perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
=head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
=head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
=item Internals and C Language Interface
=head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
=item Running Perl programs
=item Basic syntax overview
=item Perl variable types
=item Conditional and looping constructs
=item Builtin operators and functions
Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
=item Regular expressions
Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
=item Writing subroutines
=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2002/03/11
=item perlfaq: Structural overview of the FAQ.
=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
=item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
=item About the perlfaq documents
=item Where to get the perlfaq
=item How to contribute to the perlfaq
=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
=item Author and Copyright Information
=item Bundled Distributions
1/November/2000, 23/May/99, 13/April/99, 7/January/99, 22/June/98,
24/April/97, 23/April/97, 25/March/97, 18/March/97, 17/March/97 Version,
Initial Release: 11/March/97
=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
=item Compound statements
=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
=head2 perldata - Perl data types
=item Scalar value constructors
=item List value constructors
=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
=item Symbolic Unary Operators
=item Multiplicative Operators
=item Named Unary Operators
=item Relational Operators
=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
=item C-style Logical And
=item Conditional Operator
=item Assignment Operators
=item List Operators (Rightward)
=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
=item C Operators Missing From Perl
=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN?, m/PATTERN/cgimosx, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/, C<'STRING'>,
qq/STRING/, "STRING", qr/STRING/imosx, qx/STRING/, `STRING`, qw/STRING/,
s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds,
y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation,
C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>, C<q//>, C<"">,
C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>, C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>,
C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions, Optimization of
=item Bitwise String Operators
=item Floating-point Arithmetic
=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
=item Private Variables via my()
=item Persistent Private Variables
=item Temporary Values via local()
Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
=item When to Still Use local()
=item Overriding Built-in Functions
=item Subroutine Attributes
=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
=item Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings, Regular expressions and pattern matching,
Numeric functions, Functions for real @ARRAYs, Functions for list data,
Functions for real %HASHes, Input and output functions, Functions for fixed
length data or records, Functions for filehandles, files, or directories,
Keywords related to the control flow of your perl program, Keywords related
to scoping, Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process
groups, Keywords related to perl modules, Keywords related to classes and
object-orientedness, Low-level socket functions, System V interprocess
communication functions, Fetching user and group info, Fetching network
info, Time-related functions, Functions new in perl5, Functions obsoleted
=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
I<-X> FILEHANDLE, I<-X> EXPR, I<-X>, abs VALUE, abs, accept
NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET, alarm SECONDS, alarm, atan2 Y,X, bind SOCKET,NAME,
binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER, binmode FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME, bless
REF, caller EXPR, caller, chdir EXPR, chmod LIST, chomp VARIABLE, chomp(
LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE, chop( LIST ), chop, chown LIST, chr NUMBER,
chr, chroot FILENAME, chroot, close FILEHANDLE, close, closedir DIRHANDLE,
connect SOCKET,NAME, continue BLOCK, cos EXPR, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT,
dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MASK, defined EXPR, defined, delete
EXPR, die LIST, do BLOCK, do SUBROUTINE(LIST), do EXPR, dump LABEL, dump,
each HASH, eof FILEHANDLE, eof (), eof, eval EXPR, eval BLOCK, exec LIST,
exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR, exit EXPR, exp EXPR, exp, fcntl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, fileno FILEHANDLE, flock FILEHANDLE,OPERATION,
fork, format, formline PICTURE,LIST, getc FILEHANDLE, getc, getlogin,
getpeername SOCKET, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority WHICH,WHO, getpwnam
NAME, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname
NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID, getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, setpwent, setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent
STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent,
endhostent, endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET,
getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob EXPR, glob, gmtime EXPR, goto LABEL,
goto EXPR, goto &NAME, grep BLOCK LIST, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR, hex,
import, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR, int, ioctl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, join EXPR,LIST, keys HASH, kill SIGNAL, LIST,
last LABEL, last, lc EXPR, lc, lcfirst EXPR, lcfirst, length EXPR, length,
link OLDFILE,NEWFILE, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE, local EXPR, localtime EXPR,
lock THING, log EXPR, log, lstat EXPR, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST, map
EXPR,LIST, mkdir FILENAME,MASK, mkdir FILENAME, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG, msgget
KEY,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, my EXPR, my
TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL, next, no
Module VERSION LIST, no Module VERSION, no Module LIST, no Module, oct
EXPR, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE,
opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR, ord EXPR, ord, our EXPR, our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR :
ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST, package NAMESPACE,
package, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, pop ARRAY, pop, pos SCALAR, pos,
print FILEHANDLE LIST, print LIST, print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST,
printf FORMAT, LIST, prototype FUNCTION, push ARRAY,LIST, q/STRING/,
qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR, quotemeta,
rand EXPR, rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE, readline EXPR, readlink EXPR,
readlink, readpipe EXPR, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS, redo LABEL, redo,
ref EXPR, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME, require VERSION, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR, reset, return EXPR, return, reverse LIST, rewinddir
DIRHANDLE, rindex STR,SUBSTR,POSITION, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME,
rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR, seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, seekdir
DIRHANDLE,POS, select FILEHANDLE, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT,
semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shift ARRAY,
shift, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS, shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE,
shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, shutdown SOCKET,HOW, sin EXPR, sin, sleep
EXPR, sleep, socket SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, sort SUBNAME LIST, sort BLOCK LIST,
sort LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT, split
/PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST, format
parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width, precision, or maximum
width, size, order of arguments, sqrt EXPR, sqrt, srand EXPR, srand, stat
FILEHANDLE, stat EXPR, stat, study SCALAR, study, sub NAME BLOCK, sub NAME
(PROTO) BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK,
substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr
EXPR,OFFSET, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE, sysopen FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE, system LIST, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,
syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR, tell FILEHANDLE, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST, tied VARIABLE, time, times, tr///, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR, uc, ucfirst EXPR,
ucfirst, umask EXPR, umask, undef EXPR, undef, unlink LIST, unlink, unpack
TEMPLATE,EXPR, untie VARIABLE, unshift ARRAY,LIST, use Module VERSION LIST,
use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION, utime LIST,
values HASH, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS, wait, waitpid PID,FLAGS, wantarray, warn
LIST, write FILEHANDLE, write EXPR, write, y///
=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
=item Distribution Conditions
=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs
=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
=item Simple word matching
=item Using character classes
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
=item Matching repetitions
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
C<=head1 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>>, C<=item
I<stuff...>>, C<=back>, C<=cut>, C<=pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>, C<=end
I<formatname>>, C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>
C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
for filenames, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces,
C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a null
(zero-effect) formatting code
=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
=item Hints for Writing Pod
=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text..."
=item Pod Formatting Codes
C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
contains non-breaking spaces
=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
=item About =over...=back Regions
=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance,
Discontinuance, BugFix, Discontinuance, Discontinuance, BugFix,
Discontinuance, Deprecation, Discontinuance, Discontinuance
Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing, Parsing
Numerical, Numerical, Numerical, Bitwise string ops
=item General data type traps
(Arrays), (Arrays), (Hashes), (Globs), (Globs), (Scalar String),
(Constants), (Scalars), (Variable Suicide)
=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
(list context), (scalar context), (scalar context), (list, builtin)
Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence, Precedence,
=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular
Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression, Regular Expression,
=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
(Signals), (Sort Subroutine), warn() won't let you specify a filehandle
=item Interpolation Traps
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation,
Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation, Interpolation
C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
B<-0>[I<digits>], B<-a>, B<-C>, B<-c>, B<-d>, B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
B<-D>I<letters>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e> I<commandline>, B<-F>I<pattern>,
B<-h>, B<-i>[I<extension>], B<-I>I<directory>, B<-l>[I<octnum>],
B<-m>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-s>, B<-S>,
B<-t>, B<-T>, B<-u>, B<-U>, B<-v>, B<-V>, B<-V:>I<name>, B<-w>, B<-W>,
B<-X>, B<-x> I<directory>
HOME, LOGDIR, PATH, PERL5LIB, PERL5OPT, PERLIO, :bytes, :crlf, :mmap,
:perlio, :raw, :stdio, :unix, :utf8, :win32, PERLIO_DEBUG, PERLLIB,
PERL5DB, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port), PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL, PERL_ENCODING, PERL_ROOT (specific to the VMS port),
SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
=item Backward Compatibility
=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
=item Looking at data and -w and v
=item Stepping through code
=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
h, h [command], h h, p expr, x [maxdepth] expr, V [pkg [vars]], X [vars], y
[level [vars]], T, s [expr], n [expr], r, <CR>, c [line|sub], l, l
min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -, v [line], f filename, /pattern/,
?pattern?, L [abw], S [[!]regex], t, t expr, b, b [line] [condition], b
subname [condition], b postpone subname [condition], b load filename, b
compile subname, B line, B *, a [line] command, A line, A *, w expr, W
expr, W *, o, o booloption .., o anyoption? .., o option=value .., < ?, < [
command ], << command, > ?, > command, >> command, { ?, { [ command ], {{
command, ! number, ! -number, ! pattern, !! cmd, source file, H -number, q
or ^D, R, |dbcmd, ||dbcmd, command, m expr, M, man [manpage]
=item Configurable Options
C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang>, C<pager>, C<tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>,
C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit>,
C<PrintRet>, C<ornaments>, C<frame>, C<maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize>,
C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>,
C<globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused>, C<quote>,
C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>, C<TTY>, C<noTTY>, C<ReadLine>,
=item Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace, Line Listing Format, Frame
=item Debugging compile-time statements
=item Debugger Customization
=item Editor Support for Debugging
=item Debugging regular expressions
=item Debugging memory usage
=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $MULTILINE_MATCHING, $*,
HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $OFMT, $#,
HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
$+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
C<substr $var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x100, 0x200, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R, $EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S,
$BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W,
${^WARNING_BITS}, ${^WIDE_SYSTEM_CALLS}, $EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV,
$ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC, %ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG,
=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
=item Access and Printing
=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
=item Open E<agrave> la shell
=item Mixing Reads and Writes
=item Open E<agrave> la C
=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
=item Obscure Open Tricks
=item Re-Opening Files (dups)
=item Dispelling the Dweomer
=item Single Argument Open
=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
=item Opening Non-File Files
=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
=item The Basic Principle
=item Unpacking a Stack Frame
=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
=item Floating point Numbers
=item Another Portable Binary Encoding
=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
=item Pointers for How to Use Them
=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
=item Simple word matching
=item Using character classes
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
=item Matching repetitions
=item Using regular expressions in Perl
=item Part 2: Power tools
=item More on characters, strings, and character classes
=item Compiling and saving regular expressions
=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
=item Non-capturing groupings
=item Looking ahead and looking behind
=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
=item Conditional expressions
=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
=item Pragmas and debugging
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
=item Regular Expressions
[1], [2], [3], cntrl, graph, print, punct, xdigit
C<(?#text)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)>, C<(?:pattern)>, C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>,
C<(?=pattern)>, C<(?!pattern)>, C<(?<=pattern)>, C<(?<!pattern)>, C<(?{
code })>, C<(??{ code })>, C<< (?>pattern) >>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>, C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
=item Warning on \1 vs $1
=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
=item Combining pieces together
C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
=item Creating custom RE engines
=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
=item Symbolic references
=item Not-so-symbolic references
=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
=head2 perlform - Perl formats
=item Accessing Formatting Internals
=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
=item If we could talk to the animals...
