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<H1><A NAME="SECTION0013100000000000000000">
11.1 <tt class="module">webbrowser</tt> --
         Convenient Web-browser controller</A>
</H1>

<P>
<A NAME="module-webbrowser"></A>

<P>
The <tt class="module">webbrowser</tt> module provides a very high-level interface to
allow displaying Web-based documents to users.  The controller objects
are easy to use and are platform-independent.  Under most
circumstances, simply calling the <tt class="function">open()</tt> function from this
module will do the right thing.

<P>
Under <span class="Unix">Unix</span>, graphical browsers are preferred under X11, but text-mode
browsers will be used if graphical browsers are not available or an X11
display isn't available.  If text-mode browsers are used, the calling
process will block until the user exits the browser.

<P>
Under <span class="Unix">Unix</span>, if the environment variable <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3147' xml:id='l2h-3147'>BROWSER</a> exists, it
is interpreted to override the platform default list of browsers, as a
colon-separated list of browsers to try in order.  When the value of
a list part contains the string <code>%s</code>, then it is interpreted as
a literal browser command line to be used with the argument URL
substituted for the <code>%s</code>; if the part does not contain
<code>%s</code>, it is simply interpreted as the name of the browser to
launch.

<P>
For non-<span class="Unix">Unix</span> platforms, or when X11 browsers are available on
<span class="Unix">Unix</span>, the controlling process will not wait for the user to finish
with the browser, but allow the browser to maintain its own window on
the display.

<P>
The following exception is defined:

<P>
<dl><dt><b><span class="typelabel">exception</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3142' xml:id='l2h-3142' class="exception">Error</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
  Exception raised when a browser control error occurs.
</dd></dl>

<P>
The following functions are defined:

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3143' xml:id='l2h-3143' class="function">open</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>url</var><big>[</big><var>, new=0</var><big>]</big><var></var><big>[</big><var>, autoraise=1</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Display <var>url</var> using the default browser.  If <var>new</var> is true,
  a new browser window is opened if possible.  If <var>autoraise</var> is
  true, the window is raised if possible (note that under many window
  managers this will occur regardless of the setting of this variable).
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3144' xml:id='l2h-3144' class="function">open_new</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>url</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Open <var>url</var> in a new window of the default browser, if possible,
  otherwise, open <var>url</var> in the only browser window.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3145' xml:id='l2h-3145' class="function">get</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>name</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Return a controller object for the browser type <var>name</var>.  If
  <var>name</var> is empty, return a controller for a default browser
  appropriate to the caller's environment.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3146' xml:id='l2h-3146' class="function">register</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>name, constructor</var><big>[</big><var>, instance</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
  Register the browser type <var>name</var>.  Once a browser type is
  registered, the <tt class="function">get()</tt> function can return a controller
  for that browser type.  If <var>instance</var> is not provided, or is
  <code>None</code>, <var>constructor</var> will be called without parameters to
  create an instance when needed.  If <var>instance</var> is provided,
  <var>constructor</var> will never be called, and may be <code>None</code>.

<P>
This entry point is only useful if you plan to either set the
  <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3148' xml:id='l2h-3148'>BROWSER</a> variable or call <tt class="function">get</tt> with a nonempty
  argument matching the name of a handler you declare.  
</dl>

<P>
A number of browser types are predefined.  This table gives the type
names that may be passed to the <tt class="function">get()</tt> function and the
corresponding instantiations for the controller classes, all defined
in this module.

<P>
<div class="center"><table class="realtable">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th class="left"  >Type Name</th>
      <th class="left"  >Class Name</th>
      <th class="center">Notes</th>
      </tr>
    </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'mozilla'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">Netscape('mozilla')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'netscape'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">Netscape('netscape')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'mosaic'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('mosaic %s &amp;')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'kfm'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">Konqueror()</tt></td>
        <td class="center">(1)</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'grail'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">Grail()</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'links'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('links %s')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'lynx'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('lynx %s')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'w3m'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('w3m %s')</tt></td>
        <td class="center"></td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'windows-default'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">WindowsDefault</tt></td>
        <td class="center">(2)</td></tr>
    <tr><td class="left"   valign="baseline"><code>'internet-config'</code></td>
        <td class="left"  ><tt class="class">InternetConfig</tt></td>
        <td class="center">(3)</td></tr></tbody>
</table></div>

