.\" Copyright (c) 1991 Regents of the University of California. .\" All rights reserved. .\" .\" This code is derived from software contributed to Berkeley by .\" the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. .\" .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions .\" are met: .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software .\" must display the following acknowledgement: .\" This product includes software developed by the University of .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software .\" without specific prior written permission. .\" .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF .\" SUCH DAMAGE. .\" .\" @(#)tr.1 6.6 (Berkeley) 7/30/91 .\" .Dd July 30, 1991 .Dt TR 1 .Os .Sh NAME .Nm tr .Nd Translate Characters. .Sh SYNOPSIS .Nm tr .Op Fl c .Op Fl d | Fl s .Ar string1 string2 .Sh DESCRIPTION The tr utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters. The options specified and the .Ar string1 and .Ar string2 operands control translations that occur while copying characters. .Pp The following options are available: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It Fl c Complements the set of characters in string1 with respect to the universe of characters whose .Tn ISO 646 [4] codes are 00 through 0377 octal. .It Fl d Deletes all input characters in .Ar string1 . .It Fl s Squeezes all output strings of one or more instances of a single character in .Ar string2 to a single instance of that character. Input characters found in .Ar string1 are mapped into the corresponding characters of .Ar string2 . When .Ar string2 is shorter than .Ar string1 , string2 is extended to the length of .Ar string1 by duplicating the last character of .Ar string2 . If .Ar string2 is explicitly a string of zero length, .Ar string2 is padded with .Tn NUL characters. .El .Pp The following operands are available: .Bl -tag -width stringx .It Ar string1 .It Ar string2 Translation character strings. .El .Pp .Pp If the .Fl c option is given in conjunction with the .Fl d option, then only those characters found in .Ar string1 is copied to the standard output. .Pp The following conventions can be used in .Ar string1 or .Ar string2 or both to specify characters, character ranges, character classes, or collating elements: .Bl -tag -width [[:equiv:]] .It character Represents that character. .It \eoctal A backslash followed by 1, 2, or 3 octal digits represents a character with that encoded value. If a \eoctal sequence is followed by digits, the backslash and up to three digits are interpreted to prepare a character; subsequent digits are interpreted as individual characters. .It \echaracter A backslash followed by any character except an octal digit represents that character. .It [c-c] Represents the range of ordered elements between the range endpoints, inclusive. .\" ; as .\" defined by the current setting of the .\" setlocale() category .\" .Em LC_COLLATE . .\" The collating .\" elements are ordered in ascending collating .\" sequence, and the first endpoint shall precede .\" the second in the collating sequence. .It [[:class:]] Represents all characters belonging to the defined character class. .\" as defined by the .\" current setting of the setlocale() category .\" .Ev LC_CTYPE . Allowable names for class are: .Bl -column alpha upper lower digit xdigit -offset indent alpha upper lower digit xdigit alnum space punct print graph cntrl .El .Pp The characters placed in ascending order. .\" .Em LC_COLLATE . .\" (Characters not defined in the .\" current collating sequence are ordered .\" according to the collation sequence's rules .\" for ordering of undefined characters.) .It [[=equiv=]] Represents all characters or collating (sorting) elements belonging to the same equivalence class as equiv. .\" .\" .\" .Em LC_COLLATE . If there is a secondary ordering within the equivalence class, the characters are ordered in ascending sequence. Otherwise, they are ordered after their encoded values. .It [[.cs.]] Represents a collating symbol. Multicharacter collating symbols shall be represented as collating symbols to distinguish them from a string of the same characters. .It [x*n] Represents n repeated occurrences of the character or collating symbol x. This expression is only valid when it occurs in .Ar string2 . If n is omitted or is zero, it is be interpreted as large enough to extend the .Ar string2 Ns -based sequence to the length of the .Ar string1 Ns -based sequence. If n has a leading zero, it shall be interpreted as an octal value. Otherwise, it shall be interpreted as a decimal value. .El .Pp Characters belonging to an equivalence class occupy the same position in the sequence, ordered after secondary ordering. .Pp The .Nm tr utility exits with one of the following values: .Bl -tag -width Ds .It 0 All input was processed successfully. .It 1 An error occurred. .El .Sh STANDARDS The .Nm tr utility is expected to be .St -p1003.2 compatible.