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<H2><A NAME=
"SECTION0014240000000000000000">
12.2.4 Creating email and MIME objects from scratch
</A>
Ordinarily, you get a message object structure by passing a file or
some text to a parser, which parses the text and returns the root
message object. However you can also build a complete message
structure from scratch, or even individual
<tt class=
"class">Message
</tt> objects by
hand. In fact, you can also take an existing structure and add new
<tt class=
"class">Message
</tt> objects, move them around, etc. This makes a very
convenient interface for slicing-and-dicing MIME messages.
You can create a new object structure by creating
<tt class=
"class">Message
</tt>
instances, adding attachments and all the appropriate headers manually.
For MIME messages though, the
<tt class=
"module">email
</tt> package provides some
convenient subclasses to make things easier. Each of these classes
should be imported from a module with the same name as the class, from
within the
<tt class=
"module">email
</tt> package. E.g.:
<div class=
"verbatim"><pre>
import email.MIMEImage.MIMEImage
<div class=
"verbatim"><pre>
from email.MIMEText import MIMEText
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3891' xml:id='l2h-
3891'
class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var>_maintype, _subtype, **_params
</var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
This is the base class for all the MIME-specific subclasses of
<tt class=
"class">Message
</tt>. Ordinarily you won't create instances specifically
of
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt>, although you could.
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt> is provided
primarily as a convenient base class for more specific MIME-aware
<var>_maintype
</var> is the
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> major type
(e.g.
<span class=
"mimetype">text
</span> or
<span class=
"mimetype">image
</span>), and
<var>_subtype
</var> is the
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> minor type
(e.g.
<span class=
"mimetype">plain
</span> or
<span class=
"mimetype">gif
</span>).
<var>_params
</var> is a parameter
key/value dictionary and is passed directly to
<tt class=
"method">Message.add_header()
</tt>.
The
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt> class always adds a
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> header
(based on
<var>_maintype
</var>,
<var>_subtype
</var>, and
<var>_params
</var>), and a
<span class=
"mailheader">MIME-Version:
</span> header (always set to
<code>1.0</code>).
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3892' xml:id='l2h-
3892'
class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt>, this is an intermediate base class for
MIME messages that are not
<span class=
"mimetype">multipart
</span>. The primary purpose
of this class is to prevent the use of the
<tt class=
"method">attach()
</tt> method,
which only makes sense for
<span class=
"mimetype">multipart
</span> messages. If
<tt class=
"method">attach()
</tt> is called, a
<tt class=
"exception">MultipartConversionError
</tt>
<span class=
"versionnote">New in version
2.2.2.
</span>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3893' xml:id='l2h-
3893'
class=
"class">MIMEMultipart
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var></var><big>[
</big><var>subtype
</var><big>[
</big><var>,
boundary
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _subparts
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _params
</var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt>, this is an intermediate base class for
MIME messages that are
<span class=
"mimetype">multipart
</span>. Optional
<var>_subtype
</var>
defaults to
<span class=
"mimetype">mixed
</span>, but can be used to specify the subtype
of the message. A
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> header of
<span class=
"mimetype">multipart/
</span><var>_subtype
</var> will be added to the message
object. A
<span class=
"mailheader">MIME-Version:
</span> header will also be added.
Optional
<var>boundary
</var> is the multipart boundary string. When
<code>None
</code> (the default), the boundary is calculated when needed.
<var>_subparts
</var> is a sequence of initial subparts for the payload. It
must be possible to convert this sequence to a list. You can always
attach new subparts to the message by using the
<tt class=
"method">Message.attach()
</tt> method.
Additional parameters for the
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> header are
taken from the keyword arguments, or passed into the
<var>_params
</var>
argument, which is a keyword dictionary.
<span class=
"versionnote">New in version
2.2.2.
</span>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3894' xml:id='l2h-
3894'
class=
"class">MIMEAudio
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var>_audiodata
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _subtype
</var><big>[
</big><var>,
_encoder
</var><big>[
</big><var>, **_params
</var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt>, the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEAudio
</tt> class
is used to create MIME message objects of major type
<span class=
"mimetype">audio
</span>.
