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| 55 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION0053200000000000000000"> | |
| 56 | 3.32 <tt class="module">__builtin__</tt> -- | |
| 57 | Built-in objects</A> | |
| 58 | </H1> | |
| 59 | ||
| 60 | <P> | |
| 61 | <A NAME="module-builtin"></A> | |
| 62 | ||
| 63 | <P> | |
| 64 | This module provides direct access to all `built-in' identifiers of | |
| 65 | Python; for example, <code>__builtin__.open</code> is the full name for the | |
| 66 | built-in function <tt class="function">open()</tt>. See chapter <A href="builtin.html#builtin">2</A>, | |
| 67 | ``Built-in Objects.'' | |
| 68 | ||
| 69 | <P> | |
| 70 | This module is not normally accessed explicitly by most applications, | |
| 71 | but can be useful in modules that provide objects with the same name | |
| 72 | as a built-in value, but in which the built-in of that name is also | |
| 73 | needed. For example, in a module that wants to implement an | |
| 74 | <tt class="function">open()</tt> function that wraps the built-in <tt class="function">open()</tt>, | |
| 75 | this module can be used directly: | |
| 76 | ||
| 77 | <P> | |
| 78 | <div class="verbatim"><pre> | |
| 79 | import __builtin__ | |
| 80 | ||
| 81 | def open(path): | |
| 82 | f = __builtin__.open(path, 'r') | |
| 83 | return UpperCaser(f) | |
| 84 | ||
| 85 | class UpperCaser: | |
| 86 | '''Wrapper around a file that converts output to upper-case.''' | |
| 87 | ||
| 88 | def __init__(self, f): | |
| 89 | self._f = f | |
| 90 | ||
| 91 | def read(self, count=-1): | |
| 92 | return self._f.read(count).upper() | |
| 93 | ||
| 94 | # ... | |
| 95 | </pre></div> | |
| 96 | ||
| 97 | <P> | |
| 98 | As an implementation detail, most modules have the name | |
| 99 | <code>__builtins__</code> (note the "<tt class="character">s</tt>") made available as part of | |
| 100 | their globals. The value of <code>__builtins__</code> is normally either | |
| 101 | this module or the value of this modules's <tt class="member">__dict__</tt> | |
| 102 | attribute. Since this is an implementation detail, it may not be used | |
| 103 | by alternate implementations of Python. | |
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