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129 | .\" ======================================================================== | |
130 | .\" | |
131 | .IX Title "PERLMODLIB 1" | |
132 | .TH PERLMODLIB 1 "2006-01-07" "perl v5.8.8" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" | |
133 | .SH "NAME" | |
134 | perlmodlib \- constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones | |
135 | .SH "THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY" | |
136 | .IX Header "THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY" | |
137 | Many modules are included in the Perl distribution. These are described | |
138 | below, and all end in \fI.pm\fR. You may discover compiled library | |
139 | files (usually ending in \fI.so\fR) or small pieces of modules to be | |
140 | autoloaded (ending in \fI.al\fR); these were automatically generated | |
141 | by the installation process. You may also discover files in the | |
142 | library directory that end in either \fI.pl\fR or \fI.ph\fR. These are | |
143 | old libraries supplied so that old programs that use them still | |
144 | run. The \fI.pl\fR files will all eventually be converted into standard | |
145 | modules, and the \fI.ph\fR files made by \fBh2ph\fR will probably end up | |
146 | as extension modules made by \fBh2xs\fR. (Some \fI.ph\fR values may | |
147 | already be available through the \s-1POSIX\s0, Errno, or Fcntl modules.) | |
148 | The \fBpl2pm\fR file in the distribution may help in your conversion, | |
149 | but it's just a mechanical process and therefore far from bulletproof. | |
150 | .Sh "Pragmatic Modules" | |
151 | .IX Subsection "Pragmatic Modules" | |
152 | They work somewhat like compiler directives (pragmata) in that they | |
153 | tend to affect the compilation of your program, and thus will usually | |
154 | work well only when used within a \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR, or \f(CW\*(C`no\*(C'\fR. Most of these | |
155 | are lexically scoped, so an inner \s-1BLOCK\s0 may countermand them | |
156 | by saying: | |
157 | .PP | |
158 | .Vb 3 | |
159 | \& no integer; | |
160 | \& no strict 'refs'; | |
161 | \& no warnings; | |
162 | .Ve | |
163 | .PP | |
164 | which lasts until the end of that \s-1BLOCK\s0. | |
165 | .PP | |
166 | Some pragmas are lexically scoped\*(--typically those that affect the | |
167 | \&\f(CW$^H\fR hints variable. Others affect the current package instead, | |
168 | like \f(CW\*(C`use vars\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`use subs\*(C'\fR, which allow you to predeclare a | |
169 | variables or subroutines within a particular \fIfile\fR rather than | |
170 | just a block. Such declarations are effective for the entire file | |
171 | for which they were declared. You cannot rescind them with \f(CW\*(C`no | |
172 | vars\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`no subs\*(C'\fR. | |
173 | .PP | |
174 | The following pragmas are defined (and have their own documentation). | |
175 | .IP "attributes" 12 | |
176 | .IX Item "attributes" | |
177 | Get/set subroutine or variable attributes | |
178 | .IP "attrs" 12 | |
179 | .IX Item "attrs" | |
180 | Set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated) | |
181 | .IP "autouse" 12 | |
182 | .IX Item "autouse" | |
183 | Postpone load of modules until a function is used | |
184 | .IP "base" 12 | |
185 | .IX Item "base" | |
186 | Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time | |
187 | .IP "bigint" 12 | |
188 | .IX Item "bigint" | |
189 | Transparent BigInteger support for Perl | |
190 | .IP "bignum" 12 | |
191 | .IX Item "bignum" | |
192 | Transparent BigNumber support for Perl | |
193 | .IP "bigrat" 12 | |
194 | .IX Item "bigrat" | |
195 | Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl | |
196 | .IP "blib" 12 | |
197 | .IX Item "blib" | |
198 | Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package | |
199 | .IP "bytes" 12 | |
200 | .IX Item "bytes" | |
201 | Force byte semantics rather than character semantics | |
202 | .IP "charnames" 12 | |
203 | .IX Item "charnames" | |
204 | Define character names for \f(CW\*(C`\eN{named}\*(C'\fR string literal escapes | |
205 | .IP "constant" 12 | |
206 | .IX Item "constant" | |
207 | Declare constants | |
208 | .IP "diagnostics" 12 | |
209 | .IX Item "diagnostics" | |
210 | Produce verbose warning diagnostics | |
211 | .IP "encoding" 12 | |
212 | .IX Item "encoding" | |
213 | Allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non\-utf8 | |
214 | .IP "fields" 12 | |
215 | .IX Item "fields" | |
216 | Compile-time class fields | |
217 | .IP "filetest" 12 | |
218 | .IX Item "filetest" | |
219 | Control the filetest permission operators | |
220 | .IP "if" 12 | |
221 | .IX Item "if" | |
222 | \&\f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fR a Perl module if a condition holds | |
223 | .IP "integer" 12 | |
224 | .IX Item "integer" | |
225 | Use integer arithmetic instead of floating point | |
226 | .IP "less" 12 | |
227 | .IX Item "less" | |
228 | Request less of something from the compiler | |
229 | .IP "lib" 12 | |
230 | .IX Item "lib" | |
231 | Manipulate \f(CW@INC\fR at compile time | |
232 | .IP "locale" 12 | |
233 | .IX Item "locale" | |
234 | Use and avoid \s-1POSIX\s0 locales for built-in operations | |
235 | .IP "open" 12 | |
236 | .IX Item "open" | |
237 | Set default PerlIO layers for input and output | |
238 | .IP "ops" 12 | |
239 | .IX Item "ops" | |
240 | Restrict unsafe operations when compiling | |
241 | .IP "overload" 12 | |
242 | .IX Item "overload" | |
243 | Package for overloading Perl operations | |
244 | .IP "re" 12 | |
245 | .IX Item "re" | |
246 | Alter regular expression behaviour | |
247 | .IP "sigtrap" 12 | |
248 | .IX Item "sigtrap" | |
249 | Enable simple signal handling | |
250 | .IP "sort" 12 | |
251 | .IX Item "sort" | |
252 | Control \fIsort()\fR behaviour | |
253 | .IP "strict" 12 | |
254 | .IX Item "strict" | |
255 | Restrict unsafe constructs | |
256 | .IP "subs" 12 | |
257 | .IX Item "subs" | |
258 | Predeclare sub names | |
259 | .IP "threads" 12 | |
260 | .IX Item "threads" | |
261 | Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads from perl | |
262 | .IP "threads::shared" 12 | |
263 | .IX Item "threads::shared" | |
264 | Perl extension for sharing data structures between threads | |
265 | .IP "utf8" 12 | |
266 | .IX Item "utf8" | |
267 | Enable/disable \s-1UTF\-8\s0 (or \s-1UTF\-EBCDIC\s0) in source code | |
268 | .IP "vars" 12 | |
269 | .IX Item "vars" | |
270 | Predeclare global variable names (obsolete) | |
271 | .IP "vmsish" 12 | |
272 | .IX Item "vmsish" | |
273 | Control VMS-specific language features | |
274 | .IP "warnings" 12 | |
275 | .IX Item "warnings" | |
276 | Control optional warnings | |
277 | .IP "warnings::register" 12 | |
278 | .IX Item "warnings::register" | |
279 | Warnings import function | |
280 | .Sh "Standard Modules" | |
281 | .IX Subsection "Standard Modules" | |
282 | Standard, bundled modules are all expected to behave in a well-defined | |
283 | manner with respect to namespace pollution because they use the | |
284 | Exporter module. See their own documentation for details. | |
285 | .PP | |
286 | It's possible that not all modules listed below are installed on your | |
287 | system. For example, the GDBM_File module will not be installed if you | |
288 | don't have the gdbm library. | |
289 | .IP "AnyDBM_File" 12 | |
290 | .IX Item "AnyDBM_File" | |
291 | Provide framework for multiple DBMs | |
292 | .IP "Attribute::Handlers" 12 | |
293 | .IX Item "Attribute::Handlers" | |
294 | Simpler definition of attribute handlers | |
295 | .IP "AutoLoader" 12 | |
296 | .IX Item "AutoLoader" | |
297 | Load subroutines only on demand | |
298 | .IP "AutoSplit" 12 | |
299 | .IX Item "AutoSplit" | |
300 | Split a package for autoloading | |
301 | .IP "B" 12 | |
302 | .IX Item "B" | |
303 | The Perl Compiler | |
304 | .IP "B::Asmdata" 12 | |
305 | .IX Item "B::Asmdata" | |
306 | Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate bytecode | |
307 | .IP "B::Assembler" 12 | |
308 | .IX Item "B::Assembler" | |
309 | Assemble Perl bytecode | |
310 | .IP "B::Bblock" 12 | |
311 | .IX Item "B::Bblock" | |
312 | Walk basic blocks | |
313 | .IP "B::Bytecode" 12 | |
314 | .IX Item "B::Bytecode" | |
315 | Perl compiler's bytecode backend | |
316 | .IP "B::C" 12 | |
317 | .IX Item "B::C" | |
318 | Perl compiler's C backend | |
319 | .IP "B::CC" 12 | |
320 | .IX Item "B::CC" | |
321 | Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend | |
322 | .IP "B::Concise" 12 | |
323 | .IX Item "B::Concise" | |
324 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops | |
325 | .IP "B::Debug" 12 | |
326 | .IX Item "B::Debug" | |
327 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops | |
328 | .IP "B::Deparse" 12 | |
329 | .IX Item "B::Deparse" | |
330 | Perl compiler backend to produce perl code | |
331 | .IP "B::Disassembler" 12 | |
332 | .IX Item "B::Disassembler" | |
333 | Disassemble Perl bytecode | |
334 | .IP "B::Lint" 12 | |
335 | .IX Item "B::Lint" | |
336 | Perl lint | |
337 | .IP "B::Showlex" 12 | |
338 | .IX Item "B::Showlex" | |
339 | Show lexical variables used in functions or files | |
340 | .IP "B::Stackobj" 12 | |
341 | .IX Item "B::Stackobj" | |
342 | Helper module for \s-1CC\s0 backend | |
343 | .IP "B::Stash" 12 | |
344 | .IX Item "B::Stash" | |
345 | Show what stashes are loaded | |
346 | .IP "B::Terse" 12 | |
347 | .IX Item "B::Terse" | |
348 | Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops | |
349 | .IP "B::Xref" 12 | |
350 | .IX Item "B::Xref" | |
351 | Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs | |
352 | .IP "Benchmark" 12 | |
353 | .IX Item "Benchmark" | |
354 | Benchmark running times of Perl code | |
355 | .IP "ByteLoader" 12 | |
356 | .IX Item "ByteLoader" | |
357 | Load byte compiled perl code | |
358 | .IP "\s-1CGI\s0" 12 | |
359 | .IX Item "CGI" | |
360 | Simple Common Gateway Interface Class | |
361 | .IP "CGI::Apache" 12 | |
362 | .IX Item "CGI::Apache" | |
363 | Backward compatibility module for \s-1CGI\s0.pm | |
364 | .IP "CGI::Carp" 12 | |
365 | .IX Item "CGI::Carp" | |
366 | \&\s-1CGI\s0 routines for writing to the \s-1HTTPD\s0 (or other) error log | |
367 | .IP "CGI::Cookie" 12 | |
368 | .IX Item "CGI::Cookie" | |
369 | Interface to Netscape Cookies | |
370 | .IP "CGI::Fast" 12 | |
371 | .IX Item "CGI::Fast" | |
372 | \&\s-1CGI\s0 Interface for Fast \s-1CGI\s0 | |
373 | .IP "CGI::Pretty" 12 | |
374 | .IX Item "CGI::Pretty" | |
375 | Module to produce nicely formatted \s-1HTML\s0 code | |
376 | .IP "CGI::Push" 12 | |
377 | .IX Item "CGI::Push" | |
378 | Simple Interface to Server Push | |
379 | .IP "CGI::Switch" 12 | |
380 | .IX Item "CGI::Switch" | |
381 | Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch | |
382 | .IP "CGI::Util" 12 | |
383 | .IX Item "CGI::Util" | |
384 | Internal utilities used by \s-1CGI\s0 module | |
385 | .IP "\s-1CPAN\s0" 12 | |
386 | .IX Item "CPAN" | |
387 | Query, download and build perl modules from \s-1CPAN\s0 sites | |
388 | .IP "CPAN::FirstTime" 12 | |
389 | .IX Item "CPAN::FirstTime" | |
390 | Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization | |
391 | .IP "CPAN::Nox" 12 | |
392 | .IX Item "CPAN::Nox" | |
393 | Wrapper around \s-1CPAN\s0.pm without using any \s-1XS\s0 module | |
394 | .IP "CPAN::Version" 12 | |
395 | .IX Item "CPAN::Version" | |
396 | Utility functions to compare \s-1CPAN\s0 versions | |
397 | .IP "Carp" 12 | |
398 | .IX Item "Carp" | |
399 | Warn of errors (from perspective of caller) | |
400 | .IP "Carp::Heavy" 12 | |
401 | .IX Item "Carp::Heavy" | |
402 | Heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside | |
403 | .IP "Class::ISA" 12 | |
404 | .IX Item "Class::ISA" | |
405 | Report the search path for a class's \s-1ISA\s0 tree | |
406 | .IP "Class::Struct" 12 | |
407 | .IX Item "Class::Struct" | |
408 | Declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes | |
409 | .IP "Config" 12 | |
410 | .IX Item "Config" | |
411 | Access Perl configuration information | |
412 | .IP "Cwd" 12 | |
413 | .IX Item "Cwd" | |
414 | Get pathname of current working directory | |
415 | .IP "\s-1DB\s0" 12 | |
416 | .IX Item "DB" | |
417 | Programmatic interface to the Perl debugging \s-1API\s0 (draft, subject to | |
418 | .IP "DBM_Filter" 12 | |
419 | .IX Item "DBM_Filter" | |
420 | Filter \s-1DBM\s0 keys/values | |
421 | .IP "DB_File" 12 | |
422 | .IX Item "DB_File" | |
423 | Perl5 access to Berkeley \s-1DB\s0 version 1.x | |
424 | .IP "Data::Dumper" 12 | |
425 | .IX Item "Data::Dumper" | |
426 | Stringified perl data structures, suitable for both printing and \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fR | |
427 | .IP "Devel::DProf" 12 | |
428 | .IX Item "Devel::DProf" | |
429 | A Perl code profiler | |
430 | .IP "Devel::PPPort" 12 | |
431 | .IX Item "Devel::PPPort" | |
432 | Perl/Pollution/Portability | |
433 | .IP "Devel::Peek" 12 | |
434 | .IX Item "Devel::Peek" | |
435 | A data debugging tool for the \s-1XS\s0 programmer | |
436 | .IP "Devel::SelfStubber" 12 | |
437 | .IX Item "Devel::SelfStubber" | |
438 | Generate stubs for a SelfLoading module | |
439 | .IP "Digest" 12 | |
440 | .IX Item "Digest" | |
441 | Modules that calculate message digests | |
442 | .IP "Digest::MD5" 12 | |
443 | .IX Item "Digest::MD5" | |
444 | Perl interface to the \s-1MD5\s0 Algorithm | |
445 | .IP "Digest::base" 12 | |
446 | .IX Item "Digest::base" | |