=item Introducing the method invocation arrow
=item Invoking a barnyard
=item The extra parameter of method invocation
=item Calling a second method to simplify things
=item Inheriting the windpipes
=item A few notes about @ISA
=item Overriding the methods
=item Starting the search from a different place
=item The SUPER way of doing things
=item Where we're at so far...
=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
=item Invoking an instance method
=item Accessing the instance data
=item How to build a horse
=item Inheriting the constructor
=item Making a method work with either classes or instances
=item Adding parameters to a method
=item More interesting instances
=item A horse of a different color
=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
=item Object Representation
=item Constructors and Instance Methods
=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
=item Other Object Methods
=item Accessing Class Data
=item Documenting the Interface
=item Multiple Inheritance
=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
=item Alternate Object Representations
=item Closures as Objects
=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
=item Autoloaded Data Methods
=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
=item Metaclassical Tools
=item Data Members as Variables
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
=item Class Data in a Can
=item Class Data as Package Variables
=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
=item Inheritance Concerns
=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
=item Indirect References to Class Data
=item Translucent Attributes
=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
=item Privacy and Responsibility
=item File-Scoped Lexicals
=item More Inheritance Concerns
=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
=item Translucency Revisited
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
=item An Object is Simply a Reference
=item A Class is Simply a Package
=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
=item Indirect Object Syntax
=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, UNTIE this,
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, FETCH this, index, STORE this, index, value,
FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this, SHIFT this,
UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST, UNTIE this, DESTROY
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST, FETCH this, key, STORE
this, key, value, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, EXISTS this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, UNTIE this, DESTROY this
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this,
LIST, READ this, LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, UNTIE this,
=item The C<untie> Gotcha
=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Signals as "faults", Signals
triggered by operating system state
=item Using open() for IPC
=item Background Processes
=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
=item Internet Line Terminators
=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
=item UDP: Message Passing
=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets
=item Killing the parent process
=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions
=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
=item Threaded Program Models
=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
=item Thread-Safe Modules
=item Basic Thread Support
=item A Note about the Examples
=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
=item Shared And Unshared Data
=item Thread Pitfalls: Races
=item Synchronization and control
=item Controlling access: lock()
=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
=item Queues: Passing Data Around
=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
=item Advanced Semaphores
=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
=item General Thread Utility Routines
=item What Thread Am I In?
=item Are These Threads The Same?
=item What Threads Are Running?
=item Performance considerations
=item Process-scope Changes
=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
=item OS-Related References
=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
=item Threaded Program Models
=item What kind of threads are perl threads?
=item Basic Thread Support
=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
=item Shared And Unshared Data
=item Thread Pitfall: Races
=item Controlling access: lock()
=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
=item Queues: Passing Data Around
=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
=item Locking A Subroutine
=item General Thread Utility Routines
=item What Thread Am I In?
=item Are These Threads The Same?
=item What Threads Are Running?
=item OS-Related References
=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
=item Numbers endianness and Width
=item Files and Filesystems
=item Command names versus file pathnames
=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
=item External Subroutines (XS)
=item Character sets and character encoding
=item Internationalisation
Mailing list: cpan-testers@perl.org, Testing results:
=item DOS and Derivatives
=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-I<X> FILEHANDLE, -I<X> EXPR, -I<X>, alarm SECONDS, alarm, binmode
FILEHANDLE, chmod LIST, chown LIST, chroot FILENAME, chroot, crypt
PLAINTEXT,SALT, dbmclose HASH, dbmopen HASH,DBNAME,MODE, dump LABEL, exec
LIST, exit EXPR, exit, fcntl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION, fork, getlogin, getpgrp PID, getppid, getpriority
WHICH,WHO, getpwnam NAME, getgrnam NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getpwuid UID,
getgrgid GID, getnetbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER,
getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent, getgrent, gethostent, getnetent,
getprotoent, getservent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN,
setprotoent STAYOPEN, setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob
EXPR, glob, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill SIGNAL, LIST, link
OLDFILE,NEWFILE, lstat FILEHANDLE, lstat EXPR, lstat, msgctl ID,CMD,ARG,
msgget KEY,FLAGS, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS, msgrcv ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS, open
FILEHANDLE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE, pipe READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE, readlink
EXPR, readlink, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT, semctl ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG,
semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS, semop KEY,OPSTRING, setgrent, setpgrp PID,PGRP,
setpriority WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY, setpwent, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL, shmctl ID,CMD,ARG, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS,
shmread ID,VAR,POS,SIZE, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE, sockatmark SOCKET,
socketpair SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL, stat FILEHANDLE, stat
EXPR, stat, symlink OLDFILE,NEWFILE, syscall LIST, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, system LIST, times, truncate
FILEHANDLE,LENGTH, truncate EXPR,LENGTH, umask EXPR, umask, utime LIST,
v1.48, 02 February 2001, v1.47, 22 March 2000, v1.46, 12 February 2000,
v1.45, 20 December 1999, v1.44, 19 July 1999, v1.43, 24 May 1999, v1.42, 22
May 1999, v1.41, 19 May 1999, v1.40, 11 April 1999, v1.39, 11 February
1999, v1.38, 31 December 1998, v1.37, 19 December 1998, v1.36, 9 September
1998, v1.35, 13 August 1998, v1.33, 06 August 1998, v1.32, 05 August 1998,
v1.30, 03 August 1998, v1.23, 10 July 1998
=item Supported Platforms
=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
=item The use locale pragma
=item The setlocale function
=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
=item Permanently fixing locale problems
=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
=item Fixing system locale configuration
=item The localeconv function
=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
=item Backward compatibility
=item I18N:Collate obsolete
=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
=item Freely available locale definitions
=item An imperfect standard
=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
=item Perl's Unicode Support
=item Perl's Unicode Model
=item Displaying Unicode As Text
=item Questions With Answers
=item Hexadecimal Notation
=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts
=item Byte and Character Semantics
=item Effects of Character Semantics
=item User-Defined Character Properties
=item Character Encodings for Input and Output
=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
=item Security Implications of Unicode
=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
=item Using Unicode in XS
=item Interaction with Locales
=item Interaction with Extensions
=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
=item 13 variant characters
=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
=item MONO CASE then sort data.
=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
=item URL decoding and encoding
=item uu encoding and decoding
=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
=item Hashing order and checksums
=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
=head2 perlsec - Perl security
=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
=item Switches On the "#!" Line
=item Cleaning Up Your Path
=item Protecting Your Programs
=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
=item Package Constructors and Destructors
=item Making your module threadsafe
=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum, bigrat, blib, bytes,
charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields, filetest, if, integer,
less, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap, sort, strict, subs,
threads, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings, warnings::register
AnyDBM_File, Attribute::Handlers, AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata,
B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug,
B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash,
B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark, ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp,
CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast, CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util,
CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime, CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA,
Class::Struct, Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest,
DirHandle, Dumpvalue, Encode, English, Env, Errno, Exporter,
Exporter::Heavy, ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM,
ExtUtils::Constant, ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install,
ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist, ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_Any,
ExtUtils::MM_BeOS, ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS,
ExtUtils::MM_MacOS, ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker, ExtUtils::Manifest,
ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap, ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist,
ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Path,
File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc, File::Spec::Functions,
File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix, File::Spec::VMS,
File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache, FileHandle,
Filter::Simple, FindBin, Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util,
I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags, I18N::LangTags::List, IO, IPC::Open2,
IPC::Open3, Locale::Constants, Locale::Country, Locale::Currency,
Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext, Locale::Maketext::TPJ13,
Locale::Script, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt, Math::BigInt::Calc,
Math::BigRat, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File,
Memoize::Expire, Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest,
Memoize::NDBM_File, Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT,
Net::Cmd, Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc,
Net::POP3, Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ,
Net::netent, Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX,
PerlIO, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint, Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions,
Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink,
Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser, Pod::Plainer, Pod::Select, Pod::Text,
Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike, Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage,
SDBM_File, Safe, Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket,
Storable, Switch, Symbol, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap, Term::Complete,
Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness, Test::Harness::Assert,
Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple,
Test::Tutorial, Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords,
Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs, Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue,
Thread::Semaphore, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::Local,
Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL, Unicode::Collate,
Unicode::UCD, User::grent, User::pwent, Win32
China, India, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Korea, Philippines, Russian
Federation, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia,
Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, United
Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Quebec, Mexico
Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Illinois, Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas,
Utah, Virginia, ashington, Wisconsin
=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
=item Guidelines for Module Creation
=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
=item Release considerations
=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
=item Has it been done before?
=item Do one thing and do it well
=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
=item To OO or not to OO?
Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
=item Strictness and warnings
=item Backwards compatibility
=item Error handling and messages
=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
=item Reinventing the wheel
=item Trying to do too much
=item Inappropriate documentation
L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Testing tools,
http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software engineering
=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
=item What should I make into a module?
