# !!!!!!! DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE !!!!!!!
# This file is autogenerated by buildtoc from all the other pods.
# Edit those files and run buildtoc --build-toc to effect changes.
perltoc - perl documentation table of contents
This page provides a brief table of contents for the rest of the Perl
documentation set. It is meant to be scanned quickly or grepped
through to locate the proper section you're looking for.
=head1 BASIC DOCUMENTATION
=head2 perl - Practical Extraction and Report Language
=item Internals and C Language Interface
=head2 perlintro -- a brief introduction and overview of Perl
=item Running Perl programs
=item Basic syntax overview
=item Perl variable types
=item Conditional and looping constructs
=item Builtin operators and functions
Arithmetic, Numeric comparison, String comparison, Boolean logic,
=item Regular expressions
Simple matching, Simple substitution, More complex regular expressions,
Parentheses for capturing, Other regexp features
=item Writing subroutines
=head2 perlreftut - Mark's very short tutorial about references
=item Who Needs Complicated Data Structures?
=item Distribution Conditions
=head2 perldsc - Perl Data Structures Cookbook
arrays of arrays, hashes of arrays, arrays of hashes, hashes of hashes,
more elaborate constructs
X<reference> X<dereference> X<dereferencing> X<pointer>
=item CAVEAT ON PRECEDENCE
X<dereference, precedence> X<dereferencing, precedence>
=item WHY YOU SHOULD ALWAYS C<use strict>
X<data structure, debugging> X<complex data structure, debugging>
X<AoA, debugging> X<HoA, debugging> X<AoH, debugging> X<HoH, debugging>
X<array of arrays, debugging> X<hash of arrays, debugging>
X<array of hashes, debugging> X<hash of hashes, debugging>
X<array of arrays> X<AoA>
=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Generation of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF ARRAYS
=item Declaration of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=item Generation of a HASH OF ARRAYS
=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF ARRAYS
X<array of hashes> X<AoH>
=item Declaration of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Generation of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Access and Printing of an ARRAY OF HASHES
=item Declaration of a HASH OF HASHES
=item Generation of a HASH OF HASHES
=item Access and Printing of a HASH OF HASHES
=item MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
X<record> X<structure> X<struct>
=item Declaration of MORE ELABORATE RECORDS
=item Declaration of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=item Generation of a HASH OF COMPLEX RECORDS
=head2 perllol - Manipulating Arrays of Arrays in Perl
=item Declaration and Access of Arrays of Arrays
=item Access and Printing
=head2 perlrequick - Perl regular expressions quick start
=item Simple word matching
=item Using character classes
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
=item Matching repetitions
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlretut - Perl regular expressions tutorial
=item Simple word matching
=item Using character classes
=item Matching this or that
=item Grouping things and hierarchical matching
=item Matching repetitions
=item Using regular expressions in Perl
=item Part 2: Power tools
=item More on characters, strings, and character classes
=item Compiling and saving regular expressions
=item Embedding comments and modifiers in a regular expression
=item Non-capturing groupings
=item Looking ahead and looking behind
=item Using independent subexpressions to prevent backtracking
=item Conditional expressions
=item A bit of magic: executing Perl code in a regular expression
=item Pragmas and debugging
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlboot - Beginner's Object-Oriented Tutorial
=item If we could talk to the animals...
=item Introducing the method invocation arrow
=item Invoking a barnyard
=item The extra parameter of method invocation
=item Calling a second method to simplify things
=item Inheriting the windpipes
=item A few notes about @ISA
=item Overriding the methods
=item Starting the search from a different place
=item The SUPER way of doing things
=item Where we're at so far...
=item A horse is a horse, of course of course -- or is it?
=item Invoking an instance method
=item Accessing the instance data
=item How to build a horse
=item Inheriting the constructor
=item Making a method work with either classes or instances
=item Adding parameters to a method
=item More interesting instances
=item A horse of a different color
=head2 perltoot - Tom's object-oriented tutorial for perl
=item Object Representation
=item Constructors and Instance Methods
=item Planning for the Future: Better Constructors
=item Other Object Methods
=item Accessing Class Data
=item Documenting the Interface
=item Multiple Inheritance
=item UNIVERSAL: The Root of All Objects
=item Alternate Object Representations
=item Closures as Objects
=item AUTOLOAD: Proxy Methods
=item Autoloaded Data Methods
=item Inherited Autoloaded Data Methods
=item Metaclassical Tools
=item Data Members as Variables
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perltooc - Tom's OO Tutorial for Class Data in Perl
=item Class Data in a Can
=item Class Data as Package Variables
=item Putting All Your Eggs in One Basket
=item Inheritance Concerns
=item The Eponymous Meta-Object
=item Indirect References to Class Data
=item Translucent Attributes
=item Class Data as Lexical Variables
=item Privacy and Responsibility
=item File-Scoped Lexicals
=item More Inheritance Concerns
=item Locking the Door and Throwing Away the Key
=item Translucency Revisited
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlbot - Bag'o Object Tricks (the BOT)
=item SCALAR INSTANCE VARIABLES
=item INSTANCE VARIABLE INHERITANCE
=item OBJECT RELATIONSHIPS
=item OVERRIDING SUPERCLASS METHODS
=item USING RELATIONSHIP WITH SDBM
=item THINKING OF CODE REUSE
=item CLASS CONTEXT AND THE OBJECT
=item INHERITING A CONSTRUCTOR
=head2 perlstyle - Perl style guide
=head2 perlcheat - Perl 5 Cheat Sheet
=head2 perltrap - Perl traps for the unwary
=item Perl4 to Perl5 Traps
Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps, Parsing Traps, Numerical
Traps, General data type traps, Context Traps - scalar, list contexts,
Precedence Traps, General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc,
Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps, OS Traps, DBM Traps, Unclassified Traps
=item Discontinuance, Deprecation, and BugFix traps
Symbols starting with "_" no longer forced into main, Double-colon valid
package separator in variable name, 2nd and 3rd args to C<splice()> are now
in scalar context, Can't do C<goto> into a block that is optimized away,
Can't use whitespace as variable name or quote delimiter, C<while/if BLOCK
BLOCK> gone, C<**> binds tighter than unary minus, C<foreach> changed when
iterating over a list, C<split> with no args behavior changed, B<-e>
behavior fixed, C<push> returns number of elements in resulting list, Some
error messages differ, C<split()> honors subroutine args, Bugs removed
Space between . and = triggers syntax error, Better parsing in perl 5,
Function parsing, String interpolation of C<$#array> differs, Perl guesses
on C<map>, C<grep> followed by C<{> if it starts BLOCK or hash ref
Formatted output and significant digits, Auto-increment operator over
signed int limit deleted, Assignment of return values from numeric equality
tests doesn't work, Bitwise string ops
=item General data type traps
Negative array subscripts now count from the end of array, Setting
C<$#array> lower now discards array elements, Hashes get defined before
use, Glob assignment from localized variable to variable, Assigning
C<undef> to glob, Changes in unary negation (of strings), Modifying of
constants prohibited, C<defined $var> behavior changed, Variable Suicide
=item Context Traps - scalar, list contexts
Elements of argument lists for formats evaluated in list context,
C<caller()> returns false value in scalar context if no caller present,
Comma operator in scalar context gives scalar context to args, C<sprintf()>
LHS vs. RHS of any assignment operator, Semantic errors introduced due to
precedence, Precedence of assignment operators same as the precedence of
assignment, C<open> requires parentheses around filehandle, C<$:>
precedence over C<$::> gone, Precedence of file test operators documented,
C<keys>, C<each>, C<values> are regular named unary operators
=item General Regular Expression Traps using s///, etc.
