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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00131100000000000000000">
11.11 <tt class="module">nntplib</tt> --
         NNTP protocol client</A>
</H1>

<P>
<A NAME="module-nntplib"></A>

<P>
<a id='l2h-3453' xml:id='l2h-3453'></a><a id='l2h-3461' xml:id='l2h-3461'></a>

<P>
This module defines the class <tt class="class">NNTP</tt> which implements the client
side of the NNTP protocol.  It can be used to implement a news reader
or poster, or automated news processors.  For more information on NNTP
(Network News Transfer Protocol), see Internet <a class="rfc" id='rfcref-90274' xml:id='rfcref-90274'
href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html">RFC 977</a>.

<P>
Here are two small examples of how it can be used.  To list some
statistics about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10
articles:

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
&gt;&gt;&gt; resp, count, first, last, name = s.group('comp.lang.python')
&gt;&gt;&gt; print 'Group', name, 'has', count, 'articles, range', first, 'to', last
Group comp.lang.python has 59 articles, range 3742 to 3803
&gt;&gt;&gt; resp, subs = s.xhdr('subject', first + '-' + last)
&gt;&gt;&gt; for id, sub in subs[-10:]: print id, sub
... 
3792 Re: Removing elements from a list while iterating...
3793 Re: Who likes Info files?
3794 Emacs and doc strings
3795 a few questions about the Mac implementation
3796 Re: executable python scripts
3797 Re: executable python scripts
3798 Re: a few questions about the Mac implementation 
3799 Re: PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules
3802 Re: executable python scripts 
3803 Re: \POSIX{} wait and SIGCHLD
&gt;&gt;&gt; s.quit()
'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection.  Goodbye.'
</pre></div>

<P>
To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has
valid headers):

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
&gt;&gt;&gt; s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
&gt;&gt;&gt; f = open('/tmp/article')
&gt;&gt;&gt; s.post(f)
'240 Article posted successfully.'
&gt;&gt;&gt; s.quit()
'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection.  Goodbye.'
</pre></div>

<P>
The module itself defines the following items:

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3454' xml:id='l2h-3454' class="class">NNTP</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>host</var><big>[</big><var>, port
                        </var><big>[</big><var>, user</var><big>[</big><var>, password
			</var><big>[</big><var>, readermode</var><big>]</big><var>
			</var><big>[</big><var>, usenetrc</var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Return a new instance of the <tt class="class">NNTP</tt> class, representing a
connection to the NNTP server running on host <var>host</var>, listening at
port <var>port</var>.  The default <var>port</var> is 119.  If the optional
<var>user</var> and <var>password</var> are provided, 
or if suitable credentials are present in <span class="file">&nbsp;/.netrc</span> and the
optional flag <var>usenetrc</var> is true (the default),
the "<tt class="samp">AUTHINFO USER</tt>" and "<tt class="samp">AUTHINFO PASS</tt>" commands are used to
identify and authenticate the user to the server.  If the optional
flag <var>readermode</var> is true, then a "<tt class="samp">mode reader</tt>" command is
sent before authentication is performed.  Reader mode is sometimes
necessary if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine
and intend to call reader-specific commands, such as "<tt class="samp">group</tt>".  If
you get unexpected <code>NNTPPermanentError</code>s, you might need to set
<var>readermode</var>.  <var>readermode</var> defaults to <code>None</code>.
<var>usenetrc</var> defaults to <code>True</code>.

<P>

<span class="versionnote">Changed in version 2.4:
<var>usenetrc</var> argument added.</span>

</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3455' xml:id='l2h-3455' class="class">NNTPError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Derived from the standard exception <code>Exception</code>, this is the base
class for all exceptions raised by the <code>nntplib</code> module.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3456' xml:id='l2h-3456' class="class">NNTPReplyError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the
server.  For backwards compatibility, the exception <code>error_reply</code>
is equivalent to this class.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3457' xml:id='l2h-3457' class="class">NNTPTemporaryError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Exception raised when an error code in the range 400-499 is
received.  For backwards compatibility, the exception
<code>error_temp</code> is equivalent to this class.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3458' xml:id='l2h-3458' class="class">NNTPPermanentError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Exception raised when an error code in the range 500-599 is
received.  For backwards compatibility, the exception
<code>error_perm</code> is equivalent to this class.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3459' xml:id='l2h-3459' class="class">NNTPProtocolError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does
not begin with a digit in the range 1-5.  For backwards
compatibility, the exception <code>error_proto</code> is equivalent to this
class.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span>&nbsp;<tt id='l2h-3460' xml:id='l2h-3460' class="class">NNTPDataError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Exception raised when there is some error in the response data.  For
backwards compatibility, the exception <code>error_data</code> is
equivalent to this class.
</dl>