=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
=item Step-by-step: Making the module
Start with F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and L<warnings|warnings>, Use
L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!, Use L<plain old
documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
=item Which version of Perl should I use?
=item What are perl4 and perl5?
=item How stable is Perl?
=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.13 $,
$Date: 2002/04/26 16:56:35 $)
=item What machines support Perl? Where do I get it?
=item How can I get a binary version of Perl?
=item I don't have a C compiler on my system. How can I compile perl?
=item I copied the Perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
What does CPAN/src/... mean?
=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
=item Where can I get information on Perl?
=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
=item Where should I post source code?
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
=item Where can I buy a commercial version of Perl?
=item Where do I send bug reports?
=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.22 $, $Date: 2002/05/06
=item How do I do (anything)?
=item How can I use Perl interactively?
=item Is there a Perl shell?
=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Komodo, The Object System, Open Perl IDE, PerlBuilder, visiPerl+, OptiPerl,
CodeMagicCD, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Elvis, Vile, Vim, Codewright,
MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite, Alpha
=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
=item How can I use curses with Perl?
=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
=item How can I generate simple menus without using CGI or Tk?
=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
=item Is it unsafe to return a pointer to local data?
=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl? [h2xs, xsubpp]
=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in
my C program; what am I doing wrong?
=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.25 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
=item How do I convert between numeric representations?
How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
=item How do I multiply matrices?
=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
=item How can I output Roman numerals?
=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
=item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
=item How do I find the week-of-the-year/day-of-the-year?
=item How do I find the current century or millennium?
=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
=item How can I find the Julian Day?
=item How do I find yesterday's date?
=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
=item How do I validate input?
=item How do I unescape a string?
=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
=item How do I reverse a string?
=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
=item How can I access/change the first N letters of a string?
=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
[character]? (Comma-separated files)
=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
=item Why don't my <<HERE documents work?
1. There must be no space after the << part, 2. There (probably) should be
a semicolon at the end, 3. You can't (easily) have any space in front of
=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
intersection of two arrays?
=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
=item How do I handle linked lists?
=item How do I handle circular lists?
=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
=item How do I select a random element from an array?
=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
=item How do I process an entire hash?
=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?
=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.18 $, $Date: 2002/05/30
=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
=item How do I make a temporary file name?
=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
=item How can I write() into a string?
=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use <*>?
=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
=item How can I reliably rename a file?
=item How can I lock a file?
=item Why can't I just open(FH, ">file.lock")?
=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
the file. How can I do this?
=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
file. Do I still have to use locking?
=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
=item How do I select a random line from a file?
=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.12 $, $Date: 2002/06/01
=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
=item What is C</o> really for?
=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
=item How do I process each word on each line?
=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
=item How can I do approximate matching?
=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
=item What's wrong with using grep or map in a void context?
=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date:
=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
=item How do I skip some return values?
=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
=item What's an extension?
=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
=item How do I declare/create a structure?
=item How do I create a module?
=item How do I create a class?
=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
=item How do I create a static variable?
=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
Between local() and my()?
=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = <FILE>;" work right?
=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables/functions/methods?
=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
=item How can I find out my current package?
=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
=item How do I clear a package?
=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.8 $, $Date: 2002/05/16
=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
=item How come exec() doesn't return?
=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
=item How do I print something out in color?
=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
=item How do I clear the screen?
=item How do I get the screen size?
=item How do I ask the user for a password?
=item How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
=item How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
=item How do I set the time and date?
=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
=item How can I measure time under a second?
=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
=item How can I write expect in Perl?
=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
=item How do I fork a daemon process?
=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
=item How do I timeout a slow event?
=item How do I set CPU limits?
=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
=item How do I use an SQL database?
=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
=item How do I open a file without blocking?
=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
=item What's the difference between require and use?
=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
=item How do I add a directory to my include path at runtime?
=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.9 $, $Date: 2002/04/07 18:46:13
=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
=item How do I extract URLs?
=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
=item How do I redirect to another page?
=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
CGI script to do bad things?
=item How do I parse a mail header?
=item How do I decode a CGI form?
=item How do I check a valid mail address?
=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
=item How do I return the user's mail address?
=item How do I send mail?
=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
=item How do I read mail?
=item How do I find out my hostname/domainname/IP address?
=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
=item Using The Back Ends
=item The Cross Referencing Back End
=item The Decompiling Back End
=item The Simple C Back End
=item The Bytecode Back End
=item The Optimized C Back End
=item Module List for the Compiler Suite
B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
=item Compiling your C program
=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
=item Execution of END blocks
=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
=item Embedding Perl under Win32
=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
=item Writing Your Own Debugger
=item Frame Listing Output Examples
=item Debugging regular expressions
=item Compile-time output
C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
=item Debugging Perl memory usage
=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
=item Example of using B<-DL> switch
C<717>, C<002>, C<054>, C<602>, C<702>, C<704>
=item Limitations of B<-DL> statistics
=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
=item Writing good test scripts
=item Input and Output Parameters
=item Warning about Output Arguments
=item What has happened here?
=item Anatomy of .xs file
=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
=item More about XSUB arguments
=item Extending your Extension
=item Documenting your Extension
=item Installing your Extension
=item New Things in this Example
=item New Things in this Example
=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
=item Troubleshooting these Examples
=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
=item The RETVAL Variable
=item The PACKAGE Keyword
=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
=item The NO_INIT Keyword
=item Initializing Function Parameters
=item Default Parameter Values
=item The PREINIT: Keyword
=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