C<s'$lhs'$rhs'> interpolates on either side, C<m//g> attaches its state to
the searched string, C<m//o> used within an anonymous sub, C<$+> isn't set
to whole match, Substitution now returns null string if it fails,
C<s`lhs`rhs`> is now a normal substitution, Stricter parsing of variables
in regular expressions, C<m?x?> matches only once, Failed matches don't
reset the match variables
=item Subroutine, Signal, Sorting Traps
Barewords that used to look like strings look like subroutine calls,
Reverse is no longer allowed as the name of a sort subroutine, C<warn()>
won't let you specify a filehandle
SysV resets signal handler correctly, SysV C<seek()> appends correctly
=item Interpolation Traps
C<@> always interpolates an array in double-quotish strings, Double-quoted
strings may no longer end with an unescaped $, Arbitrary expressions are
evaluated inside braces within double quotes, C<$$x> now tries to
dereference $x, Creation of hashes on the fly with C<eval "EXPR"> requires
protection, Bugs in earlier perl versions, Array and hash brackets during
interpolation, Interpolation of C<\$$foo{bar}>, C<qq()> string passed to
C<eval> will not find string terminator
Perl5 must have been linked with same dbm/ndbm as the default for
C<dbmopen()>, DBM exceeding limit on the key/value size will cause perl5 to
C<require>/C<do> trap using returned value, C<split> on empty string with
=head2 perldebtut - Perl debugging tutorial
=item Looking at data and -w and v
=item Stepping through code
=item Placeholder for a, w, t, T
=item REGULAR EXPRESSIONS
=head2 perlfaq - frequently asked questions about Perl ($Date: 2005/12/30
=item Where to get the perlfaq
=item How to contribute to the perlfaq
=item What will happen if you mail your Perl programming problems to the
=item Author and Copyright Information
=item Bundled Distributions
perlfaq - this document, perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl, perlfaq2
- Obtaining and Learning about Perl, perlfaq3 - Programming Tools, perlfaq4
- Data Manipulation, perlfaq5 - Files and Formats, perlfaq6 - Regular
Expressions, perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues, perlfaq8 - System
Interaction, perlfaq9 - Networking
=item L<perlfaq1>: General Questions About Perl
=item L<perlfaq2>: Obtaining and Learning about Perl
=item L<perlfaq3>: Programming Tools
=item L<perlfaq4>: Data Manipulation
=item L<perlfaq5>: Files and Formats
=item L<perlfaq6>: Regular Expressions
=item L<perlfaq7>: General Perl Language Issues
=item L<perlfaq8>: System Interaction
=item L<perlfaq9>: Networking
=head2 perlfaq1 - General Questions About Perl ($Revision: 1.19 $, $Date:
=item Who supports Perl? Who develops it? Why is it free?
=item Which version of Perl should I use?
=item What are perl4, perl5, or perl6?
=item How stable is Perl?
=item Is Perl difficult to learn?
=item How does Perl compare with other languages like Java, Python, REXX,
=item Can I do [task] in Perl?
=item When shouldn't I program in Perl?
=item What's the difference between "perl" and "Perl"?
=item Is it a Perl program or a Perl script?
=item Where can I get a list of Larry Wall witticisms?
=item How can I convince my sysadmin/supervisor/employees to use version
5/5.6.1/Perl instead of some other language?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq2 - Obtaining and Learning about Perl ($Revision: 1.38 $,
$Date: 2005/12/31 00:54:37 $)
=item What machines support perl? Where do I get it?
=item How can I get a binary version of perl?
=item I don't have a C compiler. How can I build my own Perl interpreter?
=item I copied the perl binary from one machine to another, but scripts
=item I grabbed the sources and tried to compile but gdbm/dynamic
loading/malloc/linking/... failed. How do I make it work?
=item What modules and extensions are available for Perl? What is CPAN?
What does CPAN/src/... mean?
=item Is there an ISO or ANSI certified version of Perl?
=item Where can I get information on Perl?
=item What are the Perl newsgroups on Usenet? Where do I post questions?
=item Where should I post source code?
References, Tutorials, Task-Oriented, Special Topics
=item Perl on the Net: FTP and WWW Access
=item What mailing lists are there for Perl?
=item Archives of comp.lang.perl.misc
=item Where can I buy a commercial version of perl?
=item Where do I send bug reports?
=item What is perl.com? Perl Mongers? pm.org? perl.org? cpan.org?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq3 - Programming Tools ($Revision: 1.56 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
=item How do I do (anything)?
=item How can I use Perl interactively?
=item Is there a Perl shell?
=item How do I find which modules are installed on my system?
=item How do I debug my Perl programs?
=item How do I profile my Perl programs?
=item How do I cross-reference my Perl programs?
=item Is there a pretty-printer (formatter) for Perl?
=item Is there a ctags for Perl?
=item Is there an IDE or Windows Perl Editor?
Eclipse, Enginsite, Komodo, Open Perl IDE, OptiPerl, PerlBuilder,
visiPerl+, Visual Perl, Zeus, GNU Emacs, MicroEMACS, XEmacs, Jed, Elvis,
Vile, Vim, Codewright, MultiEdit, SlickEdit, Bash, Ksh, Tcsh, Zsh, Affrus,
Alpha, BBEdit and BBEdit Lite
=item Where can I get Perl macros for vi?
=item Where can I get perl-mode for emacs?
=item How can I use curses with Perl?
=item How can I use X or Tk with Perl?
=item How can I make my Perl program run faster?
=item How can I make my Perl program take less memory?
Don't slurp!, Use map and grep selectively, Avoid unnecessary quotes and
stringification, Pass by reference, Tie large variables to disk
=item Is it safe to return a reference to local or lexical data?
=item How can I free an array or hash so my program shrinks?
=item How can I make my CGI script more efficient?
=item How can I hide the source for my Perl program?
=item How can I compile my Perl program into byte code or C?
=item How can I compile Perl into Java?
=item How can I get C<#!perl> to work on [MS-DOS,NT,...]?
=item Can I write useful Perl programs on the command line?
=item Why don't Perl one-liners work on my DOS/Mac/VMS system?
=item Where can I learn about CGI or Web programming in Perl?
=item Where can I learn about object-oriented Perl programming?
=item Where can I learn about linking C with Perl?
=item I've read perlembed, perlguts, etc., but I can't embed perl in my C
program; what am I doing wrong?
=item When I tried to run my script, I got this message. What does it mean?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq4 - Data Manipulation ($Revision: 1.73 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
=item Why am I getting long decimals (eg, 19.9499999999999) instead of the
numbers I should be getting (eg, 19.95)?
=item Why is int() broken?
=item Why isn't my octal data interpreted correctly?
=item Does Perl have a round() function? What about ceil() and floor()?
=item How do I convert between numeric representations/bases/radixes?
How do I convert hexadecimal into decimal, How do I convert from decimal to
hexadecimal, How do I convert from octal to decimal, How do I convert from
decimal to octal, How do I convert from binary to decimal, How do I convert
=item Why doesn't & work the way I want it to?