<var>_audiodata
</var> is a string containing the raw audio data. If this
data can be decoded by the standard Python module
<tt class=
"module"><a href=
"module-sndhdr.html">sndhdr
</a></tt>,
then the subtype will be automatically included in the
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> header. Otherwise you can explicitly specify the
audio subtype via the
<var>_subtype
</var> parameter. If the minor type could
not be guessed and
<var>_subtype
</var> was not given, then
<tt class=
"exception">TypeError
</tt>
Optional
<var>_encoder
</var> is a callable (i.e. function) which will
perform the actual encoding of the audio data for transport. This
callable takes one argument, which is the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEAudio
</tt> instance.
It should use
<tt class=
"method">get_payload()
</tt> and
<tt class=
"method">set_payload()
</tt> to
change the payload to encoded form. It should also add any
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding:
</span> or other headers to the message
object as necessary. The default encoding is base64. See the
<tt class=
"module"><a href=
"module-email.Encoders.html">email.Encoders
</a></tt> module for a list of the built-in encoders.
<var>_params
</var> are passed straight through to the base class constructor.
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3895' xml:id='l2h-
3895'
class=
"class">MIMEImage
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var>_imagedata
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _subtype
</var><big>[
</big><var>,
_encoder
</var><big>[
</big><var>, **_params
</var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt>, the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEImage
</tt> class is
used to create MIME message objects of major type
<span class=
"mimetype">image
</span>.
<var>_imagedata
</var> is a string containing the raw image data. If this
data can be decoded by the standard Python module
<tt class=
"module"><a href=
"module-imghdr.html">imghdr
</a></tt>,
then the subtype will be automatically included in the
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Type:
</span> header. Otherwise you can explicitly specify the
image subtype via the
<var>_subtype
</var> parameter. If the minor type could
not be guessed and
<var>_subtype
</var> was not given, then
<tt class=
"exception">TypeError
</tt>
Optional
<var>_encoder
</var> is a callable (i.e. function) which will
perform the actual encoding of the image data for transport. This
callable takes one argument, which is the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEImage
</tt> instance.
It should use
<tt class=
"method">get_payload()
</tt> and
<tt class=
"method">set_payload()
</tt> to
change the payload to encoded form. It should also add any
<span class=
"mailheader">Content-Transfer-Encoding:
</span> or other headers to the message
object as necessary. The default encoding is base64. See the
<tt class=
"module"><a href=
"module-email.Encoders.html">email.Encoders
</a></tt> module for a list of the built-in encoders.
<var>_params
</var> are passed straight through to the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEBase
</tt>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3896' xml:id='l2h-
3896'
class=
"class">MIMEMessage
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var>_msg
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _subtype
</var><big>]
</big><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt>, the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEMessage
</tt> class
is used to create MIME objects of main type
<span class=
"mimetype">message
</span>.
<var>_msg
</var> is used as the payload, and must be an instance of class
<tt class=
"class">Message
</tt> (or a subclass thereof), otherwise a
<tt class=
"exception">TypeError
</tt> is raised.
Optional
<var>_subtype
</var> sets the subtype of the message; it defaults
to
<span class=
"mimetype">rfc822
</span>.
<dl><dt><table cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"0"><tr valign=
"baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class=
"typelabel">class
</span> <tt id='l2h-
3897' xml:id='l2h-
3897'
class=
"class">MIMEText
</tt></b>(
</nobr></td>
<td><var>_text
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _subtype
</var><big>[
</big><var>, _charset
</var><big>]
</big><var></var><big>]
</big><var></var>)
</td></tr></table></dt>
A subclass of
<tt class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt>, the
<tt class=
"class">MIMEText
</tt> class is
used to create MIME objects of major type
<span class=
"mimetype">text
</span>.
<var>_text
</var> is the string for the payload.
<var>_subtype
</var> is the
minor type and defaults to
<span class=
"mimetype">plain
</span>.
<var>_charset
</var> is the
character set of the text and is passed as a parameter to the
<tt class=
"class">MIMENonMultipart
</tt> constructor; it defaults to
<code>us-ascii
</code>. No
guessing or encoding is performed on the text data.
<span class=
"versionnote">Changed in version
2.4:
The previously deprecated
<var>_encoding
</var> argument has
been removed. Encoding happens implicitly based on the
<var>_charset
</var>
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<span class=
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2.4.2, documentation updated on
28 September
2005.
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