<P>

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	54
	55	<H1><A NAME="SECTION00131100000000000000000">
	56	11.11 <tt class="module">nntplib</tt> --
	57	NNTP protocol client</A>
	58	</H1>
	59
	60	<P>
	61	<A NAME="module-nntplib"></A>
	62
	63	<P>
	64	<a id='l2h-3453' xml:id='l2h-3453'></a><a id='l2h-3461' xml:id='l2h-3461'></a>
65
66	<P>
67	This module defines the class <tt class="class">NNTP</tt> which implements the client
68	side of the NNTP protocol. It can be used to implement a news reader
69	or poster, or automated news processors. For more information on NNTP
70	(Network News Transfer Protocol), see Internet <a class="rfc" id='rfcref-90274' xml:id='rfcref-90274'
71	href="http://www.faqs.org/rfcs/rfc977.html">RFC 977</a>.
72
73	<P>
74	Here are two small examples of how it can be used. To list some
75	statistics about a newsgroup and print the subjects of the last 10
76	articles:
77
78	<P>
79	<div class="verbatim"><pre>
80	>>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
81	>>> resp, count, first, last, name = s.group('comp.lang.python')
82	>>> print 'Group', name, 'has', count, 'articles, range', first, 'to', last
83	Group comp.lang.python has 59 articles, range 3742 to 3803
84	>>> resp, subs = s.xhdr('subject', first + '-' + last)
85	>>> for id, sub in subs[-10:]: print id, sub
86	...
87	3792 Re: Removing elements from a list while iterating...
88	3793 Re: Who likes Info files?
89	3794 Emacs and doc strings
90	3795 a few questions about the Mac implementation
91	3796 Re: executable python scripts
92	3797 Re: executable python scripts
93	3798 Re: a few questions about the Mac implementation
94	3799 Re: PROPOSAL: A Generic Python Object Interface for Python C Modules
95	3802 Re: executable python scripts
96	3803 Re: \POSIX{} wait and SIGCHLD
97	>>> s.quit()
98	'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
99	</pre></div>
100
101	<P>
102	To post an article from a file (this assumes that the article has
103	valid headers):
104
105	<P>
106	<div class="verbatim"><pre>
107	>>> s = NNTP('news.cwi.nl')
108	>>> f = open('/tmp/article')
109	>>> s.post(f)
110	'240 Article posted successfully.'
111	>>> s.quit()
112	'205 news.cwi.nl closing connection. Goodbye.'
113	</pre></div>
114
115	<P>
116	The module itself defines the following items:
117
118	<P>
119	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
120	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3454' xml:id='l2h-3454' class="class">NNTP</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
121	<td><var>host</var><big>[</big><var>, port
122	</var><big>[</big><var>, user</var><big>[</big><var>, password
123	</var><big>[</big><var>, readermode</var><big>]</big><var>
124	</var><big>[</big><var>, usenetrc</var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
125	<dd>
126	Return a new instance of the <tt class="class">NNTP</tt> class, representing a
127	connection to the NNTP server running on host <var>host</var>, listening at
128	port <var>port</var>. The default <var>port</var> is 119. If the optional
129	<var>user</var> and <var>password</var> are provided,
130	or if suitable credentials are present in <span class="file"> /.netrc</span> and the
131	optional flag <var>usenetrc</var> is true (the default),
132	the "<tt class="samp">AUTHINFO USER</tt>" and "<tt class="samp">AUTHINFO PASS</tt>" commands are used to
133	identify and authenticate the user to the server. If the optional
134	flag <var>readermode</var> is true, then a "<tt class="samp">mode reader</tt>" command is
135	sent before authentication is performed. Reader mode is sometimes
136	necessary if you are connecting to an NNTP server on the local machine
137	and intend to call reader-specific commands, such as "<tt class="samp">group</tt>". If
138	you get unexpected <code>NNTPPermanentError</code>s, you might need to set
139	<var>readermode</var>. <var>readermode</var> defaults to <code>None</code>.
140	<var>usenetrc</var> defaults to <code>True</code>.
141
142	<P>
143
144	<span class="versionnote">Changed in version 2.4:
145	<var>usenetrc</var> argument added.</span>
146
147	</dl>
148
149	<P>
150	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
151	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3455' xml:id='l2h-3455' class="class">NNTPError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
152	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
153	<dd>
154	Derived from the standard exception <code>Exception</code>, this is the base
155	class for all exceptions raised by the <code>nntplib</code> module.
156	</dl>
157
158	<P>
159	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
160	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3456' xml:id='l2h-3456' class="class">NNTPReplyError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
161	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
162	<dd>
163	Exception raised when an unexpected reply is received from the
164	server. For backwards compatibility, the exception <code>error_reply</code>
165	is equivalent to this class.
166	</dl>
167
168	<P>
169	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
170	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3457' xml:id='l2h-3457' class="class">NNTPTemporaryError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
171	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
172	<dd>
173	Exception raised when an error code in the range 400-499 is
174	received. For backwards compatibility, the exception
175	<code>error_temp</code> is equivalent to this class.
176	</dl>
177
178	<P>
179	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
180	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3458' xml:id='l2h-3458' class="class">NNTPPermanentError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
181	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
182	<dd>
183	Exception raised when an error code in the range 500-599 is
184	received. For backwards compatibility, the exception
185	<code>error_perm</code> is equivalent to this class.
186	</dl>
187
188	<P>
189	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
190	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3459' xml:id='l2h-3459' class="class">NNTPProtocolError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
191	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
192	<dd>
193	Exception raised when a reply is received from the server that does
194	not begin with a digit in the range 1-5. For backwards
195	compatibility, the exception <code>error_proto</code> is equivalent to this
196	class.
197	</dl>
198
199	<P>
200	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
201	<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-3460' xml:id='l2h-3460' class="class">NNTPDataError</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
202	<td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
203	<dd>
204	Exception raised when there is some error in the response data. For
205	backwards compatibility, the exception <code>error_data</code> is
206	equivalent to this class.
207	</dl>
208
209	<P>
210
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256	<span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span>
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