=item How do I multiply matrices?
=item How do I perform an operation on a series of integers?
=item How can I output Roman numerals?
=item Why aren't my random numbers random?
=item How do I get a random number between X and Y?
=item How do I find the day or week of the year?
=item How do I find the current century or millennium?
=item How can I compare two dates and find the difference?
=item How can I take a string and turn it into epoch seconds?
=item How can I find the Julian Day?
=item How do I find yesterday's date?
=item Does Perl have a Year 2000 problem? Is Perl Y2K compliant?
=item How do I validate input?
=item How do I unescape a string?
=item How do I remove consecutive pairs of characters?
=item How do I expand function calls in a string?
=item How do I find matching/nesting anything?
=item How do I reverse a string?
=item How do I expand tabs in a string?
=item How do I reformat a paragraph?
=item How can I access or change N characters of a string?
=item How do I change the Nth occurrence of something?
=item How can I count the number of occurrences of a substring within a
=item How do I capitalize all the words on one line?
=item How can I split a [character] delimited string except when inside
=item How do I strip blank space from the beginning/end of a string?
=item How do I pad a string with blanks or pad a number with zeroes?
=item How do I extract selected columns from a string?
=item How do I find the soundex value of a string?
=item How can I expand variables in text strings?
=item What's wrong with always quoting "$vars"?
=item Why don't my E<lt>E<lt>HERE documents work?
There must be no space after the E<lt>E<lt> part, There (probably) should
be a semicolon at the end, You can't (easily) have any space in front of
=item What is the difference between a list and an array?
=item What is the difference between $array[1] and @array[1]?
=item How can I remove duplicate elements from a list or array?
=item How can I tell whether a certain element is contained in a list or
=item How do I compute the difference of two arrays? How do I compute the
intersection of two arrays?
=item How do I test whether two arrays or hashes are equal?
=item How do I find the first array element for which a condition is true?
=item How do I handle linked lists?
=item How do I handle circular lists?
=item How do I shuffle an array randomly?
=item How do I process/modify each element of an array?
=item How do I select a random element from an array?
=item How do I permute N elements of a list?
=item How do I sort an array by (anything)?
=item How do I manipulate arrays of bits?
=item Why does defined() return true on empty arrays and hashes?
=item Data: Hashes (Associative Arrays)
=item How do I process an entire hash?
=item What happens if I add or remove keys from a hash while iterating over
=item How do I look up a hash element by value?
=item How can I know how many entries are in a hash?
=item How do I sort a hash (optionally by value instead of key)?
=item How can I always keep my hash sorted?
=item What's the difference between "delete" and "undef" with hashes?
=item Why don't my tied hashes make the defined/exists distinction?
=item How do I reset an each() operation part-way through?
=item How can I get the unique keys from two hashes?
=item How can I store a multidimensional array in a DBM file?
=item How can I make my hash remember the order I put elements into it?
=item Why does passing a subroutine an undefined element in a hash create
=item How can I make the Perl equivalent of a C structure/C++ class/hash or
array of hashes or arrays?
=item How can I use a reference as a hash key?
=item How do I handle binary data correctly?
=item How do I determine whether a scalar is a number/whole/integer/float?
=item How do I keep persistent data across program calls?
=item How do I print out or copy a recursive data structure?
=item How do I define methods for every class/object?
=item How do I verify a credit card checksum?
=item How do I pack arrays of doubles or floats for XS code?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq5 - Files and Formats ($Revision: 1.42 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
=item How do I flush/unbuffer an output filehandle? Why must I do this?
X<flush> X<buffer> X<unbuffer> X<autoflush>
=item How do I change one line in a file/delete a line in a file/insert a
line in the middle of a file/append to the beginning of a file?
=item How do I count the number of lines in a file?
X<file, counting lines> X<lines> X<line>
=item How can I use Perl's C<-i> option from within a program?
=item How can I copy a file?
=item How do I make a temporary file name?
=item How can I manipulate fixed-record-length files?
X<fixed-length> X<file, fixed-length records>
=item How can I make a filehandle local to a subroutine? How do I pass
filehandles between subroutines? How do I make an array of filehandles?
X<filehandle, local> X<filehandle, passing> X<filehandle, reference>
=item How can I use a filehandle indirectly?
=item How can I set up a footer format to be used with write()?
=item How can I write() into a string?
=item How can I output my numbers with commas added?
=item How can I translate tildes (~) in a filename?
X<tilde> X<tilde expansion>
=item How come when I open a file read-write it wipes it out?
X<clobber> X<read-write> X<clobbering> X<truncate> X<truncating>
=item Why do I sometimes get an "Argument list too long" when I use
X<argument list too long>
=item Is there a leak/bug in glob()?
=item How can I open a file with a leading ">" or trailing blanks?
X<filename, special characters>
=item How can I reliably rename a file?
X<rename> X<mv> X<move> X<file, rename> X<ren>
=item How can I lock a file?
X<lock> X<file, lock> X<flock>
=item Why can't I just open(FH, "E<gt>file.lock")?
X<lock, lockfile race condition>
=item I still don't get locking. I just want to increment the number in
the file. How can I do this?
X<counter> X<file, counter>
=item All I want to do is append a small amount of text to the end of a
file. Do I still have to use locking?
X<append> X<file, append>
=item How do I randomly update a binary file?
=item How do I get a file's timestamp in perl?
X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
=item How do I set a file's timestamp in perl?
X<timestamp> X<file, timestamp>
=item How do I print to more than one file at once?
X<print, to multiple files>
=item How can I read in an entire file all at once?
X<slurp> X<file, slurping>
=item How can I read in a file by paragraphs?
X<file, reading by paragraphs>
=item How can I read a single character from a file? From the keyboard?
X<getc> X<file, reading one character at a time>
=item How can I tell whether there's a character waiting on a filehandle?
=item How do I do a C<tail -f> in perl?
=item How do I dup() a filehandle in Perl?
=item How do I close a file descriptor by number?
X<file, closing file descriptors>
=item Why can't I use "C:\temp\foo" in DOS paths? Why doesn't
=item Why doesn't glob("*.*") get all the files?
=item Why does Perl let me delete read-only files? Why does C<-i> clobber
protected files? Isn't this a bug in Perl?
=item How do I select a random line from a file?
X<file, selecting a random line>
=item Why do I get weird spaces when I print an array of lines?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq6 - Regular Expressions ($Revision: 1.38 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
=item How can I hope to use regular expressions without creating illegible
X<regex, legibility> X<regexp, legibility>
X<regular expression, legibility> X</x>
Comments Outside the Regex, Comments Inside the Regex, Different Delimiters
=item I'm having trouble matching over more than one line. What's wrong?
X<regex, multiline> X<regexp, multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>
=item How can I pull out lines between two patterns that are themselves on
=item I put a regular expression into $/ but it didn't work. What's wrong?
X<$/, regexes in> X<$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, regexes in>
=item How do I substitute case insensitively on the LHS while preserving
X<replace, case preserving> X<substitute, case preserving>
X<substitution, case preserving> X<s, case preserving>
=item How can I make C<\w> match national character sets?
=item How can I match a locale-smart version of C</[a-zA-Z]/>?