447 | Digest base class | |
448 | .IP "Digest::file" 12 | |
449 | .IX Item "Digest::file" | |
450 | Calculate digests of files | |
451 | .IP "DirHandle" 12 | |
452 | .IX Item "DirHandle" | |
453 | Supply object methods for directory handles | |
454 | .IP "Dumpvalue" 12 | |
455 | .IX Item "Dumpvalue" | |
456 | Provides screen dump of Perl data. | |
457 | .IP "DynaLoader" 12 | |
458 | .IX Item "DynaLoader" | |
459 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code | |
460 | .IP "Encode" 12 | |
461 | .IX Item "Encode" | |
462 | Character encodings | |
463 | .IP "Encode::Alias" 12 | |
464 | .IX Item "Encode::Alias" | |
465 | Alias definitions to encodings | |
466 | .IP "Encode::Byte" 12 | |
467 | .IX Item "Encode::Byte" | |
468 | Single Byte Encodings | |
469 | .IP "Encode::CJKConstants" 12 | |
470 | .IX Item "Encode::CJKConstants" | |
471 | Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_* | |
472 | .IP "Encode::CN" 12 | |
473 | .IX Item "Encode::CN" | |
474 | China-based Chinese Encodings | |
475 | .IP "Encode::CN::HZ" 12 | |
476 | .IX Item "Encode::CN::HZ" | |
477 | Internally used by Encode::CN | |
478 | .IP "Encode::Config" 12 | |
479 | .IX Item "Encode::Config" | |
480 | Internally used by Encode | |
481 | .IP "Encode::EBCDIC" 12 | |
482 | .IX Item "Encode::EBCDIC" | |
483 | \&\s-1EBCDIC\s0 Encodings | |
484 | .IP "Encode::Encoder" 12 | |
485 | .IX Item "Encode::Encoder" | |
486 | Object Oriented Encoder | |
487 | .IP "Encode::Encoding" 12 | |
488 | .IX Item "Encode::Encoding" | |
489 | Encode Implementation Base Class | |
490 | .IP "Encode::Guess" 12 | |
491 | .IX Item "Encode::Guess" | |
492 | Guesses encoding from data | |
493 | .IP "Encode::JP" 12 | |
494 | .IX Item "Encode::JP" | |
495 | Japanese Encodings | |
496 | .IP "Encode::JP::H2Z" 12 | |
497 | .IX Item "Encode::JP::H2Z" | |
498 | Internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP* | |
499 | .IP "Encode::JP::JIS7" 12 | |
500 | .IX Item "Encode::JP::JIS7" | |
501 | Internally used by Encode::JP | |
502 | .IP "Encode::KR" 12 | |
503 | .IX Item "Encode::KR" | |
504 | Korean Encodings | |
505 | .IP "Encode::KR::2022_KR" 12 | |
506 | .IX Item "Encode::KR::2022_KR" | |
507 | Internally used by Encode::KR | |
508 | .IP "Encode::MIME::Header" 12 | |
509 | .IX Item "Encode::MIME::Header" | |
510 | \&\s-1MIME\s0 'B' and 'Q' header encoding | |
511 | .IP "Encode::PerlIO" 12 | |
512 | .IX Item "Encode::PerlIO" | |
513 | A detailed document on Encode and PerlIO | |
514 | .IP "Encode::Supported" 12 | |
515 | .IX Item "Encode::Supported" | |
516 | Encodings supported by Encode | |
517 | .IP "Encode::Symbol" 12 | |
518 | .IX Item "Encode::Symbol" | |
519 | Symbol Encodings | |
520 | .IP "Encode::TW" 12 | |
521 | .IX Item "Encode::TW" | |
522 | Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings | |
523 | .IP "Encode::Unicode" 12 | |
524 | .IX Item "Encode::Unicode" | |
525 | Various Unicode Transformation Formats | |
526 | .IP "Encode::Unicode::UTF7" 12 | |
527 | .IX Item "Encode::Unicode::UTF7" | |
528 | \&\s-1UTF\-7\s0 encoding | |
529 | .IP "English" 12 | |
530 | .IX Item "English" | |
531 | Use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation variables | |
532 | .IP "Env" 12 | |
533 | .IX Item "Env" | |
534 | Perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or arrays | |
535 | .IP "Errno" 12 | |
536 | .IX Item "Errno" | |
537 | System errno constants | |
538 | .IP "Exporter" 12 | |
539 | .IX Item "Exporter" | |
540 | Implements default import method for modules | |
541 | .IP "Exporter::Heavy" 12 | |
542 | .IX Item "Exporter::Heavy" | |
543 | Exporter guts | |
544 | .IP "ExtUtils::Command" 12 | |
545 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Command" | |
546 | Utilities to replace common \s-1UNIX\s0 commands in Makefiles etc. | |
547 | .IP "ExtUtils::Command::MM" 12 | |
548 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Command::MM" | |
549 | Commands for the \s-1MM\s0's to use in Makefiles | |
550 | .IP "ExtUtils::Constant" 12 | |
551 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Constant" | |
552 | Generate \s-1XS\s0 code to import C header constants | |
553 | .IP "ExtUtils::Constant::Base" 12 | |
554 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Constant::Base" | |
555 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects | |
556 | .IP "ExtUtils::Constant::Utils" 12 | |
557 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Constant::Utils" | |
558 | Helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant | |
559 | .IP "ExtUtils::Constant::XS" 12 | |
560 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Constant::XS" | |
561 | Base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects | |
562 | .IP "ExtUtils::Embed" 12 | |
563 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Embed" | |
564 | Utilities for embedding Perl in C/\*(C+ applications | |
565 | .IP "ExtUtils::Install" 12 | |
566 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Install" | |
567 | Install files from here to there | |
568 | .IP "ExtUtils::Installed" 12 | |
569 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Installed" | |
570 | Inventory management of installed modules | |
571 | .IP "ExtUtils::Liblist" 12 | |
572 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Liblist" | |
573 | Determine libraries to use and how to use them | |
574 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM" 12 | |
575 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM" | |
576 | \&\s-1OS\s0 adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass | |
577 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_AIX" 12 | |
578 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_AIX" | |
579 | \&\s-1AIX\s0 specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
580 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_Any" 12 | |
581 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_Any" | |
582 | Platform-agnostic \s-1MM\s0 methods | |
583 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_BeOS" 12 | |
584 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_BeOS" | |
585 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
586 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin" 12 | |
587 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin" | |
588 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
589 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_DOS" 12 | |
590 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_DOS" | |
591 | \&\s-1DOS\s0 specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
592 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_MacOS" 12 | |
593 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_MacOS" | |
594 | Once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic | |
595 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_NW5" 12 | |
596 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_NW5" | |
597 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
598 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_OS2" 12 | |
599 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_OS2" | |
600 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
601 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_QNX" 12 | |
602 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_QNX" | |
603 | \&\s-1QNX\s0 specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
604 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_UWIN" 12 | |
605 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_UWIN" | |
606 | U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
607 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_Unix" 12 | |
608 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_Unix" | |
609 | Methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
610 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_VMS" 12 | |
611 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_VMS" | |
612 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
613 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_VOS" 12 | |
614 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_VOS" | |
615 | \&\s-1VOS\s0 specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix | |
616 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_Win32" 12 | |
617 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_Win32" | |
618 | Methods to override UN*X behaviour in ExtUtils::MakeMaker | |
619 | .IP "ExtUtils::MM_Win95" 12 | |
620 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MM_Win95" | |
621 | Method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X | |
622 | .IP "ExtUtils::MY" 12 | |
623 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MY" | |
624 | ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization | |
625 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" 12 | |
626 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker" | |
627 | Create a module Makefile | |
628 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config" 12 | |
629 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config" | |
630 | Wrapper around Config.pm | |
631 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ" 12 | |
632 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ" | |
633 | Frequently Asked Questions About MakeMaker | |
634 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial" 12 | |
635 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial" | |
636 | Writing a module with MakeMaker | |
637 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes" 12 | |
638 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes" | |
639 | Version-agnostic bytes.pm | |
640 | .IP "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish" 12 | |
641 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish" | |
642 | Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm | |
643 | .IP "ExtUtils::Manifest" 12 | |
644 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Manifest" | |
645 | Utilities to write and check a \s-1MANIFEST\s0 file | |
646 | .IP "ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap" 12 | |
647 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap" | |
648 | Make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader | |
649 | .IP "ExtUtils::Mksymlists" 12 | |
650 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Mksymlists" | |
651 | Write linker options files for dynamic extension | |
652 | .IP "ExtUtils::Packlist" 12 | |
653 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::Packlist" | |
654 | Manage .packlist files | |
655 | .IP "ExtUtils::testlib" 12 | |
656 | .IX Item "ExtUtils::testlib" | |
657 | Add blib/* directories to \f(CW@INC\fR | |
658 | .IP "Fatal" 12 | |
659 | .IX Item "Fatal" | |
660 | Replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die | |
661 | .IP "Fcntl" 12 | |
662 | .IX Item "Fcntl" | |
663 | Load the C Fcntl.h defines | |
664 | .IP "File::Basename" 12 | |
665 | .IX Item "File::Basename" | |
666 | Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix. | |
667 | .IP "File::CheckTree" 12 | |
668 | .IX Item "File::CheckTree" | |
669 | Run many filetest checks on a tree | |
670 | .IP "File::Compare" 12 | |
671 | .IX Item "File::Compare" | |
672 | Compare files or filehandles | |
673 | .IP "File::Copy" 12 | |
674 | .IX Item "File::Copy" | |
675 | Copy files or filehandles | |
676 | .IP "File::DosGlob" 12 | |
677 | .IX Item "File::DosGlob" | |
678 | \&\s-1DOS\s0 like globbing and then some | |
679 | .IP "File::Find" 12 | |
680 | .IX Item "File::Find" | |
681 | Traverse a directory tree. | |
682 | .IP "File::Glob" 12 | |
683 | .IX Item "File::Glob" | |
684 | Perl extension for \s-1BSD\s0 glob routine | |
685 | .IP "File::Path" 12 | |
686 | .IX Item "File::Path" | |
687 | Create or remove directory trees | |
688 | .IP "File::Spec" 12 | |
689 | .IX Item "File::Spec" | |
690 | Portably perform operations on file names | |
691 | .IP "File::Spec::Cygwin" 12 | |
692 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Cygwin" | |
693 | Methods for Cygwin file specs | |
694 | .IP "File::Spec::Epoc" 12 | |
695 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Epoc" | |
696 | Methods for Epoc file specs | |
697 | .IP "File::Spec::Functions" 12 | |
698 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Functions" | |
699 | Portably perform operations on file names | |
700 | .IP "File::Spec::Mac" 12 | |
701 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Mac" | |
702 | File::Spec for Mac \s-1OS\s0 (Classic) | |
703 | .IP "File::Spec::OS2" 12 | |
704 | .IX Item "File::Spec::OS2" | |
705 | Methods for \s-1OS/2\s0 file specs | |
706 | .IP "File::Spec::Unix" 12 | |
707 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Unix" | |
708 | File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec modules | |
709 | .IP "File::Spec::VMS" 12 | |
710 | .IX Item "File::Spec::VMS" | |
711 | Methods for \s-1VMS\s0 file specs | |
712 | .IP "File::Spec::Win32" 12 | |
713 | .IX Item "File::Spec::Win32" | |
714 | Methods for Win32 file specs | |
715 | .IP "File::Temp" 12 | |
716 | .IX Item "File::Temp" | |
717 | Return name and handle of a temporary file safely | |
718 | .IP "File::stat" 12 | |
719 | .IX Item "File::stat" | |
720 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in \fIstat()\fR functions | |
721 | .IP "FileCache" 12 | |
722 | .IX Item "FileCache" | |
723 | Keep more files open than the system permits | |
724 | .IP "FileHandle" 12 | |