=item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
=item The C_ARGS: Keyword
=item The PPCODE: Keyword
=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
=item The POSTCALL: Keyword
=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
=item The INTERFACE: Keyword
=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
=item The & Unary Operator
=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
=item Perl Objects And C Structures
=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
=item File Input and Output
=item Memory Management and String Handling
=item Character Class Tests
=item F<stdlib.h> functions
=item Miscellaneous functions
=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
=item Hash API Extensions
=item Blessed References and Class Objects
=item Creating New Variables
=item Reference Counts and Mortality
=item Magic Virtual Tables
=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
*sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
=item Scratchpads and recursion
=item Compile pass 1: check routines
=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
=item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
=item So what happened to dTHR?
=item How do I use all this in extensions?
=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, j, x
=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
=item Source Documentation
=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
=item How can I recognise a UTF8 string?
=item How does UTF8 represent Unicode characters?
=item How does Perl store UTF8 strings?
=item How do I convert a string to UTF8?
=item Is there anything else I need to know?
=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
=item Determining the Context
=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
=item Returning a list of values
=item Returning a list in a scalar context
=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
GIMME, GIMME_V, G_ARRAY, G_DISCARD, G_EVAL, G_NOARGS, G_SCALAR, G_VOID
=item Array Manipulation Functions
AvFILL, av_clear, av_delete, av_exists, av_extend, av_fetch, av_fill,
av_len, av_make, av_pop, av_push, av_shift, av_store, av_undef, av_unshift,
get_av, newAV, Nullav, sortsv
call_argv, call_method, call_pv, call_sv, ENTER, eval_pv, eval_sv,
FREETMPS, LEAVE, SAVETMPS
isALNUM, isALPHA, isDIGIT, isLOWER, isSPACE, isUPPER, toLOWER, toUPPER
=item Cloning an interpreter
=item CV Manipulation Functions
=item Embedding Functions
load_module, nothreadhook, perl_alloc, perl_construct, perl_destruct,
perl_free, perl_parse, perl_run, require_pv
=item Functions in file pp_pack.c
PL_modglobal, PL_na, PL_sv_no, PL_sv_undef, PL_sv_yes
GvSV, gv_fetchmeth, gv_fetchmethod, gv_fetchmethod_autoload,
gv_fetchmeth_autoload, gv_stashpv, gv_stashsv
HEf_SVKEY, Nullch, Nullsv
=item Hash Manipulation Functions
get_hv, HeHASH, HeKEY, HeKLEN, HePV, HeSVKEY, HeSVKEY_force, HeSVKEY_set,
HeVAL, HvNAME, hv_clear, hv_delete, hv_delete_ent, hv_exists,
hv_exists_ent, hv_fetch, hv_fetch_ent, hv_iterinit, hv_iterkey,
hv_iterkeysv, hv_iternext, hv_iternextsv, hv_iternext_flags, hv_iterval,
hv_magic, hv_store, hv_store_ent, hv_undef, newHV, Nullhv
mg_clear, mg_copy, mg_find, mg_free, mg_get, mg_length, mg_magical, mg_set,
SvGETMAGIC, SvLOCK, SvSETMAGIC, SvSetMagicSV, SvSetMagicSV_nosteal,
SvSetSV, SvSetSV_nosteal, SvSHARE
Copy, Move, New, Newc, NEWSV, Newz, Poison, Renew, Renewc, Safefree,
savepv, savepvn, savesharedpv, StructCopy, Zero
=item Miscellaneous Functions
fbm_compile, fbm_instr, form, getcwd_sv, strEQ, strGE, strGT, strLE, strLT,
grok_bin, grok_hex, grok_number, grok_numeric_radix, grok_oct, scan_bin,
=item Optree Manipulation Functions
cv_const_sv, newCONSTSUB, newXS
=item Stack Manipulation Macros
dMARK, dORIGMARK, dSP, EXTEND, MARK, ORIGMARK, POPi, POPl, POPn, POPp,
POPpbytex, POPpx, POPs, PUSHi, PUSHMARK, PUSHn, PUSHp, PUSHs, PUSHu,
PUTBACK, SP, SPAGAIN, XPUSHi, XPUSHn, XPUSHp, XPUSHs, XPUSHu, XSRETURN,
XSRETURN_IV, XSRETURN_NO, XSRETURN_NV, XSRETURN_PV, XSRETURN_UNDEF,
XSRETURN_YES, XST_mIV, XST_mNO, XST_mNV, XST_mPV, XST_mUNDEF, XST_mYES
svtype, SVt_IV, SVt_NV, SVt_PV, SVt_PVAV, SVt_PVCV, SVt_PVHV, SVt_PVMG
=item SV Manipulation Functions
get_sv, looks_like_number, newRV_inc, newRV_noinc, newSV, newSViv, newSVnv,
newSVpv, newSVpvf, newSVpvn, newSVpvn_share, newSVrv, newSVsv, newSVuv,
new_vstring, SvCUR, SvCUR_set, SvEND, SvGROW, SvIOK, SvIOKp, SvIOK_notUV,
SvIOK_off, SvIOK_on, SvIOK_only, SvIOK_only_UV, SvIOK_UV, SvIV, SvIVx,
SvIVX, SvLEN, SvNIOK, SvNIOKp, SvNIOK_off, SvNOK, SvNOKp, SvNOK_off,
SvNOK_on, SvNOK_only, SvNV, SvNVX, SvNVx, SvOK, SvOOK, SvPOK, SvPOKp,
SvPOK_off, SvPOK_on, SvPOK_only, SvPOK_only_UTF8, SvPV, SvPVbyte,
SvPVbytex, SvPVbytex_force, SvPVbyte_force, SvPVbyte_nolen, SvPVutf8,
SvPVutf8x, SvPVutf8x_force, SvPVutf8_force, SvPVutf8_nolen, SvPVx, SvPVX,
SvPV_force, SvPV_force_nomg, SvPV_nolen, SvREFCNT, SvREFCNT_dec,
SvREFCNT_inc, SvROK, SvROK_off, SvROK_on, SvRV, SvSTASH, SvTAINT,
SvTAINTED, SvTAINTED_off, SvTAINTED_on, SvTRUE, SvTYPE, SvUNLOCK, SvUOK,
SvUPGRADE, SvUTF8, SvUTF8_off, SvUTF8_on, SvUV, SvUVX, SvUVx, sv_2bool,
sv_2cv, sv_2io, sv_2iv, sv_2mortal, sv_2nv, sv_2pvbyte, sv_2pvbyte_nolen,
sv_2pvutf8, sv_2pvutf8_nolen, sv_2pv_flags, sv_2pv_nolen, sv_2uv,
sv_backoff, sv_bless, sv_catpv, sv_catpvf, sv_catpvf_mg, sv_catpvn,
sv_catpvn_flags, sv_catpvn_mg, sv_catpv_mg, sv_catsv, sv_catsv_flags,
sv_catsv_mg, sv_chop, sv_clear, sv_cmp, sv_cmp_locale, sv_collxfrm,
sv_copypv, sv_dec, sv_derived_from, sv_eq, sv_force_normal,
sv_force_normal_flags, sv_free, sv_gets, sv_grow, sv_inc, sv_insert,
sv_isa, sv_isobject, sv_iv, sv_len, sv_len_utf8, sv_magic, sv_magicext,
sv_mortalcopy, sv_newmortal, sv_newref, sv_nolocking, sv_nosharing,
sv_nounlocking, sv_nv, sv_pos_b2u, sv_pos_u2b, sv_pv, sv_pvbyte,
sv_pvbyten, sv_pvbyten_force, sv_pvn, sv_pvn_force, sv_pvn_force_flags,
sv_pvutf8, sv_pvutf8n, sv_pvutf8n_force, sv_reftype, sv_replace,
sv_report_used, sv_reset, sv_rvweaken, sv_setiv, sv_setiv_mg, sv_setnv,
sv_setnv_mg, sv_setpv, sv_setpvf, sv_setpvf_mg, sv_setpvn, sv_setpvn_mg,
sv_setpv_mg, sv_setref_iv, sv_setref_nv, sv_setref_pv, sv_setref_pvn,
sv_setref_uv, sv_setsv, sv_setsv_flags, sv_setsv_mg, sv_setuv, sv_setuv_mg,
sv_taint, sv_tainted, sv_true, sv_unmagic, sv_unref, sv_unref_flags,
sv_untaint, sv_upgrade, sv_usepvn, sv_usepvn_mg, sv_utf8_decode,
sv_utf8_downgrade, sv_utf8_encode, sv_utf8_upgrade, sv_utf8_upgrade_flags,
sv_uv, sv_vcatpvfn, sv_vsetpvfn
bytes_from_utf8, bytes_to_utf8, ibcmp_utf8, is_utf8_char, is_utf8_string,
pv_uni_display, sv_recode_to_utf8, sv_uni_display, to_utf8_case,
to_utf8_fold, to_utf8_lower, to_utf8_title, to_utf8_upper, utf8n_to_uvchr,
utf8n_to_uvuni, utf8_distance, utf8_hop, utf8_length, utf8_to_bytes,
utf8_to_uvchr, utf8_to_uvuni, uvchr_to_utf8, uvuni_to_utf8_flags
=item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
ax, CLASS, dAX, dITEMS, dXSARGS, dXSI32, items, ix, newXSproto, RETVAL, ST,
THIS, XS, XSRETURN_EMPTY, XS_VERSION, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK
=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
PL_DBsingle, PL_DBsub, PL_DBtrace, PL_dowarn, PL_last_in_gv, PL_ofs_sv,
=item Pad Data Structures
=item Stack Manipulation Macros
=item SV Manipulation Functions
report_uninit, sv_add_arena, sv_clean_all, sv_clean_objs, sv_free_arenas
=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
=item History and Background
=item Layers vs Disciplines
=item Functions and Attributes
=item Per-instance flag bits
PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
=item Co-existence with stdio
B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
=item "Fast gets" Functions
B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
=item Support for I/O disciplines
=item Make "\u{XXXX}" et al work
=item Create a char *sv_pvprintify(sv, STRLEN *lenp, UV flags)
=item Overloadable regex assertions
=item Work out exit/die semantics for threads
=item Better support for nonpreemptive threading systems like GNU pth
=item Typed lexicals for compiler
=item Compiler workarounds for Win32
=item AUTOLOADing in the compiler
=item Fixing comppadlist when compiling
=item Cleaning up exported namespace
=item Complete signal handling
=item Out-of-source builds
=item POSIX realtime support
=item Long double conversion
=item Arithmetic on non-Arabic numerals
=item POSIX Unicode character classes
=item Factoring out common suffices/prefices in regexps (trie optimization)
=item Security audit shipped utilities
=item Sort out the uid-setting mess
=item Introduce @( and @)
=item Floating point handling
=item Replace pod2html with something using Pod::Parser
=item Automate module testing on CPAN
=item sendmsg and recvmsg
=item Rewrite perlre documentation
=item Convert example code to IO::Handle filehandles
=item Document Win32 choices
=item Make roffitall find pods and libs itself
=item To do at some point
=item Remove regular expression recursion
=item Memory leaks after failed eval
=item Perl preprocessor / macros
=item Using POSIX calls internally
=item -i rename file when changed
=item All ARGV input should act like E<lt>E<gt>
=item Support for rerunning debugger
=item Test Suite for the Debugger
=item One-pass global destruction
=item Rewrite regexp parser
=item Cache recently used regexps
=item Cross-compilation support
=item Bit-shifting bitvectors
=item Shrink opcode tables
=item Prototypes versus indirect objects
=item Prototype method calls
=item Return context prototype declarations
=item Install .3p manpages
=item Update POSIX.pm for 1003.1-2
=item Retargetable installation
=item POSIX emulation on non-POSIX systems
=item Rename Win32 headers
=item Finish off lvalue functions
=item Update sprintf documentation
=item Use fchown/fchmod internally
=item Make v-strings overloaded objects
=item Allow restricted hash assignment
=item Should overload be inheritable?
=item ref() in list context
=item Make tr/// return histogram of characters in list context
=item Compile to real threaded code
=item Modifiable $1 et al.
=item Procedural interfaces for IO::*, etc.
=item Attach/detach debugger from running program
=item foreach(reverse ...)
