From ecdf96ebd52b8b1a496b40e3f90e17f58e30acba Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Kirk McKusick Date: Wed, 15 May 1985 22:09:56 -0800 Subject: [PATCH] manual page distributed with 4.2BSD SCCS-vsn: share/man/man3/intro.3 5.1 --- usr/src/share/man/man3/intro.3 | 478 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----- 1 file changed, 415 insertions(+), 63 deletions(-) diff --git a/usr/src/share/man/man3/intro.3 b/usr/src/share/man/man3/intro.3 index ffe9037a00..708622c8ef 100644 --- a/usr/src/share/man/man3/intro.3 +++ b/usr/src/share/man/man3/intro.3 @@ -2,30 +2,31 @@ .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. .\" -.\" @(#)intro.3 4.1 (Berkeley) %G% +.\" @(#)intro.3 5.1 (Berkeley) %G% .\" -.TH INTRO 3 +.TH INTRO 3 "2 April 1983" .UC 4 .SH NAME intro \- introduction to library functions -.SH SYNOPSIS -.B #include -.PP -.B #include .SH DESCRIPTION This section describes functions that may be found -in various libraries, other than those functions -that directly invoke UNIX system primitives, -which are described in section 2. -Functions are divided into various libraries distinguished -by the section number at the top of the page: +in various libraries. The library functions are those other than the +functions which directly invoke UNIX system primitives, described in section 2. +This section has the libraries physically grouped together. This is a +departure from older versions of the UNIX Programmer's Reference Manual, +which did not group functions by library. +The functions described in this section are grouped into various libraries: .TP 6n -(3) -These functions, together with those of section 2 and those -marked (3S), constitute library -.I libc, +(3) and (3S) +The straight ``3'' functions are the standard C library functions. The +C library also includes all the functions described in section 2. The +3S functions comprise the standard I/O library. Together with the +(3N), (3X), and (3C) routines, these functions constitute +library \fIlibc\fP, which is automatically loaded by the C compiler -.IR cc (1) +.IR cc (1), +the Pascal compiler +.IR pc (1), and the Fortran compiler .IR f77 (1). The link editor @@ -34,49 +35,61 @@ searches this library under the `\-lc' option. Declarations for some of these functions may be obtained from include files indicated on the appropriate pages. .TP -(3J) -These functions are part of the job control facilities, -contained in the library -.RB \*(lq \-ljobs .\*(rq -The job control facilities -are outlined in -.IR jobs (3). +(3F) +The 3F functions are all functions callable from FORTRAN. These +functions perform the same jobs as do the straight ``3'' functions. .TP (3M) These functions constitute the math library, -.I libm. -They are automatically loaded as needed by the Fortran compiler +.IR libm . +They are automatically loaded as needed by the Pascal +compiler +.IR pc (1) +and the Fortran compiler .IR f77 (1). The link editor searches this library under the `\-lm' option. -Declarations for these functions may be obtained from -the include file . +Declarations for these functions may be obtained from the include file +.RI < math.h >. +.TP +(3N) +These functions constitute the internet network library, .TP (3S) -These functions constitute the -`standard I/O package', -see -.IR stdio (3). +These functions constitute the `standard I/O package', see +.IR intro (3S). These functions are in the library .I libc -already mentioned. -Declarations for these functions may be obtained from -the include file . +already mentioned. Declarations for these functions may be obtained from +the include file +.RI < stdio.h >. .TP (3X) -Various -specialized libraries have not been given distinctive -captions. -Files in which such libraries are found are named -on appropriate pages. +Various specialized libraries have not been given distinctive captions. +Files in which such libraries are found are named on appropriate pages. +.TP +(3C) +Routines included for compatibility with other systems. In particular, +a number of system call interfaces provided in previous releases of +4BSD have been included for source code compatibility. The manual page +entry for each compatibility routine indicates the proper interface to use. .SH FILES .nf /lib/libc.a -/lib/libm.a, /usr/lib/libm.a (one or the other) -/usr/lib/libjobs.a +/usr/lib/libm.a +/usr/lib/libc_p.a +/usr/lib/libm_p.a .fi .SH SEE ALSO -stdio(3), -nm(1), ld(1), cc(1), f77(1), intro(2) +intro(3C), +intro(3S), +intro(3F), +intro(3M), +intro(3N), +nm(1), +ld(1), +cc(1), +f77(1), +intro(2) .SH DIAGNOSTICS Functions in the math library (3M) may return conventional values when the function is undefined for the @@ -85,25 +98,364 @@ In these cases the external variable .I errno (see .IR intro (2)) -is set to the value EDOM -or ERANGE. -The values of EDOM and ERANGE are defined in -the include file -.I . -.SH "ASSEMBLER (PDP-11)" -In assembly language these functions may be accessed -by simulating the C calling sequence. -For example, -.IR ecvt (3) -might be called this way: -.IP "" -.globl _ecvt +is set to the value EDOM (domain error) or ERANGE (range error). +The values of EDOM and ERANGE are defined in the include file +.RI < math.h >. +.SH "LIST OF FUNCTIONS" +.sp 2 .nf -setd -mov $sign,\-(sp) -mov $decpt,\-(sp) -mov ndigit,\-(sp) -movf value,\-(sp) -jsr pc,_ecvt -add $14.,sp +.ta \w'getprotobynumber'u+2n +\w'getprotoent'u+10n +\fIName\fP \fIAppears on Page\fP \fIDescription\fP +.ta \w'getprotobynumber'u+4n +\w'getprotoent'u+4n +.sp 5p +abort abort.3 generate a fault +abort abort.3f terminate abruptly with memory image +abs abs.3 integer absolute value +access access.3f determine accessability of a file +acos sin.3m trigonometric functions +alarm alarm.3c schedule signal after specified time +alarm alarm.3f execute a subroutine after a specified time +alloca malloc.3 memory allocator +arc plot.3x graphics interface +asctime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII +asin sin.3m trigonometric functions +assert assert.3x program verification +atan sin.3m trigonometric functions +atan2 sin.3m trigonometric functions +atof atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers +atoi atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers +atol atof.3 convert ASCII to numbers +bcmp bstring.3 bit and byte string operations +bcopy bstring.3 bit and byte string operations +bessel bessel.3f of two kinds for integer orders +bit bit.3f and, or, xor, not, rshift, lshift bitwise functions +bzero bstring.3 bit and byte string operations +cabs hypot.3m Euclidean distance +calloc malloc.3 memory allocator +ceil floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling functions +chdir chdir.3f change default directory +chmod chmod.3f change mode of a file +circle plot.3x graphics interface +clearerr ferror.3s stream status inquiries +closedir directory.3 directory operations +closelog syslog.3 control system log +closepl plot.3x graphics interface +cont plot.3x graphics interface +cos sin.3m trigonometric functions +cosh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions +crypt crypt.3 DES encryption +ctime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII +ctime time.3f return system time +curses curses.3x screen functions with ``optimal'' cursor motion +dbminit dbm.3x data base subroutines +delete dbm.3x data base subroutines +dffrac flmin.3f return extreme values +dflmax flmin.3f return extreme values +dflmax range.3f return extreme values +dflmin flmin.3f return extreme values +dflmin range.3f return extreme values +drand rand.3f return random values +dtime etime.3f return elapsed execution time +ecvt ecvt.3 output conversion +edata end.3 last locations in program +encrypt crypt.3 DES encryption +end end.3 last locations in program +endfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +endgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry +endhostent gethostent.3n get network host entry +endnetent getnetent.3n get network entry +endprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry +endpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry +endservent getservent.3n get service entry +environ execl.3 execute a file +erase plot.3x graphics interface +etext end.3 last locations in program +etime etime.3f return elapsed execution time +exec execl.3 execute a file +exece execl.3 execute a file +execl execl.3 execute a file +execle execl.3 execute a file +execlp execl.3 execute a file +exect execl.3 execute a file +execv execl.3 execute a file +execvp execl.3 execute a file +exit exit.3 terminate a process after flushing any pending output +exit exit.3f terminate process with status +exp exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square root +fabs floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling functions +fclose fclose.3s close or flush a stream +fcvt ecvt.3 output conversion +fdate fdate.3f return date and time in an ASCII string +feof ferror.3s stream status inquiries +ferror ferror.3s stream status inquiries +fetch dbm.3x data base subroutines +fflush fclose.3s close or flush a stream +ffrac flmin.3f return extreme values +ffs bstring.3 bit and byte string operations +fgetc getc.3f get a character from a logical unit +fgetc getc.3s get character or word from stream +fgets gets.3s get a string from a stream +fileno ferror.3s stream status inquiries +firstkey dbm.3x data base subroutines +flmax flmin.3f return extreme values +flmax range.3f return extreme values +flmin flmin.3f return extreme values +flmin range.3f return extreme values +floor floor.3m absolute value, floor, ceiling functions +flush flush.3f flush output to a logical unit +fork fork.3f create a copy of this process +fpecnt trpfpe.3f trap and repair floating point faults +fprintf printf.3s formatted output conversion +fputc putc.3f write a character to a fortran logical unit +fputc putc.3s put character or word on a stream +fputs puts.3s put a string on a stream +fread fread.3s buffered binary input/output +free malloc.3 memory allocator +frexp frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent +fscanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion +fseek fseek.3f reposition a file on a logical unit +fseek fseek.3s reposition a stream +fstat stat.3f get file status +ftell fseek.3f reposition a file on a logical unit +ftell fseek.3s reposition a stream +ftime time.3c get date and time +fwrite fread.3s buffered binary input/output +gamma gamma.3m log gamma function +gcvt ecvt.3 output conversion +gerror perror.3f get system error messages +getarg getarg.3f return command line arguments +getc getc.3f get a character from a logical unit +getc getc.3s get character or word from stream +getchar getc.3s