725 | .IX Item "FileHandle" | |
726 | Supply object methods for filehandles | |
727 | .IP "Filter::Simple" 12 | |
728 | .IX Item "Filter::Simple" | |
729 | Simplified source filtering | |
730 | .IP "Filter::Util::Call" 12 | |
731 | .IX Item "Filter::Util::Call" | |
732 | Perl Source Filter Utility Module | |
733 | .IP "FindBin" 12 | |
734 | .IX Item "FindBin" | |
735 | Locate directory of original perl script | |
736 | .IP "GDBM_File" 12 | |
737 | .IX Item "GDBM_File" | |
738 | Perl5 access to the gdbm library. | |
739 | .IP "Getopt::Long" 12 | |
740 | .IX Item "Getopt::Long" | |
741 | Extended processing of command line options | |
742 | .IP "Getopt::Std" 12 | |
743 | .IX Item "Getopt::Std" | |
744 | Process single-character switches with switch clustering | |
745 | .IP "Hash::Util" 12 | |
746 | .IX Item "Hash::Util" | |
747 | A selection of general-utility hash subroutines | |
748 | .IP "I18N::Collate" 12 | |
749 | .IX Item "I18N::Collate" | |
750 | Compare 8\-bit scalar data according to the current locale | |
751 | .IP "I18N::LangTags" 12 | |
752 | .IX Item "I18N::LangTags" | |
753 | Functions for dealing with RFC3066\-style language tags | |
754 | .IP "I18N::LangTags::Detect" 12 | |
755 | .IX Item "I18N::LangTags::Detect" | |
756 | Detect the user's language preferences | |
757 | .IP "I18N::LangTags::List" 12 | |
758 | .IX Item "I18N::LangTags::List" | |
759 | Tags and names for human languages | |
760 | .IP "I18N::Langinfo" 12 | |
761 | .IX Item "I18N::Langinfo" | |
762 | Query locale information | |
763 | .IP "\s-1IO\s0" 12 | |
764 | .IX Item "IO" | |
765 | Load various \s-1IO\s0 modules | |
766 | .IP "IO::Dir" 12 | |
767 | .IX Item "IO::Dir" | |
768 | Supply object methods for directory handles | |
769 | .IP "IO::File" 12 | |
770 | .IX Item "IO::File" | |
771 | Supply object methods for filehandles | |
772 | .IP "IO::Handle" 12 | |
773 | .IX Item "IO::Handle" | |
774 | Supply object methods for I/O handles | |
775 | .IP "IO::Pipe" 12 | |
776 | .IX Item "IO::Pipe" | |
777 | Supply object methods for pipes | |
778 | .IP "IO::Poll" 12 | |
779 | .IX Item "IO::Poll" | |
780 | Object interface to system poll call | |
781 | .IP "IO::Seekable" 12 | |
782 | .IX Item "IO::Seekable" | |
783 | Supply seek based methods for I/O objects | |
784 | .IP "IO::Select" 12 | |
785 | .IX Item "IO::Select" | |
786 | \&\s-1OO\s0 interface to the select system call | |
787 | .IP "IO::Socket" 12 | |
788 | .IX Item "IO::Socket" | |
789 | Object interface to socket communications | |
790 | .IP "IO::Socket::INET" 12 | |
791 | .IX Item "IO::Socket::INET" | |
792 | Object interface for \s-1AF_INET\s0 domain sockets | |
793 | .IP "IO::Socket::UNIX" 12 | |
794 | .IX Item "IO::Socket::UNIX" | |
795 | Object interface for \s-1AF_UNIX\s0 domain sockets | |
796 | .IP "IPC::Open2" 12 | |
797 | .IX Item "IPC::Open2" | |
798 | Open a process for both reading and writing | |
799 | .IP "IPC::Open3" 12 | |
800 | .IX Item "IPC::Open3" | |
801 | Open a process for reading, writing, and error handling | |
802 | .IP "IPC::SysV" 12 | |
803 | .IX Item "IPC::SysV" | |
804 | SysV \s-1IPC\s0 constants | |
805 | .IP "IPC::SysV::Msg" 12 | |
806 | .IX Item "IPC::SysV::Msg" | |
807 | SysV Msg \s-1IPC\s0 object class | |
808 | .IP "IPC::SysV::Semaphore" 12 | |
809 | .IX Item "IPC::SysV::Semaphore" | |
810 | SysV Semaphore \s-1IPC\s0 object class | |
811 | .IP "List::Util" 12 | |
812 | .IX Item "List::Util" | |
813 | A selection of general-utility list subroutines | |
814 | .IP "Locale::Constants" 12 | |
815 | .IX Item "Locale::Constants" | |
816 | Constants for Locale codes | |
817 | .IP "Locale::Country" 12 | |
818 | .IX Item "Locale::Country" | |
819 | \&\s-1ISO\s0 codes for country identification (\s-1ISO\s0 3166) | |
820 | .IP "Locale::Currency" 12 | |
821 | .IX Item "Locale::Currency" | |
822 | \&\s-1ISO\s0 three letter codes for currency identification (\s-1ISO\s0 4217) | |
823 | .IP "Locale::Language" 12 | |
824 | .IX Item "Locale::Language" | |
825 | \&\s-1ISO\s0 two letter codes for language identification (\s-1ISO\s0 639) | |
826 | .IP "Locale::Maketext" 12 | |
827 | .IX Item "Locale::Maketext" | |
828 | Framework for localization | |
829 | .IP "Locale::Maketext::TPJ13" 12 | |
830 | .IX Item "Locale::Maketext::TPJ13" | |
831 | Article about software localization | |
832 | .IP "Locale::Script" 12 | |
833 | .IX Item "Locale::Script" | |
834 | \&\s-1ISO\s0 codes for script identification (\s-1ISO\s0 15924) | |
835 | .IP "MIME::Base64" 12 | |
836 | .IX Item "MIME::Base64" | |
837 | Encoding and decoding of base64 strings | |
838 | .IP "MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint" 12 | |
839 | .IX Item "MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint" | |
840 | Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable strings | |
841 | .IP "Math::BigFloat" 12 | |
842 | .IX Item "Math::BigFloat" | |
843 | Arbitrary size floating point math package | |
844 | .IP "Math::BigInt" 12 | |
845 | .IX Item "Math::BigInt" | |
846 | Arbitrary size integer/float math package | |
847 | .IP "Math::BigInt::Calc" 12 | |
848 | .IX Item "Math::BigInt::Calc" | |
849 | Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt | |
850 | .IP "Math::BigInt::CalcEmu" 12 | |
851 | .IX Item "Math::BigInt::CalcEmu" | |
852 | Emulate low-level math with BigInt code | |
853 | .IP "Math::BigRat" 12 | |
854 | .IX Item "Math::BigRat" | |
855 | Arbitrary big rational numbers | |
856 | .IP "Math::Complex" 12 | |
857 | .IX Item "Math::Complex" | |
858 | Complex numbers and associated mathematical functions | |
859 | .IP "Math::Trig" 12 | |
860 | .IX Item "Math::Trig" | |
861 | Trigonometric functions | |
862 | .IP "Memoize" 12 | |
863 | .IX Item "Memoize" | |
864 | Make functions faster by trading space for time | |
865 | .IP "Memoize::AnyDBM_File" 12 | |
866 | .IX Item "Memoize::AnyDBM_File" | |
867 | Glue to provide \s-1EXISTS\s0 for AnyDBM_File for Storable use | |
868 | .IP "Memoize::Expire" 12 | |
869 | .IX Item "Memoize::Expire" | |
870 | Plug-in module for automatic expiration of memoized values | |
871 | .IP "Memoize::ExpireFile" 12 | |
872 | .IX Item "Memoize::ExpireFile" | |
873 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics | |
874 | .IP "Memoize::ExpireTest" 12 | |
875 | .IX Item "Memoize::ExpireTest" | |
876 | Test for Memoize expiration semantics | |
877 | .IP "Memoize::NDBM_File" 12 | |
878 | .IX Item "Memoize::NDBM_File" | |
879 | Glue to provide \s-1EXISTS\s0 for NDBM_File for Storable use | |
880 | .IP "Memoize::SDBM_File" 12 | |
881 | .IX Item "Memoize::SDBM_File" | |
882 | Glue to provide \s-1EXISTS\s0 for SDBM_File for Storable use | |
883 | .IP "Memoize::Storable" 12 | |
884 | .IX Item "Memoize::Storable" | |
885 | Store Memoized data in Storable database | |
886 | .IP "NDBM_File" 12 | |
887 | .IX Item "NDBM_File" | |
888 | Tied access to ndbm files | |
889 | .IP "\s-1NEXT\s0" 12 | |
890 | .IX Item "NEXT" | |
891 | Provide a pseudo-class \s-1NEXT\s0 (et al) that allows method redispatch | |
892 | .IP "Net::Cmd" 12 | |
893 | .IX Item "Net::Cmd" | |
894 | Network Command class (as used by \s-1FTP\s0, \s-1SMTP\s0 etc) | |
895 | .IP "Net::Config" 12 | |
896 | .IX Item "Net::Config" | |
897 | Local configuration data for libnet | |
898 | .IP "Net::Domain" 12 | |
899 | .IX Item "Net::Domain" | |
900 | Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name and domain | |
901 | .IP "Net::FTP" 12 | |
902 | .IX Item "Net::FTP" | |
903 | \&\s-1FTP\s0 Client class | |
904 | .IP "Net::NNTP" 12 | |
905 | .IX Item "Net::NNTP" | |
906 | \&\s-1NNTP\s0 Client class | |
907 | .IP "Net::Netrc" 12 | |
908 | .IX Item "Net::Netrc" | |
909 | \&\s-1OO\s0 interface to users netrc file | |
910 | .IP "Net::POP3" 12 | |
911 | .IX Item "Net::POP3" | |
912 | Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (\s-1RFC1939\s0) | |
913 | .IP "Net::Ping" 12 | |
914 | .IX Item "Net::Ping" | |
915 | Check a remote host for reachability | |
916 | .IP "Net::SMTP" 12 | |
917 | .IX Item "Net::SMTP" | |
918 | Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client | |
919 | .IP "Net::Time" 12 | |
920 | .IX Item "Net::Time" | |
921 | Time and daytime network client interface | |
922 | .IP "Net::hostent" 12 | |
923 | .IX Item "Net::hostent" | |
924 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*() functions | |
925 | .IP "Net::libnetFAQ" 12 | |
926 | .IX Item "Net::libnetFAQ" | |
927 | Libnet Frequently Asked Questions | |
928 | .IP "Net::netent" 12 | |
929 | .IX Item "Net::netent" | |
930 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*() functions | |
931 | .IP "Net::protoent" 12 | |
932 | .IX Item "Net::protoent" | |
933 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*() functions | |
934 | .IP "Net::servent" 12 | |
935 | .IX Item "Net::servent" | |
936 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*() functions | |
937 | .IP "O" 12 | |
938 | .IX Item "O" | |
939 | Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends | |
940 | .IP "ODBM_File" 12 | |
941 | .IX Item "ODBM_File" | |
942 | Tied access to odbm files | |
943 | .IP "Opcode" 12 | |
944 | .IX Item "Opcode" | |
945 | Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code | |
946 | .IP "\s-1POSIX\s0" 12 | |
947 | .IX Item "POSIX" | |
948 | Perl interface to \s-1IEEE\s0 Std 1003.1 | |
949 | .IP "PerlIO" 12 | |
950 | .IX Item "PerlIO" | |
951 | On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::* name space | |
952 | .IP "PerlIO::encoding" 12 | |
953 | .IX Item "PerlIO::encoding" | |
954 | Encoding layer | |
955 | .IP "PerlIO::scalar" 12 | |
956 | .IX Item "PerlIO::scalar" | |
957 | In-memory \s-1IO\s0, scalar \s-1IO\s0 | |
958 | .IP "PerlIO::via" 12 | |
959 | .IX Item "PerlIO::via" | |
960 | Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl | |
961 | .IP "PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint" 12 | |
962 | .IX Item "PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint" | |
963 | PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings | |
964 | .IP "Pod::Checker" 12 | |
965 | .IX Item "Pod::Checker" | |
966 | Check pod documents for syntax errors | |
967 | .IP "Pod::Find" 12 | |
968 | .IX Item "Pod::Find" | |
969 | Find \s-1POD\s0 documents in directory trees | |
970 | .IP "Pod::Functions" 12 | |
971 | .IX Item "Pod::Functions" | |
972 | Group Perl's functions a la perlfunc.pod | |
973 | .IP "Pod::Html" 12 | |
974 | .IX Item "Pod::Html" | |
975 | Module to convert pod files to \s-1HTML\s0 | |
976 | .IP "Pod::InputObjects" 12 | |
977 | .IX Item "Pod::InputObjects" | |
978 | Objects representing \s-1POD\s0 input paragraphs, commands, etc. | |
979 | .IP "Pod::LaTeX" 12 | |
980 | .IX Item "Pod::LaTeX" | |
981 | Convert Pod data to formatted Latex | |
982 | .IP "Pod::Man" 12 | |
983 | .IX Item "Pod::Man" | |
984 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to formatted *roff input | |
985 | .IP "Pod::ParseLink" 12 | |
986 | .IX Item "Pod::ParseLink" | |
987 | Parse an L<> formatting code in \s-1POD\s0 text | |
988 | .IP "Pod::ParseUtils" 12 | |
989 | .IX Item "Pod::ParseUtils" | |
990 | Helpers for \s-1POD\s0 parsing and conversion | |
991 | .IP "Pod::Parser" 12 | |
992 | .IX Item "Pod::Parser" | |
993 | Base class for creating \s-1POD\s0 filters and translators | |
994 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker" 12 | |
995 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker" | |
996 | Let Perldoc check Pod for errors | |
997 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToMan" 12 | |
998 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToMan" | |
999 | Let Perldoc render Pod as man pages | |
1000 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff" 12 | |
1001 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff" | |
1002 | Let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff | |
1003 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToPod" 12 | |
1004 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToPod" | |
1005 | Let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod! | |
1006 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf" 12 | |
1007 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf" | |
1008 | Let Perldoc render Pod as \s-1RTF\s0 | |
1009 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToText" 12 | |
1010 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToText" | |
1011 | Let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext | |
1012 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToTk" 12 | |
1013 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToTk" | |
1014 | Let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod | |
1015 | .IP "Pod::Perldoc::ToXml" 12 | |
1016 | .IX Item "Pod::Perldoc::ToXml" | |
1017 | Let Perldoc render Pod as \s-1XML\s0 | |
1018 | .IP "Pod::PlainText" 12 | |
1019 | .IX Item "Pod::PlainText" | |
1020 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to formatted \s-1ASCII\s0 text | |
1021 | .IP "Pod::Plainer" 12 | |
1022 | .IX Item "Pod::Plainer" | |
1023 | Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod. | |
1024 | .IP "Pod::Select" 12 | |
1025 | .IX Item "Pod::Select" | |
1026 | Extract selected sections of \s-1POD\s0 from input | |
1027 | .IP "Pod::Text" 12 | |
1028 | .IX Item "Pod::Text" | |
1029 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to formatted \s-1ASCII\s0 text | |
1030 | .IP "Pod::Text::Color" 12 | |
1031 | .IX Item "Pod::Text::Color" | |