=item Constant function cache
=item Approximate regular expression matching
=item Update guts documentation
=item Update auxiliary tools
=item Create debugging macros
=item truncate to the people
=item Unicode in Filenames
=item Recently done things
=item Alternative RE syntax module
=item Safe signal handling
=item setitimer and getimiter
=item Testing __DIE__ hook
=item CPP equivalent in Perl
=item Explicit switch statements
=item perlcc to produce executable
=item END blocks saved in compiled output
=item Secure temporary file module
=item Integrate Time::HiRes
=item Byte to/from UTF8 and UTF8 to/from local conversion
=item Add sockatmark support
=item Mailing list archives
=item Web "nerve center" for Perl
=item Regular expression tutorial
=item Integrate new modules
=item Y2K error detection
=item Regular expression debugger
=item Cache precompiled modules
=item Loop control on do{}
=item Lexically scoped typeglobs
=item Generalised want()/caller())
=item Regression tests for suidperl
=item Add compression modules
=item Reorganise documentation into tutorials/references
=item Remove distinction between functions and operators
=item Make XS easier to use
=item Make embedding easier to use
=item my $Package::variable
=item "or" tests defined, not truth
=item "class"-based lexicals
=item Lazy evaluation / tail recursion removal
=item Make "use utf8" the default
=item Unicode collation and normalization
=item pack/unpack tutorial
=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
NFS, rsync'ing the patches
=item Why rsync the source tree
It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
=item Why rsync the patches
It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
=item Perlbug remote interface
1 http://bugs.perl.org, 2 bugdb@perl.org, 3
commands_and_bugdids@bugs.perl.org, notes, patches, tests
L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
=item Finding Your Way Around
Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
=item Elements of the interpreter
Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running
=item Internal Variable Types
Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
=item Using a source-level debugger
run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
=item Dumping Perl Data Structures
=item Patching a core module
=item Adding a new function to the core
F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, t/base t/comp, t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
=item Special Make Test Targets
coretest, test.deparse, minitest, test.third check.third utest.third
ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8 check.utf8
=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
=item Rational Software's Purify
-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
=item Miscellaneous tricks
I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
=head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
=item Highlights In 5.8.0
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Binary Incompatibility
=item 64-bit platforms and malloc
=item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
=item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
=item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
=item New Unicode Properties
=item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
=item pack/unpack D/F recycled
=item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
=item PerlIO is Now The Default
=item Understanding of Numbers
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
=item Miscellaneous Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item New Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item Generic Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
=item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
=item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
=item PDL failing some tests
=item Self-tying Problems
=item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
=item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
=item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
=item Platform Specific Problems
=item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
=item Cygwin "unable to remap"
=item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
=item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
=item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
=item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
=item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
=item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
=item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
=item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
=item XML::Parser not working
=item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
=item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
=head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item 64-bit platforms and malloc
=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
=item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item New Modules and Distributions
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Generic Improvements
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Source Code Enhancements
=item Better commented code
=item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
=item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
=item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
=item Failure of Thread tests
=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
=item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
=head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
=item PerlIO is Now The Default
=item Signals Are Now Safe
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Porting/repository.pod
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Generic Improvements
d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item sigaction test 13 in VMS
=item sprintf tests 129 and 130
=item Failure of Thread tests
=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item Generic Improvements
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item Storable tests fail in some platforms
=item Threads Are Still Experimental
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
=item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
=item Configuration issues
B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
=item Platform-specific improvements
=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
=item Lexically scoped warning categories
=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
=item Support for interpolating named characters
=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
=item Improved Perl version numbering system
=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
=item open() with more than two arguments
=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
=item File globbing implemented internally
=item Support for CHECK blocks
=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
=item Better pseudo-random number generator
=item Improved C<qw//> operator
=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
=item pack() format 'Z' supported
=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
=item Comments in pack() templates
=item Binary numbers supported
=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
=item Pseudo-hashes work better
=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
=item Improved diagnostics
=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
=item syswrite() ease-of-use
=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
=item Bit operators support full native integer width
=item Improved security features
=item More functional bareword prototype (*)
=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
=item Optional Y2K warnings
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
=item Modules and Pragmata
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
=item Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
=item Performance enhancements
=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
=item Faster subroutine calls
=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item -Dusethreads means something different
=item New Configure flags
=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
=item Enhanced Installation Directories
=item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
=item Platform specific changes
=item Supported platforms
=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
=item Significant bug fixes
=item <HANDLE> on empty files
=item C<eval '...'> improvements
=item All compilation errors are true errors
=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
=item Failures in DESTROY()
=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
=item Taint failures under C<-U>
=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
=item C Source Incompatibilities
C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
=item Compatible C Source API Changes
C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
=item Binary Incompatibilities
=item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
=item Known test failures
=item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
=item Arrow operator and arrays
=item Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
=head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
=item Lexically scoped warning categories
=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
=item Support for interpolating named characters
=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
=item Improved Perl version numbering system
=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
=item open() with more than two arguments
=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
=item File globbing implemented internally
=item Support for CHECK blocks
=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
=item Better pseudo-random number generator
=item Improved C<qw//> operator
=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
=item pack() format 'Z' supported
=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
=item Comments in pack() templates
=item Binary numbers supported
=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
=item Pseudo-hashes work better
=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
=item Improved diagnostics
=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
=item syswrite() ease-of-use
=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
=item Bit operators support full native integer width
=item Improved security features
=item More functional bareword prototype (*)
=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
=item Optional Y2K warnings
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
=item Modules and Pragmata
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
=item Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
=item Performance enhancements
=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
=item Faster subroutine calls
=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item -Dusethreads means something different
=item New Configure flags
=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
=item Enhanced Installation Directories
=item Platform specific changes
=item Supported platforms
=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
=item Significant bug fixes
=item <HANDLE> on empty files
=item C<eval '...'> improvements
=item All compilation errors are true errors
=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
=item Failures in DESTROY()
=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
=item Taint failures under C<-U>
=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
=item C Source Incompatibilities
C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
=item Compatible C Source API Changes
C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
=item Binary Incompatibilities
=item Thread test failures
=item EBCDIC platforms not supported
=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
=item Arrow operator and arrays
=item Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
=head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
=item About the new versioning system
=item Incompatible Changes
=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
=item Default installation structure has changed
=item Perl Source Compatibility
=item C Source Compatibility
=item Binary Compatibility
=item Security fixes may affect compatibility
=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
=item Regular Expressions
Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
improvements, Incompatible changes
=item Quicksort is internally implemented
=item Reliable stack pointers
=item More generous treatment of carriage returns
=item Better support for multiple interpreters
=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
=item Pseudo-hashes are supported
=item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
=item Keywords can be globally overridden
=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
=item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
=item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
=item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
=item Better locale support
=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
=item Extended support for exception handling
=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
=item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
=item New C<INIT> keyword
=item New C<lock> keyword
=item New C<qr//> operator
=item C<our> is now a reserved word
=item Tied arrays are now fully supported
=item Tied handles support is better
=item 4th argument to substr
=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
=item Magic lvalues are now more magical
=item <> now reads in records
=item Supported Platforms
=item Changes in existing support
=item Modules and Pragmata
B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
Thread, attrs, fields, re
=item Changes in existing modules
Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
=item Documentation Changes
Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
temporary file, regexp too big
=item Configuration Changes
=head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
=item Supported Environments
=item List assignment to %ENV works
=item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
=item $PERL5OPT environment variable
=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
=item More precise warnings
=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
=item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
=item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
=item No resetting of $. on implicit close
=item C<wantarray> may return undef
=item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
=item Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
=item Embedding improvements
=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
=item New and changed syntax
=item New and changed builtin constants
=item New and changed builtin variables
=item New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
=item New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
=item TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
=item Malloc enhancements
-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
=item Support for More Operating Systems
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
=item Installation directories
=item Module information summary
=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Sends converted HTML to standard output
C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
=item C Language API Changes
C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
=item Documentation Changes
L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
"${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
long, Process terminated by SIG%s
=head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
=item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
=item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
=item Using Large Files with Perl
=item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
=head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
=item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
=item Accessing documentation
=item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
=item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
=item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
=item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
=item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
=item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
=item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
=item Making Perl on AmigaOS
=item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
=item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
=item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
=head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5 on BeOS
=item General Issues with Perl on BeOS
=item BeOS Release-specific Notes
=item Contact Information
=head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
=item Compiling Perl on BS2000
=item Testing Perl on BS2000
=item Installing Perl on BS2000
=item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
=item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
=item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
=item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
=item Cygwin Configuration
C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
=item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
=item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
=item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
=item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
=item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
=item File Permissions on Cygwin
=item NDBM_File does not work on FAT filesystems
=item Script Portability on Cygwin
Pathnames, Text/Binary, F<.exe>, chown(), Miscellaneous
=item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
=head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
=item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
=item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
=item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
=item Testing Perl on DG/UX
=item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
=item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
=item Building Perl on DOS
=item Testing Perl on DOS
=item Installation of Perl on DOS
=item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
=item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
=item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
=item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
=item Building XS Modules on DOS
=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
=item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
=item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
=item Features of Perl on Epoc
=item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
=item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
=item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
=head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
=item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
=item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
=item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
=item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
=item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
=item The HP ANSI C Compiler
=item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
=item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
=item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
=item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
=item perl -P and // and HP-UX
=item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
=item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
=head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
=item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
=head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
=item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
=item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
=item About Compiler Versions of Irix
=item Linker Problems in Irix
=item Building with threads in Irix
=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
=item Compiling Perl 5 on MachTen
=item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
=item Building external modules on MachTen
=head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
=head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
=item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
=item Binary distribution from HP
=item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
=item System Requirements for Perl/iX
=item How to Obtain Perl/iX
=item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
=item How to Compile Perl/iX
=item Getting Started with Perl/iX
=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
=item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
=item Perl/iX Change History
SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
=item Build new extensions
=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
=item Frequently asked questions
=item I cannot run external programs
=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
=item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
=item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
=item Automatic binary installation
C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
=item Manual binary installation
Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
=item Accessing documentation
=item Getting perl source
=item Application of the patches
A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
=item Installing the built perl
=item C<a.out>-style build
=item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
=item Problems with tr or sed
=item Some problem (forget which ;-)
=item Library ... not found
=item op/sprintf test failure
=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
=item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
=item C<extproc> on the first line
=item Additional modules:
C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
=item Prebuilt variables:
$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
=item Centralized management of resources
C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
=item Why dynamic linking?
=item Text-mode filehandles
=item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
=item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
=item DLL forwarder generation
=item Calls to external programs
=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
=item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
=item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
=item Configure Perl on OS/390
=item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
=item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
=item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
=item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
=head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
=item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
=item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
=item QNX auxiliary files
=item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
=head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
=item What's in Plan 9 Perl
=item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
=item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
=item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
=item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
=item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
=head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
=item Solaris Version Numbers.
Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
=item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
=item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
=item Environment for Compiling Perl on Solaris
=item 64-bit Issues with Perl on Solaris.
=item Threads in Perl on Solaris.
=item Malloc Issues with Perl on Solaris.
Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found
=item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
=item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
=item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
=item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
=item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
=item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
=item BSD::Resource on Solaris
=item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
=head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
=item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
=item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
=item Threaded Perl on Tru64
=item Long Doubles on Tru64
=item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
=item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
=item Testing Perl on Tru64
=item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
=item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
=head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
=item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
=item Installing the built perl on UTS
=head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
=item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
=item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
=item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
=item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
=item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
=item Organization of Perl Images
=item Installing static extensions
=item Installing dynamic extensions
=item File specifications
=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
=item I/O redirection and backgrounding
=item Command line switches
File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
=head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
=item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
=item Stratus POSIX Support
=item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
=item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
=item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
=item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
=item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
=item Handling of underflow and overflow
=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
=item Setting Up Perl on Win32
Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Platform
SDK 64-bit Compiler, Mingw32 with GCC
=item Testing Perl on Win32
=item Installation of Perl on Win32
=item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
=item Running Perl Scripts
Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>
=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
=head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
data structures between threads
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
=head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
threads->list();, async BLOCK;
A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
=item Built-in Attributes
=item Available Subroutines
=item Package-specific Attribute Handling
FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
=item Syntax of Attribute Lists
=item Export tags defined
=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base class at compile time
=head2 bigint - Transparent big integer support for Perl
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
=head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
=head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
=item charnames::viacode(code)
=item charnames::vianame(name)
=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
=item Defining multiple constants at once
=head2 diagnostics - Perl compiler pragma to force verbose warning
=item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
=item The I<splain> Program
=head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
=item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
=head2 fields - compile-time class fields
=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
=head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
=head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
=item Adding directories to @INC
=item Deleting directories from @INC
=item Restoring original @INC
=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
=head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
=item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
=item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
=head2 overload - Package for overloading perl operations
=item Declaration of overloaded functions
=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
=item Calling Conventions for Mutators
C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
=item Overloadable Operations
I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
=item Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
is inherited by derived classes
=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
=item Run-time Overloading
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
=item Overloading constants
integer, float, binary, q, qr
=item Two-face references
=item Symbolic calculator
=item I<Really> symbolic calculator
Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
type, `%s' is not a code reference
=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
=head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
=head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
threads->list();, async BLOCK;
A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
Parent-Child threads, Returning objects, Creating threads inside BEGIN
blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
=head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
structures between threads
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_signal VARIABLE,
=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string);, utf8::downgrade($string[, FAIL_OK]),
utf8::encode($string), $flag = utf8::decode($string), $flag =
=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
=head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
warnings::warnif($object, $message)
=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
=head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
=item Type-specific attribute handlers
=item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
=item Phase-specific attribute handlers
=item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
be able to apply END handler>
=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
=item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
=item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
=item Not Using AutoLoader
=item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
=head2 B - The Perl Compiler
=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, AvFLAGS
STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, XSUB, XSUBANY,
FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, seq, flags, private
pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffet
label, stash, file, cop_seq, arybase, line
=item FUNCTIONS EXPORTED BY C<B>
main_cv, init_av, begin_av, end_av, main_root, main_start, comppadlist,
regex_padav, sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, amagic_generation, walkoptree(OP,
METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG), walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE,
PREFIX), svref_2object(SV), ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c,
cstring(STR), perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
%insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
=item Deprecated features
=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>, B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>,
B<-main>, B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>, B<-concise>,
B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<~>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>, B<#svclass>, B<#svval>,
B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
=item OP flags abbreviations
=item OP class abbreviations
=item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<dollar-underscore>,
B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>, B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUT, CODEHASHREF, [
STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
=item MODIFICATION HISTORY
=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-afilename>, B<-->, B<-f>, B<-fcompress-nullops>,
B<-fomit-sequence-numbers>, B<-fbypass-nullops>, B<-On>, B<-D>, B<-Do>,
B<-Db>, B<-Da>, B<-DC>, B<-S>, B<-upackage>
=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
-any, -compile, -nosticky, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
-newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
</table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
(B<-query_string>), B<-base>
=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
=item CREATING A POPUP MENU
=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
=item WORKING WITH FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()>, B<referer()>,
B<auth_type ()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name ()>,
B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
=head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
=item Changing the default message
=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
=item Creating New Cookies
=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
=item Recovering Previous Cookies
=item Manipulating Cookies
B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
=item Tags that won't be formatted
=item Customizing the Indenting
=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
=item Heterogeneous Pages
=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, look module or
distribution, ls author, Signals
=item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
=item Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
=item Methods in the other Classes
CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
CPAN::Distribution::test(), CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(),
CPAN::Index::force_reload(), CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(),
CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Module::as_string(),
CPAN::Module::clean(), CPAN::Module::cpan_file(),
CPAN::Module::cpan_version(), CPAN::Module::cvs_import(),
CPAN::Module::description(), CPAN::Module::force($method,@args),
CPAN::Module::get(), CPAN::Module::inst_file(),
CPAN::Module::inst_version(), CPAN::Module::install(),
CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(), CPAN::Module::userid()
=item Finding packages and VERSION
=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
[unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
=item Note on urllist parameter's format
=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
=item Three basic types of firewalls
http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10)
=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
=item Forcing a Stack Trace
=head2 Carp::Heavy, Carp heavy machinery - no user serviceable parts inside
=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item The C<struct()> function
=item Class Creation at Compile Time
=item Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
=item Initializing with C<new>
Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
=item Author and Modification History
=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
myconfig(), config_sh(), config_vars(@names)
C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_alarm>, C<d_archlib>,
C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>, C<d_attribut>, C<d_bcmp>,
C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>, C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>,
C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>, C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>,
C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>,
C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
C<d_eunice>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>, C<d_fcntl>,
C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>, C<d_fds_bits>,
C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>, C<d_flock>,
C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>, C<d_fpclass>,
C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>, C<d_fs_data_s>,
C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>, C<d_fsync>,
C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_Gconvert>, C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>,
C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>, C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>,
C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>, C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>,
C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>, C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>,
C<d_gethostent_r>, C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>,
C<d_getlogin_r>, C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>,
C<d_getnbyname>, C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>,
C<d_getnetent_r>, C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>,
C<d_getpbynumber>, C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>,
C<d_getppid>, C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>,
C<d_getprotobynumber_r>, C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>,
C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>, C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>,
C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>, C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>,
C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>, C<d_getservent_r>,
C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>, C<d_gettimeod>,
C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>, C<d_htonl>,
C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>, C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>,
C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>, C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>,
C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>, C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>,
C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>, C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>,
C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>, C<d_msg_ctrunc>,
C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>, C<d_msg_proxy>,
C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>, C<d_msgsnd>,
C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>,
C<d_nv_preserves_uv>, C<d_off64_t>, C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>,
C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>, C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>,
C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>, C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>,
C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>, C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>,
C<d_PRIFUldbl>, C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>,
C<d_PRIu64>, C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>,
C<d_pthread_atfork>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_sched_yield>, C<d_scm_rights>,
C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>, C<d_semctl>,
C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>, C<d_semop>,
C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>, C<d_setgrent_r>,
C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>, C<d_setitimer>,
C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>, C<d_setnent>,
C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>, C<d_setpgrp>,
C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>, C<d_setpwent>,
C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>, C<d_setresuid>,
C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>, C<d_setservent_r>,
C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>, C<d_shmat>,
C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>, C<d_sigaction>,
C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>, C<d_sockatmarkproto>,
C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>, C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sqrtl>,
C<d_srand48_r>, C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>,
C<d_statblks>, C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>,
C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>,
C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>, C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>,
C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>, C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>,
C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>, C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>,
C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>, C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>,
C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>, C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>,
C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>, C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>,
C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>, C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>,
C<d_unordered>, C<d_usleep>, C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>,
C<d_vendorbin>, C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>, C<getgrgid_r_proto>,
C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>, C<gethostbyname_r_proto>,
C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>, C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>,
C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>, C<getprotobyname_r_proto>,
C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>, C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>,
C<getpwnam_r_proto>, C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>,
C<getservbyport_r_proto>, C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>,
C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>, C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>,
C<gmtime_r_proto>, C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>,
C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>
C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installman1dir>,
C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>, C<installprefixexp>,
C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>, C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>,
C<installsitelib>, C<installstyle>, C<installusrbinperl>,
C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>, C<installvendorlib>, C<intsize>,
C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>, C<more>,
C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>, C<myuname>
C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
C<pm_apiversion>, C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>,
C<privlibexp>, C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
C<sitebinexp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>, C<siteprefix>,
C<siteprefixexp>, C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>,
C<sockethdr>, C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>,
C<spitshell>, C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>,
C<sPRIFUldbl>, C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>,
C<sPRIu64>, C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>,
C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>, C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>,
C<startsh>, C<static_ext>, C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>,
C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>, C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>,
C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>, C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<useithreads>,
C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>,
C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>, C<useperlio>, C<useposix>,
C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>, C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>,
C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>, C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>,
C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>, C<uvXUformat>
C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>, C<vendorprefix>,
C<vendorprefixexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
C<xlibpth>, C<xs_apiversion>
=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd
=item abs_path and friends
abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
$DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
=item Client Callback Methods
CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
=item Interface to Berkeley DB
=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
=item In Memory Databases
=item Changing the BTREE sort order
=item Handling Duplicate Keys
=item The get_dup() Method
=item The find_dup() Method
=item The del_dup() Method
=item Matching Partial Keys
=item Extra RECNO Methods
B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
$X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
=item Locking: The Trouble with fd
=item Safe ways to lock a database
B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
=item Sharing Databases With C Applications
=item Why is there Perl source in my database?
=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
=item Configuration Variables or Methods
$Data::Dumper::Indent I<or> I<$OBJ>->Indent(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Purity I<or> I<$OBJ>->Purity(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Pad I<or> I<$OBJ>->Pad(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Varname I<or> I<$OBJ>->Varname(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Useqq I<or> I<$OBJ>->Useqq(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Terse I<or> I<$OBJ>->Terse(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Freezer I<or> $I<OBJ>->Freezer(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Toaster I<or> $I<OBJ>->Toaster(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Deepcopy I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deepcopy(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Quotekeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Quotekeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Bless I<or> $I<OBJ>->Bless(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Maxdepth I<or> $I<OBJ>->Maxdepth(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Useperl I<or> $I<OBJ>->Useperl(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Sortkeys I<or> $I<OBJ>->Sortkeys(I<[NEWVAL]>),
$Data::Dumper::Deparse I<or> $I<OBJ>->Deparse(I<[NEWVAL]>)
=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
=head2 Devel::PPPort, Perl/Pollution/Portability
=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
=item Memory footprint debugging
=item A simple scalar string
=item A simple scalar number
=item A simple scalar with an extra reference
=item A reference to a simple scalar
=item A reference to an array
=item A reference to a hash
=item Dumping a large array or hash
=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
=item A reference to a subroutine
=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
=head2 Digest:: - Modules that calculate message digests
I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $ctx->reset, $ctx->add($data,...),
$ctx->addfile($io_handle), $ctx->digest, $ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->add($data,...),
$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
@dl_modules, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(), dl_expandspec(),
dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_loadflags(), dl_find_symbol(),
dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(), dl_install_xsub(),
=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
=head2 Encode - character encodings
$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
$octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
=item Listing available encodings
=item Encoding via PerlIO
=item Handling Malformed Data
I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1),
I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode
(I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> =
Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The
=item Unimplemented fallback schemes
Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
=item Messing with Perl's Internals
is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
=head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
=head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
=head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
=head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
=head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
=head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
=head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
=item Methods you should implement
-E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
-E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
=item Example: Encode::ROT13
=item Why the heck Encode API is different?
