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<H2><A NAME="SECTION00131620000000000000000">
11.16.2 Server Objects</A>
</H2>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3548' xml:id='l2h-3548' class="function">fileno</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Return an integer file descriptor for the socket on which the server
is listening.  This function is most commonly passed to
<tt class="function">select.select()</tt>, to allow monitoring multiple servers in the
same process.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3549' xml:id='l2h-3549' class="function">handle_request</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Process a single request.  This function calls the following methods
in order: <tt class="method">get_request()</tt>, <tt class="method">verify_request()</tt>, and
<tt class="method">process_request()</tt>.  If the user-provided <tt class="method">handle()</tt>
method of the handler class raises an exception, the server's
<tt class="method">handle_error()</tt> method will be called.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3550' xml:id='l2h-3550' class="function">serve_forever</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Handle an infinite number of requests.  This simply calls
<tt class="method">handle_request()</tt> inside an infinite loop.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3551' xml:id='l2h-3551'>address_family</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The family of protocols to which the server's socket belongs.
<tt class="constant">socket.AF_INET</tt> and <tt class="constant">socket.AF_UNIX</tt> are two
possible values.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3552' xml:id='l2h-3552'>RequestHandlerClass</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The user-provided request handler class; an instance of this class is
created for each request.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3553' xml:id='l2h-3553'>server_address</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The address on which the server is listening.  The format of addresses
varies depending on the protocol family; see the documentation for the
socket module for details.  For Internet protocols, this is a tuple
containing a string giving the address, and an integer port number:
<code>('127.0.0.1', 80)</code>, for example.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3554' xml:id='l2h-3554'>socket</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The socket object on which the server will listen for incoming requests.
</dd></dl>

<P>
The server classes support the following class variables:

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3555' xml:id='l2h-3555'>allow_reuse_address</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
Whether the server will allow the reuse of an address. This defaults
to <tt class="constant">False</tt>, and can be set in subclasses to change the policy.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3556' xml:id='l2h-3556'>request_queue_size</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The size of the request queue.  If it takes a long time to process a
single request, any requests that arrive while the server is busy are
placed into a queue, up to <tt class="member">request_queue_size</tt> requests.  Once
the queue is full, further requests from clients will get a
``Connection denied'' error.  The default value is usually 5, but this
can be overridden by subclasses.
</dd></dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-3557' xml:id='l2h-3557'>socket_type</tt></b></dt>
<dd>
The type of socket used by the server; <tt class="constant">socket.SOCK_STREAM</tt>
and <tt class="constant">socket.SOCK_DGRAM</tt> are two possible values.
</dd></dl>

<P>
There are various server methods that can be overridden by subclasses
of base server classes like <tt class="class">TCPServer</tt>; these methods aren't
useful to external users of the server object.

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3558' xml:id='l2h-3558' class="function">finish_request</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Actually processes the request by instantiating
<tt class="member">RequestHandlerClass</tt> and calling its <tt class="method">handle()</tt> method.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3559' xml:id='l2h-3559' class="function">get_request</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Must accept a request from the socket, and return a 2-tuple containing
the <em>new</em> socket object to be used to communicate with the
client, and the client's address.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3560' xml:id='l2h-3560' class="function">handle_error</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>request, client_address</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
This function is called if the <tt class="member">RequestHandlerClass</tt>'s
<tt class="method">handle()</tt> method raises an exception.  The default action is
to print the traceback to standard output and continue handling
further requests.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3561' xml:id='l2h-3561' class="function">process_request</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>request, client_address</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Calls <tt class="method">finish_request()</tt> to create an instance of the
<tt class="member">RequestHandlerClass</tt>.  If desired, this function can create a
new process or thread to handle the request; the <tt class="class">ForkingMixIn</tt>
and <tt class="class">ThreadingMixIn</tt> classes do this.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3562' xml:id='l2h-3562' class="function">server_activate</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Called by the server's constructor to activate the server.  The default
behavior just <tt class="method">listen</tt>s to the server's socket.
May be overridden.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3563' xml:id='l2h-3563' class="function">server_bind</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Called by the server's constructor to bind the socket to the desired
address.  May be overridden.
</dl>

<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
  <td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-3564' xml:id='l2h-3564' class="function">verify_request</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
  <td><var>request, client_address</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Must return a Boolean value; if the value is <tt class="constant">True</tt>, the request will be
processed, and if it's <tt class="constant">False</tt>, the request will be denied.
This function can be overridden to implement access controls for a server.
The default implementation always returns <tt class="constant">True</tt>.
</dl>

<P>

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<span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span>
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