=item How can I quote a variable to use in a regex?
X<regex, escaping> X<regexp, escaping> X<regular expression, escaping>
=item What is C</o> really for?
=item How do I use a regular expression to strip C style comments from a
=item Can I use Perl regular expressions to match balanced text?
X<regex, matching balanced test> X<regexp, matching balanced test>
X<regular expression, matching balanced test>
=item What does it mean that regexes are greedy? How can I get around it?
=item How do I process each word on each line?
=item How can I print out a word-frequency or line-frequency summary?
=item How can I do approximate matching?
X<match, approximate> X<matching, approximate>
=item How do I efficiently match many regular expressions at once?
X<regex, efficiency> X<regexp, efficiency>
X<regular expression, efficiency>
=item Why don't word-boundary searches with C<\b> work for me?
=item Why does using $&, $`, or $' slow my program down?
X<$MATCH> X<$&> X<$POSTMATCH> X<$'> X<$PREMATCH> X<$`>
=item What good is C<\G> in a regular expression?
=item Are Perl regexes DFAs or NFAs? Are they POSIX compliant?
=item What's wrong with using grep in a void context?
=item How can I match strings with multibyte characters?
X<regex, and multibyte characters> X<regexp, and multibyte characters>
X<regular expression, and multibyte characters>
=item How do I match a pattern that is supplied by the user?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq7 - General Perl Language Issues ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date:
=item Can I get a BNF/yacc/RE for the Perl language?
=item What are all these $@%&* punctuation signs, and how do I know when to
=item Do I always/never have to quote my strings or use semicolons and
=item How do I skip some return values?
=item How do I temporarily block warnings?
=item What's an extension?
=item Why do Perl operators have different precedence than C operators?
=item How do I declare/create a structure?
=item How do I create a module?
=item How do I create a class?
=item How can I tell if a variable is tainted?
=item What is variable suicide and how can I prevent it?
=item How can I pass/return a {Function, FileHandle, Array, Hash, Method,
Passing Variables and Functions, Passing Filehandles, Passing Regexes,
=item How do I create a static variable?
=item What's the difference between dynamic and lexical (static) scoping?
Between local() and my()?
=item How can I access a dynamic variable while a similarly named lexical
=item What's the difference between deep and shallow binding?
=item Why doesn't "my($foo) = E<lt>FILEE<gt>;" work right?
=item How do I redefine a builtin function, operator, or method?
=item What's the difference between calling a function as &foo and foo()?
=item How do I create a switch or case statement?
=item How can I catch accesses to undefined variables, functions, or
=item Why can't a method included in this same file be found?
=item How can I find out my current package?
=item How can I comment out a large block of perl code?
=item How do I clear a package?
=item How can I use a variable as a variable name?
=item What does "bad interpreter" mean?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq8 - System Interaction ($Revision: 1.27 $, $Date: 2005/12/31
=item How do I find out which operating system I'm running under?
=item How come exec() doesn't return?
=item How do I do fancy stuff with the keyboard/screen/mouse?
=item How do I print something out in color?
=item How do I read just one key without waiting for a return key?
=item How do I check whether input is ready on the keyboard?
=item How do I clear the screen?
=item How do I get the screen size?
=item How do I ask the user for a password?
=item How do I read and write the serial port?
lockfiles, open mode, end of line, flushing output, non-blocking input
=item How do I decode encrypted password files?
=item How do I start a process in the background?
STDIN, STDOUT, and STDERR are shared, Signals, Zombies
=item How do I trap control characters/signals?
=item How do I modify the shadow password file on a Unix system?
=item How do I set the time and date?
=item How can I sleep() or alarm() for under a second?
=item How can I measure time under a second?
=item How can I do an atexit() or setjmp()/longjmp()? (Exception handling)
=item Why doesn't my sockets program work under System V (Solaris)? What
does the error message "Protocol not supported" mean?
=item How can I call my system's unique C functions from Perl?
=item Where do I get the include files to do ioctl() or syscall()?
=item Why do setuid perl scripts complain about kernel problems?
=item How can I open a pipe both to and from a command?
=item Why can't I get the output of a command with system()?
=item How can I capture STDERR from an external command?
=item Why doesn't open() return an error when a pipe open fails?
=item What's wrong with using backticks in a void context?
=item How can I call backticks without shell processing?
=item Why can't my script read from STDIN after I gave it EOF (^D on Unix,
=item How can I convert my shell script to perl?
=item Can I use perl to run a telnet or ftp session?
=item How can I write expect in Perl?
=item Is there a way to hide perl's command line from programs such as
=item I {changed directory, modified my environment} in a perl script. How
come the change disappeared when I exited the script? How do I get my
=item How do I close a process's filehandle without waiting for it to
=item How do I fork a daemon process?
=item How do I find out if I'm running interactively or not?
=item How do I timeout a slow event?
=item How do I set CPU limits?
=item How do I avoid zombies on a Unix system?
=item How do I use an SQL database?
=item How do I make a system() exit on control-C?
=item How do I open a file without blocking?
=item How do I tell the difference between errors from the shell and perl?
=item How do I install a module from CPAN?
=item What's the difference between require and use?
=item How do I keep my own module/library directory?
=item How do I add the directory my program lives in to the module/library
=item How do I add a directory to my include path (@INC) at runtime?
=item What is socket.ph and where do I get it?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlfaq9 - Networking ($Revision: 1.28 $, $Date: 2005/12/31 00:54:37
=item What is the correct form of response from a CGI script?
=item My CGI script runs from the command line but not the browser. (500
=item How can I get better error messages from a CGI program?
=item How do I remove HTML from a string?
=item How do I extract URLs?
=item How do I download a file from the user's machine? How do I open a
=item How do I make a pop-up menu in HTML?
=item How do I fetch an HTML file?
=item How do I automate an HTML form submission?
=item How do I decode or create those %-encodings on the web?
=item How do I redirect to another page?
=item How do I put a password on my web pages?
=item How do I edit my .htpasswd and .htgroup files with Perl?
=item How do I make sure users can't enter values into a form that cause my
CGI script to do bad things?
=item How do I parse a mail header?
=item How do I decode a CGI form?
=item How do I check a valid mail address?
=item How do I decode a MIME/BASE64 string?
=item How do I return the user's mail address?
=item How do I send mail?
=item How do I use MIME to make an attachment to a mail message?
=item How do I read mail?
=item How do I find out my hostname, domainname, or IP address?
X<hostname, domainname, IP address, host, domain, hostfqdn, inet_ntoa,
gethostbyname, Socket, Net::Domain, Sys::Hostname>
=item How do I fetch a news article or the active newsgroups?
=item How do I fetch/put an FTP file?
=item How can I do RPC in Perl?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlsyn - Perl syntax
X<declaration> X<undef> X<undefined> X<uninitialized>
X<statement> X<semicolon> X<expression> X<;>
=item Truth and Falsehood
X<truth> X<falsehood> X<true> X<false> X<!> X<not> X<negation> X<0>
=item Statement Modifiers
X<statement modifier> X<modifier> X<if> X<unless> X<while>
X<until> X<foreach> X<for>
=item Compound Statements
X<statement, compound> X<block> X<bracket, curly> X<curly bracket> X<brace>
X<{> X<}> X<if> X<unless> X<while> X<until> X<foreach> X<for> X<continue>
X<loop control> X<loop, control> X<next> X<last> X<redo> X<continue>
=item Basic BLOCKs and Switch Statements
X<switch> X<block> X<case>
=item PODs: Embedded Documentation
=item Plain Old Comments (Not!)