1032 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to formatted color \s-1ASCII\s0 text | |
1033 | .IP "Pod::Text::Overstrike" 12 | |
1034 | .IX Item "Pod::Text::Overstrike" | |
1035 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to formatted overstrike text | |
1036 | .IP "Pod::Text::Termcap" 12 | |
1037 | .IX Item "Pod::Text::Termcap" | |
1038 | Convert \s-1POD\s0 data to \s-1ASCII\s0 text with format escapes | |
1039 | .IP "Pod::Usage" 12 | |
1040 | .IX Item "Pod::Usage" | |
1041 | Print a usage message from embedded pod documentation | |
1042 | .IP "SDBM_File" 12 | |
1043 | .IX Item "SDBM_File" | |
1044 | Tied access to sdbm files | |
1045 | .IP "Safe" 12 | |
1046 | .IX Item "Safe" | |
1047 | Compile and execute code in restricted compartments | |
1048 | .IP "Scalar::Util" 12 | |
1049 | .IX Item "Scalar::Util" | |
1050 | A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines | |
1051 | .IP "Search::Dict" 12 | |
1052 | .IX Item "Search::Dict" | |
1053 | Search for key in dictionary file | |
1054 | .IP "SelectSaver" 12 | |
1055 | .IX Item "SelectSaver" | |
1056 | Save and restore selected file handle | |
1057 | .IP "SelfLoader" 12 | |
1058 | .IX Item "SelfLoader" | |
1059 | Load functions only on demand | |
1060 | .IP "Shell" 12 | |
1061 | .IX Item "Shell" | |
1062 | Run shell commands transparently within perl | |
1063 | .IP "Socket" 12 | |
1064 | .IX Item "Socket" | |
1065 | Load the C socket.h defines and structure manipulators | |
1066 | .IP "Storable" 12 | |
1067 | .IX Item "Storable" | |
1068 | Persistence for Perl data structures | |
1069 | .IP "Switch" 12 | |
1070 | .IX Item "Switch" | |
1071 | A switch statement for Perl | |
1072 | .IP "Symbol" 12 | |
1073 | .IX Item "Symbol" | |
1074 | Manipulate Perl symbols and their names | |
1075 | .IP "Sys::Hostname" 12 | |
1076 | .IX Item "Sys::Hostname" | |
1077 | Try every conceivable way to get hostname | |
1078 | .IP "Sys::Syslog" 12 | |
1079 | .IX Item "Sys::Syslog" | |
1080 | Perl interface to the \s-1UNIX\s0 \fIsyslog\fR\|(3) calls | |
1081 | .IP "Term::ANSIColor" 12 | |
1082 | .IX Item "Term::ANSIColor" | |
1083 | Color screen output using \s-1ANSI\s0 escape sequences | |
1084 | .IP "Term::Cap" 12 | |
1085 | .IX Item "Term::Cap" | |
1086 | Perl termcap interface | |
1087 | .IP "Term::Complete" 12 | |
1088 | .IX Item "Term::Complete" | |
1089 | Perl word completion module | |
1090 | .IP "Term::ReadLine" 12 | |
1091 | .IX Item "Term::ReadLine" | |
1092 | Perl interface to various \f(CW\*(C`readline\*(C'\fR packages. | |
1093 | .IP "Test" 12 | |
1094 | .IX Item "Test" | |
1095 | Provides a simple framework for writing test scripts | |
1096 | .IP "Test::Builder" 12 | |
1097 | .IX Item "Test::Builder" | |
1098 | Backend for building test libraries | |
1099 | .IP "Test::Builder::Module" 12 | |
1100 | .IX Item "Test::Builder::Module" | |
1101 | Base class for test modules | |
1102 | .IP "Test::Builder::Tester" 12 | |
1103 | .IX Item "Test::Builder::Tester" | |
1104 | Test testsuites that have been built with | |
1105 | .IP "Test::Builder::Tester::Color" 12 | |
1106 | .IX Item "Test::Builder::Tester::Color" | |
1107 | Turn on colour in Test::Builder::Tester | |
1108 | .IP "Test::Harness" 12 | |
1109 | .IX Item "Test::Harness" | |
1110 | Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics | |
1111 | .IP "Test::Harness::Assert" 12 | |
1112 | .IX Item "Test::Harness::Assert" | |
1113 | Simple assert | |
1114 | .IP "Test::Harness::Iterator" 12 | |
1115 | .IX Item "Test::Harness::Iterator" | |
1116 | Internal Test::Harness Iterator | |
1117 | .IP "Test::Harness::Point" 12 | |
1118 | .IX Item "Test::Harness::Point" | |
1119 | Object for tracking a single test point | |
1120 | .IP "Test::Harness::Straps" 12 | |
1121 | .IX Item "Test::Harness::Straps" | |
1122 | Detailed analysis of test results | |
1123 | .IP "Test::Harness::TAP" 12 | |
1124 | .IX Item "Test::Harness::TAP" | |
1125 | Documentation for the \s-1TAP\s0 format | |
1126 | .IP "Test::More" 12 | |
1127 | .IX Item "Test::More" | |
1128 | Yet another framework for writing test scripts | |
1129 | .IP "Test::Simple" 12 | |
1130 | .IX Item "Test::Simple" | |
1131 | Basic utilities for writing tests. | |
1132 | .IP "Test::Tutorial" 12 | |
1133 | .IX Item "Test::Tutorial" | |
1134 | A tutorial about writing really basic tests | |
1135 | .IP "Text::Abbrev" 12 | |
1136 | .IX Item "Text::Abbrev" | |
1137 | Create an abbreviation table from a list | |
1138 | .IP "Text::Balanced" 12 | |
1139 | .IX Item "Text::Balanced" | |
1140 | Extract delimited text sequences from strings. | |
1141 | .IP "Text::ParseWords" 12 | |
1142 | .IX Item "Text::ParseWords" | |
1143 | Parse text into an array of tokens or array of arrays | |
1144 | .IP "Text::Soundex" 12 | |
1145 | .IX Item "Text::Soundex" | |
1146 | Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described by Knuth | |
1147 | .IP "Text::Tabs" 12 | |
1148 | .IX Item "Text::Tabs" | |
1149 | Expand and unexpand tabs per the unix \fIexpand\fR\|(1) and \fIunexpand\fR\|(1) | |
1150 | .IP "Text::Wrap" 12 | |
1151 | .IX Item "Text::Wrap" | |
1152 | Line wrapping to form simple paragraphs | |
1153 | .IP "Thread" 12 | |
1154 | .IX Item "Thread" | |
1155 | Manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only) | |
1156 | .IP "Thread::Queue" 12 | |
1157 | .IX Item "Thread::Queue" | |
1158 | Thread-safe queues | |
1159 | .IP "Thread::Semaphore" 12 | |
1160 | .IX Item "Thread::Semaphore" | |
1161 | Thread-safe semaphores | |
1162 | .IP "Thread::Signal" 12 | |
1163 | .IX Item "Thread::Signal" | |
1164 | Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably (for old code) | |
1165 | .IP "Thread::Specific" 12 | |
1166 | .IX Item "Thread::Specific" | |
1167 | Thread-specific keys | |
1168 | .IP "Tie::Array" 12 | |
1169 | .IX Item "Tie::Array" | |
1170 | Base class for tied arrays | |
1171 | .IP "Tie::File" 12 | |
1172 | .IX Item "Tie::File" | |
1173 | Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array | |
1174 | .IP "Tie::Handle" 12 | |
1175 | .IX Item "Tie::Handle" | |
1176 | Base class definitions for tied handles | |
1177 | .IP "Tie::Hash" 12 | |
1178 | .IX Item "Tie::Hash" | |
1179 | Base class definitions for tied hashes | |
1180 | .IP "Tie::Memoize" 12 | |
1181 | .IX Item "Tie::Memoize" | |
1182 | Add data to hash when needed | |
1183 | .IP "Tie::RefHash" 12 | |
1184 | .IX Item "Tie::RefHash" | |
1185 | Use references as hash keys | |
1186 | .IP "Tie::Scalar" 12 | |
1187 | .IX Item "Tie::Scalar" | |
1188 | Base class definitions for tied scalars | |
1189 | .IP "Tie::SubstrHash" 12 | |
1190 | .IX Item "Tie::SubstrHash" | |
1191 | Fixed\-table\-size, fixed-key-length hashing | |
1192 | .IP "Time::HiRes" 12 | |
1193 | .IX Item "Time::HiRes" | |
1194 | High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval timers | |
1195 | .IP "Time::Local" 12 | |
1196 | .IX Item "Time::Local" | |
1197 | Efficiently compute time from local and \s-1GMT\s0 time | |
1198 | .IP "Time::gmtime" 12 | |
1199 | .IX Item "Time::gmtime" | |
1200 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in \fIgmtime()\fR function | |
1201 | .IP "Time::localtime" 12 | |
1202 | .IX Item "Time::localtime" | |
1203 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in \fIlocaltime()\fR function | |
1204 | .IP "Time::tm" 12 | |
1205 | .IX Item "Time::tm" | |
1206 | Internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime | |
1207 | .IP "\s-1UNIVERSAL\s0" 12 | |
1208 | .IX Item "UNIVERSAL" | |
1209 | Base class for \s-1ALL\s0 classes (blessed references) | |
1210 | .IP "Unicode::Collate" 12 | |
1211 | .IX Item "Unicode::Collate" | |
1212 | Unicode Collation Algorithm | |
1213 | .IP "Unicode::Normalize" 12 | |
1214 | .IX Item "Unicode::Normalize" | |
1215 | Unicode Normalization Forms | |
1216 | .IP "Unicode::UCD" 12 | |
1217 | .IX Item "Unicode::UCD" | |
1218 | Unicode character database | |
1219 | .IP "User::grent" 12 | |
1220 | .IX Item "User::grent" | |
1221 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*() functions | |
1222 | .IP "User::pwent" 12 | |
1223 | .IX Item "User::pwent" | |
1224 | By-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*() functions | |
1225 | .IP "XS::APItest" 12 | |
1226 | .IX Item "XS::APItest" | |
1227 | Test the perl C \s-1API\s0 | |
1228 | .IP "XS::Typemap" 12 | |
1229 | .IX Item "XS::Typemap" | |
1230 | Module to test the \s-1XS\s0 typemaps distributed with perl | |
1231 | .IP "XSLoader" 12 | |
1232 | .IX Item "XSLoader" | |
1233 | Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code | |
1234 | .PP | |
1235 | To find out \fIall\fR modules installed on your system, including | |
1236 | those without documentation or outside the standard release, | |
1237 | just use the following command (under the default win32 shell, | |
1238 | double quotes should be used instead of single quotes). | |
1239 | .PP | |
1240 | .Vb 3 | |
1241 | \& % perl -MFile::Find=find -MFile::Spec::Functions -Tlwe \e | |
1242 | \& 'find { wanted => sub { print canonpath $_ if /\e.pm\ez/ }, | |
1243 | \& no_chdir => 1 }, @INC' | |
1244 | .Ve | |
1245 | .PP | |
1246 | (The \-T is here to prevent '.' from being listed in \f(CW@INC\fR.) | |
1247 | They should all have their own documentation installed and accessible | |
1248 | via your system \fIman\fR\|(1) command. If you do not have a \fBfind\fR | |
1249 | program, you can use the Perl \fBfind2perl\fR program instead, which | |
1250 | generates Perl code as output you can run through perl. If you | |
1251 | have a \fBman\fR program but it doesn't find your modules, you'll have | |
1252 | to fix your manpath. See perl for details. If you have no | |
1253 | system \fBman\fR command, you might try the \fBperldoc\fR program. | |
1254 | .PP | |
1255 | Note also that the command \f(CW\*(C`perldoc perllocal\*(C'\fR gives you a (possibly | |
1256 | incomplete) list of the modules that have been further installed on | |
1257 | your system. (The perllocal.pod file is updated by the standard MakeMaker | |
1258 | install process.) | |
1259 | .Sh "Extension Modules" | |
1260 | .IX Subsection "Extension Modules" | |
1261 | Extension modules are written in C (or a mix of Perl and C). They | |
1262 | are usually dynamically loaded into Perl if and when you need them, | |
1263 | but may also be linked in statically. Supported extension modules | |
1264 | include Socket, Fcntl, and \s-1POSIX\s0. | |
1265 | .PP | |
1266 | Many popular C extension modules do not come bundled (at least, not | |
1267 | completely) due to their sizes, volatility, or simply lack of time | |
1268 | for adequate testing and configuration across the multitude of | |
1269 | platforms on which Perl was beta\-tested. You are encouraged to | |
1270 | look for them on \s-1CPAN\s0 (described below), or using web search engines | |
1271 | like Alta Vista or Google. | |
1272 | .SH "CPAN" | |
1273 | .IX Header "CPAN" | |
1274 | \&\s-1CPAN\s0 stands for Comprehensive Perl Archive Network; it's a globally | |
1275 | replicated trove of Perl materials, including documentation, style | |
1276 | guides, tricks and traps, alternate ports to non-Unix systems and | |
1277 | occasional binary distributions for these. Search engines for | |
1278 | \&\s-1CPAN\s0 can be found at http://www.cpan.org/ | |
1279 | .PP | |
1280 | Most importantly, \s-1CPAN\s0 includes around a thousand unbundled modules, | |
1281 | some of which require a C compiler to build. Major categories of | |
1282 | modules are: | |
1283 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1284 | Language Extensions and Documentation Tools | |
1285 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1286 | Development Support | |
1287 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1288 | Operating System Interfaces | |
1289 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1290 | Networking, Device Control (modems) and InterProcess Communication | |
1291 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1292 | Data Types and Data Type Utilities | |
1293 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1294 | Database Interfaces | |
1295 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1296 | User Interfaces | |
1297 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1298 | Interfaces to / Emulations of Other Programming Languages | |
1299 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1300 | File Names, File Systems and File Locking (see also File Handles) | |
1301 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1302 | String Processing, Language Text Processing, Parsing, and Searching | |
1303 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1304 | Option, Argument, Parameter, and Configuration File Processing | |
1305 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1306 | Internationalization and Locale | |
1307 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1308 | Authentication, Security, and Encryption | |
1309 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1310 | World Wide Web, \s-1HTML\s0, \s-1HTTP\s0, \s-1CGI\s0, \s-1MIME\s0 | |
1311 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1312 | Server and Daemon Utilities | |
1313 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1314 | Archiving and Compression | |
1315 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1316 | Images, Pixmap and Bitmap Manipulation, Drawing, and Graphing | |
1317 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1318 | Mail and Usenet News | |
