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<H1><A NAME="SECTION0016600000000000000000">
14.6 <tt class="module">chunk</tt> --
	 Read IFF chunked data</A>
</H1>

<P>
<A NAME="module-chunk"></A>

<P>
This module provides an interface for reading files that use EA IFF 85
chunks.<A NAME="tex2html164"
  HREF="#foot67687"><SUP>14.1</SUP></A>  This format is used
in at least the Audio<a id='l2h-4745' xml:id='l2h-4745'></a> Interchange File Format
(AIFF/AIFF-C) and the Real<a id='l2h-4746' xml:id='l2h-4746'></a> Media File
Format<a id='l2h-4747' xml:id='l2h-4747'></a> (RMFF).  The WAVE audio file format is closely
related and can also be read using this module.

<P>
A chunk has the following structure:

<P>
<div class="center"><table class="realtable">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th class="center">Offset</th>
      <th class="center">Length</th>
      <th class="left"  >Contents</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">0</td>
        <td class="center">4</td>
        <td class="left"  >Chunk ID</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">4</td>
        <td class="center">4</td>
        <td class="left"  >Size of chunk in big-endian byte order, not including the 
                 header</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">8</td>
        <td class="center"><var>n</var></td>
        <td class="left"  >Data bytes, where <var>n</var> is the size given in
                       the preceding field</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">8 + <var>n</var></td>
        <td class="center">0 or 1</td>
        <td class="left"  >Pad byte needed if <var>n</var> is odd and
                                chunk alignment is used</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>

<P>
The ID is a 4-byte string which identifies the type of chunk.

<P>
The size field (a 32-bit value, encoded using big-endian byte order)
gives the size of the chunk data, not including the 8-byte header.

<P>
Usually an IFF-type file consists of one or more chunks.  The proposed
usage of the <tt class="class">Chunk</tt> class defined here is to instantiate an
instance at the start of each chunk and read from the instance until
it reaches the end, after which a new instance can be instantiated.
At the end of the file, creating a new instance will fail with a
<tt class="exception">EOFError</tt> exception.

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-4736' xml:id='l2h-4736' class="class">Chunk</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>file</var><big>[</big><var>, align, bigendian, inclheader</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Class which represents a chunk.  The <var>file</var> argument is expected
to be a file-like object.  An instance of this class is specifically
allowed.  The only method that is needed is <tt class="method">read()</tt>.  If the
methods <tt class="method">seek()</tt> and <tt class="method">tell()</tt> are present and don't
raise an exception, they are also used.  If these methods are present
and raise an exception, they are expected to not have altered the
object.  If the optional argument <var>align</var> is true, chunks are
assumed to be aligned on 2-byte boundaries.  If <var>align</var> is
false, no alignment is assumed.  The default value is true.  If the
optional argument <var>bigendian</var> is false, the chunk size is assumed
to be in little-endian order.  This is needed for WAVE audio files.
The default value is true.  If the optional argument <var>inclheader</var>
is true, the size given in the chunk header includes the size of the
header.  The default value is false.
</dl>

<P>
A <tt class="class">Chunk</tt> object supports the following methods:

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4737' xml:id='l2h-4737' class="method">getname</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Returns the name (ID) of the chunk.  This is the first 4 bytes of the
chunk.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4738' xml:id='l2h-4738' class="method">getsize</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Returns the size of the chunk.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4739' xml:id='l2h-4739' class="method">close</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Close and skip to the end of the chunk.  This does not close the
underlying file.
</dl>

<P>
The remaining methods will raise <tt class="exception">IOError</tt> if called after
the <tt class="method">close()</tt> method has been called.