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
=head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
=head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
=item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
=head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
=head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
=head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
=head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
=head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
=head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
=head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
=item Supported Encodings
=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
=item Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
=item Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
=item Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
=item Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
=head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
=head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
=head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
=item Size, Endianness, and BOM
BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
Implementation Base Class
=item Methods you should implement
-E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check])
=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
-E<gt>name, -E<gt>new_sequence, -E<gt>perlio_ok(), -E<gt>needs_lines()
=item Example: Encode::ROT13
=item Why the heck Encode API is different?
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
=item Supported Encodings
=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
=item Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
=item Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
=item Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
=item Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
# Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
# you can use it as a decoder as well
encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
$e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
$e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
$e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
=item Example: base64 transcoder
=item Operator Overloading
=head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, no encoding;
=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
=item Non-ASCII Identifiers and Filter option
use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;
=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
=head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
# Encode::encode("ISO-8859-1", $data);
Encode::Encoder->new($data)->iso_8859_1; # OOP way
use Encode::Encoder qw(encoder);
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1;
encoder($data)->iso_8859_1->base64; # provided base64() is defined
# you can use it as a decoder as well
encoder($base64)->bytes('base64')->latin1;
print encoder($data)->utf8->latin1; # prints the string in latin1
encoder("\x{abcd}\x{ef}g")->utf8 == 6; # true. bytes::length($data)
$e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
$e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
$e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
=item Example: base64 transcoder
=item Operator Overloading
=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
=head2 Errno - System errno constants
=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
=item Selecting What To Export
C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
=item Specialised Import Lists
=item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
=item Module Version Checking
=item Managing Unknown Symbols
=item Tag Handling Utility Functions
=item Generating combined tags
=item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
=head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
=head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
memEQ_clause NAME, CHECKED_AT, INDENT
assign INDENT, TYPE, PRE, POST, VALUE..
switch_clause INDENT, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
C_constant, name, type, value, macro, default, pre, post, def_pre =item
XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
dynamic extensions at load time
=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
=item Win32 implementation
=head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform agnostic MM methods
=item Inherently Cross-Platform Methods
=item File::Spec wrappers B<DEPRECATED>
=item Thought To Be Cross-Platform Methods
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
canonpath, cflags, manifypods, perl_archive
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
B<replace_manpage_separator>
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
B<replace_manpage_separator>
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
=item Methods to actually produce chunks of text for the Makefile
replace_manpage_separator
test_via_harness (override)
test_via_script (override)
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=item Methods always loaded
maybe_command_in_dirs (override)
replace_manpage_separator
tool_autosplit (override)
xsubpp_version (override)
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
tool_autosplit (override)
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
=head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - create an extension Makefile
=item How To Write A Makefile.PL
=item Default Makefile Behaviour
=item PREFIX and LIB attribute
=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
=item Which architecture dependent directory?
=item Using Attributes and Parameters
ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DIR, DISTNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, EXCLUDE_EXT,
EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN, FULLPERLRUNINST,
FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB, INSTALLBIN,
INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB, INSTALLSCRIPT,
INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB, INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR,
INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH, INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB,
INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR, INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN,
INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR, INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB,
LIBPERL_A, LIBS, LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS,
MAP_TARGET, MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_VC, OBJECT,
OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW, PERM_RWX,
PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST, VERSION,
VERSION_FROM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
=item Additional lowercase attributes
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, realclean, test,
=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
=item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
=item Distribution Support
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
=item Disabling an extension
PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT
=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
=head2 File::Basename, fileparse - split a pathname into pieces
fileparse_set_fstype, fileparse
=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
=item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
=item EXPORTS (by request only)
=head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
=item The wanted function
C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
$dont_use_nlink, symlinks
=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
=head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
=item Methods always loaded
file_name_is_absolute (override)
=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
=item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
=item Temporary files and NFS
=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
=head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
=item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
=item All-in-one interface
=item Filtering only specific components of source code
C<"code">, C<"executable">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
=item Filtering only the code parts of source code
Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
component filter behaves slightly differently from the other partial
described in the previous section.
=item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
=item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
=head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
=item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
=item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
=item Example 1: A simple filter.
=item Example 2: Using the context
=item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
=item Example 4: Using filter_del
=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
=item Command Line Options, an Introduction
=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
=item A little bit less simple options
=item Mixing command line option with other arguments
=item Options with values
=item Options with multiple values
=item Options with hash values
=item User-defined subroutines to handle options
=item Options with multiple names
=item Case and abbreviations
=item Summary of Option Specifications
!, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
=item Advanced Possibilities
=item Object oriented interface
=item Documentation and help texts
=item Storing options in a hash
=item Configuring Getopt::Long
default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
(default: disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
=item Return values and Errors
=item Default destinations
=item Alternative option starters
=item Configuration variables
=item Warning: Ignoring '!' modifier for short option
=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
=item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
=item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt - Process single-character switches with switch
=head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
=head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
the function is_language_tag($lang1)
the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
the function super_languages($lang1)
the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
=item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
=head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
=item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {aa} :
Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} : Afro-Asiatic (Other)],
{aka} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian, {ale} : Aleut, [{alg} :
Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)], {am} : Amharic, {i-ami} :
Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic, {arc} : Aramaic, {arp} :
Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy} : Armenian, [{art} :
Artificial (Other)], {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages],
[{aus} : Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {ava} :
Avaric, {ae} : Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani,
{ban} : Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bam} :
Bambara, [{bai} : Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu
(Other)], {bas} : Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak
(Indonesia), {bej} : Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} :
Bengali, [{ber} : Berber (Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} :
Bikol, {bin} : Bini, {bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} :
Breton, {bug} : Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} :
Buriat, {my} : Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan,
[{cau} : Caucasian (Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)],
[{cai} : Central American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} :
Chamic languages], {ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy}
: Cheyenne, {chb} : Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} :
Chinook Jargon, {chp} : Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic,
{chk} : Chuukese, {cv} : Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} :
Corsican, {cre} : Cree, {mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and
pidgins (Other)], [{cpf} : French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)],
[{cpp} : Portuguese-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles
and pidgins (Other)], {hr} : Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} :
Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} : Danish, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default
(Fallthru) Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {div} : Divehi, {doi}
: Dogri, {dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} :
Dutch, {dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha,
{efi} : Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite,
{en} : English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
(ca.450-1100), {eo} : Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ewe} : Ewe, {ewo} :
Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat} : Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} :
Finnish, [{fiu} : Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm}
: Middle French (ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} :
Frisian, {fur} : Friulian, {ful} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic,
{gl} : Gallegan, {lug} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez,
{ka} : Georgian, {de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500),
{goh} : Old High German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} :
Gilbertese, {gon} : Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} :
Grebo, {grc} : Ancient Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} :
Gujarati, {gwi} : Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
{he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {ibo} : Igbo, {ijo} : Ijo,
{ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European (Other)],
{id} : Indonesian, {ia} : Interlingua (International Auxiliary Language
Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} : Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira}
: Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} : Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} :
Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} :
Japanese, {jw} : Javanese, {jrb} : Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian,
{kab} : Kabyle, {kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
Kannada, {kau} : Kanuri, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar} : Karen, {ks} :
Kashmiri, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh, {kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi}
: Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese, {ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu,
{rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz, {i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi,
{kon} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} : Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} :
Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama, {kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru}
: Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} : Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba,
{lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} : Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} :
Lezghian, {ln} : Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {loz} :
Lozi, {lub} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui} : Luiseno, {lun} :
Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai, {mk} : Macedonian,
{mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili, {mak} : Makasar, {mg} :
Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} : Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu,
{mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} : Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo
languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} : Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} :
Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai, [{myn} : Mayan languages], {men}
: Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} : Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} :
Miscellaneous languages], {moh} : Mohawk, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} :
Mon-Khmer (Other)], {lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul}
: Multiple languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {na} :
Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele, {ng} :
Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
{non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {se} : Northern Sami,
{no} : Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub}
: Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro,
{nzi} : Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oji} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya,
{om} : Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
(ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
: Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
{pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
[{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, [{smi} : Sami languages (Other)],
{sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} : Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} :
Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak, {sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup,
[{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian, {srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan,
{sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign Languages, {bla} : Siksika,
{sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} : Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} :
Siouan languages], {den} : Slave (Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)],
{sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian, {sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} :
Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} : Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern
Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} : South American Indian (Other)], {es}
: Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} : Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} :
Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati, {sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} :
Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} : Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} :
Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao, {tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te}
: Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} : Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig}
: Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} : Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit,
{tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau, {tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga
(Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian, {ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} :
Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish
(1500-1928), {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} : Twi,
{uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian, {umb} : Umbundu, {und} :
Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} : Vai, {ven} : Venda, {vi} :
Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak} : Wakashan languages],
{wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was} : Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof,
{x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut,
{yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik
languages], {znd} : Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} :
Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu, {zun} : Zuni
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 IO - load various IO modules
=head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
=head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
=head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
=head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
=head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
rewind (), close (), tie %hash, IO::Dir, DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] )
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, ERROR [, TIMEOUT ] )
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
=head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
=head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
=head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
=head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
=head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
general-utility list subroutines
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
=head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
general-utility scalar subroutines
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
=head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
=head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
=item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
=head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
identification (ISO 4217)
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2currency(), currency2code()
C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
=head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2language(), language2code()
C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
=head2 Locale::Maketext -- framework for localization
=item Construction Methods
=item The "maketext" Method
$lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
$language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
$plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
$language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
$language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
=item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
=item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
=item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
=item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
=item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
=item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
=item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
=item The Linguistic View
=item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
=item Buzzword: Isomorphism
=item Buzzword: Inheritance
=item Buzzword: Concision
=item The Devil in the Details
=item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
=head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
=head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
encode_base64($str, [$eol]), decode_base64($str)
Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data
=head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
of quoted-printable strings
encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
=head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
encode_qp($str), decode_qp($str);
=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
=item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
=item Accuracy vs. Precision
ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
=item Autocreating constants
=item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow
=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer math package
Canonical notation, Input, Output
=item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
=item is_positive()/is_negative()
$x->is_positive(); # true if >= 0
$x->is_negative(); # true if < 0
=item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
=item ACCURACY and PRECISION
'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
(significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
=item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
=item Autocreating constants
=item Alternative math libraries
=item Subclassing Math::BigInt
Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior 5.6.0
stringify, bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity
handling, Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object
=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
the same terms as Perl itself.