1319 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1320 | Control Flow Utilities (callbacks and exceptions etc) | |
1321 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1322 | File Handle and Input/Output Stream Utilities | |
1323 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
1324 | Miscellaneous Modules | |
1325 | .PP | |
1326 | The list of the registered \s-1CPAN\s0 sites as of this writing follows. | |
1327 | Please note that the sorting order is alphabetical on fields: | |
1328 | .PP | |
1329 | Continent | |
1330 | | | |
1331 | |\-\->Country | |
1332 | | | |
1333 | |\-\->[state/province] | |
1334 | | | |
1335 | |\-\->ftp | |
1336 | | | |
1337 | |\-\->[http] | |
1338 | .PP | |
1339 | and thus the North American servers happen to be listed between the | |
1340 | European and the South American sites. | |
1341 | .PP | |
1342 | You should try to choose one close to you. | |
1343 | .Sh "Africa" | |
1344 | .IX Subsection "Africa" | |
1345 | .IP "South Africa" 4 | |
1346 | .IX Item "South Africa" | |
1347 | .Vb 5 | |
1348 | \& http://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1349 | \& ftp://ftp.rucus.ru.ac.za/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1350 | \& ftp://ftp.is.co.za/programming/perl/CPAN/ | |
1351 | \& ftp://ftp.saix.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1352 | \& ftp://ftp.sun.ac.za/CPAN/CPAN/ | |
1353 | .Ve | |
1354 | .Sh "Asia" | |
1355 | .IX Subsection "Asia" | |
1356 | .IP "China" 4 | |
1357 | .IX Item "China" | |
1358 | .Vb 4 | |
1359 | \& http://cpan.linuxforum.net/ | |
1360 | \& http://cpan.shellhung.org/ | |
1361 | \& ftp://ftp.shellhung.org/pub/CPAN | |
1362 | \& ftp://mirrors.hknet.com/CPAN | |
1363 | .Ve | |
1364 | .IP "Indonesia" 4 | |
1365 | .IX Item "Indonesia" | |
1366 | .Vb 3 | |
1367 | \& http://mirrors.tf.itb.ac.id/cpan/ | |
1368 | \& http://cpan.cbn.net.id/ | |
1369 | \& ftp://ftp.cbn.net.id/mirror/CPAN | |
1370 | .Ve | |
1371 | .IP "Israel" 4 | |
1372 | .IX Item "Israel" | |
1373 | .Vb 4 | |
1374 | \& ftp://ftp.iglu.org.il/pub/CPAN/ | |
1375 | \& http://cpan.lerner.co.il/ | |
1376 | \& http://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
1377 | \& ftp://bioinfo.weizmann.ac.il/pub/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
1378 | .Ve | |
1379 | .IP "Japan" 4 | |
1380 | .IX Item "Japan" | |
1381 | .Vb 8 | |
1382 | \& ftp://ftp.u-aizu.ac.jp/pub/CPAN | |
1383 | \& ftp://ftp.kddlabs.co.jp/CPAN/ | |
1384 | \& ftp://ftp.ayamura.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1385 | \& ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1386 | \& http://ftp.cpan.jp/ | |
1387 | \& ftp://ftp.cpan.jp/CPAN/ | |
1388 | \& ftp://ftp.dti.ad.jp/pub/lang/CPAN/ | |
1389 | \& ftp://ftp.ring.gr.jp/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1390 | .Ve | |
1391 | .IP "Malaysia" 4 | |
1392 | .IX Item "Malaysia" | |
1393 | .Vb 3 | |
1394 | \& http://cpan.MyBSD.org.my | |
1395 | \& http://mirror.leafbug.org/pub/CPAN | |
1396 | \& http://ossig.mncc.com.my/mirror/pub/CPAN | |
1397 | .Ve | |
1398 | .IP "Russian Federation" 4 | |
1399 | .IX Item "Russian Federation" | |
1400 | .Vb 2 | |
1401 | \& http://cpan.tomsk.ru | |
1402 | \& ftp://cpan.tomsk.ru/ | |
1403 | .Ve | |
1404 | .IP "Saudi Arabia" 4 | |
1405 | .IX Item "Saudi Arabia" | |
1406 | .Vb 1 | |
1407 | \& ftp://ftp.isu.net.sa/pub/CPAN/ | |
1408 | .Ve | |
1409 | .IP "Singapore" 4 | |
1410 | .IX Item "Singapore" | |
1411 | .Vb 6 | |
1412 | \& http://CPAN.en.com.sg/ | |
1413 | \& ftp://cpan.en.com.sg/ | |
1414 | \& http://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN | |
1415 | \& ftp://mirror.averse.net/pub/CPAN | |
1416 | \& http://cpan.oss.eznetsols.org | |
1417 | \& ftp://ftp.oss.eznetsols.org/cpan | |
1418 | .Ve | |
1419 | .IP "South Korea" 4 | |
1420 | .IX Item "South Korea" | |
1421 | .Vb 4 | |
1422 | \& http://CPAN.bora.net/ | |
1423 | \& ftp://ftp.bora.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1424 | \& http://mirror.kr.FreeBSD.org/CPAN | |
1425 | \& ftp://ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org/pub/CPAN | |
1426 | .Ve | |
1427 | .IP "Taiwan" 4 | |
1428 | .IX Item "Taiwan" | |
1429 | .Vb 8 | |
1430 | \& ftp://ftp.nctu.edu.tw/UNIX/perl/CPAN | |
1431 | \& http://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/ | |
1432 | \& ftp://cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
1433 | \& http://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
1434 | \& ftp://ftp.isu.edu.tw/pub/CPAN | |
1435 | \& ftp://ftp1.sinica.edu.tw/pub1/perl/CPAN/ | |
1436 | \& http://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
1437 | \& ftp://ftp.tku.edu.tw/pub/CPAN/ | |
1438 | .Ve | |
1439 | .IP "Thailand" 4 | |
1440 | .IX Item "Thailand" | |
1441 | .Vb 2 | |
1442 | \& ftp://ftp.loxinfo.co.th/pub/cpan/ | |
1443 | \& ftp://ftp.cs.riubon.ac.th/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1444 | .Ve | |
1445 | .Sh "Central America" | |
1446 | .IX Subsection "Central America" | |
1447 | .IP "Costa Rica" 4 | |
1448 | .IX Item "Costa Rica" | |
1449 | .Vb 2 | |
1450 | \& http://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/Unix/CPAN/ | |
1451 | \& ftp://ftp.ucr.ac.cr/pub/Unix/CPAN/ | |
1452 | .Ve | |
1453 | .Sh "Europe" | |
1454 | .IX Subsection "Europe" | |
1455 | .IP "Austria" 4 | |
1456 | .IX Item "Austria" | |
1457 | .Vb 3 | |
1458 | \& http://cpan.inode.at/ | |
1459 | \& ftp://cpan.inode.at | |
1460 | \& ftp://ftp.tuwien.ac.at/pub/CPAN/ | |
1461 | .Ve | |
1462 | .IP "Belgium" 4 | |
1463 | .IX Item "Belgium" | |
1464 | .Vb 5 | |
1465 | \& http://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ | |
1466 | \& ftp://ftp.easynet.be/pub/CPAN/ | |
1467 | \& http://cpan.skynet.be | |
1468 | \& ftp://ftp.cpan.skynet.be/pub/CPAN | |
1469 | \& ftp://ftp.kulnet.kuleuven.ac.be/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1470 | .Ve | |
1471 | .IP "Bosnia and Herzegovina" 4 | |
1472 | .IX Item "Bosnia and Herzegovina" | |
1473 | .Vb 1 | |
1474 | \& http://cpan.blic.net/ | |
1475 | .Ve | |
1476 | .IP "Bulgaria" 4 | |
1477 | .IX Item "Bulgaria" | |
1478 | .Vb 6 | |
1479 | \& http://cpan.online.bg | |
1480 | \& ftp://cpan.online.bg/cpan | |
1481 | \& http://cpan.zadnik.org | |
1482 | \& ftp://ftp.zadnik.org/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1483 | \& http://cpan.lirex.net/ | |
1484 | \& ftp://ftp.lirex.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
1485 | .Ve | |
1486 | .IP "Croatia" 4 | |
1487 | .IX Item "Croatia" | |
1488 | .Vb 2 | |
1489 | \& http://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
1490 | \& ftp://ftp.linux.hr/pub/CPAN/ | |
1491 | .Ve | |
1492 | .IP "Czech Republic" 4 | |
1493 | .IX Item "Czech Republic" | |
1494 | .Vb 2 | |
1495 | \& ftp://ftp.fi.muni.cz/pub/CPAN/ | |
1496 | \& ftp://sunsite.mff.cuni.cz/MIRRORS/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1497 | .Ve | |
1498 | .IP "Denmark" 4 | |
1499 | .IX Item "Denmark" | |
1500 | .Vb 5 | |
1501 | \& http://mirrors.sunsite.dk/cpan/ | |
1502 | \& ftp://sunsite.dk/mirrors/cpan/ | |
1503 | \& http://cpan.cybercity.dk | |
1504 | \& http://www.cpan.dk/CPAN/ | |
1505 | \& ftp://www.cpan.dk/ftp.cpan.org/CPAN/ | |
1506 | .Ve | |
1507 | .IP "Estonia" 4 | |
1508 | .IX Item "Estonia" | |
1509 | .Vb 1 | |
1510 | \& ftp://ftp.ut.ee/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1511 | .Ve | |
1512 | .IP "Finland" 4 | |
1513 | .IX Item "Finland" | |
1514 | .Vb 2 | |
1515 | \& ftp://ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1516 | \& http://mirror.eunet.fi/CPAN | |
1517 | .Ve | |
1518 | .IP "France" 4 | |
1519 | .IX Item "France" | |
1520 | .Vb 18 | |
1521 | \& http://www.enstimac.fr/Perl/CPAN | |
1522 | \& http://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN | |
1523 | \& ftp://ftp.u-paris10.fr/perl/CPAN | |
1524 | \& http://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/ | |
1525 | \& ftp://cpan.mirrors.easynet.fr/pub/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1526 | \& ftp://ftp.club-internet.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1527 | \& http://fr.cpan.org/ | |
1528 | \& ftp://ftp.lip6.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1529 | \& ftp://ftp.oleane.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1530 | \& ftp://ftp.pasteur.fr/pub/computing/CPAN/ | |
1531 | \& http://mir2.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
1532 | \& ftp://mir1.ovh.net/ftp.cpan.org | |
1533 | \& http://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1534 | \& ftp://ftp.crihan.fr/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1535 | \& http://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
1536 | \& ftp://ftp.u-strasbg.fr/CPAN | |
1537 | \& ftp://cpan.cict.fr/pub/CPAN/ | |
1538 | \& ftp://ftp.uvsq.fr/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1539 | .Ve | |
1540 | .IP "Germany" 4 | |
1541 | .IX Item "Germany" | |
1542 | .Vb 14 | |
1543 | \& ftp://ftp.rub.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1544 | \& ftp://ftp.freenet.de/pub/ftp.cpan.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1545 | \& ftp://ftp.uni-erlangen.de/pub/source/CPAN/ | |
1546 | \& ftp://ftp-stud.fht-esslingen.de/pub/Mirrors/CPAN | |
1547 | \& http://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1548 | \& ftp://pandemonium.tiscali.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1549 | \& http://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1550 | \& ftp://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1551 | \& ftp://ftp.uni-hamburg.de/pub/soft/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1552 | \& ftp://ftp.leo.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1553 | \& http://cpan.noris.de/ | |
1554 | \& ftp://cpan.noris.de/pub/CPAN/ | |
1555 | \& ftp://ftp.mpi-sb.mpg.de/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1556 | \& ftp://ftp.gmd.de/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1557 | .Ve | |
1558 | .IP "Greece" 4 | |
1559 | .IX Item "Greece" | |
1560 | .Vb 3 | |
1561 | \& ftp://ftp.acn.gr/pub/lang/perl | |
1562 | \& ftp://ftp.forthnet.gr/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1563 | \& ftp://ftp.ntua.gr/pub/lang/perl/ | |
1564 | .Ve | |
1565 | .IP "Hungary" 4 | |
1566 | .IX Item "Hungary" | |
1567 | .Vb 2 | |
1568 | \& http://ftp.kfki.hu/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1569 | \& ftp://ftp.kfki.hu/pub/packages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1570 | .Ve | |
1571 | .IP "Iceland" 4 | |
1572 | .IX Item "Iceland" | |
1573 | .Vb 2 | |
1574 | \& http://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ | |
1575 | \& ftp://ftp.rhnet.is/pub/CPAN/ | |
1576 | .Ve | |
1577 | .IP "Ireland" 4 | |
1578 | .IX Item "Ireland" | |
1579 | .Vb 6 | |
1580 | \& http://cpan.indigo.ie/ | |
1581 | \& ftp://cpan.indigo.ie/pub/CPAN/ | |
1582 | \& http://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
1583 | \& ftp://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
1584 | \& http://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ | |
1585 | \& ftp://sunsite.compapp.dcu.ie/pub/perl/ | |
1586 | .Ve | |
1587 | .IP "Italy" 4 | |
1588 | .IX Item "Italy" | |
1589 | .Vb 11 | |
1590 | \& http://cpan.nettuno.it/ | |
1591 | \& http://gusp.dyndns.org/CPAN/ | |
1592 | \& ftp://gusp.dyndns.org/pub/CPAN | |
1593 | \& http://softcity.iol.it/cpan | |
1594 | \& ftp://softcity.iol.it/pub/cpan | |
1595 | \& ftp://ftp.unina.it/pub/Other/CPAN/CPAN/ | |
1596 | \& ftp://ftp.unipi.it/pub/mirror/perl/CPAN/ | |
1597 | \& ftp://cis.uniRoma2.it/CPAN/ | |
1598 | \& ftp://ftp.edisontel.it/pub/CPAN_Mirror/ | |
1599 | \& http://cpan.flashnet.it/ | |
1600 | \& ftp://ftp.flashnet.it/pub/CPAN/ | |
1601 | .Ve | |
1602 | .IP "Latvia" 4 | |
1603 | .IX Item "Latvia" | |
1604 | .Vb 1 | |
1605 | \& http://kvin.lv/pub/CPAN/ | |
1606 | .Ve | |
1607 | .IP "Lithuania" 4 | |
1608 | .IX Item "Lithuania" | |
1609 | .Vb 1 | |
1610 | \& ftp://ftp.unix.lt/pub/CPAN/ | |
1611 | .Ve | |
1612 | .IP "Netherlands" 4 | |
1613 | .IX Item "Netherlands" | |
1614 | .Vb 11 | |
1615 | \& ftp://download.xs4all.nl/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1616 | \& ftp://ftp.nl.uu.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1617 | \& ftp://ftp.nluug.nl/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1618 | \& http://cpan.cybercomm.nl/ | |
1619 | \& ftp://mirror.cybercomm.nl/pub/CPAN | |
1620 | \& ftp://mirror.vuurwerk.nl/pub/CPAN/ | |
1621 | \& ftp://ftp.cpan.nl/pub/CPAN/ | |
1622 | \& http://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN | |
1623 | \& ftp://ftp.easynet.nl/mirror/CPAN | |
1624 | \& http://archive.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1625 | \& ftp://ftp.cs.uu.nl/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1626 | .Ve | |
1627 | .IP "Norway" 4 | |
1628 | .IX Item "Norway" | |
1629 | .Vb 2 | |
1630 | \& ftp://ftp.uninett.no/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1631 | \& ftp://ftp.uit.no/pub/languages/perl/cpan/ | |
1632 | .Ve | |
1633 | .IP "Poland" 4 | |
1634 | .IX Item "Poland" | |
1635 | .Vb 3 | |
1636 | \& ftp://ftp.mega.net.pl/CPAN | |
1637 | \& ftp://ftp.man.torun.pl/pub/doc/CPAN/ | |
1638 | \& ftp://sunsite.icm.edu.pl/pub/CPAN/ | |
1639 | .Ve | |
1640 | .IP "Portugal" 4 | |
1641 | .IX Item "Portugal" | |
1642 | .Vb 11 | |
1643 | \& ftp://ftp.ua.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
1644 | \& ftp://perl.di.uminho.pt/pub/CPAN/ | |
1645 | \& http://cpan.dei.uc.pt/ | |
1646 | \& ftp://ftp.dei.uc.pt/pub/CPAN | |