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4740' xml:id='l2h-4740' class="method">isatty</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Returns <code>False</code>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4741' xml:id='l2h-4741' class="method">seek</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>pos</var><big>[</big><var>, whence</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Set the chunk's current position.  The <var>whence</var> argument is
optional and defaults to <code>0</code> (absolute file positioning); other
values are <code>1</code> (seek relative to the current position) and
<code>2</code> (seek relative to the file's end).  There is no return value.
If the underlying file does not allow seek, only forward seeks are
allowed.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4742' xml:id='l2h-4742' class="method">tell</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Return the current position into the chunk.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4743' xml:id='l2h-4743' class="method">read</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>size</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Read at most <var>size</var> bytes from the chunk (less if the read hits
the end of the chunk before obtaining <var>size</var> bytes).  If the
<var>size</var> argument is negative or omitted, read all data until the
end of the chunk.  The bytes are returned as a string object.  An
empty string is returned when the end of the chunk is encountered
immediately.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4744' xml:id='l2h-4744' class="method">skip</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Skip to the end of the chunk.  All further calls to <tt class="method">read()</tt>
for the chunk will return <code>''</code>.  If you are not interested in the
contents of the chunk, this method should be called so that the file
points to the start of the next chunk.
</dl>
<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
<DL>
<DT><A NAME="foot67687">...
chunks.</A><A
 href="module-chunk.html#tex2html164"><SUP>14.1</SUP></A></DT>
<DD>``EA IFF 85'' Standard for Interchange Format Files,
Jerry Morrison, Electronic Arts, January 1985.

