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129 | .\" ======================================================================== | |
130 | .\" | |
131 | .IX Title "MIME::Base64 3" | |
132 | .TH MIME::Base64 3 "2002-06-01" "perl v5.8.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" | |
133 | .SH "NAME" | |
134 | MIME::Base64 \- Encoding and decoding of base64 strings | |
135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" | |
136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" | |
137 | .Vb 1 | |
138 | \& use MIME::Base64; | |
139 | .Ve | |
140 | .PP | |
141 | .Vb 2 | |
142 | \& $encoded = encode_base64('Aladdin:open sesame'); | |
143 | \& $decoded = decode_base64($encoded); | |
144 | .Ve | |
145 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" | |
146 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" | |
147 | This module provides functions to encode and decode strings into the | |
148 | Base64 encoding specified in \s-1RFC\s0 2045 \- \fI\s-1MIME\s0 (Multipurpose Internet | |
149 | Mail Extensions)\fR. The Base64 encoding is designed to represent | |
150 | arbitrary sequences of octets in a form that need not be humanly | |
151 | readable. A 65\-character subset ([A\-Za\-z0\-9+/=]) of US-ASCII is used, | |
152 | enabling 6 bits to be represented per printable character. | |
153 | .PP | |
154 | The following functions are provided: | |
155 | .IP "encode_base64($str, [$eol])" 4 | |
156 | .IX Item "encode_base64($str, [$eol])" | |
157 | Encode data by calling the \fIencode_base64()\fR function. The first | |
158 | argument is the string to encode. The second argument is the line | |
159 | ending sequence to use (it is optional and defaults to \f(CW"\en"\fR). The | |
160 | returned encoded string is broken into lines of no more than 76 | |
161 | characters each and it will end with \f(CW$eol\fR unless it is empty. Pass an | |
162 | empty string as second argument if you do not want the encoded string | |
163 | broken into lines. | |
164 | .IP "decode_base64($str)" 4 | |
165 | .IX Item "decode_base64($str)" | |
166 | Decode a base64 string by calling the \fIdecode_base64()\fR function. This | |
167 | function takes a single argument which is the string to decode and | |
168 | returns the decoded data. | |
169 | .Sp | |
170 | Any character not part of the 65\-character base64 subset set is | |
171 | silently ignored. Characters occuring after a '=' padding character | |
172 | are never decoded. | |
173 | .Sp | |
174 | If the length of the string to decode (after ignoring | |
175 | non\-base64 chars) is not a multiple of 4 or padding occurs too early, | |
176 | then a warning is generated if perl is running under \f(CW\*(C`\-w\*(C'\fR. | |
177 | .PP | |
178 | If you prefer not to import these routines into your namespace you can | |
179 | call them as: | |
180 | .PP | |
181 | .Vb 3 | |
182 | \& use MIME::Base64 (); | |
183 | \& $encoded = MIME::Base64::encode($decoded); | |
184 | \& $decoded = MIME::Base64::decode($encoded); | |
185 | .Ve | |
186 | .SH "DIAGNOSTICS" | |
187 | .IX Header "DIAGNOSTICS" | |
188 | The following warnings might be generated if perl is invoked with the | |
189 | \&\f(CW\*(C`\-w\*(C'\fR switch: | |
190 | .IP "Premature end of base64 data" 4 | |
191 | .IX Item "Premature end of base64 data" | |
192 | The number of characters to decode is not a multiple of 4. Legal | |
193 | base64 data should be padded with one or two \*(L"=\*(R" characters to make | |
194 | its length a multiple of 4. The decoded result will anyway be as if | |
195 | the padding was there. | |
196 | .IP "Premature padding of base64 data" 4 | |
197 | .IX Item "Premature padding of base64 data" | |
198 | The '=' padding character occurs as the first or second character | |
199 | in a base64 quartet. | |
200 | .SH "EXAMPLES" | |
201 | .IX Header "EXAMPLES" | |
202 | If you want to encode a large file, you should encode it in chunks | |
203 | that are a multiple of 57 bytes. This ensures that the base64 lines | |
204 | line up and that you do not end up with padding in the middle. 57 | |
205 | bytes of data fills one complete base64 line (76 == 57*4/3): | |
206 | .PP | |
207 | .Vb 1 | |
208 | \& use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64); | |
209 | .Ve | |
210 | .PP | |
211 | .Vb 4 | |
212 | \& open(FILE, "/var/log/wtmp") or die "$!"; | |
213 | \& while (read(FILE, $buf, 60*57)) { | |
214 | \& print encode_base64($buf); | |
215 | \& } | |
216 | .Ve | |
217 | .PP | |
218 | or if you know you have enough memory | |
219 | .PP | |
220 | .Vb 3 | |
221 | \& use MIME::Base64 qw(encode_base64); | |
222 | \& local($/) = undef; # slurp | |
223 | \& print encode_base64(<STDIN>); | |
224 | .Ve | |
225 | .PP | |
226 | The same approach as a command line: | |
227 | .PP | |
228 | .Vb 1 | |
229 | \& perl -MMIME::Base64 -0777 -ne 'print encode_base64($_)' <file | |
230 | .Ve | |
231 | .PP | |
232 | Decoding does not need slurp mode if all the lines contains a multiple | |
233 | of 4 base64 chars: | |
234 | .PP | |
235 | .Vb 1 | |
236 | \& perl -MMIME::Base64 -ne 'print decode_base64($_)' <file | |
237 | .Ve | |
238 | .SH "COPYRIGHT" | |
239 | .IX Header "COPYRIGHT" | |
240 | Copyright 1995\-1999, 2001 Gisle Aas. | |
241 | .PP | |
242 | This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
243 | modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
244 | .PP | |
245 | Distantly based on LWP::Base64 written by Martijn Koster | |
246 | <m.koster@nexor.co.uk> and Joerg Reichelt <j.reichelt@nexor.co.uk> and | |
247 | code posted to comp.lang.perl <3pd2lp$6gf@wsinti07.win.tue.nl> by Hans | |
248 | Mulder <hansm@wsinti07.win.tue.nl> | |
249 | .PP | |
250 | The \s-1XS\s0 implementation use code from metamail. Copyright 1991 Bell | |
251 | Communications Research, Inc. (Bellcore) |