1647 | \& ftp://ftp.nfsi.pt/pub/CPAN | |
1648 | \& http://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
1649 | \& ftp://ftp.linux.pt/pub/mirrors/CPAN | |
1650 | \& http://cpan.ip.pt/ | |
1651 | \& ftp://cpan.ip.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
1652 | \& http://cpan.telepac.pt/ | |
1653 | \& ftp://ftp.telepac.pt/pub/cpan/ | |
1654 | .Ve | |
1655 | .IP "Romania" 4 | |
1656 | .IX Item "Romania" | |
1657 | .Vb 11 | |
1658 | \& ftp://ftp.bio-net.ro/pub/CPAN | |
1659 | \& ftp://ftp.kappa.ro/pub/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1660 | \& ftp://ftp.lug.ro/CPAN | |
1661 | \& ftp://ftp.roedu.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1662 | \& ftp://ftp.dntis.ro/pub/cpan/ | |
1663 | \& ftp://ftp.iasi.roedu.net/pub/mirrors/ftp.cpan.org/ | |
1664 | \& http://cpan.ambra.ro/ | |
1665 | \& ftp://ftp.ambra.ro/pub/CPAN | |
1666 | \& ftp://ftp.dnttm.ro/pub/CPAN/ | |
1667 | \& ftp://ftp.lasting.ro/pub/CPAN | |
1668 | \& ftp://ftp.timisoara.roedu.net/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1669 | .Ve | |
1670 | .IP "Russia" 4 | |
1671 | .IX Item "Russia" | |
1672 | .Vb 7 | |
1673 | \& ftp://ftp.chg.ru/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1674 | \& http://cpan.rinet.ru/ | |
1675 | \& ftp://cpan.rinet.ru/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1676 | \& ftp://ftp.aha.ru/pub/CPAN/ | |
1677 | \& ftp://ftp.corbina.ru/pub/CPAN/ | |
1678 | \& http://cpan.sai.msu.ru/ | |
1679 | \& ftp://ftp.sai.msu.su/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1680 | .Ve | |
1681 | .IP "Slovakia" 4 | |
1682 | .IX Item "Slovakia" | |
1683 | .Vb 1 | |
1684 | \& ftp://ftp.cvt.stuba.sk/pub/CPAN/ | |
1685 | .Ve | |
1686 | .IP "Slovenia" 4 | |
1687 | .IX Item "Slovenia" | |
1688 | .Vb 1 | |
1689 | \& ftp://ftp.arnes.si/software/perl/CPAN/ | |
1690 | .Ve | |
1691 | .IP "Spain" 4 | |
1692 | .IX Item "Spain" | |
1693 | .Vb 4 | |
1694 | \& http://cpan.imasd.elmundo.es/ | |
1695 | \& ftp://ftp.rediris.es/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1696 | \& ftp://ftp.ri.telefonica-data.net/CPAN | |
1697 | \& ftp://ftp.etse.urv.es/pub/perl/ | |
1698 | .Ve | |
1699 | .IP "Sweden" 4 | |
1700 | .IX Item "Sweden" | |
1701 | .Vb 5 | |
1702 | \& http://ftp.du.se/CPAN/ | |
1703 | \& ftp://ftp.du.se/pub/CPAN/ | |
1704 | \& http://mirror.dataphone.se/CPAN | |
1705 | \& ftp://mirror.dataphone.se/pub/CPAN | |
1706 | \& ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/lang/perl/CPAN/ | |
1707 | .Ve | |
1708 | .IP "Switzerland" 4 | |
1709 | .IX Item "Switzerland" | |
1710 | .Vb 4 | |
1711 | \& http://cpan.mirror.solnet.ch/ | |
1712 | \& ftp://ftp.solnet.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1713 | \& ftp://ftp.danyk.ch/CPAN/ | |
1714 | \& ftp://sunsite.cnlab-switch.ch/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1715 | .Ve | |
1716 | .IP "Turkey" 4 | |
1717 | .IX Item "Turkey" | |
1718 | .Vb 3 | |
1719 | \& http://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN/ | |
1720 | \& ftp://ftp.ulak.net.tr/perl/CPAN | |
1721 | \& ftp://sunsite.bilkent.edu.tr/pub/languages/CPAN/ | |
1722 | .Ve | |
1723 | .IP "Ukraine" 4 | |
1724 | .IX Item "Ukraine" | |
1725 | .Vb 5 | |
1726 | \& http://cpan.org.ua/ | |
1727 | \& ftp://cpan.org.ua/ | |
1728 | \& ftp://ftp.perl.org.ua/pub/CPAN/ | |
1729 | \& http://no-more.kiev.ua/CPAN/ | |
1730 | \& ftp://no-more.kiev.ua/pub/CPAN/ | |
1731 | .Ve | |
1732 | .IP "United Kingdom" 4 | |
1733 | .IX Item "United Kingdom" | |
1734 | .Vb 16 | |
1735 | \& http://www.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1736 | \& ftp://ftp.mirror.ac.uk/sites/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1737 | \& http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ | |
1738 | \& ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN | |
1739 | \& http://cpan.mirror.anlx.net/ | |
1740 | \& ftp://ftp.mirror.anlx.net/CPAN/ | |
1741 | \& http://cpan.etla.org/ | |
1742 | \& ftp://cpan.etla.org/pub/CPAN | |
1743 | \& ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/CPAN/ | |
1744 | \& http://cpan.m.flirble.org/ | |
1745 | \& ftp://ftp.flirble.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1746 | \& ftp://ftp.plig.org/pub/CPAN/ | |
1747 | \& http://cpan.hambule.co.uk/ | |
1748 | \& http://cpan.mirrors.clockerz.net/ | |
1749 | \& ftp://ftp.clockerz.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1750 | \& ftp://usit.shef.ac.uk/pub/packages/CPAN/ | |
1751 | .Ve | |
1752 | .Sh "North America" | |
1753 | .IX Subsection "North America" | |
1754 | .IP "Canada" 4 | |
1755 | .IX Item "Canada" | |
1756 | .RS 4 | |
1757 | .PD 0 | |
1758 | .IP "Alberta" 8 | |
1759 | .IX Item "Alberta" | |
1760 | .PD | |
1761 | .Vb 2 | |
1762 | \& http://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/ | |
1763 | \& ftp://cpan.sunsite.ualberta.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
1764 | .Ve | |
1765 | .IP "Manitoba" 8 | |
1766 | .IX Item "Manitoba" | |
1767 | .Vb 2 | |
1768 | \& http://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
1769 | \& ftp://theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
1770 | .Ve | |
1771 | .IP "Nova Scotia" 8 | |
1772 | .IX Item "Nova Scotia" | |
1773 | .Vb 1 | |
1774 | \& ftp://cpan.chebucto.ns.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
1775 | .Ve | |
1776 | .IP "Ontario" 8 | |
1777 | .IX Item "Ontario" | |
1778 | .Vb 1 | |
1779 | \& ftp://ftp.nrc.ca/pub/CPAN/ | |
1780 | .Ve | |
1781 | .RE | |
1782 | .RS 4 | |
1783 | .RE | |
1784 | .IP "Mexico" 4 | |
1785 | .IX Item "Mexico" | |
1786 | .Vb 6 | |
1787 | \& http://cpan.azc.uam.mx | |
1788 | \& ftp://cpan.azc.uam.mx/mirrors/CPAN | |
1789 | \& http://www.cpan.unam.mx/ | |
1790 | \& ftp://ftp.unam.mx/pub/CPAN | |
1791 | \& http://www.msg.com.mx/CPAN/ | |
1792 | \& ftp://ftp.msg.com.mx/pub/CPAN/ | |
1793 | .Ve | |
1794 | .IP "United States" 4 | |
1795 | .IX Item "United States" | |
1796 | .RS 4 | |
1797 | .PD 0 | |
1798 | .IP "Alabama" 8 | |
1799 | .IX Item "Alabama" | |
1800 | .PD | |
1801 | .Vb 2 | |
1802 | \& http://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ | |
1803 | \& ftp://mirror.hiwaay.net/CPAN/ | |
1804 | .Ve | |
1805 | .IP "California" 8 | |
1806 | .IX Item "California" | |
1807 | .Vb 15 | |
1808 | \& http://cpan.develooper.com/ | |
1809 | \& http://www.cpan.org/ | |
1810 | \& ftp://cpan.valueclick.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1811 | \& http://www.mednor.net/ftp/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1812 | \& ftp://ftp.mednor.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1813 | \& http://mirrors.gossamer-threads.com/CPAN | |
1814 | \& ftp://cpan.nas.nasa.gov/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1815 | \& http://mirrors.kernel.org/cpan/ | |
1816 | \& ftp://mirrors.kernel.org/pub/CPAN | |
1817 | \& http://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/ | |
1818 | \& ftp://cpan-sj.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1819 | \& http://cpan.digisle.net/ | |
1820 | \& ftp://cpan.digisle.net/pub/CPAN | |
1821 | \& http://www.perl.com/CPAN/ | |
1822 | \& http://www.uberlan.net/CPAN | |
1823 | .Ve | |
1824 | .IP "Colorado" 8 | |
1825 | .IX Item "Colorado" | |
1826 | .Vb 2 | |
1827 | \& ftp://ftp.cs.colorado.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1828 | \& http://cpan.four10.com | |
1829 | .Ve | |
1830 | .IP "Delaware" 8 | |
1831 | .IX Item "Delaware" | |
1832 | .Vb 2 | |
1833 | \& http://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1834 | \& ftp://ftp.lug.udel.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1835 | .Ve | |
1836 | .IP "District of Columbia" 8 | |
1837 | .IX Item "District of Columbia" | |
1838 | .Vb 1 | |
1839 | \& ftp://ftp.dc.aleron.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1840 | .Ve | |
1841 | .IP "Florida" 8 | |
1842 | .IX Item "Florida" | |
1843 | .Vb 4 | |
1844 | \& ftp://ftp.cise.ufl.edu/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1845 | \& http://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1846 | \& ftp://mirror.csit.fsu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1847 | \& http://cpan.mirrors.nks.net/ | |
1848 | .Ve | |
1849 | .IP "Indiana" 8 | |
1850 | .IX Item "Indiana" | |
1851 | .Vb 9 | |
1852 | \& ftp://ftp.uwsg.iu.edu/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1853 | \& http://cpan.netnitco.net/ | |
1854 | \& ftp://cpan.netnitco.net/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1855 | \& http://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ | |
1856 | \& ftp://archive.progeny.com/CPAN/ | |
1857 | \& http://fx.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1858 | \& ftp://ftp.saintjoe.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1859 | \& http://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1860 | \& ftp://csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1861 | .Ve | |
1862 | .IP "Kentucky" 8 | |
1863 | .IX Item "Kentucky" | |
1864 | .Vb 4 | |
1865 | \& http://cpan.uky.edu/ | |
1866 | \& ftp://cpan.uky.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1867 | \& http://slugsite.louisville.edu/cpan | |
1868 | \& ftp://slugsite.louisville.edu/CPAN | |
1869 | .Ve | |
1870 | .IP "Massachusetts" 8 | |
1871 | .IX Item "Massachusetts" | |
1872 | .Vb 3 | |
1873 | \& http://mirrors.towardex.com/CPAN | |
1874 | \& ftp://mirrors.towardex.com/pub/CPAN | |
1875 | \& ftp://ftp.ccs.neu.edu/net/mirrors/ftp.funet.fi/pub/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
1876 | .Ve | |
1877 | .IP "Michigan" 8 | |
1878 | .IX Item "Michigan" | |
1879 | .Vb 3 | |
1880 | \& ftp://cpan.cse.msu.edu/ | |
1881 | \& http://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1882 | \& ftp://cpan.calvin.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1883 | .Ve | |
1884 | .IP "Nevada" 8 | |
1885 | .IX Item "Nevada" | |
1886 | .Vb 2 | |
1887 | \& http://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN | |
1888 | \& ftp://www.oss.redundant.com/pub/CPAN | |
1889 | .Ve | |
1890 | .IP "New Jersey" 8 | |
1891 | .IX Item "New Jersey" | |
1892 | .Vb 4 | |
1893 | \& http://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1894 | \& ftp://ftp.cpanel.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1895 | \& http://cpan.teleglobe.net/ | |
1896 | \& ftp://cpan.teleglobe.net/pub/CPAN | |
1897 | .Ve | |
1898 | .IP "New York" 8 | |
1899 | .IX Item "New York" | |
1900 | .Vb 8 | |
1901 | \& http://cpan.belfry.net/ | |
1902 | \& http://cpan.erlbaum.net/ | |
1903 | \& ftp://cpan.erlbaum.net/ | |
1904 | \& http://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ | |
1905 | \& ftp://cpan.thepirtgroup.com/ | |
1906 | \& ftp://ftp.stealth.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1907 | \& http://www.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ | |
1908 | \& ftp://ftp.rge.com/pub/languages/perl/ | |
1909 | .Ve | |
1910 | .IP "North Carolina" 8 | |
1911 | .IX Item "North Carolina" | |
1912 | .Vb 4 | |
1913 | \& http://www.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1914 | \& ftp://ftp.ibiblio.org/pub/languages/perl/CPAN | |
1915 | \& ftp://ftp.duke.edu/pub/perl/ | |
1916 | \& ftp://ftp.ncsu.edu/pub/mirror/CPAN/ | |
1917 | .Ve | |
1918 | .IP "Oklahoma" 8 | |
1919 | .IX Item "Oklahoma" | |
1920 | .Vb 1 | |
1921 | \& ftp://ftp.ou.edu/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1922 | .Ve | |
1923 | .IP "Oregon" 8 | |
1924 | .IX Item "Oregon" | |
1925 | .Vb 1 | |
1926 | \& ftp://ftp.orst.edu/pub/CPAN | |
1927 | .Ve | |
1928 | .IP "Pennsylvania" 8 | |
1929 | .IX Item "Pennsylvania" | |
1930 | .Vb 7 | |
1931 | \& http://ftp.epix.net/CPAN/ | |
1932 | \& ftp://ftp.epix.net/pub/languages/perl/ | |
1933 | \& http://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1934 | \& ftp://mirrors.phenominet.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1935 | \& http://cpan.pair.com/ | |
1936 | \& ftp://cpan.pair.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1937 | \& ftp://carroll.cac.psu.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1938 | .Ve | |
1939 | .IP "Tennessee" 8 | |
1940 | .IX Item "Tennessee" | |
1941 | .Vb 1 | |
1942 | \& ftp://ftp.sunsite.utk.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1943 | .Ve | |
1944 | .IP "Texas" 8 | |
1945 | .IX Item "Texas" | |
1946 | .Vb 4 | |
1947 | \& http://ftp.sedl.org/pub/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1948 | \& http://www.binarycode.org/cpan | |
1949 | \& ftp://mirror.telentente.com/pub/CPAN | |
1950 | \& http://mirrors.theonlinerecordstore.com/CPAN | |
1951 | .Ve | |
1952 | .IP "Utah" 8 | |
1953 | .IX Item "Utah" | |
1954 | .Vb 1 | |
1955 | \& ftp://mirror.xmission.com/CPAN/ | |
1956 | .Ve | |
1957 | .IP "Virginia" 8 | |
1958 | .IX Item "Virginia" | |
1959 | .Vb 7 | |
1960 | \& http://cpan-du.viaverio.com/ | |
1961 | \& ftp://cpan-du.viaverio.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1962 | \& http://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ | |
1963 | \& ftp://mirrors.rcn.net/pub/lang/CPAN/ | |
1964 | \& http://perl.secsup.org/ | |
1965 | \& ftp://perl.secsup.org/pub/perl/ | |
1966 | \& http://noc.cvaix.com/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
1967 | .Ve | |
1968 | .IP "Washington" 8 | |
1969 | .IX Item "Washington" | |
1970 | .Vb 5 | |
1971 | \& http://cpan.llarian.net/ | |
1972 | \& ftp://cpan.llarian.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
1973 | \& http://cpan.mirrorcentral.com/ | |
