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<H2><A NAME="SECTION006250000000000000000"></A><A NAME="match-objects"></A>
<BR>
4.2.5 Match Objects 
</H2>

<P>
<tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> instances support the following methods and
attributes:

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-901' xml:id='l2h-901' class="method">expand</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>template</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
 Return the string obtained by doing backslash substitution on the
template string <var>template</var>, as done by the <tt class="method">sub()</tt> method.
Escapes such as "<tt class="samp">&#92;n</tt>" are converted to the appropriate
characters, and numeric backreferences ("<tt class="samp">&#92;1</tt>", "<tt class="samp">&#92;2</tt>") and
named backreferences ("<tt class="samp">&#92;g&lt;1&gt;</tt>", "<tt class="samp">&#92;g&lt;name&gt;</tt>") are replaced
by the contents of the corresponding group.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-902' xml:id='l2h-902' class="method">group</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group1, ...</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Returns one or more subgroups of the match.  If there is a single
argument, the result is a single string; if there are
multiple arguments, the result is a tuple with one item per argument.
Without arguments, <var>group1</var> defaults to zero (the whole match
is returned).
If a <var>groupN</var> argument is zero, the corresponding return value is the
entire matching string; if it is in the inclusive range [1..99], it is
the string matching the corresponding parenthesized group.  If a
group number is negative or larger than the number of groups defined
in the pattern, an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception is raised.
If a group is contained in a part of the pattern that did not match,
the corresponding result is <code>None</code>.  If a group is contained in a
part of the pattern that matched multiple times, the last match is
returned.

<P>
If the regular expression uses the <tt class="regexp">(?P&lt;<var>name</var>&gt;...)</tt> syntax,
the <var>groupN</var> arguments may also be strings identifying groups by
their group name.  If a string argument is not used as a group name in
the pattern, an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception is raised.

<P>
A moderately complicated example:

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
m = re.match(r"(?P&lt;int&gt;\d+)\.(\d*)", '3.14')
</pre></div>

<P>
After performing this match, <code>m.group(1)</code> is <code>'3'</code>, as is
<code>m.group('int')</code>, and <code>m.group(2)</code> is <code>'14'</code>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-903' xml:id='l2h-903' class="method">groups</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1 up to
however many groups are in the pattern.  The <var>default</var> argument is
used for groups that did not participate in the match; it defaults to
<code>None</code>.  (Incompatibility note: in the original Python 1.5
release, if the tuple was one element long, a string would be returned
instead.  In later versions (from 1.5.1 on), a singleton tuple is
returned in such cases.)
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-904' xml:id='l2h-904' class="method">groupdict</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Return a dictionary containing all the <em>named</em> subgroups of the
match, keyed by the subgroup name.  The <var>default</var> argument is
used for groups that did not participate in the match; it defaults to
<code>None</code>.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-905' xml:id='l2h-905' class="method">start</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
<dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-906' xml:id='l2h-906' class="method">end</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>Return the indices of the start and end of the substring
matched by <var>group</var>; <var>group</var> defaults to zero (meaning the whole
matched substring).
Return <code>-1</code> if <var>group</var> exists but
did not contribute to the match.  For a match object
<var>m</var>, and a group <var>g</var> that did contribute to the match, the
substring matched by group <var>g</var> (equivalent to
<code><var>m</var>.group(<var>g</var>)</code>) is

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
m.string[m.start(g):m.end(g)]
</pre></div>

