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55 | <H2><A NAME="SECTION008160000000000000000"></A><A NAME="os-path"></A> | |
56 | <BR> | |
57 | 6.1.6 Miscellaneous System Information | |
58 | </H2> | |
59 | ||
60 | <P> | |
61 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
62 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1718' xml:id='l2h-1718' class="function">confstr</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
63 | <td><var>name</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
64 | <dd> | |
65 | Return string-valued system configuration values. | |
66 | <var>name</var> specifies the configuration value to retrieve; it may be a | |
67 | string which is the name of a defined system value; these names are | |
68 | specified in a number of standards (POSIX, <span class="Unix">Unix</span> 95, <span class="Unix">Unix</span> 98, and | |
69 | others). Some platforms define additional names as well. The names | |
70 | known to the host operating system are given in the | |
71 | <code>confstr_names</code> dictionary. For configuration variables not | |
72 | included in that mapping, passing an integer for <var>name</var> is also | |
73 | accepted. | |
74 | Availability: Macintosh, <span class="Unix">Unix</span>. | |
75 | ||
76 | <P> | |
77 | If the configuration value specified by <var>name</var> isn't defined, the | |
78 | empty string is returned. | |
79 | ||
80 | <P> | |
81 | If <var>name</var> is a string and is not known, <tt class="exception">ValueError</tt> is | |
82 | raised. If a specific value for <var>name</var> is not supported by the | |
83 | host system, even if it is included in <code>confstr_names</code>, an | |
84 | <tt class="exception">OSError</tt> is raised with <tt class="constant">errno.EINVAL</tt> for the | |
85 | error number. | |
86 | </dl> | |
87 | ||
88 | <P> | |
89 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1719' xml:id='l2h-1719'>confstr_names</tt></b></dt> | |
90 | <dd> | |
91 | Dictionary mapping names accepted by <tt class="function">confstr()</tt> to the | |
92 | integer values defined for those names by the host operating system. | |
93 | This can be used to determine the set of names known to the system. | |
94 | Availability: Macintosh, <span class="Unix">Unix</span>. | |
95 | </dd></dl> | |
96 | ||
97 | <P> | |
98 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
99 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1720' xml:id='l2h-1720' class="function">getloadavg</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
100 | <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
101 | <dd> | |
102 | Return the number of processes in the system run queue averaged over | |
103 | the last 1, 5, and 15 minutes or raises OSError if the load average | |
104 | was unobtainable. | |
105 | ||
106 | <P> | |
107 | ||
108 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span> | |
109 | ||
110 | </dl> | |
111 | ||
112 | <P> | |
113 | <dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline"> | |
114 | <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-1721' xml:id='l2h-1721' class="function">sysconf</tt></b>(</nobr></td> | |
115 | <td><var>name</var>)</td></tr></table></dt> | |
116 | <dd> | |
117 | Return integer-valued system configuration values. | |
118 | If the configuration value specified by <var>name</var> isn't defined, | |
119 | <code>-1</code> is returned. The comments regarding the <var>name</var> | |
120 | parameter for <tt class="function">confstr()</tt> apply here as well; the dictionary | |
121 | that provides information on the known names is given by | |
122 | <code>sysconf_names</code>. | |
123 | Availability: Macintosh, <span class="Unix">Unix</span>. | |
124 | </dl> | |
125 | ||
126 | <P> | |
127 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1722' xml:id='l2h-1722'>sysconf_names</tt></b></dt> | |
128 | <dd> | |
129 | Dictionary mapping names accepted by <tt class="function">sysconf()</tt> to the | |
130 | integer values defined for those names by the host operating system. | |
131 | This can be used to determine the set of names known to the system. | |
132 | Availability: Macintosh, <span class="Unix">Unix</span>. | |
133 | </dd></dl> | |
134 | ||
135 | <P> | |
136 | The follow data values are used to support path manipulation | |
137 | operations. These are defined for all platforms. | |
138 | ||
139 | <P> | |
140 | Higher-level operations on pathnames are defined in the | |