1974 | \& ftp://ftp.mirrorcentral.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1975 | \& ftp://ftp-mirror.internap.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1976 | .Ve | |
1977 | .IP "Wisconsin" 8 | |
1978 | .IX Item "Wisconsin" | |
1979 | .Vb 4 | |
1980 | \& http://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1981 | \& ftp://mirror.sit.wisc.edu/pub/CPAN/ | |
1982 | \& http://mirror.aphix.com/CPAN | |
1983 | \& ftp://mirror.aphix.com/pub/CPAN | |
1984 | .Ve | |
1985 | .RE | |
1986 | .RS 4 | |
1987 | .RE | |
1988 | .Sh "Oceania" | |
1989 | .IX Subsection "Oceania" | |
1990 | .IP "Australia" 4 | |
1991 | .IX Item "Australia" | |
1992 | .Vb 5 | |
1993 | \& http://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1994 | \& ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/CPAN/ | |
1995 | \& ftp://mirror.aarnet.edu.au/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
1996 | \& ftp://cpan.topend.com.au/pub/CPAN/ | |
1997 | \& http://cpan.mirrors.ilisys.com.au | |
1998 | .Ve | |
1999 | .IP "New Zealand" 4 | |
2000 | .IX Item "New Zealand" | |
2001 | .Vb 1 | |
2002 | \& ftp://ftp.auckland.ac.nz/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
2003 | .Ve | |
2004 | .IP "United States" 4 | |
2005 | .IX Item "United States" | |
2006 | .Vb 2 | |
2007 | \& http://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ | |
2008 | \& ftp://aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu/CPAN/ | |
2009 | .Ve | |
2010 | .Sh "South America" | |
2011 | .IX Subsection "South America" | |
2012 | .IP "Argentina" 4 | |
2013 | .IX Item "Argentina" | |
2014 | .Vb 3 | |
2015 | \& ftp://mirrors.bannerlandia.com.ar/mirrors/CPAN/ | |
2016 | \& http://www.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan | |
2017 | \& ftp://ftp.linux.org.ar/mirrors/cpan | |
2018 | .Ve | |
2019 | .IP "Brazil" 4 | |
2020 | .IX Item "Brazil" | |
2021 | .Vb 4 | |
2022 | \& ftp://cpan.pop-mg.com.br/pub/CPAN/ | |
2023 | \& ftp://ftp.matrix.com.br/pub/perl/CPAN/ | |
2024 | \& http://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ | |
2025 | \& ftp://cpan.hostsul.com.br/ | |
2026 | .Ve | |
2027 | .IP "Chile" 4 | |
2028 | .IX Item "Chile" | |
2029 | .Vb 2 | |
2030 | \& http://cpan.netglobalis.net/ | |
2031 | \& ftp://cpan.netglobalis.net/pub/CPAN/ | |
2032 | .Ve | |
2033 | .Sh "\s-1RSYNC\s0 Mirrors" | |
2034 | .IX Subsection "RSYNC Mirrors" | |
2035 | .Vb 39 | |
2036 | \& www.linux.org.ar::cpan | |
2037 | \& theoryx5.uwinnipeg.ca::CPAN | |
2038 | \& ftp.shellhung.org::CPAN | |
2039 | \& rsync.nic.funet.fi::CPAN | |
2040 | \& ftp.u-paris10.fr::CPAN | |
2041 | \& mir1.ovh.net::CPAN | |
2042 | \& rsync://ftp.crihan.fr::CPAN | |
2043 | \& ftp.gwdg.de::FTP/languages/perl/CPAN/ | |
2044 | \& ftp.leo.org::CPAN | |
2045 | \& ftp.cbn.net.id::CPAN | |
2046 | \& rsync://ftp.heanet.ie/mirrors/ftp.perl.org/pub/CPAN | |
2047 | \& ftp.iglu.org.il::CPAN | |
2048 | \& gusp.dyndns.org::cpan | |
2049 | \& ftp.kddlabs.co.jp::cpan | |
2050 | \& ftp.ayamura.org::pub/CPAN/ | |
2051 | \& mirror.leafbug.org::CPAN | |
2052 | \& rsync.en.com.sg::CPAN | |
2053 | \& mirror.averse.net::cpan | |
2054 | \& rsync.oss.eznetsols.org | |
2055 | \& ftp.kr.FreeBSD.org::CPAN | |
2056 | \& ftp.solnet.ch::CPAN | |
2057 | \& cpan.cdpa.nsysu.edu.tw::CPAN | |
2058 | \& cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN | |
2059 | \& rsync://rsync.mirror.anlx.net::CPAN | |
2060 | \& ftp.sedl.org::cpan | |
2061 | \& ibiblio.org::CPAN | |
2062 | \& cpan-du.viaverio.com::CPAN | |
2063 | \& aniani.ifa.hawaii.edu::CPAN | |
2064 | \& archive.progeny.com::CPAN | |
2065 | \& rsync://slugsite.louisville.edu::CPAN | |
2066 | \& mirror.aphix.com::CPAN | |
2067 | \& cpan.teleglobe.net::CPAN | |
2068 | \& ftp.lug.udel.edu::cpan | |
2069 | \& mirrors.kernel.org::mirrors/CPAN | |
2070 | \& mirrors.phenominet.com::CPAN | |
2071 | \& cpan.pair.com::CPAN | |
2072 | \& cpan-sj.viaverio.com::CPAN | |
2073 | \& mirror.csit.fsu.edu::CPAN | |
2074 | \& csociety-ftp.ecn.purdue.edu::CPAN | |
2075 | .Ve | |
2076 | .PP | |
2077 | For an up-to-date listing of \s-1CPAN\s0 sites, | |
2078 | see http://www.cpan.org/SITES or ftp://www.cpan.org/SITES . | |
2079 | .SH "Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse" | |
2080 | .IX Header "Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse" | |
2081 | (The following section is borrowed directly from Tim Bunce's modules | |
2082 | file, available at your nearest \s-1CPAN\s0 site.) | |
2083 | .PP | |
2084 | Perl implements a class using a package, but the presence of a | |
2085 | package doesn't imply the presence of a class. A package is just a | |
2086 | namespace. A class is a package that provides subroutines that can be | |
2087 | used as methods. A method is just a subroutine that expects, as its | |
2088 | first argument, either the name of a package (for \*(L"static\*(R" methods), | |
2089 | or a reference to something (for \*(L"virtual\*(R" methods). | |
2090 | .PP | |
2091 | A module is a file that (by convention) provides a class of the same | |
2092 | name (sans the .pm), plus an import method in that class that can be | |
2093 | called to fetch exported symbols. This module may implement some of | |
2094 | its methods by loading dynamic C or \*(C+ objects, but that should be | |
2095 | totally transparent to the user of the module. Likewise, the module | |
2096 | might set up an \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0 function to slurp in subroutine definitions on | |
2097 | demand, but this is also transparent. Only the \fI.pm\fR file is required to | |
2098 | exist. See perlsub, perltoot, and AutoLoader for details about | |
2099 | the \s-1AUTOLOAD\s0 mechanism. | |
2100 | .Sh "Guidelines for Module Creation" | |
2101 | .IX Subsection "Guidelines for Module Creation" | |
2102 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2103 | Do similar modules already exist in some form? | |
2104 | .Sp | |
2105 | If so, please try to reuse the existing modules either in whole or | |
2106 | by inheriting useful features into a new class. If this is not | |
2107 | practical try to get together with the module authors to work on | |
2108 | extending or enhancing the functionality of the existing modules. | |
2109 | A perfect example is the plethora of packages in perl4 for dealing | |
2110 | with command line options. | |
2111 | .Sp | |
2112 | If you are writing a module to expand an already existing set of | |
2113 | modules, please coordinate with the author of the package. It | |
2114 | helps if you follow the same naming scheme and module interaction | |
2115 | scheme as the original author. | |
2116 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2117 | Try to design the new module to be easy to extend and reuse. | |
2118 | .Sp | |
2119 | Try to \f(CW\*(C`use warnings;\*(C'\fR (or \f(CW\*(C`use warnings qw(...);\*(C'\fR). | |
2120 | Remember that you can add \f(CW\*(C`no warnings qw(...);\*(C'\fR to individual blocks | |
2121 | of code that need less warnings. | |
2122 | .Sp | |
2123 | Use blessed references. Use the two argument form of bless to bless | |
2124 | into the class name given as the first parameter of the constructor, | |
2125 | e.g.,: | |
2126 | .Sp | |
2127 | .Vb 4 | |
2128 | \& sub new { | |
2129 | \& my $class = shift; | |
2130 | \& return bless {}, $class; | |
2131 | \& } | |
2132 | .Ve | |
2133 | .Sp | |
2134 | or even this if you'd like it to be used as either a static | |
2135 | or a virtual method. | |
2136 | .Sp | |
2137 | .Vb 5 | |
2138 | \& sub new { | |
2139 | \& my $self = shift; | |
2140 | \& my $class = ref($self) || $self; | |
2141 | \& return bless {}, $class; | |
2142 | \& } | |
2143 | .Ve | |
2144 | .Sp | |
2145 | Pass arrays as references so more parameters can be added later | |
2146 | (it's also faster). Convert functions into methods where | |
2147 | appropriate. Split large methods into smaller more flexible ones. | |
2148 | Inherit methods from other modules if appropriate. | |
2149 | .Sp | |
2150 | Avoid class name tests like: \f(CW\*(C`die "Invalid" unless ref $ref eq 'FOO'\*(C'\fR. | |
2151 | Generally you can delete the \f(CW\*(C`eq 'FOO'\*(C'\fR part with no harm at all. | |
2152 | Let the objects look after themselves! Generally, avoid hard-wired | |
2153 | class names as far as possible. | |
2154 | .Sp | |
2155 | Avoid \f(CW\*(C`$r\->Class::func()\*(C'\fR where using \f(CW\*(C`@ISA=qw(... Class ...)\*(C'\fR and | |
2156 | \&\f(CW\*(C`$r\->func()\*(C'\fR would work (see perlbot for more details). | |
2157 | .Sp | |
2158 | Use autosplit so little used or newly added functions won't be a | |
2159 | burden to programs that don't use them. Add test functions to | |
2160 | the module after _\|_END_\|_ either using AutoSplit or by saying: | |
2161 | .Sp | |
2162 | .Vb 1 | |
2163 | \& eval join('',<main::DATA>) || die $@ unless caller(); | |
2164 | .Ve | |
2165 | .Sp | |
2166 | Does your module pass the 'empty subclass' test? If you say | |
2167 | \&\f(CW\*(C`@SUBCLASS::ISA = qw(YOURCLASS);\*(C'\fR your applications should be able | |
2168 | to use \s-1SUBCLASS\s0 in exactly the same way as \s-1YOURCLASS\s0. For example, | |
2169 | does your application still work if you change: \f(CW\*(C`$obj = new YOURCLASS;\*(C'\fR | |
2170 | into: \f(CW\*(C`$obj = new SUBCLASS;\*(C'\fR ? | |
2171 | .Sp | |
2172 | Avoid keeping any state information in your packages. It makes it | |
2173 | difficult for multiple other packages to use yours. Keep state | |
2174 | information in objects. | |
2175 | .Sp | |
2176 | Always use \fB\-w\fR. | |
2177 | .Sp | |
2178 | Try to \f(CW\*(C`use strict;\*(C'\fR (or \f(CW\*(C`use strict qw(...);\*(C'\fR). | |
2179 | Remember that you can add \f(CW\*(C`no strict qw(...);\*(C'\fR to individual blocks | |
2180 | of code that need less strictness. | |
2181 | .Sp | |
2182 | Always use \fB\-w\fR. | |
2183 | .Sp | |
2184 | Follow the guidelines in the \fIperlstyle\fR\|(1) manual. | |
2185 | .Sp | |
2186 | Always use \fB\-w\fR. | |
2187 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2188 | Some simple style guidelines | |
2189 | .Sp | |
2190 | The perlstyle manual supplied with Perl has many helpful points. | |
2191 | .Sp | |
2192 | Coding style is a matter of personal taste. Many people evolve their | |
2193 | style over several years as they learn what helps them write and | |
2194 | maintain good code. Here's one set of assorted suggestions that | |
2195 | seem to be widely used by experienced developers: | |
2196 | .Sp | |
2197 | Use underscores to separate words. It is generally easier to read | |
2198 | \&\f(CW$var_names_like_this\fR than \f(CW$VarNamesLikeThis\fR, especially for | |
2199 | non-native speakers of English. It's also a simple rule that works | |
2200 | consistently with \s-1VAR_NAMES_LIKE_THIS\s0. | |
2201 | .Sp | |
2202 | Package/Module names are an exception to this rule. Perl informally | |
2203 | reserves lowercase module names for 'pragma' modules like integer | |
2204 | and strict. Other modules normally begin with a capital letter and | |
2205 | use mixed case with no underscores (need to be short and portable). | |
2206 | .Sp | |
2207 | You may find it helpful to use letter case to indicate the scope | |
2208 | or nature of a variable. For example: | |
2209 | .Sp | |
2210 | .Vb 3 | |
2211 | \& $ALL_CAPS_HERE constants only (beware clashes with Perl vars) | |
2212 | \& $Some_Caps_Here package-wide global/static | |
2213 | \& $no_caps_here function scope my() or local() variables | |
2214 | .Ve | |
2215 | .Sp | |
2216 | Function and method names seem to work best as all lowercase. | |
2217 | e.g., \f(CW\*(C`$obj\->as_string()\*(C'\fR. | |
2218 | .Sp | |
2219 | You can use a leading underscore to indicate that a variable or | |
2220 | function should not be used outside the package that defined it. | |
2221 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2222 | Select what to export. | |
2223 | .Sp | |
2224 | Do \s-1NOT\s0 export method names! | |
2225 | .Sp | |
2226 | Do \s-1NOT\s0 export anything else by default without a good reason! | |
2227 | .Sp | |
2228 | Exports pollute the namespace of the module user. If you must | |
2229 | export try to use \f(CW@EXPORT_OK\fR in preference to \f(CW@EXPORT\fR and avoid | |
2230 | short or common names to reduce the risk of name clashes. | |
2231 | .Sp | |
2232 | Generally anything not exported is still accessible from outside the | |
2233 | module using the ModuleName::item_name (or \f(CW\*(C`$blessed_ref\->method\*(C'\fR) | |
2234 | syntax. By convention you can use a leading underscore on names to | |
2235 | indicate informally that they are 'internal' and not for public use. | |
2236 | .Sp | |
2237 | (It is actually possible to get private functions by saying: | |
2238 | \&\f(CW\*(C`my $subref = sub { ... }; &$subref;\*(C'\fR. But there's no way to call that | |
2239 | directly as a method, because a method must have a name in the symbol | |
2240 | table.) | |
2241 | .Sp | |
2242 | As a general rule, if the module is trying to be object oriented | |
2243 | then export nothing. If it's just a collection of functions then | |
2244 | \&\f(CW@EXPORT_OK\fR anything but use \f(CW@EXPORT\fR with caution. | |
2245 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2246 | Select a name for the module. | |
2247 | .Sp | |
2248 | This name should be as descriptive, accurate, and complete as | |
2249 | possible. Avoid any risk of ambiguity. Always try to use two or | |
