From 3cf3cd63df837c36950042d2a79078efd62faedb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Bill Joy Date: Sun, 25 Nov 1979 01:42:06 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] BSD 3 development Work on file usr/man/man1/eqn.1 Synthesized-from: 3bsd --- usr/man/man1/eqn.1 | 303 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 303 insertions(+) create mode 100644 usr/man/man1/eqn.1 diff --git a/usr/man/man1/eqn.1 b/usr/man/man1/eqn.1 new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..51f313ed2d --- /dev/null +++ b/usr/man/man1/eqn.1 @@ -0,0 +1,303 @@ +.EQ +delim $$ +.EN +.TH EQN 1 +.SH NAME +eqn, neqn, checkeq \- typeset mathematics +.SH SYNOPSIS +.B eqn +[ +.BR \-d xy +] [ +.BR \-p n +] [ +.BR \-s n +] [ +.BR \-f n +] +[ file ] ... +.br +.B checkeq +[ file ] ... +.SH DESCRIPTION +.I Eqn +is a +troff(1) +preprocessor +for typesetting mathematics +on a Graphic Systems phototypesetter, +.I neqn +on terminals. +Usage is almost always +.PP + eqn file ... | troff +.br + neqn file ... | nroff +.PP +If no files are specified, +these programs +reads from the standard input. +A line beginning with `.EQ' marks the start of an equation; +the end of an equation +is marked by a line beginning with `.EN'. +Neither of these lines is altered, +so they may be defined in macro packages +to get +centering, numbering, etc. +It is also possible to set two characters as `delimiters'; +subsequent text between delimiters is also treated as +.ul +eqn +input. +Delimiters may be set to characters +.I x +and +.I y +with the command-line argument +.BI \-d xy +or (more commonly) with +`delim +.IR xy ' +between .EQ and .EN. +The left and right delimiters may be identical. +Delimiters are turned off by `delim off'. +All text that is neither between delimiters nor between .EQ and .EN +is passed through untouched. +.PP +The program +.I checkeq +reports missing or unbalanced delimiters and .EQ/.EN pairs. +.PP +Tokens within +.I eqn +are separated by +spaces, tabs, newlines, braces, double quotes, +tildes or circumflexes. +Braces {} are used for grouping; +generally speaking, +anywhere a single character like +.I x +could appear, a complicated construction +enclosed in braces may be used instead. +Tilde ~ represents a full space in the output, +circumflex ^ half as much. +.PP +.vs 13p +Subscripts and superscripts are produced with the keywords +.B sub +and +.B sup. +Thus +.I "x sub i" +makes +$x sub i$, +.I "a sub i sup 2" +produces +$a sub i sup 2$, +and +.I "e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}" +gives +$e sup {x sup 2 + y sup 2}$. +.PP +Fractions are made with +.BR over : +.I "a over b" +yields $a over b$. +.PP +.B sqrt +makes square roots: +.I "1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}" +results in +$1 over sqrt {ax sup 2 +bx+c}$ . +.PP +The keywords +.B from +and +.B to +introduce lower and upper +limits on arbitrary things: +$lim from {n-> inf} sum from 0 to n x sub i$ +is made with +.I "lim from {n\-> inf } sum from 0 to n x sub i." +.PP +Left and right brackets, braces, etc., of the right height are made with +.B left +and +.B right: +.I "left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1" +produces +$left [ x sup 2 + y sup 2 over alpha right ] ~=~1$. +The +.B right +clause is optional. +Legal characters after +.B left +and +.B right +are braces, brackets, bars, +.B c +and +.B f +for ceiling and floor, +and "" for nothing at all (useful for a right-side-only bracket). +.PP +Vertical piles of things are made with +.BR pile , +.BR lpile , +.BR cpile , +and +.BR rpile : +.I "pile {a above b above c}" +produces +$pile {a above b above c}$. +There can be an arbitrary number of elements in a pile. +.B lpile +left-justifies, +.B pile +and +.B cpile +center, with different vertical spacing, +and +.B rpile +right justifies. +.PP +Matrices are made with +.BR matrix : +.I "matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } }" +produces +$matrix { lcol { x sub i above y sub 2 } ccol { 1 above 2 } }$. +In addition, there is +.B rcol +for a right-justified column. +.PP +.vs 12p +Diacritical marks are made with +.BR dot , +.BR dotdot , +.BR hat , +.BR tilde , +.BR bar , +.BR vec , +.BR dyad , +and +.BR under : +.I "x dot = f(t) bar" +is +$x dot = f(t) bar$, +.I "y dotdot bar ~=~ n under" +is +$y dotdot bar ~=~ n under$, +and +.I "x vec ~=~ y dyad" +is +$x vec ~=~ y dyad$. +.PP +Sizes and font can be changed with +.B size +.I n +or +.B size +.BI \(+- n, +.BR roman , +.BR italic , +.BR bold , +and +.BR font +.I n. +Size and fonts can be changed globally in a document by +.B gsize +.I n +and +.B gfont +.IR n , +or by the command-line arguments +.BI \-s n +and +.BI \-f n. +.PP +Normally subscripts and superscripts are reduced by +3 point sizes from the previous size; +this may be changed by the command-line argument +.BI \-p n. +.PP +Successive display arguments can be lined up. +Place +.B mark +before the desired lineup point in the first equation; +place +.B lineup +at the place that is to line up vertically in subsequent equations. +.PP +Shorthands may be defined +or existing keywords redefined with +.BI define : +.I "define thing % replacement %" +defines a new token called +.I thing +which will be replaced by +.I replacement +whenever it appears thereafter. +The +.I % +may be any character that does not occur in +.I replacement. +.PP +Keywords like +.I sum +.EQ +( sum ) +.EN +.I int +.EQ +( int ) +.EN +.I inf +.EQ +( inf ) +.EN +and shorthands like +>= +.EQ +(>=) +.EN +\-> +.EQ +(->), +.EN +and +!= +.EQ +( != ) +.EN +are recognized. +Greek letters are spelled out in the desired case, as in +.I alpha +or +.I GAMMA. +Mathematical words like sin, cos, log are made Roman automatically. +.IR Troff (1) +four-character escapes like \e(bs (\(bs) +can be used anywhere. +Strings enclosed in double quotes "..." +are passed through untouched; +this permits keywords to be entered as text, +and can be used to communicate +with +.I troff +when all else fails. +.SH "SEE ALSO" +.PP +troff(1), tbl(1), ms(7), eqnchar(7) +.br +B. W. Kernighan and L. L. Cherry, +.ul +Typesetting Mathematics\(emUser's Guide +.br +J. F. Ossanna, +.ul +NROFF/TROFF User's Manual +.SH BUGS +.PP +To embolden digits, parens, etc., +it is necessary to quote them, +as in `bold "12.3"'. -- 2.20.1