CP(1) BSD Reference Manual CP(1) NNAAMMEE ccpp - copy files SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS ccpp [--RR [--HH | --LL | --PP]] [--ffiipp] _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e _t_a_r_g_e_t___f_i_l_e ccpp [--RR [--HH | --LL | --PP]] [--ffiipp] _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e _._._. _t_a_r_g_e_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN In the first synopsis form, the ccpp utility copies the contents of the _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e to the _t_a_r_g_e_t___f_i_l_e. In the second synopsis form, the contents of each named _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e is copied to the destination _t_a_r_g_e_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y. The names of the files themselves are not changed. If ccpp detects an at- tempt to copy a file to itself, the copy will fail. The following options are available: --HH If the --RR option is specified, symbolic links on the command line are followed. (Symbolic links encountered in the tree traversal are not followed.) --LL If the --RR option is specified, all symbolic links are followed. --PP If the --RR option is specified, no symbolic links are followed. --RR If _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e designates a directory, ccpp copies the directory and the entire subtree connected at that point. This option also caus- es symbolic links to be copied, rather than indirected through, and for ccpp to create special files rather than copying them as normal files. Created directories have the same mode as the corresponding source directory, unmodified by the process' umask. --ff For each existing destination pathname, remove it and create a new file, without prompting for confirmation regardless of its permis- sions. (The --ii option is ignored if the --ff option is specified.) --ii Causes ccpp to write a prompt to the standard error output before copying a file that would overwrite an existing file. If the re- sponse from the standard input begins with the character `y', the file copy is attempted. --pp Causes ccpp to preserve in the copy as many of the modification time, access time, file flags, file mode, user ID, and group ID as al- lowed by permissions. If the user ID and group ID cannot be preserved, no error message is displayed and the exit value is not altered. If the source file has its set user ID bit on and the user ID can- not be preserved, the set user ID bit is not preserved in the copy's permissions. If the source file has its set group ID bit on and the group ID cannot be preserved, the set group ID bit is not preserved in the copy's permissions. If the source file has both its set user ID and set group ID bits on, and either the user ID or group ID cannot be preserved, neither the set user ID or set group ID bits are preserved in the copy's permissions. For each destination file that already exists, its contents are overwrit- ten if permissions allow, but its mode, user ID, and group ID are un- changed. In the second synopsis form, _t_a_r_g_e_t___d_i_r_e_c_t_o_r_y must exist unless there is only one named _s_o_u_r_c_e___f_i_l_e which is a directory and the --RR flag is speci- fied. If the destination file does not exist, the mode of the source file is used as modified by the file mode creation mask (uummaasskk, see csh(1)). If the source file has its set user ID bit on, that bit is removed unless both the source file and the destination file are owned by the same user. If the source file has its set group ID bit on, that bit is removed un- less both the source file and the destination file are in the same group and the user is a member of that group. If both the set user ID and set group ID bits are set, all of the above conditions must be fulfilled or both bits are removed. Appropriate permissions are required for file creation or overwriting. Symbolic links are always followed unless the --RR flag is set, in which case symbolic links are not followed, by default. The --HH or --LL flags (in conjunction with the --RR flag) cause symbolic links to be followed as de- scribed above. The --HH, --LL and --PP options are ignored unless the --RR op- tion is specified. In addition, these options override each other and the command's actions are determined by the last one specified. CCpp exits 0 on success, >0 if an error occurred. CCOOMMPPAATTIIBBIILLIITTYY Historic versions of the ccpp utility had a --rr option. This implementation supports that option, however, its use is strongly discouraged, as it does not correctly copy special files, symbolic links or fifo's. SSEEEE AALLSSOO mv(1), rcp(1), umask(2), fts(3), symlink(7) HHIISSTTOORRYY The ccpp command is expected to be IEEE Std1003.2 (``POSIX'') compatible. 4th Berkeley Distribution April 18, 1994 2