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.\" ========================================================================
.IX Title "Time::Local 3"
.TH Time::Local 3 "2002-06-01" "perl v5.8.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
Time::Local \- efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
\& $time = timelocal($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year);
\& $time = timegm($sec,$min,$hour,$mday,$mon,$year);
These routines are the inverse of built-in perl functions \fIlocaltime()\fR
and \fIgmtime()\fR. They accept a date as a six-element array, and return
the corresponding \fItime\fR\|(2) value in seconds since the Epoch (Midnight,
January 1, 1970). This value can be positive or negative.
It is worth drawing particular attention to the expected ranges for
the values provided. The value for the day of the month is the actual day
(ie 1..31), while the month is the number of months since January (0..11).
This is consistent with the values returned from \fIlocaltime()\fR and \fIgmtime()\fR.
The \fItimelocal()\fR and \fItimegm()\fR functions perform range checking on the
input \f(CW$sec\fR, \f(CW$min\fR, \f(CW$hour\fR, \f(CW$mday\fR, and \f(CW$mon\fR values by default. If you'd
rather they didn't, you can explicitly import the \fItimelocal_nocheck()\fR
and \fItimegm_nocheck()\fR functions.
\& use Time::Local 'timelocal_nocheck';
\& # The 365th day of 1999
\& print scalar localtime timelocal_nocheck 0,0,0,365,0,99;
\& # The twenty thousandth day since 1970
\& print scalar localtime timelocal_nocheck 0,0,0,20000,0,70;
\& # And even the 10,000,000th second since 1999!
\& print scalar localtime timelocal_nocheck 10000000,0,0,1,0,99;
Your mileage may vary when trying these with minutes and hours,
and it doesn't work at all for months.
Strictly speaking, the year should also be specified in a form consistent
with \fIlocaltime()\fR, i.e. the offset from 1900.
In order to make the interpretation of the year easier for humans,
however, who are more accustomed to seeing years as two-digit or four-digit
values, the following conventions are followed:
Years greater than 999 are interpreted as being the actual year,
rather than the offset from 1900. Thus, 1963 would indicate the year
Martin Luther King won the Nobel prize, not the year 2863.
Years in the range 100..999 are interpreted as offset from 1900,
so that 112 indicates 2012. This rule also applies to years less than zero
(but see note below regarding date range).
Years in the range 0..99 are interpreted as shorthand for years in the
rolling \*(L"current century,\*(R" defined as 50 years on either side of the current
year. Thus, today, in 1999, 0 would refer to 2000, and 45 to 2045,
but 55 would refer to 1955. Twenty years from now, 55 would instead refer
to 2055. This is messy, but matches the way people currently think about
two digit dates. Whenever possible, use an absolute four digit year instead.
The scheme above allows interpretation of a wide range of dates, particularly
if 4\-digit years are used.
Please note, however, that the range of dates that can be actually be handled
depends on the size of an integer (time_t) on a given platform.
Currently, this is 32 bits for most systems, yielding an approximate range
from Dec 1901 to Jan 2038.
Both \fItimelocal()\fR and \fItimegm()\fR croak if given dates outside the supported
.IX Header "IMPLEMENTATION"
These routines are quite efficient and yet are always guaranteed to agree
with \fIlocaltime()\fR and \fIgmtime()\fR. We manage this by caching the start times
of any months we've seen before. If we know the start time of the month,
we can always calculate any time within the month. The start times
are calculated using a mathematical formula. Unlike other algorithms
that do multiple calls to \fIgmtime()\fR.
\&\fItimelocal()\fR is implemented using the same cache. We just assume that we're
translating a \s-1GMT\s0 time, and then fudge it when we're done for the timezone
and daylight savings arguments. Note that the timezone is evaluated for
each date because countries occasionally change their official timezones.
Assuming that \fIlocaltime()\fR corrects for these changes, this routine will
The whole scheme for interpreting two-digit years can be considered a bug.
The proclivity to \fIcroak()\fR is probably a bug.
projects / OpenSPARC-T2-DV / blob