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Initial commit of OpenSPARC T2 design and verification files.
[OpenSPARC-T2-DV] / tools / src / nas,5.n2.os.2 / lib / python / html / python / lib / urllib2-examples.html
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54<H2><A NAME="SECTION00135220000000000000000"></A><A NAME="urllib2-examples"></A>
55<BR>
5611.5.22 Examples
57</H2>
58
59<P>
60This example gets the python.org main page and displays the first 100
61bytes of it:
62
63<P>
64<div class="verbatim"><pre>
65&gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib2
66&gt;&gt;&gt; f = urllib2.urlopen('http://www.python.org/')
67&gt;&gt;&gt; print f.read(100)
68&lt;!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"&gt;
69&lt;?xml-stylesheet href="./css/ht2html
70</pre></div>
71
72<P>
73Here we are sending a data-stream to the stdin of a CGI and reading
74the data it returns to us:
75
76<P>
77<div class="verbatim"><pre>
78&gt;&gt;&gt; import urllib2
79&gt;&gt;&gt; req = urllib2.Request(url='https://localhost/cgi-bin/test.cgi',
80... data='This data is passed to stdin of the CGI')
81&gt;&gt;&gt; f = urllib2.urlopen(req)
82&gt;&gt;&gt; print f.read()
83Got Data: "This data is passed to stdin of the CGI"
84</pre></div>
85
86<P>
87The code for the sample CGI used in the above example is:
88
89<P>
90<div class="verbatim"><pre>
91#!/usr/bin/env python
92import sys
93data = sys.stdin.read()
94print 'Content-type: text-plain\n\nGot Data: "%s"' % data
95</pre></div>
96
97<P>
98Use of Basic HTTP Authentication:
99
100<P>
101<div class="verbatim"><pre>
102import urllib2
103# Create an OpenerDirector with support for Basic HTTP Authentication...
104auth_handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
105auth_handler.add_password('realm', 'host', 'username', 'password')
106opener = urllib2.build_opener(auth_handler)
107# ...and install it globally so it can be used with urlopen.
108urllib2.install_opener(opener)
109urllib2.urlopen('http://www.example.com/login.html')
110</pre></div>
111
112<P>
113<tt class="function">build_opener()</tt> provides many handlers by default, including a
114<tt class="class">ProxyHandler</tt>. By default, <tt class="class">ProxyHandler</tt> uses the
115environment variables named <code>&lt;scheme&gt;_proxy</code>, where <code>&lt;scheme&gt;</code>
116is the URL scheme involved. For example, the <a class="envvar" id='l2h-3294' xml:id='l2h-3294'>http_proxy</a>
117environment variable is read to obtain the HTTP proxy's URL.
118
119<P>
120This example replaces the default <tt class="class">ProxyHandler</tt> with one that uses
121programatically-supplied proxy URLs, and adds proxy authorization support
122with <tt class="class">ProxyBasicAuthHandler</tt>.
123
124<P>
125<div class="verbatim"><pre>
126proxy_handler = urllib2.ProxyHandler({'http': 'http://www.example.com:3128/'})
127proxy_auth_handler = urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler()
128proxy_auth_handler.add_password('realm', 'host', 'username', 'password')
129
130opener = build_opener(proxy_handler, proxy_auth_handler)
131# This time, rather than install the OpenerDirector, we use it directly:
132opener.open('http://www.example.com/login.html')
133</pre></div>
134
135<P>
136Adding HTTP headers:
137
138<P>
139Use the <var>headers</var> argument to the <tt class="class">Request</tt> constructor, or:
140
141<P>
142<div class="verbatim"><pre>
143import urllib2
144req = urllib2.Request('http://www.example.com/')
145req.add_header('Referer', 'http://www.python.org/')
146r = urllib2.urlopen(req)
147</pre></div>
148
149<P>
150<tt class="class">OpenerDirector</tt> automatically adds a <span class="mailheader">User-Agent:</span>
151header to every <tt class="class">Request</tt>. To change this:
152
153<P>
154<div class="verbatim"><pre>
155import urllib2
156opener = urllib2.build_opener()
157opener.addheaders = [('User-agent', 'Mozilla/5.0')]
158opener.open('http://www.example.com/')
159</pre></div>
160
161<P>
162Also, remember that a few standard headers
163(<span class="mailheader">Content-Length:</span>, <span class="mailheader">Content-Type:</span> and
164<span class="mailheader">Host:</span>) are added when the <tt class="class">Request</tt> is passed to
165<tt class="function">urlopen()</tt> (or <tt class="method">OpenerDirector.open()</tt>).
166
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Full OpenSPARC design & verification tarball including full HDL.