<P>
Note that
<code>m.start(<var>group</var>)</code> will equal <code>m.end(<var>group</var>)</code> if
<var>group</var> matched a null string.  For example, after <code><var>m</var> =
re.search('b(c?)', 'cba')</code>, <code><var>m</var>.start(0)</code> is 1,
<code><var>m</var>.end(0)</code> is 2, <code><var>m</var>.start(1)</code> and
<code><var>m</var>.end(1)</code> are both 2, and <code><var>m</var>.start(2)</code> raises
an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-907' xml:id='l2h-907' class="method">span</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
For <tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> <var>m</var>, return the 2-tuple
<code>(<var>m</var>.start(<var>group</var>), <var>m</var>.end(<var>group</var>))</code>.
Note that if <var>group</var> did not contribute to the match, this is
<code>(-1, -1)</code>.  Again, <var>group</var> defaults to zero.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-908' xml:id='l2h-908' class="member">pos</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The value of <var>pos</var> which was passed to the <tt class="function">search()</tt> or
<tt class="function">match()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">RegexObject</tt>.  This is the
index into the string at which the RE engine started looking for a
match.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-909' xml:id='l2h-909' class="member">endpos</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The value of <var>endpos</var> which was passed to the <tt class="function">search()</tt>
or <tt class="function">match()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">RegexObject</tt>.  This is the
index into the string beyond which the RE engine will not go.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-910' xml:id='l2h-910' class="member">lastindex</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The integer index of the last matched capturing group, or <code>None</code>
if no group was matched at all. For example, the expressions
<tt class="regexp">(a)b</tt>, <tt class="regexp">((a)(b))</tt>, and <tt class="regexp">((ab))</tt> will have
<code>lastindex == 1</code> if applied to the string <code>'ab'</code>,
while the expression <tt class="regexp">(a)(b)</tt> will have <code>lastindex == 2</code>,
if applied to the same string.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-911' xml:id='l2h-911' class="member">lastgroup</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The name of the last matched capturing group, or <code>None</code> if the
group didn't have a name, or if no group was matched at all.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-912' xml:id='l2h-912' class="member">re</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The regular expression object whose <tt class="method">match()</tt> or
<tt class="method">search()</tt> method produced this <tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> instance.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-913' xml:id='l2h-913' class="member">string</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The string passed to <tt class="function">match()</tt> or <tt class="function">search()</tt>.
</dl>