get character or word from stream +getcwd getcwd.3f get pathname of current working directory +getdiskbyname getdisk.3x get disk description by its name +getenv getenv.3 value for environment name +getenv getenv.3f get value of environment variables +getfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +getfsfile getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +getfsspec getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +getfstype getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +getgid getuid.3f get user or group ID of the caller +getgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry +getgrgid getgrent.3 get group file entry +getgrnam getgrent.3 get group file entry +gethostbyaddr gethostent.3n get network host entry +gethostbyname gethostent.3n get network host entry +gethostent gethostent.3n get network host entry +getlog getlog.3f get user's login name +getlogin getlogin.3 get login name +getnetbyaddr getnetent.3n get network entry +getnetbyname getnetent.3n get network entry +getnetent getnetent.3n get network entry +getpass getpass.3 read a password +getpid getpid.3f get process id +getprotobyname getprotoent.3n get protocol entry +getprotobynumber getprotoent.3n get protocol entry +getprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry +getpw getpw.3 get name from uid +getpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry +getpwnam getpwent.3 get password file entry +getpwuid getpwent.3 get password file entry +gets gets.3s get a string from a stream +getservbyname getservent.3n get service entry +getservbyport getservent.3n get service entry +getservent getservent.3n get service entry +getuid getuid.3f get user or group ID of the caller +getw getc.3s get character or word from stream +getwd getwd.3 get current working directory pathname +gmtime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII +gmtime time.3f return system time +gtty stty.3c set and get terminal state (defunct) +hostnm hostnm.3f get name of current host +htonl byteorder.3n convert values between host and network byte order +htons byteorder.3n convert values between host and network byte order +hypot hypot.3m Euclidean distance +iargc getarg.3f return command line arguments +idate idate.3f return date or time in numerical form +ierrno perror.3f get system error messages +index index.3f tell about character objects +index string.3 string operations +inet_addr inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines +inet_lnaof inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines +inet_makeaddr inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines +inet_netof inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines +inet_network inet.3n Internet address manipulation routines +initgroups initgroups.3x initialize group access list +initstate random.3 better random number generator +inmax flmin.3f return extreme values +inmax range.3f return extreme values +insque insque.3 insert/remove element from a queue +ioinit ioinit.3f change f77 I/O initialization +irand rand.3f return random values +isalnum ctype.3 character classification macros +isalpha ctype.3 character classification macros +isascii ctype.3 character classification macros +isatty ttynam.3f find name of a terminal port +isatty ttyname.3 find name of a terminal +iscntrl ctype.3 character classification macros +isdigit ctype.3 character classification macros +islower ctype.3 character classification macros +isprint ctype.3 character classification macros +ispunct ctype.3 character classification macros +isspace ctype.3 character classification macros +isupper ctype.3 character classification macros +itime idate.3f return date or time in numerical form +j0 j0.3m bessel functions +j1 j0.3m bessel functions +jn j0.3m bessel functions +kill kill.3f send a signal to a process +label plot.3x graphics interface +ldexp frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent +len index.3f tell about character objects +lib2648 lib2648.3x subroutines for the HP 2648 graphics terminal +line plot.3x graphics interface +linemod plot.3x graphics interface +link link.3f make a link to an existing file +lnblnk index.3f tell about character objects +loc loc.3f return the address of an object +localtime ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII +log exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square root +log10 exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square root +long long.3f integer object conversion +longjmp setjmp.3 non-local goto +lstat stat.3f get file status +ltime time.3f return system time +malloc malloc.3 memory allocator +mktemp mktemp.3 make a unique file name +modf frexp.3 split into mantissa and exponent +moncontrol monitor.3 prepare execution profile +monitor monitor.3 prepare execution profile +monstartup monitor.3 prepare execution profile +move plot.3x graphics interface +nextkey dbm.3x data base subroutines +nice nice.3c set program priority +nlist nlist.3 get entries from name list +ntohl byteorder.3n convert values between host and network byte order +ntohs byteorder.3n convert values between host and network byte order +opendir directory.3 directory operations +openlog syslog.3 control system log +pause pause.3c stop until signal +pclose popen.3 initiate I/O to/from a process +perror perror.3 system error messages +perror perror.3f