2250 | more whole words. Generally the name should reflect what is special | |
2251 | about what the module does rather than how it does it. Please use | |
2252 | nested module names to group informally or categorize a module. | |
2253 | There should be a very good reason for a module not to have a nested name. | |
2254 | Module names should begin with a capital letter. | |
2255 | .Sp | |
2256 | Having 57 modules all called Sort will not make life easy for anyone | |
2257 | (though having 23 called Sort::Quick is only marginally better :\-). | |
2258 | Imagine someone trying to install your module alongside many others. | |
2259 | If in any doubt ask for suggestions in comp.lang.perl.misc. | |
2260 | .Sp | |
2261 | If you are developing a suite of related modules/classes it's good | |
2262 | practice to use nested classes with a common prefix as this will | |
2263 | avoid namespace clashes. For example: Xyz::Control, Xyz::View, | |
2264 | Xyz::Model etc. Use the modules in this list as a naming guide. | |
2265 | .Sp | |
2266 | If adding a new module to a set, follow the original author's | |
2267 | standards for naming modules and the interface to methods in | |
2268 | those modules. | |
2269 | .Sp | |
2270 | If developing modules for private internal or project specific use, | |
2271 | that will never be released to the public, then you should ensure | |
2272 | that their names will not clash with any future public module. You | |
2273 | can do this either by using the reserved Local::* category or by | |
2274 | using a category name that includes an underscore like Foo_Corp::*. | |
2275 | .Sp | |
2276 | To be portable each component of a module name should be limited to | |
2277 | 11 characters. If it might be used on MS-DOS then try to ensure each is | |
2278 | unique in the first 8 characters. Nested modules make this easier. | |
2279 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2280 | Have you got it right? | |
2281 | .Sp | |
2282 | How do you know that you've made the right decisions? Have you | |
2283 | picked an interface design that will cause problems later? Have | |
2284 | you picked the most appropriate name? Do you have any questions? | |
2285 | .Sp | |
2286 | The best way to know for sure, and pick up many helpful suggestions, | |
2287 | is to ask someone who knows. Comp.lang.perl.misc is read by just about | |
2288 | all the people who develop modules and it's the best place to ask. | |
2289 | .Sp | |
2290 | All you need to do is post a short summary of the module, its | |
2291 | purpose and interfaces. A few lines on each of the main methods is | |
2292 | probably enough. (If you post the whole module it might be ignored | |
2293 | by busy people \- generally the very people you want to read it!) | |
2294 | .Sp | |
2295 | Don't worry about posting if you can't say when the module will be | |
2296 | ready \- just say so in the message. It might be worth inviting | |
2297 | others to help you, they may be able to complete it for you! | |
2298 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2299 | \&\s-1README\s0 and other Additional Files. | |
2300 | .Sp | |
2301 | It's well known that software developers usually fully document the | |
2302 | software they write. If, however, the world is in urgent need of | |
2303 | your software and there is not enough time to write the full | |
2304 | documentation please at least provide a \s-1README\s0 file containing: | |
2305 | .RS 4 | |
2306 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2307 | A description of the module/package/extension etc. | |
2308 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2309 | A copyright notice \- see below. | |
2310 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2311 | Prerequisites \- what else you may need to have. | |
2312 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2313 | How to build it \- possible changes to Makefile.PL etc. | |
2314 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2315 | How to install it. | |
2316 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2317 | Recent changes in this release, especially incompatibilities | |
2318 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2319 | Changes / enhancements you plan to make in the future. | |
2320 | .RE | |
2321 | .RS 4 | |
2322 | .Sp | |
2323 | If the \s-1README\s0 file seems to be getting too large you may wish to | |
2324 | split out some of the sections into separate files: \s-1INSTALL\s0, | |
2325 | Copying, ToDo etc. | |
2326 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2327 | Adding a Copyright Notice. | |
2328 | .Sp | |
2329 | How you choose to license your work is a personal decision. | |
2330 | The general mechanism is to assert your Copyright and then make | |
2331 | a declaration of how others may copy/use/modify your work. | |
2332 | .Sp | |
2333 | Perl, for example, is supplied with two types of licence: The \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1GPL\s0 | |
2334 | and The Artistic Licence (see the files \s-1README\s0, Copying, and Artistic, | |
2335 | or perlgpl and perlartistic). Larry has good reasons for \s-1NOT\s0 | |
2336 | just using the \s-1GNU\s0 \s-1GPL\s0. | |
2337 | .Sp | |
2338 | My personal recommendation, out of respect for Larry, Perl, and the | |
2339 | Perl community at large is to state something simply like: | |
2340 | .Sp | |
2341 | .Vb 3 | |
2342 | \& Copyright (c) 1995 Your Name. All rights reserved. | |
2343 | \& This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | |
2344 | \& modify it under the same terms as Perl itself. | |
2345 | .Ve | |
2346 | .Sp | |
2347 | This statement should at least appear in the \s-1README\s0 file. You may | |
2348 | also wish to include it in a Copying file and your source files. | |
2349 | Remember to include the other words in addition to the Copyright. | |
2350 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2351 | Give the module a version/issue/release number. | |
2352 | .Sp | |
2353 | To be fully compatible with the Exporter and MakeMaker modules you | |
2354 | should store your module's version number in a non-my package | |
2355 | variable called \f(CW$VERSION\fR. This should be a floating point | |
2356 | number with at least two digits after the decimal (i.e., hundredths, | |
2357 | e.g, \f(CW\*(C`$VERSION = "0.01"\*(C'\fR). Don't use a \*(L"1.3.2\*(R" style version. | |
2358 | See Exporter for details. | |
2359 | .Sp | |
2360 | It may be handy to add a function or method to retrieve the number. | |
2361 | Use the number in announcements and archive file names when | |
2362 | releasing the module (ModuleName\-1.02.tar.Z). | |
2363 | See perldoc ExtUtils::MakeMaker.pm for details. | |
2364 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2365 | How to release and distribute a module. | |
2366 | .Sp | |
2367 | It's good idea to post an announcement of the availability of your | |
2368 | module (or the module itself if small) to the comp.lang.perl.announce | |
2369 | Usenet newsgroup. This will at least ensure very wide once-off | |
2370 | distribution. | |
2371 | .Sp | |
2372 | If possible, register the module with \s-1CPAN\s0. You should | |
2373 | include details of its location in your announcement. | |
2374 | .Sp | |
2375 | Some notes about ftp archives: Please use a long descriptive file | |
2376 | name that includes the version number. Most incoming directories | |
2377 | will not be readable/listable, i.e., you won't be able to see your | |
2378 | file after uploading it. Remember to send your email notification | |
2379 | message as soon as possible after uploading else your file may get | |
2380 | deleted automatically. Allow time for the file to be processed | |
2381 | and/or check the file has been processed before announcing its | |
2382 | location. | |
2383 | .Sp | |
2384 | \&\s-1FTP\s0 Archives for Perl Modules: | |
2385 | .Sp | |
2386 | Follow the instructions and links on: | |
2387 | .Sp | |
2388 | .Vb 2 | |
2389 | \& http://www.cpan.org/modules/00modlist.long.html | |
2390 | \& http://www.cpan.org/modules/04pause.html | |
2391 | .Ve | |
2392 | .Sp | |
2393 | or upload to one of these sites: | |
2394 | .Sp | |
2395 | .Vb 2 | |
2396 | \& https://pause.kbx.de/pause/ | |
2397 | \& http://pause.perl.org/pause/ | |
2398 | .Ve | |
2399 | .Sp | |
2400 | and notify <modules@perl.org>. | |
2401 | .Sp | |
2402 | By using the \s-1WWW\s0 interface you can ask the Upload Server to mirror | |
2403 | your modules from your ftp or \s-1WWW\s0 site into your own directory on | |
2404 | \&\s-1CPAN\s0! | |
2405 | .Sp | |
2406 | Please remember to send me an updated entry for the Module list! | |
2407 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2408 | Take care when changing a released module. | |
2409 | .Sp | |
2410 | Always strive to remain compatible with previous released versions. | |
2411 | Otherwise try to add a mechanism to revert to the | |
2412 | old behavior if people rely on it. Document incompatible changes. | |
2413 | .RE | |
2414 | .RS 4 | |
2415 | .RE | |
2416 | .Sh "Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules" | |
2417 | .IX Subsection "Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules" | |
2418 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2419 | There is no requirement to convert anything. | |
2420 | .Sp | |
2421 | If it ain't broke, don't fix it! Perl 4 library scripts should | |
2422 | continue to work with no problems. You may need to make some minor | |
2423 | changes (like escaping non-array @'s in double quoted strings) but | |
2424 | there is no need to convert a .pl file into a Module for just that. | |
2425 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2426 | Consider the implications. | |
2427 | .Sp | |
2428 | All Perl applications that make use of the script will need to | |
2429 | be changed (slightly) if the script is converted into a module. Is | |
2430 | it worth it unless you plan to make other changes at the same time? | |
2431 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2432 | Make the most of the opportunity. | |
2433 | .Sp | |
2434 | If you are going to convert the script to a module you can use the | |
2435 | opportunity to redesign the interface. The guidelines for module | |
2436 | creation above include many of the issues you should consider. | |
2437 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2438 | The pl2pm utility will get you started. | |
2439 | .Sp | |
2440 | This utility will read *.pl files (given as parameters) and write | |
2441 | corresponding *.pm files. The pl2pm utilities does the following: | |
2442 | .RS 4 | |
2443 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2444 | Adds the standard Module prologue lines | |
2445 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2446 | Converts package specifiers from ' to :: | |
2447 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2448 | Converts die(...) to croak(...) | |
2449 | .IP "\(bu" 10 | |
2450 | Several other minor changes | |
2451 | .RE | |
2452 | .RS 4 | |
2453 | .Sp | |
2454 | Being a mechanical process pl2pm is not bullet proof. The converted | |
2455 | code will need careful checking, especially any package statements. | |
2456 | Don't delete the original .pl file till the new .pm one works! | |
2457 | .RE | |
2458 | .Sh "Guidelines for Reusing Application Code" | |
2459 | .IX Subsection "Guidelines for Reusing Application Code" | |
2460 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2461 | Complete applications rarely belong in the Perl Module Library. | |
2462 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2463 | Many applications contain some Perl code that could be reused. | |
2464 | .Sp | |
2465 | Help save the world! Share your code in a form that makes it easy | |
2466 | to reuse. | |
2467 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2468 | Break-out the reusable code into one or more separate module files. | |
2469 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2470 | Take the opportunity to reconsider and redesign the interfaces. | |
2471 | .IP "\(bu" 4 | |
2472 | In some cases the 'application' can then be reduced to a small | |
2473 | .Sp | |
2474 | fragment of code built on top of the reusable modules. In these cases | |
2475 | the application could invoked as: | |
2476 | .Sp | |
2477 | .Vb 3 | |
2478 | \& % perl -e 'use Module::Name; method(@ARGV)' ... | |
2479 | \&or | |
2480 | \& % perl -mModule::Name ... (in perl5.002 or higher) | |
2481 | .Ve | |
2482 | .SH "NOTE" | |
2483 | .IX Header "NOTE" | |
2484 | Perl does not enforce private and public parts of its modules as you may | |
2485 | have been used to in other languages like \*(C+, Ada, or Modula\-17. Perl | |
2486 | doesn't have an infatuation with enforced privacy. It would prefer | |
2487 | that you stayed out of its living room because you weren't invited, not | |
2488 | because it has a shotgun. | |
2489 | .PP | |
2490 | The module and its user have a contract, part of which is common law, | |
2491 | and part of which is \*(L"written\*(R". Part of the common law contract is | |
2492 | that a module doesn't pollute any namespace it wasn't asked to. The | |
2493 | written contract for the module (A.K.A. documentation) may make other | |
2494 | provisions. But then you know when you \f(CW\*(C`use RedefineTheWorld\*(C'\fR that | |
2495 | you're redefining the world and willing to take the consequences. |