141 | <tt class="module"><a href="module-os.path.html">os.path</a></tt> module. | |
142 | ||
143 | <P> | |
144 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1723' xml:id='l2h-1723'>curdir</tt></b></dt> | |
145 | <dd> | |
146 | The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the current | |
147 | directory. | |
148 | For example: <code>'.'</code> for POSIX or <code>':'</code> for Mac OS 9. | |
149 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
150 | </dd></dl> | |
151 | ||
152 | <P> | |
153 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1724' xml:id='l2h-1724'>pardir</tt></b></dt> | |
154 | <dd> | |
155 | The constant string used by the operating system to refer to the parent | |
156 | directory. | |
157 | For example: <code>'..'</code> for POSIX or <code>'::'</code> for Mac OS 9. | |
158 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
159 | </dd></dl> | |
160 | ||
161 | <P> | |
162 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1725' xml:id='l2h-1725'>sep</tt></b></dt> | |
163 | <dd> | |
164 | The character used by the operating system to separate pathname components, | |
165 | for example, "<tt class="character">/</tt>" for POSIX or "<tt class="character">:</tt>" for | |
166 | Mac OS 9. Note that knowing this is not sufficient to be able to | |
167 | parse or concatenate pathnames -- use <tt class="function">os.path.split()</tt> and | |
168 | <tt class="function">os.path.join()</tt> -- but it is occasionally useful. | |
169 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
170 | </dd></dl> | |
171 | ||
172 | <P> | |
173 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1726' xml:id='l2h-1726'>altsep</tt></b></dt> | |
174 | <dd> | |
175 | An alternative character used by the operating system to separate pathname | |
176 | components, or <code>None</code> if only one separator character exists. This is | |
177 | set to "<tt class="character">/</tt>" on Windows systems where <code>sep</code> is a | |
178 | backslash. | |
179 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
180 | </dd></dl> | |
181 | ||
182 | <P> | |
183 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1727' xml:id='l2h-1727'>extsep</tt></b></dt> | |
184 | <dd> | |
185 | The character which separates the base filename from the extension; | |
186 | for example, the "<tt class="character">.</tt>" in <span class="file">os.py</span>. | |
187 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
188 | ||
189 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span> | |
190 | ||
191 | </dd></dl> | |
192 | ||
193 | <P> | |
194 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1728' xml:id='l2h-1728'>pathsep</tt></b></dt> | |
195 | <dd> | |
196 | The character conventionally used by the operating system to separate | |
197 | search path components (as in <a class="envvar" id='l2h-1732' xml:id='l2h-1732'>PATH</a>), such as "<tt class="character">:</tt>" for | |
198 | POSIX or "<tt class="character">;</tt>" for Windows. | |
199 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
200 | </dd></dl> | |
201 | ||
202 | <P> | |
203 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1729' xml:id='l2h-1729'>defpath</tt></b></dt> | |
204 | <dd> | |
205 | The default search path used by <tt class="function">exec*p*()</tt> and | |
206 | <tt class="function">spawn*p*()</tt> if the environment doesn't have a <code>'PATH'</code> | |
207 | key. | |
208 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
209 | </dd></dl> | |
210 | ||
211 | <P> | |
212 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1730' xml:id='l2h-1730'>linesep</tt></b></dt> | |
213 | <dd> | |
214 | The string used to separate (or, rather, terminate) lines on the | |
215 | current platform. This may be a single character, such as <code>'\ | |
216 | n'</code> for POSIX or <code>'\r'</code> for Mac OS, or multiple characters, | |
217 | for example, <code>'\r\n'</code> for Windows. | |
218 | </dd></dl> | |
219 | ||
220 | <P> | |
221 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-1731' xml:id='l2h-1731'>devnull</tt></b></dt> | |
222 | <dd> | |
223 | The file path of the null device. | |
224 | For example: <code>'/dev/null'</code> for POSIX or <code>'Dev:Nul'</code> for | |
225 | Mac OS 9. | |
226 | Also available via <tt class="module">os.path</tt>. | |
227 | ||
228 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.4.</span> | |
229 | ||
230 | </dd></dl> | |
231 | ||
232 | <P> | |
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