<P>
Notes:

<P>
<DL>
<DT><STRONG>(1)</STRONG></DT>
<DD>``Konqueror'' is the file manager for the KDE desktop environment for
UNIX, and only makes sense to use if KDE is running.  Some way of
reliably detecting KDE would be nice; the <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3149' xml:id='l2h-3149'>KDEDIR</a> variable is
not sufficient.  Note also that the name ``kfm'' is used even when
using the <b class="program">konqueror</b> command with KDE 2 -- the
implementation selects the best strategy for running Konqueror.

<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>(2)</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Only on Windows platforms; requires the common
extension modules <tt class="module">win32api</tt> and <tt class="module">win32con</tt>.

<P>
</DD>
<DT><STRONG>(3)</STRONG></DT>
<DD>Only on MacOS platforms; requires the standard MacPython <tt class="module">ic</tt>
module, described in the <em class="citetitle"><a
 href="../mac/module-ic.html"
 title="Macintosh
Library Modules"
 >Macintosh
Library Modules</a></em> manual.
</DD>
</DL>

<P>

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	54
	55	<H1><A NAME="SECTION0013100000000000000000">
	56	11.1 <tt class="module">webbrowser</tt> --
	57	Convenient Web-browser controller</A>
	58	</H1>
	59
	60	<P>
	61	<A NAME="module-webbrowser"></A>
	62
	63	<P>
	64	The <tt class="module">webbrowser</tt> module provides a very high-level interface to
65	allow displaying Web-based documents to users. The controller objects
66	are easy to use and are platform-independent. Under most
67	circumstances, simply calling the <tt class="function">open()</tt> function from this
68	module will do the right thing.
69
70	<P>
71	Under <span class="Unix">Unix</span>, graphical browsers are preferred under X11, but text-mode
72	browsers will be used if graphical browsers are not available or an X11
73	display isn't available. If text-mode browsers are used, the calling
74	process will block until the user exits the browser.
75
76	<P>
77	Under <span class="Unix">Unix</span>, if the environment variable <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3147' xml:id='l2h-3147'>BROWSER</a> exists, it
78	is interpreted to override the platform default list of browsers, as a
79	colon-separated list of browsers to try in order. When the value of
80	a list part contains the string <code>%s</code>, then it is interpreted as
81	a literal browser command line to be used with the argument URL
82	substituted for the <code>%s</code>; if the part does not contain
83	<code>%s</code>, it is simply interpreted as the name of the browser to
84	launch.
85
86	<P>
87	For non-<span class="Unix">Unix</span> platforms, or when X11 browsers are available on
88	<span class="Unix">Unix</span>, the controlling process will not wait for the user to finish
89	with the browser, but allow the browser to maintain its own window on
90	the display.
91
92	<P>
93	The following exception is defined:
94
95	<P>
96	<dl><dt><b><span class="typelabel">exception</span> <tt id='l2h-3142' xml:id='l2h-3142' class="exception">Error</tt></b></dt>
97	<dd>
98	Exception raised when a browser control error occurs.
99	</dd></dl>
100
101	<P>
102	The following functions are defined:
103
104	<P>
105	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
106	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3143' xml:id='l2h-3143' class="function">open</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
107	<td><var>url</var><big>[</big><var>, new=0</var><big>]</big><var></var><big>[</big><var>, autoraise=1</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
108	<dd>
109	Display <var>url</var> using the default browser. If <var>new</var> is true,
110	a new browser window is opened if possible. If <var>autoraise</var> is
111	true, the window is raised if possible (note that under many window
112	managers this will occur regardless of the setting of this variable).
113	</dl>
114
115	<P>
116	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
117	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3144' xml:id='l2h-3144' class="function">open_new</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
118	<td><var>url</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
119	<dd>
120	Open <var>url</var> in a new window of the default browser, if possible,
121	otherwise, open <var>url</var> in the only browser window.
122	</dl>
123
124	<P>
125	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
126	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3145' xml:id='l2h-3145' class="function">get</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
127	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>name</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
128	<dd>
129	Return a controller object for the browser type <var>name</var>. If
130	<var>name</var> is empty, return a controller for a default browser
131	appropriate to the caller's environment.
132	</dl>
133
134	<P>
135	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