</DD>
</DL>
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	54
	55	<H1><A NAME="SECTION0016600000000000000000">
	56	14.6 <tt class="module">chunk</tt> --
	57	Read IFF chunked data</A>
	58	</H1>
	59
	60	<P>
	61	<A NAME="module-chunk"></A>
	62
	63	<P>
	64	This module provides an interface for reading files that use EA IFF 85
65	chunks.<A NAME="tex2html164"
66	HREF="#foot67687"><SUP>14.1</SUP></A> This format is used
67	in at least the Audio<a id='l2h-4745' xml:id='l2h-4745'></a> Interchange File Format
68	(AIFF/AIFF-C) and the Real<a id='l2h-4746' xml:id='l2h-4746'></a> Media File
69	Format<a id='l2h-4747' xml:id='l2h-4747'></a> (RMFF). The WAVE audio file format is closely
70	related and can also be read using this module.
71
72	<P>
73	A chunk has the following structure:
74
75	<P>
76	<div class="center"><table class="realtable">
77	<thead>
78	<tr>
79	<th class="center">Offset</th>
80	<th class="center">Length</th>
81	<th class="left" >Contents</th>
82	</tr>
83	</thead>
84	<tbody>
85	<tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">0</td>
86	<td class="center">4</td>
87	<td class="left" >Chunk ID</td></tr>
88	<tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">4</td>
89	<td class="center">4</td>
90	<td class="left" >Size of chunk in big-endian byte order, not including the
91	header</td></tr>
92	<tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">8</td>
93	<td class="center"><var>n</var></td>
94	<td class="left" >Data bytes, where <var>n</var> is the size given in
95	the preceding field</td></tr>
96	<tr><td class="center" valign="baseline">8 + <var>n</var></td>
97	<td class="center">0 or 1</td>
98	<td class="left" >Pad byte needed if <var>n</var> is odd and
99	chunk alignment is used</td></tr></tbody>
100	</table></div>
101
102	<P>
103	The ID is a 4-byte string which identifies the type of chunk.
104
105	<P>
106	The size field (a 32-bit value, encoded using big-endian byte order)
107	gives the size of the chunk data, not including the 8-byte header.
108
109	<P>
110	Usually an IFF-type file consists of one or more chunks. The proposed
111	usage of the <tt class="class">Chunk</tt> class defined here is to instantiate an
112	instance at the start of each chunk and read from the instance until
113	it reaches the end, after which a new instance can be instantiated.
114	At the end of the file, creating a new instance will fail with a
115	<tt class="exception">EOFError</tt> exception.
116
117	<P>
118	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
119	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-4736' xml:id='l2h-4736' class="class">Chunk</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
120	<td><var>file</var><big>[</big><var>, align, bigendian, inclheader</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
121	<dd>
122	Class which represents a chunk. The <var>file</var> argument is expected
123	to be a file-like object. An instance of this class is specifically
124	allowed. The only method that is needed is <tt class="method">read()</tt>. If the
125	methods <tt class="method">seek()</tt> and <tt class="method">tell()</tt> are present and don't
126	raise an exception, they are also used. If these methods are present
127	and raise an exception, they are expected to not have altered the
128	object. If the optional argument <var>align</var> is true, chunks are
129	assumed to be aligned on 2-byte boundaries. If <var>align</var> is
130	false, no alignment is assumed. The default value is true. If the
131	optional argument <var>bigendian</var> is false, the chunk size is assumed
132	to be in little-endian order. This is needed for WAVE audio files.
133	The default value is true. If the optional argument <var>inclheader</var>
134	is true, the size given in the chunk header includes the size of the
135	header. The default value is false.
136	</dl>
137
138	<P>
139	A <tt class="class">Chunk</tt> object supports the following methods:
140
141	<P>
142	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
143	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4737' xml:id='l2h-4737' class="method">getname</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
144	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
145	<dd>
146	Returns the name (ID) of the chunk. This is the first 4 bytes of the
147	chunk.
148	</dl>
149
150	<P>
151	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
152	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4738' xml:id='l2h-4738' class="method">getsize</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
153	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
154	<dd>
155	Returns the size of the chunk.
156	</dl>
157
158	<P>
159	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
160	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4739' xml:id='l2h-4739' class="method">close</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
161	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
162	<dd>
163	Close and skip to the end of the chunk. This does not close the
164	underlying file.
165	</dl>
166
167	<P>
168	The remaining methods will raise <tt class="exception">IOError</tt> if called after
169	the <tt class="method">close()</tt> method has been called.
170
171	<P>
172	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
173	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4740' xml:id='l2h-4740' class="method">isatty</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
174	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
175	<dd>
176	Returns <code>False</code>.
177	</dl>
178
179	<P>
180	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
181	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4741' xml:id='l2h-4741' class="method">seek</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
182	<td><var>pos</var><big>[</big><var>, whence</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
183	<dd>
184	Set the chunk's current position. The <var>whence</var> argument is
185	optional and defaults to <code>0</code> (absolute file positioning); other
186	values are <code>1</code> (seek relative to the current position) and
187	<code>2</code> (seek relative to the file's end). There is no return value.
188	If the underlying file does not allow seek, only forward seeks are
189	allowed.
190	</dl>
191
192	<P>
193	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
194	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4742' xml:id='l2h-4742' class="method">tell</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
195	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
196	<dd>
197	Return the current position into the chunk.
198	</dl>
199
200	<P>
201	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
202	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4743' xml:id='l2h-4743' class="method">read</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
203	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>size</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
204	<dd>
205	Read at most <var>size</var> bytes from the chunk (less if the read hits
206	the end of the chunk before obtaining <var>size</var> bytes). If the
207	<var>size</var> argument is negative or omitted, read all data until the
208	end of the chunk. The bytes are returned as a string object. An
209	empty string is returned when the end of the chunk is encountered
210	immediately.
211	</dl>
212
213	<P>
214	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
215	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4744' xml:id='l2h-4744' class="method">skip</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
216	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
217	<dd>
218	Skip to the end of the chunk. All further calls to <tt class="method">read()</tt>
219	for the chunk will return <code>''</code>. If you are not interested in the
220	contents of the chunk, this method should be called so that the file
221	points to the start of the next chunk.
222	</dl>
223	<BR><HR><H4>Footnotes</H4>
224	<DL>
225	<DT><A NAME="foot67687">...
226	chunks.</A><A
227	href="module-chunk.html#tex2html164"><SUP>14.1</SUP></A></DT>
228	<DD>``EA IFF 85'' Standard for Interchange Format Files,
229	Jerry Morrison, Electronic Arts, January 1985.
230
231	</DD>
232	</DL>
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