t Ar tag
.Op Fl r
.Oo
.Op Cm + Ar command
.Oo
.Op Fl l
.Ar name
\&...
.Nm edit
.Op ex options
.Sh DESCRIPTION
.Nm Ex
is the root of a family of editors:
.Nm edit ,
.Nm ex
and
.Nm vi .
.Nm Ex
is a superset of
.Xr ed ,
with the most notable extension being a display editing facility.
Display based editing is the focus of
.Xr vi 1 .
.Pp
If you have not used
.Xr ed 1 ,
or are a casual user, you will find that the editor
.Nm edit
is convenient for you.
It avoids some of the complexities of
.Nm ex
used mostly by systems programmers and persons very familiar with
.Xr ed 1 .
.Pp
If you have a
.Li CRT
terminal, you may wish to use a display
based editor; in this case
see
.Xr vi  1  ,
which is a command which focuses on the display editing portion of
.Nm ex .
.Sh DOCUMENTATION
The document
.Em Edit: A tutorial
(USD:14) provides a comprehensive introduction to
.Nm edit
assuming no previous knowledge of computers or the UNIX
system.
.Pp
The
.Em Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.7
(USD:16)
is a comprehensive and complete manual for the command mode features
of
.Nm ex ,
but you cannot learn to use the editor by reading it.
For an introduction to
more advanced forms of editing using the command mode of
.Nm ex
see the editing documents written by Brian Kernighan for the editor
.Xr ed 1 ;
the material in the introductory and advanced documents works also with
.Nm ex .
.Pp
.Em An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi
(USD:15)
introduces the display editor
.Xr vi 1
and provides reference material on
.Xr vi 1 .
In addition, the
.Em Vi Quick Reference
card summarizes the commands
of
.Xr vi 1
in a useful, functional way, and is useful with the
.Em Introduction .
.Sh ENVIRONMENT
The
.Nm
command uses the following environment variables.
.Tw Fl
.Tp Ev EXINIT
User specified startup values for
.Nm ex .
.Tp Ev HOME
Default directory to search for
the file
.Pa ~/.exrc
.Tp Ev SHELL
Shell used for
.Em escaped
commands (with the
.Ic \&!
command).
.Tp Ev TERM
Terminal type.
.Tp Ev TERMCAP
Alternate termcap file.
.Tp
.Sh FILES
.Dw /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve
.Di L
.Dp Pa  /usr/libexec/ex?.?strings
error messages
.Dp Pa  /usr/libexec/ex?.?recover
recover command
.Dp Pa  /usr/libexec/ex?.?preserve
preserve command
.Dp Pa  /usr/share/misc/termcap
describes capabilities of terminals
.Dp Pa  ~/.exrc
editor startup file
.Dc Pa /tmp/Ex
.Ar nnnnn
.Cx
editor temporary
.Dc Pa /tmp/Rx
.Ar nnnnn
.Cx
named buffer temporary
.Dp Pa /var/preserve
preservation directory
.Dp
.Sh SEE ALSO
.Xr awk 1 ,
.Xr ed 1 ,
.Xr grep 1 ,
.Xr sed 1 ,
.Xr grep 1 ,
.Xr vi 1 ,
.Xr termcap 5 ,
.Xr environ 7
.Sh HISTORY
.Nm Ex
appeared in 3 BSD.
.Sh AUTHOR
Originally written by William Joy
.br
Mark Horton has maintained the editor since version 2.7, adding macros,
support for many unusual terminals,
and other features such as word abbreviation mode.
.Sh BUGS
The
.Ic undo
command causes all marks to be lost on lines changed and then restored
if the marked lines were changed.
.Pp
.Ic Undo
never clears the buffer modified condition.
.Pp
The
.Ic z
command prints a number of logical rather than physical lines.
More than a screen full of output may result if long lines are present.
.Pp
File input/output errors don't print a name if the command line
.Sq Fl
option is used.
.Pp
There is no easy way to do a single scan ignoring case.
.Pp
The editor does not warn if text is placed in named buffers and not used
before exiting the editor.
.Pp
Null characters are discarded in input files, and cannot appear in resultant
files.