get system error messages +plot: openpl plot.3x graphics interface +point plot.3x graphics interface +popen popen.3 initiate I/O to/from a process +pow exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square root +printf printf.3s formatted output conversion +psignal psignal.3 system signal messages +putc putc.3f write a character to a fortran logical unit +putc putc.3s put character or word on a stream +putchar putc.3s put character or word on a stream +puts puts.3s put a string on a stream +putw putc.3s put character or word on a stream +qsort qsort.3 quicker sort +qsort qsort.3f quick sort +rand rand.3c random number generator +rand rand.3f return random values +random random.3 better random number generator +rcmd rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to a remote command +re_comp regex.3 regular expression handler +re_exec regex.3 regular expression handler +readdir directory.3 directory operations +realloc malloc.3 memory allocator +remque insque.3 insert/remove element from a queue +rename rename.3f rename a file +rewind fseek.3s reposition a stream +rewinddir directory.3 directory operations +rexec rexec.3x return stream to a remote command +rindex index.3f tell about character objects +rindex string.3 string operations +rresvport rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to a remote command +ruserok rcmd.3x routines for returning a stream to a remote command +scandir scandir.3 scan a directory +scanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion +seekdir directory.3 directory operations +setbuf setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream +setbuffer setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream +setegid setuid.3 set user and group ID +seteuid setuid.3 set user and group ID +setfsent getfsent.3x get file system descriptor file entry +setgid setuid.3 set user and group ID +setgrent getgrent.3 get group file entry +sethostent gethostent.3n get network host entry +setjmp setjmp.3 non-local goto +setkey crypt.3 DES encryption +setlinebuf setbuf.3s assign buffering to a stream +setnetent getnetent.3n get network entry +setprotoent getprotoent.3n get protocol entry +setpwent getpwent.3 get password file entry +setrgid setuid.3 set user and group ID +setruid setuid.3 set user and group ID +setservent getservent.3n get service entry +setstate random.3 better random number generator +setuid setuid.3 set user and group ID +short long.3f integer object conversion +signal signal.3 simplified software signal facilities +signal signal.3f change the action for a signal +sin sin.3m trigonometric functions +sinh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions +sleep sleep.3 suspend execution for interval +sleep sleep.3f suspend execution for an interval +space plot.3x graphics interface +sprintf printf.3s formatted output conversion +sqrt exp.3m exponential, logarithm, power, square root +srand rand.3c random number generator +srandom random.3 better random number generator +sscanf scanf.3s formatted input conversion +stat stat.3f get file status +stdio intro.3s standard buffered input/output package +store dbm.3x data base subroutines +strcat string.3 string operations +strcmp string.3 string operations +strcpy string.3 string operations +strlen string.3 string operations +strncat string.3 string operations +strncmp string.3 string operations +strncpy string.3 string operations +stty stty.3c set and get terminal state (defunct) +swab swab.3 swap bytes +sys_errlist perror.3 system error messages +sys_nerr perror.3 system error messages +sys_siglist psignal.3 system signal messages +syslog syslog.3 control system log +system system.3 issue a shell command +system system.3f execute a \s-2UNIX\s0 command +tan sin.3m trigonometric functions +tanh sinh.3m hyperbolic functions +tclose topen.3f f77 tape I/O +telldir directory.3 directory operations +tgetent termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +tgetflag termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +tgetnum termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +tgetstr termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +tgoto termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +time time.3c get date and time +time time.3f return system time +times times.3c get process times +timezone ctime.3 convert date and time to ASCII +topen topen.3f f77 tape I/O +tputs termcap.3x terminal independent operation routines +traper traper.3f trap arithmetic errors +trapov trapov.3f trap and repair floating point overflow +tread topen.3f f77 tape I/O +trewin topen.3f f77 tape I/O +trpfpe trpfpe.3f trap and repair floating point faults +tskipf topen.3f f77 tape I/O +tstate topen.3f f77 tape I/O +ttynam ttynam.3f find name of a terminal port +ttyname ttyname.3 find name of a terminal +ttyslot ttyname.3 find name of a terminal +twrite topen.3f f77 tape I/O +ungetc ungetc.3s push character back into input stream +unlink unlink.3f remove a directory entry +utime utime.3c set file times +valloc valloc.3 aligned memory allocator +varargs varargs.3 variable argument list +vlimit vlimit.3c control maximum system resource consumption +vtimes vtimes.3c get information about resource utilization +wait wait.3f wait for a process to terminate +y0 j0.3m bessel functions +y1 j0.3m bessel functions +yn j0.3m bessel functions .fi -- 2.20.1