X<comment> X<line> X<#> X<preprocessor> X<eval>
=head2 perldata - Perl data types
X<variable, name> X<variable name> X<data type> X<type>
X<context> X<scalar context> X<list context>
X<scalar> X<number> X<string> X<reference>
=item Scalar value constructors
X<scalar, literal> X<scalar, constant>
=item List value constructors
X<slice> X<array, slice> X<hash, slice>
=item Typeglobs and Filehandles
X<typeglob> X<filehandle> X<*>
=head2 perlop - Perl operators and precedence
=item Operator Precedence and Associativity
X<operator, precedence> X<precedence> X<associativity>
=item Terms and List Operators (Leftward)
X<list operator> X<operator, list> X<term>
X<arrow> X<dereference> X<< -> >>
=item Auto-increment and Auto-decrement
X<increment> X<auto-increment> X<++> X<decrement> X<auto-decrement> X<-->
X<**> X<exponentiation> X<power>
=item Symbolic Unary Operators
X<unary operator> X<operator, unary>
X<binding> X<operator, binding> X<=~> X<!~>
=item Multiplicative Operators
X<operator, multiplicative>
X<shift operator> X<operator, shift> X<<< << >>>
X<<< >> >>> X<right shift> X<left shift> X<bitwise shift>
X<shl> X<shr> X<shift, right> X<shift, left>
=item Named Unary Operators
=item Relational Operators
X<relational operator> X<operator, relational>
X<equality> X<equal> X<equals> X<operator, equality>
X<operator, bitwise, and> X<bitwise and> X<&>
=item Bitwise Or and Exclusive Or
X<operator, bitwise, or> X<bitwise or> X<|> X<operator, bitwise, xor>
=item C-style Logical And
X<&&> X<logical and> X<operator, logical, and>
X<||> X<operator, logical, or>
X<operator, range> X<range> X<..> X<...>
=item Conditional Operator
X<operator, conditional> X<operator, ternary> X<ternary> X<?:>
=item Assignment Operators
X<assignment> X<operator, assignment> X<=> X<**=> X<+=> X<*=> X<&=>
X<<< <<= >>> X<&&=> X<-=> X</=> X<|=> X<<< >>= >>> X<||=> X<.=>
X<comma> X<operator, comma> X<,>
=item List Operators (Rightward)
X<operator, list, rightward> X<list operator>
X<operator, logical, not> X<not>
X<operator, logical, and> X<and>
=item Logical or and Exclusive Or
X<operator, logical, or> X<operator, logical, xor> X<operator, logical,
X<operator, logical, defined or> X<operator, logical, exclusive or>
=item C Operators Missing From Perl
X<operator, missing from perl> X<&> X<*>
=item Quote and Quote-like Operators
X<operator, quote> X<operator, quote-like> X<q> X<qq> X<qx> X<qw> X<m>
X<qr> X<s> X<tr> X<'> X<''> X<"> X<""> X<//> X<`> X<``> X<<< << >>>
X<escape sequence> X<escape>
=item Regexp Quote-Like Operators
?PATTERN? X<?>, m/PATTERN/cgimosx X<m> X<operator, match> X<regexp,
options> X<regexp> X<regex, options> X<regex> X</c> X</i> X</m> X</o>
X</s> X</x>, /PATTERN/cgimosx, q/STRING/ X<q> X<quote, double> X<'> X<''>,
C<'STRING'>, qq/STRING/ X<qq> X<quote, double> X<"> X<"">, "STRING",
qr/STRING/imosx X<qr> X</i> X</m> X</o> X</s> X</x>, qx/STRING/ X<qx> X<`>
X<``> X<backtick>, `STRING`, qw/STRING/ X<qw> X<quote, list> X<quote,
words>, s/PATTERN/REPLACEMENT/egimosx X<substitute> X<substitution>
X<replace> X<regexp, replace> X<regexp, substitute> X</e> X</g> X</i> X</m>
X</o> X</s> X</x>, tr/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds X<tr> X<y>
X<transliterate> X</c> X</d> X</s>, y/SEARCHLIST/REPLACEMENTLIST/cds, <<EOF
X<here-doc> X<heredoc> X<here-document> X<<< << >>>
=item Gory details of parsing quoted constructs
Finding the end, Removal of backslashes before delimiters, Interpolation
X<interpolation>, C<<<'EOF'>, C<m''>, C<s'''>, C<tr///>, C<y///>, C<''>,
C<q//>, C<"">, C<``>, C<qq//>, C<qx//>, C<< <file*glob> >>, C<?RE?>,
C</RE/>, C<m/RE/>, C<s/RE/foo/>,, Interpolation of regular expressions
X<regexp, interpolation>, Optimization of regular expressions X<regexp,
X<operator, i/o> X<operator, io> X<io> X<while> X<filehandle>
X<constant folding> X<folding>
=item Bitwise String Operators
X<operator, bitwise, string>
=item Floating-point Arithmetic
X<floating-point> X<floating point> X<float> X<real>
X<number, arbitrary precision>
=head2 perlsub - Perl subroutines
=item Private Variables via my()
X<my> X<variable, lexical> X<lexical> X<lexical variable> X<scope, lexical>
X<lexical scope> X<attributes, my>
=item Persistent Private Variables
X<static> X<variable, persistent> X<variable, static> X<closure>
=item Temporary Values via local()
X<local> X<scope, dynamic> X<dynamic scope> X<variable, local>
X<lvalue> X<subroutine, lvalue>
Lvalue subroutines are EXPERIMENTAL
=item Passing Symbol Table Entries (typeglobs)
=item When to Still Use local()
X<local> X<variable, local>
X<pass by reference> X<pass-by-reference> X<reference>
X<prototype> X<subroutine, prototype>
=item Overriding Built-in Functions
X<built-in> X<override> X<CORE> X<CORE::GLOBAL>
X<autoloading> X<AUTOLOAD>
=item Subroutine Attributes
X<attribute> X<subroutine, attribute> X<attrs>
=head2 perlfunc - Perl builtin functions
=item Perl Functions by Category
Functions for SCALARs or strings X<scalar> X<string> X<character>, Regular
expressions and pattern matching X<regular expression> X<regex> X<regexp>,
Numeric functions X<numeric> X<number> X<trigonometric> X<trigonometry>,
Functions for real @ARRAYs X<array>, Functions for list data X<list>,
Functions for real %HASHes X<hash>, Input and output functions X<I/O>
X<input> X<output> X<dbm>, Functions for fixed length data or records,
Functions for filehandles, files, or directories X<file> X<filehandle>
X<directory> X<pipe> X<link> X<symlink>, Keywords related to the control
flow of your Perl program X<control flow>, Keywords related to scoping,
Miscellaneous functions, Functions for processes and process groups
X<process> X<pid> X<process id>, Keywords related to perl modules
X<module>, Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness X<object>
X<class> X<package>, Low-level socket functions X<socket> X<sock>, System V
interprocess communication functions X<IPC> X<System V> X<semaphore>
