# @(#)europe 4.10 # International country codes are used to identify countries' rules and # zones # # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, go # ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to # ado@ncifcrf.gov for general use in the future). ############################################################################### # United Kingdom # From Arthur David Olson (January 19, 1989): # # The starting and ending dates below (from which the rules are derived) # are from Whitaker's Almanack for 1987, page 146. # 1960 is the earliest year for which dates are given; # Whitaker's notes that British Summer Time (and, in some years, Double Summer # Time) was observed in earlier years but does not give start and end dates. # # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. # 1960 April 10 October 2 (yes, 2, according to the almanac) # 1961 March 26 October 29 # 1962 March 25 October 28 # 1963 March 31 October 27 # 1964 March 22 October 25 # 1965 March 21 October 24 # 1966 March 20 October 23 # 1967 March 19 October 29 # 1968 February 18 October 27 # "British Standard Time, also one hour ahead of G. M. T., was kept between # 1968 Oct. 27-1971 Oct. 31." # 1972 March 19 October 29 # 1973 March 18 October 28 # 1974 March 17 October 27 # 1975 March 16 October 26 # 1976 March 21 October 24 # 1977 March 20 October 23 # 1978 March 19 October 29 # 1979 March 18 October 28 # 1980 March 16 October 26 # 1981 March 29 October 25 # 1982 March 28 October 24 # 1983 March 27 October 23 # 1984 March 25 October 28 # 1985 March 31 October 27 # 1986 March 30 October 26 # 1987 March 29 October 25 # From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 4, 1989): # # It is NOT possible to predict when [British Summer Time] will change # in a future year. # # (The admiralty calculate when they think it should be (no more that a couple # of years in advance) and advise the government who then decide whether or # not they will take the admiralty's advice) # # ...the Gre[e]nwich...observatory...[was] very helpful. # # I was not able to track down the Admiralty formula (I tried hard but failed) # ... # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) # From: Jonathan Leffler # ... # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in # politics making a fortune, not computing. # # Summer time ends on Sunday 29 October 1989. # ... # Date: 5 Jan 89 09:50:38 GMT (Thu) # From: Peter Kendell # ... # # From my Collins Diary for 1989 - # # "At the time of going to press the Home Office was unable to confirm # the 1989 starting and finishing dates for BST*, but expressed the # view that 26 March and 29 October were the likeliest dates to be # adopted" # # *British Summer Time. # From an Anonymous U. K. Donor (January 5, 1989): # # . . .our government is seriously considering applying Double Summer Time - # putting the clocks forwards and back TWO hours for daylight saving time. # This is advocated to standardise time in the EEC - we're all supposed to # keep the same time and to change the clocks on the same dates in the future. # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S # Historic starting rules Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr 10 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST # Historic ending rules Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Oct 2 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1961 1967 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT Rule GB-Eire 1971 only - Oct 31 1:00s 0 GMT # Current rules Rule GB-Eire 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 BST Rule GB-Eire 1972 max - Oct Sun>=23 1:00s 0 GMT # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone GB-Eire 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 1:00s 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 1:00s 0:00 GB-Eire %s ############################################################################### # Continental Europe # The use of 1986 as starting years below is conservative. Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule W-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule M-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Mar lastSun 3:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule E-Eur 1986 max - Sep lastSun 3:00s 0 - Rule Turkey 1986 max - Mar lastSun 1:00 1:00 " DST" Rule Turkey 1986 max - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - Rule W-SU 1986 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 " DST" Rule W-SU 1986 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES/SAVE FORMAT [UNTIL] Zone WET 0:00 W-Eur WET%s Zone Iceland 0:00 - WET Zone MET 1:00 M-Eur MET%s Zone Poland 1:00 W-Eur MET%s Zone EET 2:00 E-Eur EET%s Zone Turkey 3:00 Turkey EET%s Zone W-SU 3:00 M-Eur ???? # Tom Hoffman says that MET is also known as Central European Time Link MET CET ############################################################################### # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. # # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) # ... # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 # From: seismo!mcvax!cgcha!wtho (Tom Hofmann) # Message-Id: <8701281556.AA22174@cgcha.uucp> # ... # # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following # years... # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. # # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the # Soviet Union (as far as I know). # # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, # 4002 Basle, Switzerland # UUCP: ...!mcvax!cernvax!cgcha!wtho # ... # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 # From: seismo!mcvax!cwi.nl!dik (Dik T. Winter) # ... # # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. # # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch # dates... # # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours # in advance of normal time. # # ... # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland # INTERNET : dik@cwi.nl # BITNET/EARN: dik@mcvax # From Bob Devine (January 28, 1988): # ... # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). # Since 1978. Change at midnight. # ... # Monaco: has same DST as France. # ...