136	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3146' xml:id='l2h-3146' class="function">register</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
137	<td><var>name, constructor</var><big>[</big><var>, instance</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
138	<dd>
139	Register the browser type <var>name</var>. Once a browser type is
140	registered, the <tt class="function">get()</tt> function can return a controller
141	for that browser type. If <var>instance</var> is not provided, or is
142	<code>None</code>, <var>constructor</var> will be called without parameters to
143	create an instance when needed. If <var>instance</var> is provided,
144	<var>constructor</var> will never be called, and may be <code>None</code>.
145
146	<P>
147	This entry point is only useful if you plan to either set the
148	<a class="envvar" id='l2h-3148' xml:id='l2h-3148'>BROWSER</a> variable or call <tt class="function">get</tt> with a nonempty
149	argument matching the name of a handler you declare.
150	</dl>
151
152	<P>
153	A number of browser types are predefined. This table gives the type
154	names that may be passed to the <tt class="function">get()</tt> function and the
155	corresponding instantiations for the controller classes, all defined
156	in this module.
157
158	<P>
159	<div class="center"><table class="realtable">
160	<thead>
161	<tr>
162	<th class="left" >Type Name</th>
163	<th class="left" >Class Name</th>
164	<th class="center">Notes</th>
165	</tr>
166	</thead>
167	<tbody>
168	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'mozilla'</code></td>
169	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">Netscape('mozilla')</tt></td>
170	<td class="center"></td></tr>
171	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'netscape'</code></td>
172	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">Netscape('netscape')</tt></td>
173	<td class="center"></td></tr>
174	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'mosaic'</code></td>
175	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('mosaic %s &')</tt></td>
176	<td class="center"></td></tr>
177	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'kfm'</code></td>
178	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">Konqueror()</tt></td>
179	<td class="center">(1)</td></tr>
180	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'grail'</code></td>
181	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">Grail()</tt></td>
182	<td class="center"></td></tr>
183	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'links'</code></td>
184	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('links %s')</tt></td>
185	<td class="center"></td></tr>
186	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'lynx'</code></td>
187	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('lynx %s')</tt></td>
188	<td class="center"></td></tr>
189	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'w3m'</code></td>
190	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">GenericBrowser('w3m %s')</tt></td>
191	<td class="center"></td></tr>
192	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'windows-default'</code></td>
193	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">WindowsDefault</tt></td>
194	<td class="center">(2)</td></tr>
195	<tr><td class="left" valign="baseline"><code>'internet-config'</code></td>
196	<td class="left" ><tt class="class">InternetConfig</tt></td>
197	<td class="center">(3)</td></tr></tbody>
198	</table></div>
199
200	<P>
201	Notes:
202
203	<P>
204	<DL>
205	<DT><STRONG>(1)</STRONG></DT>
206	<DD>``Konqueror'' is the file manager for the KDE desktop environment for
207	UNIX, and only makes sense to use if KDE is running. Some way of
208	reliably detecting KDE would be nice; the <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3149' xml:id='l2h-3149'>KDEDIR</a> variable is
209	not sufficient. Note also that the name ``kfm'' is used even when
210	using the <b class="program">konqueror</b> command with KDE 2 -- the
211	implementation selects the best strategy for running Konqueror.
212
213	<P>
214	</DD>
215	<DT><STRONG>(2)</STRONG></DT>
216	<DD>Only on Windows platforms; requires the common
217	extension modules <tt class="module">win32api</tt> and <tt class="module">win32con</tt>.
218
219	<P>
220	</DD>
221	<DT><STRONG>(3)</STRONG></DT>
222	<DD>Only on MacOS platforms; requires the standard MacPython <tt class="module">ic</tt>
223	module, described in the <em class="citetitle"><a
224	href="../mac/module-ic.html"
225	title="Macintosh
226	Library Modules"
227	>Macintosh
228	Library Modules</a></em> manual.
229	</DD>
230	</DL>
231
232	<P>
233
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238
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240	<LI><A href="browser-controllers.html">11.1.1 Browser Controller Objects</a>
241	</ul>
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276	</div>
277	</div>
278	<hr />
279	<span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span>
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