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<H2><A NAME="SECTION009230000000000000000"></A><A NAME="socket-example"></A>
<BR>
7.2.3 Example
</H2>

<P>
Here are four minimal example programs using the TCP/IP protocol: a
server that echoes all data that it receives back (servicing only one
client), and a client using it.  Note that a server must perform the
sequence <tt class="function">socket()</tt>, <tt class="method">bind()</tt>, <tt class="method">listen()</tt>,
<tt class="method">accept()</tt> (possibly repeating the <tt class="method">accept()</tt> to service
more than one client), while a client only needs the sequence
<tt class="function">socket()</tt>, <tt class="method">connect()</tt>.  Also note that the server
does not <tt class="method">send()</tt>/<tt class="method">recv()</tt> on the
socket it is listening on but on the new socket returned by
<tt class="method">accept()</tt>.

<P>
The first two examples support IPv4 only.

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
# Echo server program
import socket

HOST = ''                 # Symbolic name meaning the local host
PORT = 50007              # Arbitrary non-privileged port
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((HOST, PORT))
s.listen(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'Connected by', addr
while 1:
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    if not data: break
    conn.send(data)
conn.close()
</pre></div>

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
# Echo client program
import socket

HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl'    # The remote host
PORT = 50007              # The same port as used by the server
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((HOST, PORT))
s.send('Hello, world')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.close()
print 'Received', repr(data)
</pre></div>

<P>
The next two examples are identical to the above two, but support both
IPv4 and IPv6.
The server side will listen to the first address family available
(it should listen to both instead).
On most of IPv6-ready systems, IPv6 will take precedence
and the server may not accept IPv4 traffic.
The client side will try to connect to the all addresses returned as a result
of the name resolution, and sends traffic to the first one connected
successfully.

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
# Echo server program
import socket
import sys

HOST = ''                 # Symbolic name meaning the local host
PORT = 50007              # Arbitrary non-privileged port
s = None
for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM, 0, socket.AI_PASSIVE):
    af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
    try:
        s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
    except socket.error, msg:
        s = None
        continue
    try:
        s.bind(sa)
        s.listen(1)
    except socket.error, msg:
        s.close()
        s = None
        continue
    break
if s is None:
    print 'could not open socket'
    sys.exit(1)
conn, addr = s.accept()
print 'Connected by', addr
while 1:
    data = conn.recv(1024)
    if not data: break
    conn.send(data)
conn.close()
</pre></div>

<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
# Echo client program
import socket
import sys

HOST = 'daring.cwi.nl'    # The remote host
PORT = 50007              # The same port as used by the server
s = None
for res in socket.getaddrinfo(HOST, PORT, socket.AF_UNSPEC, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
    af, socktype, proto, canonname, sa = res
    try:
        s = socket.socket(af, socktype, proto)
    except socket.error, msg:
        s = None
        continue
    try:
        s.connect(sa)
    except socket.error, msg:
        s.close()
        s = None
        continue
    break
if s is None:
    print 'could not open socket'
    sys.exit(1)
s.send('Hello, world')
data = s.recv(1024)
s.close()
print 'Received', repr(data)
</pre></div>

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<span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span>
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