X<shared memory> X<memory> X<message>, Fetching user and group info X<user>
X<group> X<password> X<uid> X<gid> X<passwd> X</etc/passwd>, Fetching
network info X<network> X<protocol> X<host> X<hostname> X<IP> X<address>
X<service>, Time-related functions X<time> X<date>, Functions new in perl5
X<perl5>, Functions obsoleted in perl5
X<portability> X<Unix> X<portable>
=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
X<-r>X<-w>X<-x>X<-o>X<-R>X<-W>X<-X>X<-O>X<-e>X<-z>X<-s>X<-f>X<-d>X<-l>X<-p>
X<-S>X<-b>X<-c>X<-t>X<-u>X<-g>X<-k>X<-T>X<-B>X<-M>X<-A>X<-C>, -I<X> EXPR,
-I<X>, abs VALUE X<abs> X<absolute>, abs, accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET
X<accept>, alarm SECONDS X<alarm> X<SIGALRM> X<timer>, alarm, atan2 Y,X
X<atan2> X<arctangent> X<tan> X<tangent>, bind SOCKET,NAME X<bind>, binmode
FILEHANDLE, LAYER X<binmode> X<binary> X<text> X<DOS> X<Windows>, binmode
FILEHANDLE, bless REF,CLASSNAME X<bless>, bless REF, caller EXPR X<caller>
X<call stack> X<stack> X<stack trace>, caller, chdir EXPR X<chdir> X<cd>,
chdir FILEHANDLE, chdir DIRHANDLE, chdir, chmod LIST X<chmod> X<permission>
X<mode>, chomp VARIABLE X<chomp> X<INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR> X<$/> X<newline>
X<eol>, chomp( LIST ), chomp, chop VARIABLE X<chop>, chop( LIST ), chop,
chown LIST X<chown> X<owner> X<user> X<group>, chr NUMBER X<chr>
X<character> X<ASCII> X<Unicode>, chr, chroot FILENAME X<chroot> X<root>,
chroot, close FILEHANDLE X<close>, close, closedir DIRHANDLE X<closedir>,
connect SOCKET,NAME X<connect>, continue BLOCK X<continue>, cos EXPR X<cos>
X<cosine> X<acos> X<arccosine>, cos, crypt PLAINTEXT,SALT X<crypt>
X<digest> X<hash> X<salt> X<plaintext> X<password> X<decrypt>
X<cryptography> X<passwd>, dbmclose HASH X<dbmclose>, dbmopen
HASH,DBNAME,MASK X<dbmopen> X<dbm> X<ndbm> X<sdbm> X<gdbm>, defined EXPR
X<defined> X<undef> X<undefined>, defined, delete EXPR X<delete>, die LIST
X<die> X<throw> X<exception> X<raise> X<$@> X<abort>, do BLOCK X<do>
X<block>, do SUBROUTINE(LIST) X<do>, do EXPR X<do>, dump LABEL X<dump>
X<core> X<undump>, dump, each HASH X<each> X<hash, iterator>, eof
FILEHANDLE X<eof> X<end of file> X<end-of-file>, eof (), eof, eval EXPR
X<eval> X<try> X<catch> X<evaluate> X<parse> X<execute>, eval BLOCK, eval,
exec LIST X<exec> X<execute>, exec PROGRAM LIST, exists EXPR X<exists>
X<autovivification>, exit EXPR X<exit> X<terminate> X<abort>, exit, exp
EXPR X<exp> X<exponential> X<antilog> X<antilogarithm> X<e>, exp, fcntl
FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<fcntl>, fileno FILEHANDLE X<fileno>, flock
FILEHANDLE,OPERATION X<flock> X<lock> X<locking>, fork X<fork> X<child>
X<parent>, format X<format>, formline PICTURE,LIST X<formline>, getc
FILEHANDLE X<getc> X<getchar>, getc, getlogin X<getlogin> X<login>,
getpeername SOCKET X<getpeername> X<peer>, getpgrp PID X<getpgrp> X<group>,
getppid X<getppid> X<parent> X<pid>, getpriority WHICH,WHO X<getpriority>
X<priority> X<nice>, getpwnam NAME X<getpwnam> X<getgrnam> X<gethostbyname>
X<getnetbyname> X<getprotobyname> X<getpwuid> X<getgrgid> X<getservbyname>
X<gethostbyaddr> X<getnetbyaddr> X<getprotobynumber> X<getservbyport>
X<getpwent> X<getgrent> X<gethostent> X<getnetent> X<getprotoent>
X<getservent> X<setpwent> X<setgrent> X<sethostent> X<setnetent>
X<setprotoent> X<setservent> X<endpwent> X<endgrent> X<endhostent>
X<endnetent> X<endprotoent> X<endservent>, getgrnam NAME, gethostbyname
NAME, getnetbyname NAME, getprotobyname NAME, getpwuid UID, getgrgid GID,
getservbyname NAME,PROTO, gethostbyaddr ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getnetbyaddr
ADDR,ADDRTYPE, getprotobynumber NUMBER, getservbyport PORT,PROTO, getpwent,
getgrent, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, setpwent,
setgrent, sethostent STAYOPEN, setnetent STAYOPEN, setprotoent STAYOPEN,
setservent STAYOPEN, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent, endnetent,
endprotoent, endservent, getsockname SOCKET X<getsockname>, getsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME X<getsockopt>, glob EXPR X<glob> X<wildcard>
X<filename, expansion> X<expand>, glob, gmtime EXPR X<gmtime> X<UTC>
X<Greenwich>, gmtime, goto LABEL X<goto> X<jump> X<jmp>, goto EXPR, goto
&NAME, grep BLOCK LIST X<grep>, grep EXPR,LIST, hex EXPR X<hex>
X<hexadecimal>, hex, import LIST X<import>, index STR,SUBSTR,POSITION
X<index> X<indexOf> X<InStr>, index STR,SUBSTR, int EXPR X<int> X<integer>
X<truncate> X<trunc>, int, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR X<ioctl>, join
EXPR,LIST X<join>, keys HASH X<keys> X<key>, kill SIGNAL, LIST X<kill>
X<signal>, last LABEL X<last> X<break>, last, lc EXPR X<lc> X<lowercase>,
lc, lcfirst EXPR X<lcfirst> X<lowercase>, lcfirst, length EXPR X<length>
X<size>, length, link OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<link>, listen SOCKET,QUEUESIZE
X<listen>, local EXPR X<local>, localtime EXPR X<localtime>, localtime,
lock THING X<lock>, log EXPR X<log> X<logarithm> X<e> X<ln> X<base>, log,
lstat EXPR X<lstat>, lstat, m//, map BLOCK LIST X<map>, map EXPR,LIST,
mkdir FILENAME,MASK X<mkdir> X<md> X<directory, create>, mkdir FILENAME,
msgctl ID,CMD,ARG X<msgctl>, msgget KEY,FLAGS X<msgget>, msgrcv
ID,VAR,SIZE,TYPE,FLAGS X<msgrcv>, msgsnd ID,MSG,FLAGS X<msgsnd>, my EXPR
X<my>, my TYPE EXPR, my EXPR : ATTRS, my TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, next LABEL
X<next> X<continue>, next, no Module VERSION LIST X<no>, no Module VERSION,
no Module LIST, no Module, oct EXPR X<oct> X<octal> X<hex> X<hexadecimal>
X<binary> X<bin>, oct, open FILEHANDLE,EXPR X<open> X<pipe> X<file, open>
X<fopen>, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR, open FILEHANDLE,MODE,EXPR,LIST, open
FILEHANDLE,MODE,REFERENCE, open FILEHANDLE, opendir DIRHANDLE,EXPR
X<opendir>, ord EXPR X<ord> X<encoding>, ord, our EXPR X<our> X<global>,