=head2 Math::BigRat - arbitrarily big rationals
=item bround()/round()/bfround()
=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
=item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
=item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
=item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
=item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
=head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
=item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
=item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
=head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
=head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
=head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT that allows method redispatch
=item Enforcing redispatch
=item Avoiding repetitions
=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
=head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
ungetline ( TEXT ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
=head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
=head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
=head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
site (ARGS), type (TYPE [, ARGS]), ascii ([ARGS]) binary([ARGS])
ebcdic([ARGS]) byte([ARGS]), rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR ),
mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), ls ( [ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get (
REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ), put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ]
), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [,
REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ), size ( FILE ), supported (
CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[ BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR
] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ), stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe (
FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (), pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [,
DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ),
pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ), abort (), quit ()
=item Methods for the adventurous
read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
B<ALLO>, B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/autoftp-2.0.tar.gz
=head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
[ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
=head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
new ( [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ] )
user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [,
PASS ]] ), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM
[, FH ] ), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [
MSGNUM ] ), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes]]]);, $p->ping($host [,
$timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );,
$p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->close();, pingecho($host [,
=head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
new Net::SMTP [ HOST, ] [ OPTIONS ]
banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth ( USERNAME,
PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ), send_or_mail (
ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient ( ADDRESS [,
ADDRESS [ ...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), cc (
ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), data ( [
DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [ $subject ] ),
=head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
=head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
=item Where to get this document
=item How to contribute to this document
=item Author and Copyright Information
=item Obtaining and installing libnet
=item Which version of perl do I need ?
=item What other modules do I need ?
=item What machines support libnet ?
=item Where can I get the latest libnet release
=item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
=item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
=item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
=item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
=item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
=item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
=item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
=item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
=item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
=item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
=item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
=item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
=item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
=item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
=item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
=item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
=item The verify method always returns true ?
=item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
=head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
=item Operator Names and Operator Lists
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
or optag, an operator set (opset)
opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
=item Manipulating Opsets
=item Predefined Opcode Tags
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
a new namespace, an operator mask
=item Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
fstat, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv, geteuid,
getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid, getppid,
getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha, isatty,
iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace, isupper,
isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime, log, log10,
longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr, memcmp, memcpy,
memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice, offsetof, open,
opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc, putchar, puts,
qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename, rewind,
rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid, setsid,
setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
values, c_oflag field values
=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
=head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
unix, stdio, perlio, crlf, utf8, bytes, raw, pop
=item Alternatives to raw
=item Defaults and how to override them
=head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
=head2 PerlIO::scalar - support module for in-memory IO.
=head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
$class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
$obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]), $obj->BINMODE([,$fh]),
$obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]), $obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]),
$obj->FILENO($fh), $obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh),
$obj->FILL($fh), $obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh),
$obj->TELL($fh), $obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh),
$obj->SETLINEBUF($fh), $obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh),
=item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
=head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
Verbatim paragraph in NAME section
ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
=item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
=item C<simplify_name( $str )>
=item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
=item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, htmldir, htmlroot, index,
infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot, quiet, recurse,
=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
=item B<Pod::InputSource>
=item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
=item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
=item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
=item Methods for headings
B<_replace_special_chars>
B<_replace_special_chars_late>
=head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
$link-E<gt>parse($string)
$link-E<gt>markup($string)
$link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
$cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
$cacheitem-E<gt>description()
$cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
=head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
B<-warnings> (default: unset)
=item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
=item B<interior_sequence()>
=item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
=item B<preprocess_line()>
=item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
=item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
=item B<parse_paragraph()>
=item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
=item B<parse_from_file()>
=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
=item B<_push_input_stream()>
=item B<_pop_input_stream()>
=head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
=head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
=item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
=item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
=item B<clear_selections()>
B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
=item B<_compile_section_spec()>
=item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
=item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
=head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
alt, code, indent, loose, quotes, sentence, width
Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
%s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
%s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-output>, C<-input>,
=head2 Pod::t::basic, basic.pod - Test of various basic POD features in
=item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
=item ``Level'' "2 I<heading>
=item This C<is> a "level 1" heading
=item ``Level'' 2 I<heading>
This is a test, a, b, a, b, c, d, "foo", B<bar>, C<baz>, Some longer item
E<amp>, E<apos>, E<lt>, E<gt>, E<quot>, E<sol>
=head2 Pod::t::htmlescp, Escape Sequences Test
=head2 Pod::t::htmlview, Test HTML Rendering
=item METHODS =E<gt> OTHER STUFF
foo, bar, baz, C<Black> Cat, Sat S<I<on> the>, MatE<lt>!E<gt>, 1 Cat, 2
=item TESTING FOR AND BEGIN
=item TESTING URLs hyperlinking
=head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
a new namespace, an operator mask
=item Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
=head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isweak EXPR, openhandle FH, reftype
EXPR, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
=head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
=head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
=head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
=item SelfLoader autoloading
=item Autoloading and package lexicals
=item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
=item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
=item Classes and inherited methods.
=item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
=head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
=item OBJECT ORIENTED SYNTAX
=head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
socket.h defines and structure manipulators
inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
=head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
=item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
=item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
C<Storable::is_retrieving>
=item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
=head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
=item Allowing fall-through
=item Automating fall-through
=item Higher-order Operations
=head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
=head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog - Perl
interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
=head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog, openlog, closelog, setlogmask, syslog -
Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
openlog $ident, $logopt, $facility, syslog $priority, $format, @args,
setlogmask $mask_priority, setlogsock $sock_type [$stream_location] (added
=head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages. If
no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
=item Minimal set of supported functions
C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, $C<OUT>,
C<MinLine>, C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
=item Additional supported functions
C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
=head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
B<no_header>, B<no_ending>
B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
=item Test Status and Info
B<details> I<UNIMPLEMENTED>, B<todo>
=head2 Test::Harness - run perl standard test scripts with statistics
=item The test script output
B<'1..M'>, B<'ok', 'not ok'. Ok?>, B<test numbers>, B<test names>,
B<Skipping tests>, B<Todo tests>, B<Bail out!>, B<Comments>, B<Anything
=item Configuration variables.
B<$Test::Harness::verbose>, B<$Test::Harness::switches>
B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
%s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
%d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
%s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>,
C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
=head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
=head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
=head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
=head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
=item I love it when a plan comes together
=item I'm ok, you're not ok.
B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
=item Comparison functions
=item Extending and Embedding Test::More
Making your own ok(), The eq_* family has some caveats, Test::Harness
=head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
=head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
=item Nuts and bolts of testing.
=item Sometimes the tests are wrong
=item Testing lots of values
=item Testing with taint mode.
=head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
=head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
=item General behaviour in list contexts
=item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
=item A note about prefixes
=item C<extract_delimited>
=item C<extract_bracketed>
C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
=item C<gen_extract_tagged>
=item C<extract_quotelike>
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
=item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
=item C<extract_codeblock>
=item C<extract_multiple>
=item C<gen_delimited_pat>
C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
"%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
/%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
=head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
=head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
=head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
=head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
$thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
=head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
=head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
=head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
=head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
=head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
=head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
=item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
=item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
=item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
=head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
=head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
=item C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
=head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
=head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
=head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
=head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
=head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), ualarm ( $useconds [,
$interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep ( $floating_seconds ),
alarm ( $floating_seconds [, $interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer,
=head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
=head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
=head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
=head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
=head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
$obj->isa( TYPE ), CLASS->isa( TYPE ), isa( VAL, TYPE ), $obj->can( METHOD
), CLASS->can( METHOD ), can( VAL, METHOD ), VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )
=head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
=item Constructor and Tailoring
alternate, backwards, entry, ignoreName, ignoreChar, level, normalization,
overrideCJK, overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefName,
undefChar, katakana_before_hiragana, upper_before_lower
=item Methods for Collation
C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
$Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
$b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
$Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
$Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>, C<$position =
$Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>, C<($position, $length) =
$Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring)>
UCA_Version, Base_Unicode_Version
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr10/allkeys.txt,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr18, L<Unicode::Normalize>
=head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
=item Normalization Forms
C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
=item Decomposition and Composition
C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
check($form_name, $string)>
C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
C<$is_non_startar_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
http://www.unicode.org/unicode/reports/tr15/,
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt
=head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
=item Blocks versus Scripts
=item Matching Scripts and Blocks
=item Code Point Arguments
=item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
=item Implementation Note
=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
=head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
=head2 Win32 - Interfaces to some Win32 API Functions
=item Alphabetical Listing of Win32 Functions
Win32::AbortSystemShutdown(MACHINE), Win32::BuildNumber(),
Win32::CopyFile(FROM, TO, OVERWRITE), Win32::DomainName(),
Win32::ExpandEnvironmentStrings(STRING), Win32::FormatMessage(ERRORCODE),
Win32::FsType(), Win32::FreeLibrary(HANDLE), Win32::GetArchName(),
Win32::GetChipName(), Win32::GetCwd(), Win32::GetFullPathName(FILENAME),
Win32::GetLastError(), Win32::GetLongPathName(PATHNAME),
Win32::GetNextAvailDrive(), Win32::GetOSVersion(), Win32::GetOSName(),
Win32::GetShortPathName(PATHNAME), Win32::GetProcAddress(INSTANCE,
PROCNAME), Win32::GetTickCount(), Win32::InitiateSystemShutdown,
Win32::IsWinNT(), Win32::IsWin95(), Win32::LoadLibrary(LIBNAME),
Win32::LoginName(), Win32::LookupAccountName(SYSTEM, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SID,
SIDTYPE), Win32::LookupAccountSID(SYSTEM, SID, ACCOUNT, DOMAIN, SIDTYPE),
Win32::MsgBox(MESSAGE [, FLAGS [, TITLE]]), Win32::NodeName(),
Win32::RegisterServer(LIBRARYNAME), Win32::SetChildShowWindow(SHOWWINDOW),
Win32::SetCwd(NEWDIRECTORY), Win32::SetLastError(ERROR),
Win32::Sleep(TIME), Win32::Spawn(COMMAND, ARGS, PID),
Win32::UnregisterServer(LIBRARYNAME)
=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
=head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
don't all have manual pages yet:
Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles