.B lpd (8) - line printer daemon .br .B lpdrestart \- restart downed daemons at reboot time .B lpq (1) - spool queue examination program .B lpr (1) - off line print .B lprm (1) - remove jobs from the line printer spooling queue .B printcap (5) - printer capability data base \*(dB (1) - debugger a.out (5) - assembler and link editor output aardvark (6) - yet another exploration game abort (3) - generate a fault abort (3F) - terminate abruptly with memory image abs (3) - integer absolute value ac (8) - login accounting accept (2) - accept a connection on a socket access (2) - determine accessibility of file access (3F) - determine accessability of a file acct (2) - turn accounting on or off acct (5) - execution accounting file adb (1) - debugger adduser (8) - procedure for adding new users adventure (6) - an exploration game alarm (3F) - execute a subroutine after a specified time aliases (5) - aliases file for delivermail aliens (6) - The alien invaders attack the earth analyze (8) - Virtual UNIX postmortem crash analyzer apl (1) - an apl interpreter apply (1) - apply a command to a set of arguments apropos (1) - locate commands by keyword lookup ar (1) - archive and library maintainer ar (5) - archive (library) file format arcv (8) - convert archives to new format arff, flcopy (8) - archiver and copier for floppy arithmetic (6) - provide drill in number facts as (1) - assembler ascii (7) - map of ASCII character set assert (3X) - program verification at (1) - execute commands at a later time atof, atoi, atol (3) - convert ASCII to numbers autoconf (4) - diagnostics from autoconfiguartion code awk (1) - pattern scanning and processing language backgammon (6) - the game bad144 (8) - read/write dec standard 144 bad sector information badsect (8) - create files to contain bad sectors banner (6) - print large banner on printer basename (1) - strip filename affixes bc (1) - arbitrary-precision arithmetic language bcd (6) - convert to antique media bessel functions (3F) - of two kinds for integer orders biff (1) - be notified if mail arrives and who it is from bind (2) - bind a name to a socket bis, bic, setbit, bit (3F) - bit set, clear, test routines .sp 1 and, or, xor, not \- bitwise functions .sp 1 rshift, lshift \- bit shifting functions bk (4) - line discipline for machine-machine communication boggle (6) - play the game of boggle brk, sbrk, break (2) - change data segment size cal (1) - print calendar calendar (1) - reminder service call (1C) - ring a telephone cat (1) - catenate and print catman (8) - create the cat files for the manual cb (1) - C program beautifier cc (1) - C compiler cd (1) - change working directory chase (6) - Try to escape to killer robots chdir (2) - change current working directory chdir (3F) - change default directory checknr (1) - check nroff/troff files chess (6) - the game of chess chfn (1) - change full name of user chgrp (1) - change group ching, fortune (6) - the book of changes and other cookies chmod (1) - change mode chmod (2) - change mode of file chown (2) - change owner and group of a file chown (8) - change owner chsh (1) - change default login shell cifplot (1) - CIF interpreter and plotter clear (1) - clear terminal screen close (2) - free a descriptor clri (8) - clear i-node cmp (1) - compare two files col (1) - filter reverse line feeds colcrt (1) - filter nroff output for CRT previewing colrm (1) - remove columns from a file comm (1) - select or reject lines common to two sorted files compact, uncompact, ccat (1) - compress and uncompress files, and cat them config (8) - Build system configuration files connect (2) - initiate a connection on a socket cons (4) - console interface core (5) - format of memory image file cp (1) - copy crash (8) - what happens when the system crashes cribbage (6) - the card game cribbage cron (8) - clock daemon crypt (1) - encode/decode crypt, setkey, encrypt (3) - DES encryption csh (1) - a shell (command interpreter) with C-like syntax ct (4) - phototypesetter interface ctags (1) - create a tags file ctime, localtime, gmtime, asctime, timezone (3) - convert date and time to ASCII cu (1C) - call UNIX curses (3) - screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion date (1) - print and set the date dbminit, fetch, store, delete, firstkey, nextkey (3X) - data base subroutines dc (1) - desk calculator dcheck (8) - file system directory consistency check dd (1) - convert and copy a file delivermail (8) - deliver mail to arbitrary people deroff (1) - remove nroff, troff, tbl and eqn constructs df (1) - disk free dh/dm (4) - DH-11/DM-11 communications multiplexer diction,explain (1) - print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction diction,explain (1) - print wordy sentences; thesaurus for diction diff (1) - differential file and directory comparator diff3 (1) - 3-way differential file comparison dir (5) - format of directories dmc (4I) - DEC DMC-11 point-to-point communications device dmesg (8) - collect system diagnostic messages to form error log doctor (6) - interact with a psychoanalyst drum (4) - paging device dsh (1X) - distributed shell du (1) - summarize disk usage dump (8) - incremental file system dump dump, ddate (5) - incremental dump format dumpdir (8) - print the names of files on a dump tape dup, dup2 (2) - duplicate a descriptor dz (4) - DZ-11 communications multiplexer ec (4I) - 3Com 10 Mb/s Ethernet interface echo (1) - echo arguments ecvt, fcvt, gcvt (3) - output conversion ed (1) - text editor efl (1) - Extended Fortran Language en (4I) - Xerox 3 Mb/s Ethernet interface end, etext, edata (3) - last locations in program environ (5) - user environment eqn, neqn, checkeq (1) - typeset mathematics eqnchar (7) - special character definitions for eqn error (1) - analyze and disperse compiler error messages etime, dtime (3F) - return elapsed execution time ex, edit (1) - text editor execv, execve (2) - execute a file exit (2) - terminate process exit (3F) - terminate process with status exp, log, log10, pow, sqrt (3M) - exponential, logarithm, power, square root expand, unexpand (1) - expand tabs to spaces, and vice versa expr (1) - evaluate arguments as an expression eyacc (1) - modified yacc allowing much improved error recovery f77 (1) - Fortran 77 compiler fabs, floor, ceil (3M) - absolute value, floor, ceiling functions fclose, fflush (3S) - close or flush a stream fdate (3F) - return date and time in an ASCII string feof, ferror, clearerr, fileno (3S) - stream status inquiries file (1) - determine file type filsys, flblk, ino (5) - format of file system volume find (1) - find files finger (1) - user information lookup program fish (6) - play ``Go Fish'' fl (4) - floppy interface flmin, flmax, dflmin, dflmax, inmax (3F) - return extreme values flock (2) - apply or remove an advisory lock on an open file flush (3F) - flush output to a logical unit fmt (1) - simple text formatter fold (1) - fold long lines for finite width output device fopen, freopen, fdopen (3S) - open a stream fork (2) - create a new process fork (3F) - create a copy of this process format (8) - how to format disk packs fortune (6) - print a random, hopefully interesting, adage fp (1) - Functional Programming language compiler/interpreter fread, fwrite (3S) - buffered binary input/output frexp, ldexp, modf (3) - split into mantissa and exponent from (1) - who is my mail from? fsck (8) - file system consistency check and interactive repair fseek, ftell (3F) - reposition a file on a logical unit fseek, ftell, rewind (3S) - reposition a stream fstab (5) - static information about the filesystems fsync (2) - synchronize a file's in-core state with that on disk ftp (1) - file transfer program gamma (3M) - log gamma function gcore (1) - get core images of running processes getarg, iargc (3F) - command arguments to Fortran getc, fgetc (3F) - get a character from a logical unit getc, getchar, fgetc, getw (3S) - get character or word from stream getcwd (3F) - get pathname of current working directory getdopt, setdopt (2) - get/set options associated with a descriptor getdprop (2) - get properties of a descriptor getdtablesize (2) - get descriptor table size getenv (3) - value for environment name getenv (3F) - get value of environment variables getfsent, getfsspec, getfsfile, setfsent, endfsent (3) - get file system descriptor file entry getgid, getegid (2) - get group identity getgrent, getgrgid, getgrnam, setgrent, endgrent (3) - get group file entry getgroups (2) - get group access list gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent (3) - get network host entry gethostent, gethostbyaddr, gethostbyname, sethostent, endhostent (3N) - get network host entry gethostid, sethostid (2) - get/set unique identifier of current host gethostname, sethostname (2) - get/set name of current host getitimer (2) - get value of interval timer getlog (3F) - get user's login name getlogin (3) - get login name getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent (3) - get network entry getnetent, getnetbyaddr, getnetbyname, setnetent, endnetent (3N) - get network entry getpagesize (2) - get system page size getpass (3) - read a password getpgrp (2) - get process group getpid (2) - get process identification getpid (3F) - get process id getpriority, setpriority (2) - get/set program scheduling priority getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent (3) - get protocol entry getprotoent, getprotobynumber, getprotobyname, setprotoent, endprotoent (3N) - get protocol entry getpw (3) - get name from uid getpwent, getpwuid, getpwnam, setpwent, endpwent (3) - get password file entry getrlimit, setrlimit (2) - control maximum system resource consumption getrusage (2) - get information about resource utilization gets (1) - get a string from standard input gets, fgets (3S) - get a string from a stream getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent (3) - get protocol entry getservent, getservbyport, getservbyname, setservent, endservent (3N) - get protocol entry gettimeofday, settimeofday (2) - get/set date and time getty (8) - set terminal mode getuid, geteuid (2) - get user identity getuid, getgid (3F) - get user or group ID of the caller getwd (3) - get current working directory pathname gprof (1) - display call graph profile data graph (1G) - draw a graph greek (7) - graphics for extended TTY-37 type-box grep, egrep, fgrep (1) - search a file for a pattern group (5) - group file groups (1) - show group memberships halt (8) - stop the processor hangman (6) - Computer version of the game hangman head (1) - give first few lines hier (7) - file system hierarchy hk (4) - RK6-11/RK06 and RK07 moving head disk hostname (1) - set or print name of current host system hosts (5) - host name data base hp (4) - RP06, RM03, RM05, RM80, RP07 MASSBUS moving-head disk ht (4) - TM-03/TE-16,TU-45,TU-77 MASSBUS magtape interface hypot, cabs (3M) - Euclidean distance icheck (8) - file system storage consistency check idate, itime (3F) - return date or time in numerical form imp (4I) - 1822 Network Interface imp (4P) - IMP raw socket interface indent (I) - indent and format a C program source index, rindex, lnblnk, len (3F) - tell about character objects inet (4F) - Internet protocol family inet_addr, inet_network, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof (3) - Internet address manipulation routines inet_addr, inet_network, inet_makeaddr, inet_lnaof, inet_netof (3N) - Internet address manipulation routines inigrp (3X) - initialize group access init (8) - process control initialization install (1) - install binaries intro (1) - introduction to commands intro (3) - introduction to library functions intro (4) - introduction to special files intro, errno (2) - introduction to system calls and error numbers ioctl (2) - control device iostat (1) - report I/O statistics ip (4P) - Internet Protocol isalpha, isupper, islower, isdigit, isalnum, isspace, ispunct, isprint, iscntrl, isascii (3) - character classification j0, j1, jn, y0, y1, yn (3M) - bessel functions jobs (3J) - summary of job control facilities join (1) - relational database operator kgmon (8) - generate a dump of the operating systems profile buffers kill (1) - terminate a process with extreme prejudice kill (2) - send signal to a process kill (3F) - send a signal to a process killpg (2) - send signal to a process group l3tol, ltol3 (3) - convert between 3-byte integers and long integers last (1) - indicate last logins of users and teletypes lastcomm (1) - show last commands executed in reverse order ld (1) - link editor learn (1) - computer aided instruction about UNIX leave (1) - remind you when you have to leave lex (1) - generator of lexical analysis programs link (2) - make a hard link to a file link (3F) - make a link to an existing file lint (1) - a C program verifier lisp (1) - lisp interpreter listen (2) - listen for connections on a socket liszt (1) - compile a Franz Lisp program ln (1) - make links loc (3F) - return the address of an object lock (1) - reserve a terminal login (1) - sign on look (1) - find lines in a sorted list loop (4I) - software loopback interface lorder (1) - find ordering relation for an object library lp (4) - line printer ls (1) - list contents of directory lseek (2) - move read/write pointer lxref (1) - lisp cross reference program m4 (1) - macro processor madvise (2) - give advice to the paging system mail (1) - send and receive mail mail (1) - send or receive mail among users make (1) - maintain program groups makekey (8) - generate encryption key malloc, free, realloc, calloc (3) - main memory allocator man (1) - find manual information by keywords; print out the manual man (7) - macros to typeset manual map (2) - map pages of memory me (7) - macros for formatting papers mem, kmem (4) - main memory mesg (1) - permit or deny messages mille (6) - play Mille Bournes mincore (2) - find out about core resident pages mkdir (1) - make a directory mkdir (2) - make a directory file mkfs (8) - construct a file system mklost+found (8) - make a lost+found directory for fsck mknod (2) - make a special file mknod (8) - build special file mkproto (8) - construct a pototype file system mkstr (1) - create an error message file by massaging C source mktemp (3) - make a unique file name monitor, monstartup (3) - prepare execution profile monop (6) - Monopoly game more, page (1) - file perusal filter for crt viewing mount, umount (8) - mount and dismount file system mount, unmount (2) - mount or remove file system mpxio (5) - multiplexed i/o ms (7) - macros for formatting manuscripts msgs (1) - system messages and junk mail program mt (1) - magnetic tape manipulating program mt (4) - UNIX magtape interface mtab (5) - mounted file system table mv (1) - move or rename files ncheck (8) - generate names from i-numbers net (1) - execute a command on a remote machine net (4) - introduction to networking facilities netcp (1) - remote copy of files through the net netlog (1) - print the last few lines of the network log file netlogin (1) - provide login name and password for a remote machine netlpr (1) - use a remote lineprinter through the net netmail (1) - read mail on a remote machine over the network netq (1) - print contents of network queue netrm (1) - remove a command from the network queue netstat (1) - network statistics program netstat (1) - network statistics program nettroff (1) - troff to the phototypesetter over the network networks (5) - network name data base newaliases (1) - rebuild the data base for the mail aliases file newcsh (1) - description of new csh features (over oldcsh) nice, nohup (1) - run a command at low priority (\fIsh\fR only) nlist (3) - get entries from name list nm (1) - print name list null (4) - data sink num (1) - number lines number (6) - convert Arabic numerals to English od (1) - octal dump old (8) - directory of old programs open (2) - open a file for reading or writing, or create a new file opendir, readdir, telldir, seekdir, rewinddir, closedir (3X) - directory operations passwd (1) - change login password passwd (5) - password file pc (1) - Pascal compiler pdx (1) - pascal debugger perror, gerror, ierrno (3F) - get system error messages perror, sys_errlist, sys_nerr (3) - system error messages phones (5) - remote host phone number data base .ad pi (1) - Pascal interpreter code translator pipe (2) - create an interprocess communication channel pix (1) - Pascal interpreter and executor plot (1G) - graphics filters plot (5) - graphics interface plot: openpl et al. (3X) - graphics interface pmerge (1) - pascal file merger popen, pclose (3S) - initiate I/O to/from a process pr (1) - print file print (1) - pr to the line printer printenv (1) - print out the environment printf, fprintf, sprintf (3S) - formatted output conversion prmail (1) - print out mail in the post office prof (1) - display profile data protocols (5) - protocol name data base ps (1) - process status pstat (8) - print system facts pti (1) - phototypesetter interpreter ptrace (2) - process trace ptx (1) - permuted index pty (4) - pseudo terminal driver pup (4F) - Xerox PUP-I protocol family pup (4P) - raw PUP socket interface putc, fputc (3F) - write a character to a fortran logical unit putc, putchar, fputc, putw (3S) - put character or word on a stream puts, fputs (3S) - put a string on a stream pwd (1) - working directory name px (1) - Pascal interpreter pxp (1) - Pascal execution profiler pxref (1) - Pascal cross-reference program qsort (3) - quicker sort qsort (3F) - quick sort quiz (6) - test your knowledge quot (8) - summarize file system ownership rain (6) - animated raindrops display rand, drand, irand (3F) - return random values rand, srand (3) - random number generator random, srandom (3) - better random number generator .br initstate, setstate \- routines for changing generators ranlib (1) - convert archives to random libraries ratfor (1) - rational Fortran dialect rc (8) - command script for auto-reboot and daemons rcp (1X) - remote file copy rdump (1) - file system dump across the network re_comp, re_exec (3) - regular expression handler read, readv (2) - read from file readlink (2) - read value of a symbolic link reboot (2) - reboot system or halt processor reboot (8) - UNIX bootstrapping procedures recv, recvfrom, recvmsg (2) - receive a message from a socket refer, lookbib (1) - find and insert literature references in documents remap (2) - remap pages of memory remote (5) - remote host description file .ad rename (2) - change the name of a file renice (8) - alter priority of running process by changing nice reset (1) - reset the teletype bits to a sensible state restore (8) - incremental file system restore rev (1) - reverse lines of a file revoke (2) - revoke access to an object associated with a descriptor rewind (1) - rewind tape drive rexec (3X) - return stream to a remote command rhost, raddr (3X) - look up internet hosts by name or address rlogin (1X) - remote login rm, rmdir (1) - remove (unlink) files rmdir (2) - remove a directory file rogue (6) - Exploring The Dungeons of Doom routed (8) - network routing daemon rsh (1X) - remote shell ruptime (1X) - show host status of local machines rv (4) - Racal/Vadic ACU interface rwho (1X) - who's logged in on local machines sa, accton (8) - system accounting savecore (8) - save a core dump of the operating system scandir (3) - scan a directory scanf, fscanf, sscanf (3S) - formatted input conversion script (1) - make typescript of terminal session sdb (1) - symbolic debugger sed (1) - stream editor see (1) - see what a file has in it select (2) - synchronous i/o multiplexing send, sendto, sendmsg (2) - send a message from a socket sendmail (8) - send mail over the internet services (5) - service name data base setbuf (3S) - assign buffering to a stream setgroups (2) - set group access list setjmp, longjmp (3) - non-local goto setpgrp (2) - set process group setregid (2) - set real and effective group ID setreuid (2) - set real and effective user ID's sh, for, case, if, while, \fB:\fP, \fB.\fP, break, continue, cd, eval, exec, exit, export, login, newgrp, read, readonly, set, shift, times, trap, umask, wait (1) - command language shutdown (8) - close down the system at a given time signal (2) - catch or ignore signals signal (3F) - change the action for a signal sigset, signal, sighold, sigignore, sigrelse, sigpause (3) - manage signals sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan, atan2 (3M) - trigonometric functions sinh, cosh, tanh (3M) - hyperbolic functions size (1) - size of an object file sleep (1) - suspend execution for an interval sleep (3) - suspend execution for interval sleep (3F) - sleep for awhile snake, snscore (6) - display chase game socket (2) - create an endpoint for communication socketpair (2) - create a pair of connected sockets soelim (1) - eliminate \&.so's from nroff input sort (1) - sort or merge files spell, spellin, spellout (1) - find spelling errors spline (1G) - interpolate smooth curve split (1) - split a file into pieces stab (5) - symbol table types stat, fstat (3F) - get file status stat, lstat, fstat (2) - get file status stdio (3S) - standard buffered input/output package sticky (8) - executable files with persistent text stk, sstk (2) - change stack segment size strcat, strncat, strcmp, strncmp, strcpy, strncpy, strlen, index, rindex (3) - string operations strings (1) - find the printable strings in a object, or other binary, file strip (1) - remove symbols and relocation bits struct (1) - structure Fortran programs stty (1) - set terminal options style (1) - analyze surface characteristics of a document su (1) - substitute user id temporarily sum (1) - sum and count blocks in a file swab (3) - swap bytes swapon (8) - specify additional device for paging and swapping swapon, swapoff (2) - add/delete a swap device for interleaved paging/swapping symlink (2) - make symbolic link to a file symorder (1) - rearrange name list sync (2) - update super-block sync (8) - update the super block syscall (2) - indirect system call sysline (1) - display system status on status line of a terminal system (3) - issue a shell command system (3F) - execute a unix command tabs (1) - set terminal tabs tail (1) - deliver the last part of a file talk (l) - talk to another user tar (1) - tape