our EXPR TYPE, our EXPR : ATTRS, our TYPE EXPR : ATTRS, pack TEMPLATE,LIST
X<pack>, package NAMESPACE X<package> X<module> X<namespace>, package, pipe
READHANDLE,WRITEHANDLE X<pipe>, pop ARRAY X<pop> X<stack>, pop, pos SCALAR
X<pos> X<match, position>, pos, print FILEHANDLE LIST X<print>, print LIST,
print, printf FILEHANDLE FORMAT, LIST X<printf>, printf FORMAT, LIST,
prototype FUNCTION X<prototype>, push ARRAY,LIST X<push>, X<stack>,
q/STRING/, qq/STRING/, qr/STRING/, qx/STRING/, qw/STRING/, quotemeta EXPR
X<quotemeta> X<metacharacter>, quotemeta, rand EXPR X<rand> X<random>,
rand, read FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET X<read>, read
FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, readdir DIRHANDLE X<readdir>, readline EXPR
X<readline> X<gets> X<fgets>, readlink EXPR X<readlink>, readlink, readpipe
EXPR X<readpipe>, recv SOCKET,SCALAR,LENGTH,FLAGS X<recv>, redo LABEL
X<redo>, redo, ref EXPR X<ref> X<reference>, ref, rename OLDNAME,NEWNAME
X<rename> X<move> X<mv> X<ren>, require VERSION X<require>, require EXPR,
require, reset EXPR X<reset>, reset, return EXPR X<return>, return, reverse
LIST X<reverse> X<rev> X<invert>, rewinddir DIRHANDLE X<rewinddir>, rindex
STR,SUBSTR,POSITION X<rindex>, rindex STR,SUBSTR, rmdir FILENAME X<rmdir>
X<rd> X<directory, remove>, rmdir, s///, scalar EXPR X<scalar> X<context>,
seek FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<seek> X<fseek> X<filehandle, position>,
seekdir DIRHANDLE,POS X<seekdir>, select FILEHANDLE X<select> X<filehandle,
default>, select, select RBITS,WBITS,EBITS,TIMEOUT X<select>, semctl
ID,SEMNUM,CMD,ARG X<semctl>, semget KEY,NSEMS,FLAGS X<semget>, semop
KEY,OPSTRING X<semop>, send SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS,TO X<send>, send
SOCKET,MSG,FLAGS, setpgrp PID,PGRP X<setpgrp> X<group>, setpriority
WHICH,WHO,PRIORITY X<setpriority> X<priority> X<nice> X<renice>, setsockopt
SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME,OPTVAL X<setsockopt>, shift ARRAY X<shift>, shift,
shmctl ID,CMD,ARG X<shmctl>, shmget KEY,SIZE,FLAGS X<shmget>, shmread
ID,VAR,POS,SIZE X<shmread> X<shmwrite>, shmwrite ID,STRING,POS,SIZE,
shutdown SOCKET,HOW X<shutdown>, sin EXPR X<sin> X<sine> X<asin>
X<arcsine>, sin, sleep EXPR X<sleep> X<pause>, sleep, socket
SOCKET,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socket>, socketpair
SOCKET1,SOCKET2,DOMAIN,TYPE,PROTOCOL X<socketpair>, sort SUBNAME LIST
X<sort> X<qsort> X<quicksort> X<mergesort>, sort BLOCK LIST, sort LIST,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,LIST X<splice>, splice ARRAY,OFFSET,LENGTH,
splice ARRAY,OFFSET, splice ARRAY, split /PATTERN/,EXPR,LIMIT X<split>,
split /PATTERN/,EXPR, split /PATTERN/, split, sprintf FORMAT, LIST
X<sprintf>, format parameter index, flags, vector flag, (minimum) width,
precision, or maximum width X<precision>, size, order of arguments, sqrt
EXPR X<sqrt> X<root> X<square root>, sqrt, srand EXPR X<srand> X<seed>
X<randseed>, srand, stat FILEHANDLE X<stat> X<file, status>, stat EXPR,
stat, study SCALAR X<study>, study, sub NAME BLOCK X<sub>, sub NAME (PROTO)
BLOCK, sub NAME : ATTRS BLOCK, sub NAME (PROTO) : ATTRS BLOCK, substr
EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH,REPLACEMENT X<substr> X<substring> X<mid> X<left>
X<right>, substr EXPR,OFFSET,LENGTH, substr EXPR,OFFSET, symlink
OLDFILE,NEWFILE X<symlink> X<link> X<symbolic link> X<link, symbolic>,
syscall NUMBER, LIST X<syscall> X<system call>, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE X<sysopen>, sysopen
FILEHANDLE,FILENAME,MODE,PERMS, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
X<sysread>, sysread FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, sysseek
FILEHANDLE,POSITION,WHENCE X<sysseek> X<lseek>, system LIST X<system>
X<shell>, system PROGRAM LIST, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH,OFFSET
X<syswrite>, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,LENGTH, syswrite FILEHANDLE,SCALAR,
tell FILEHANDLE X<tell>, tell, telldir DIRHANDLE X<telldir>, tie
VARIABLE,CLASSNAME,LIST X<tie>, tied VARIABLE X<tied>, time X<time>
X<epoch>, times X<times>, tr///, truncate FILEHANDLE,LENGTH X<truncate>,
truncate EXPR,LENGTH, uc EXPR X<uc> X<uppercase> X<toupper>, uc, ucfirst
EXPR X<ucfirst> X<uppercase>, ucfirst, umask EXPR X<umask>, umask, undef
EXPR X<undef> X<undefine>, undef, unlink LIST X<unlink> X<delete> X<remove>
X<rm>, unlink, unpack TEMPLATE,EXPR X<unpack>, untie VARIABLE X<untie>,
unshift ARRAY,LIST X<unshift>, use Module VERSION LIST X<use> X<module>
X<import>, use Module VERSION, use Module LIST, use Module, use VERSION,
utime LIST X<utime>, values HASH X<values>, vec EXPR,OFFSET,BITS X<vec>
X<bit> X<bit vector>, wait X<wait>, waitpid PID,FLAGS X<waitpid>, wantarray
X<wantarray> X<context>, warn LIST X<warn> X<warning> X<STDERR>, write
FILEHANDLE X<write>, write EXPR, write, y///
=head2 perlopentut - tutorial on opening things in Perl
=item Open E<agrave> la shell
=item Indirect Filehandles
=item Mixing Reads and Writes
=item Open E<agrave> la C
=item Permissions E<agrave> la mode
=item Obscure Open Tricks
=item Re-Opening Files (dups)
=item Dispelling the Dweomer
=item Single Argument Open
=item Playing with STDIN and STDOUT
=item Opening Non-File Files
=item Opening Named Pipes
=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlpacktut - tutorial on C<pack> and C<unpack>
=item The Basic Principle
=item Unpacking a Stack Frame
=item How to Eat an Egg on a Net
=item Floating point Numbers
=item Another Portable Binary Encoding
=item Counting Repetitions
=item Packing and Unpacking C Structures
=item Pointers for How to Use Them
=head2 perlpod - the Plain Old Documentation format
X<POD, ordinary paragraph>
X<POD, verbatim paragraph> X<verbatim>
C<=head1 I<Heading Text>> X<=head1> X<=head2> X<=head3> X<=head4> X<head1>