<P>

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	55	<H2><A NAME="SECTION006250000000000000000"></A><A NAME="match-objects"></A>
	56	<BR>
	57	4.2.5 Match Objects
	58	</H2>
	59
	60	<P>
	61	<tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> instances support the following methods and
	62	attributes:
	63
	64	<P>
65	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
66	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-901' xml:id='l2h-901' class="method">expand</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
67	<td><var>template</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
68	<dd>
69	Return the string obtained by doing backslash substitution on the
70	template string <var>template</var>, as done by the <tt class="method">sub()</tt> method.
71	Escapes such as "<tt class="samp">\n</tt>" are converted to the appropriate
72	characters, and numeric backreferences ("<tt class="samp">\1</tt>", "<tt class="samp">\2</tt>") and
73	named backreferences ("<tt class="samp">\g<1></tt>", "<tt class="samp">\g<name></tt>") are replaced
74	by the contents of the corresponding group.
75	</dl>
76
77	<P>
78	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
79	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-902' xml:id='l2h-902' class="method">group</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
80	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group1, ...</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
81	<dd>
82	Returns one or more subgroups of the match. If there is a single
83	argument, the result is a single string; if there are
84	multiple arguments, the result is a tuple with one item per argument.
85	Without arguments, <var>group1</var> defaults to zero (the whole match
86	is returned).
87	If a <var>groupN</var> argument is zero, the corresponding return value is the
88	entire matching string; if it is in the inclusive range [1..99], it is
89	the string matching the corresponding parenthesized group. If a
90	group number is negative or larger than the number of groups defined
91	in the pattern, an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception is raised.
92	If a group is contained in a part of the pattern that did not match,
93	the corresponding result is <code>None</code>. If a group is contained in a
94	part of the pattern that matched multiple times, the last match is
95	returned.
96
97	<P>
98	If the regular expression uses the <tt class="regexp">(?P<<var>name</var>>...)</tt> syntax,
99	the <var>groupN</var> arguments may also be strings identifying groups by
100	their group name. If a string argument is not used as a group name in
101	the pattern, an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception is raised.
102
103	<P>
104	A moderately complicated example:
105
106	<P>
107	<div class="verbatim"><pre>
108	m = re.match(r"(?P<int>\d+)\.(\d*)", '3.14')
109	</pre></div>
110
111	<P>
112	After performing this match, <code>m.group(1)</code> is <code>'3'</code>, as is
113	<code>m.group('int')</code>, and <code>m.group(2)</code> is <code>'14'</code>.
114	</dl>
115
116	<P>
117	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
118	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-903' xml:id='l2h-903' class="method">groups</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
119	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
120	<dd>
121	Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1 up to
122	however many groups are in the pattern. The <var>default</var> argument is
123	used for groups that did not participate in the match; it defaults to
124	<code>None</code>. (Incompatibility note: in the original Python 1.5
125	release, if the tuple was one element long, a string would be returned
126	instead. In later versions (from 1.5.1 on), a singleton tuple is
127	returned in such cases.)
128	</dl>
129
130	<P>
131	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
132	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-904' xml:id='l2h-904' class="method">groupdict</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
133	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>default</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
134	<dd>
135	Return a dictionary containing all the <em>named</em> subgroups of the
136	match, keyed by the subgroup name. The <var>default</var> argument is
137	used for groups that did not participate in the match; it defaults to
138	<code>None</code>.
139	</dl>
140
141	<P>
142	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
143	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-905' xml:id='l2h-905' class="method">start</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
144	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
145	<dd>
146	<dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
147	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-906' xml:id='l2h-906' class="method">end</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
148	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
149	<dd>Return the indices of the start and end of the substring
150	matched by <var>group</var>; <var>group</var> defaults to zero (meaning the whole
151	matched substring).
152	Return <code>-1</code> if <var>group</var> exists but
153	did not contribute to the match. For a match object
154	<var>m</var>, and a group <var>g</var> that did contribute to the match, the
155	substring matched by group <var>g</var> (equivalent to
156	<code><var>m</var>.group(<var>g</var>)</code>) is
157
158	<P>
159	<div class="verbatim"><pre>
160	m.string[m.start(g):m.end(g)]
161	</pre></div>
162
163	<P>
164	Note that
165	<code>m.start(<var>group</var>)</code> will equal <code>m.end(<var>group</var>)</code> if
166	<var>group</var> matched a null string. For example, after <code><var>m</var> =
167	re.search('b(c?)', 'cba')</code>, <code><var>m</var>.start(0)</code> is 1,
168	<code><var>m</var>.end(0)</code> is 2, <code><var>m</var>.start(1)</code> and
169	<code><var>m</var>.end(1)</code> are both 2, and <code><var>m</var>.start(2)</code> raises
170	an <tt class="exception">IndexError</tt> exception.
171	</dl>
172
173	<P>
174	<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
175	<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-907' xml:id='l2h-907' class="method">span</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
176	<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>group</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
177	<dd>
178	For <tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> <var>m</var>, return the 2-tuple
179	<code>(<var>m</var>.start(<var>group</var>), <var>m</var>.end(<var>group</var>))</code>.
180	Note that if <var>group</var> did not contribute to the match, this is
181	<code>(-1, -1)</code>. Again, <var>group</var> defaults to zero.
182	</dl>
183
184	<P>
185	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-908' xml:id='l2h-908' class="member">pos</tt></b></dt>
186	<dd>
187	The value of <var>pos</var> which was passed to the <tt class="function">search()</tt> or
188	<tt class="function">match()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">RegexObject</tt>. This is the
189	index into the string at which the RE engine started looking for a
190	match.
191	</dl>
192
193	<P>
194	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-909' xml:id='l2h-909' class="member">endpos</tt></b></dt>
195	<dd>
196	The value of <var>endpos</var> which was passed to the <tt class="function">search()</tt>
197	or <tt class="function">match()</tt> method of the <tt class="class">RegexObject</tt>. This is the
198	index into the string beyond which the RE engine will not go.
199	</dl>
200
201	<P>
202	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-910' xml:id='l2h-910' class="member">lastindex</tt></b></dt>
203	<dd>
204	The integer index of the last matched capturing group, or <code>None</code>
205	if no group was matched at all. For example, the expressions
206	<tt class="regexp">(a)b</tt>, <tt class="regexp">((a)(b))</tt>, and <tt class="regexp">((ab))</tt> will have
207	<code>lastindex == 1</code> if applied to the string <code>'ab'</code>,
208	while the expression <tt class="regexp">(a)(b)</tt> will have <code>lastindex == 2</code>,
209	if applied to the same string.
210	</dl>
211
212	<P>
213	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-911' xml:id='l2h-911' class="member">lastgroup</tt></b></dt>
214	<dd>
215	The name of the last matched capturing group, or <code>None</code> if the
216	group didn't have a name, or if no group was matched at all.
217	</dl>
218
219	<P>
220	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-912' xml:id='l2h-912' class="member">re</tt></b></dt>
221	<dd>
222	The regular expression object whose <tt class="method">match()</tt> or
223	<tt class="method">search()</tt> method produced this <tt class="class">MatchObject</tt> instance.
224	</dl>
225
226	<P>
227	<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-913' xml:id='l2h-913' class="member">string</tt></b></dt>
228	<dd>
229	The string passed to <tt class="function">match()</tt> or <tt class="function">search()</tt>.
230	</dl>
231
232	<P>
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