archiver tbl (1) - format tables for nroff or troff tc (1) - photypesetter simulator tcp (4P) - Internet Transmission Control Protocol tee (1) - pipe fitting telnet (1) - communicate using TELNET protocol .IX protocol .IX "\*itelnet\*r command" .IX "TELNET protocol" telnet (1) - user interface to the TELNET protocol termcap (5) - terminal capability data base terminals (7) - conventional names test (1) - condition command tgetent, tgetnum, tgetflag, tgetstr, tgoto, tputs (3) - terminal independent operation routines time (1) - time a command time, ctime, ltime, gmtime (3F) - return system time tip (1) - connect to a remote system tk (1) - paginator for the Tektronix 4014 tm (4) - TM-11/TE-10 magtape interface touch (1) - update date last modified of a file tp (1) - manipulate tape archive tp (5) - DEC/mag tape formats tr (1) - translate characters traper (3F) - trap arithmetic errors trapov (3F) - trap and repair floating point overflow trek (6) - trekkie game trman (1) - translate version 6 manual macros to version 7 macros troff, nroff (1) - text formatting and typesetting trpt (8) - transliterate protocol trace true, false (1) - provide truth values truncate (2) - truncate a file to a specified length ts (4) - TS-11 magtape interface tset (1) - set terminal modes tsort (1) - topological sort tty (1) - get terminal name tty (4) - general terminal interface ttynam, isatty (3F) - find name of a terminal port ttyname, isatty, ttyslot (3) - find name of a terminal ttys (5) - terminal initialization data ttytype (5) - data base of terminal types by port types (5) - primitive system data types udp (4P) - Internet User Datagram Protocol ul (1) - do underlining umask (2) - set file creation mode mask un (4I) - Ungermann-Bass interface ungetc (3S) - push character back into input stream uniq (1) - report repeated lines in a file units (1) - conversion program unlink (2) - remove directory entry unlink (3F) - remove a directory entry unmap (2) - unmap pages of memory up (4) - unibus storage module controller/drives update (8) - periodically update the super block uptime (1) - show how long system has been up users (1) - compact list of users who are on the system utimes (2) - set file times utmp, wtmp (5) - login records uuclean (1C) - uucp spool directory clean-up uucp, uulog (1C) - unix to unix copy uudiff (1C) - directory comparison between machines uuencode (5) - format of an encoded uuencode file uuencode,uudecode (1C) - encode/decode a binary file for tranmission via mail uusend (1C) - send a file to a remote host uux (1C) - unix to unix command execution va (4) - Benson-Varian interface valloc (3) - aligned memory allocator varargs (3) - variable argument list vfont (5) - font formats for the Benson-Varian or Versatec vfontinfo (1) - inspect and print out information about unix fonts vgrind (1) - grind nice listings of programs vgrindefs (5) - vgrind's language definition data base vi (1) - screen oriented (visual) display editor based on ex vipw (8) - edit the password file with vi vlp \(em Format Lisp programs to be printed with nroff, vtroff, or troff(1) vmstat (1) - report virtual memory statistics vp (4) - Versatec interface vpac (8) - print raster printer/ploter accounting information vpr, vprm, vpq, vprint (1) - raster printer/plotter spooler vtroff (1) - troff to a raster plotter w (1) - who is on and what they are doing wait (1) - await completion of process wait (2) - wait for process to terminate wait (3F) - wait for a process to terminate wait3 (2J) - wait for process to terminate wall (1) - write to all users wc (1) - word count what (1) - show what versions of object modules were used to construct a file whatis (1) - describe what a command is whereis (1) - locate source, binary, and or manual for program which (1) - locate a program file including aliases and paths (\fIcsh\fR only) who (1) - who is on the system whoami (1) - print effective current user id worm (6) - Play the growing worm game worms (6) - animate worms on a display terminal wrap (2) - wrap a descriptor with a protocol interpreter write (1) - write to another user write, writev (2) - write on a file wsh (1X) - distributed shell wtmp (5) - user login history wump (6) - the game of hunt-the-wumpus xsend, xget, enroll (1) - secret mail xstr (1) - extract strings from C programs to implement shared strings yacc (1) - yet another compiler-compiler yes (1) - be repetitively affirmative zork (6) - the game of dungeon