.TH FOPEN 3 4/8/79 3
.SH NAME
fopen, freopen \- open a stream
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B #include <nstdio.h>
.PP
.SM
.B FILE
.B *fopen(filename, type)
.br
.B char *filename, *type;
.PP
.SM
.B FILE
.B *freopen(filename, type, stream)
.br
.B char *filename, *type;
.br
.SM
.B FILE
.B *stream;
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Fopen
opens the file named by
.I filename
and associates a stream with it.
.I Fopen
returns a pointer to be used to identify
the stream in subsequent operations.
.PP
.I Type
is a character string having one of the following values:
.TP 5
"r"
open for reading
.ns
.TP 5
"w"
create for writing
.ns
.TP 5
"rw" or "w+"
Create for concurrent read/write access.
The file is first truncated, if it exists,
and created if it does not.
.ns
.TP 5
"a"
Append: open for writing at end
of file, or create for writing
.ns
.TP 5
"ra" or "a+"
Read and append: open for concurrent read/write access  at end
of file, or create file and open with such access
.ns
.TP 5
"r+"
Read and write: open for both reading and writing
but do not truncate the file first.
.PP
.I Freopen
substitutes the named file in place
of the open
.IR stream .
It returns the original value of
.IR stream .
The original stream is closed.
.PP
.I Freopen
is typically used to attach the preopened
constant names,
.B stdin, stdout, stderr,
to specified files.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
open(2),
fclose(3)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
.I Fopen
and 
.I freopen
return the pointer
.SM
.B NULL
if
.I filename
cannot be accessed.
.SH BUGS
The "+" syntax is included merely for compatibility with the USG
stdio, and is not to be viewed as true support.
The USG stdio has restrictions on how you can switch from reading
to writing or vice versa.
LibNS has no such restrictions, at a small runtime cost.