X<head2> X<head3> X<head4>, C<=head2 I<Heading Text>>, C<=head3 I<Heading
Text>>, C<=head4 I<Heading Text>>, C<=over I<indentlevel>> X<=over>
X<=item> X<=back> X<over> X<item> X<back>, C<=item I<stuff...>>, C<=back>,
C<=cut> X<=cut> X<cut>, C<=pod> X<=pod> X<pod>, C<=begin I<formatname>>
X<=begin> X<=end> X<=for> X<begin> X<end> X<for>, C<=end I<formatname>>,
C<=for I<formatname> I<text...>>, C<=encoding I<encodingname>> X<=encoding>
X<POD, formatting code> X<formatting code>
X<POD, interior sequence> X<interior sequence>
C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text X<I> X<< IZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
code, italic> X<italic>, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text X<B> X<< BZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, bold> X<bold>, C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text X<C>
X<< CZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, code> X<code>, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> --
a hyperlink X<L> X<< LZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, hyperlink>
X<hyperlink>, C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape X<E> X<< EZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, escape> X<escape>, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- used
for filenames X<F> X<< FZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, filename>
X<filename>, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text contains non-breaking spaces X<S>
X<< SZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting code, non-breaking space> X<non-breaking
space>, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry X<X> X<< XZ<><> >>
X<POD, formatting code, index entry> X<index entry>, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code X<Z> X<< ZZ<><> >> X<POD, formatting
=item Embedding Pods in Perl Modules
=item Hints for Writing Pod
X<podchecker> X<POD, validating>
=head2 perlpodspec - Plain Old Documentation: format specification and
"=head1", "=head2", "=head3", "=head4", "=pod", "=cut", "=over", "=item",
"=back", "=begin formatname", "=end formatname", "=for formatname text...",
=item Pod Formatting Codes
C<IE<lt>textE<gt>> -- italic text, C<BE<lt>textE<gt>> -- bold text,
C<CE<lt>codeE<gt>> -- code text, C<FE<lt>filenameE<gt>> -- style for
filenames, C<XE<lt>topic nameE<gt>> -- an index entry, C<ZE<lt>E<gt>> -- a
null (zero-effect) formatting code, C<LE<lt>nameE<gt>> -- a hyperlink,
C<EE<lt>escapeE<gt>> -- a character escape, C<SE<lt>textE<gt>> -- text
contains non-breaking spaces
=item Notes on Implementing Pod Processors
=item About LE<lt>...E<gt> Codes
First:, Second:, Third:, Fourth:, Fifth:, Sixth:
=item About =over...=back Regions
=item About Data Paragraphs and "=begin/=end" Regions
=head2 perlrun - how to execute the Perl interpreter
=item #! and quoting on non-Unix systems
OS/2, MS-DOS, Win95/NT, Macintosh, VMS
X<perl, location of interpreter>
X<perl, command switches> X<command switches>
B<-0>[I<octal/hexadecimal>] X<-0> X<$/>, B<-a> X<-a> X<autosplit>, B<-C
[I<number/list>]> X<-C>, B<-c> X<-c>, B<-d> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt>,
B<-d:>I<foo[=bar,baz]> X<-d> X<-dt>, B<-dt:>I<foo[=bar,baz]>,
B<-D>I<letters> X<-D> X<DEBUGGING> X<-DDEBUGGING>, B<-D>I<number>, B<-e>
I<commandline> X<-e>, B<-f> X<-f>, B<-F>I<pattern> X<-F>, B<-h> X<-h>,
B<-i>[I<extension>] X<-i> X<in-place>, B<-I>I<directory> X<-I> X<@INC>,
B<-l>[I<octnum>] X<-l> X<$/> X<$\>, B<-m>[B<->]I<module> X<-m> X<-M>,
B<-M>[B<->]I<module>, B<-M>[B<->]I<'module ...'>,
B<-[mM]>[B<->]I<module=arg[,arg]...>, B<-n> X<-n>, B<-p> X<-p>, B<-P>
X<-P>, B<-s> X<-s>, B<-S> X<-S>, B<-t> X<-t>, B<-T> X<-T>, B<-u> X<-u>,
B<-U> X<-U>, B<-v> X<-v>, B<-V> X<-V>, B<-V:>I<configvar>, B<-w> X<-w>,
B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>, B<-x> X<-x>, B<-x> I<directory>
X<perl, environment variables>
HOME X<HOME>, LOGDIR X<LOGDIR>, PATH X<PATH>, PERL5LIB X<PERL5LIB>,
PERL5OPT X<PERL5OPT>, PERLIO X<PERLIO>, :bytes X<:bytes>, :crlf X<:crlf>,
:mmap X<:mmap>, :perlio X<:perlio>, :pop X<:pop>, :raw X<:raw>, :stdio
X<:stdio>, :unix X<:unix>, :utf8 X<:utf8>, :win32 X<:win32>, PERLIO_DEBUG
X<PERLIO_DEBUG>, PERLLIB X<PERLLIB>, PERL5DB X<PERL5DB>, PERL5DB_THREADED
X<PERL5DB_THREADED>, PERL5SHELL (specific to the Win32 port) X<PERL5SHELL>,
PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP (specific to the Win32 port)
X<PERL_ALLOW_NON_IFS_LSP>, PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS X<PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS>,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL X<PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL>, PERL_DL_NONLAZY
X<PERL_DL_NONLAZY>, PERL_ENCODING X<PERL_ENCODING>, PERL_HASH_SEED
X<PERL_HASH_SEED>, PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG X<PERL_HASH_SEED_DEBUG>, PERL_ROOT
(specific to the VMS port) X<PERL_ROOT>, PERL_SIGNALS X<PERL_SIGNALS>,
PERL_UNICODE X<PERL_UNICODE>, SYS$LOGIN (specific to the VMS port)
=head2 perldiag - various Perl diagnostics
=head2 perllexwarn - Perl Lexical Warnings
=item Default Warnings and Optional Warnings
=item What's wrong with B<-w> and C<$^W>
=item Controlling Warnings from the Command Line
B<-w> X<-w>, B<-W> X<-W>, B<-X> X<-X>
=item Backward Compatibility
=item Reporting Warnings from a Module
X<warning, reporting> X<warning, registering>
=head2 perldebug - Perl debugging
h X<debugger command, h>, h [command], h h, p expr X<debugger command, p>,
x [maxdepth] expr X<debugger command, x>, V [pkg [vars]] X<debugger
command, V>, X [vars] X<debugger command, X>, y [level [vars]] X<debugger
command, y>, T X<debugger command, T> X<backtrace> X<stack, backtrace>, s
[expr] X<debugger command, s> X<step>, n [expr] X<debugger command, n>, r
X<debugger command, r>, <CR>, c [line|sub] X<debugger command, c>, l
X<debugger command, l>, l min+incr, l min-max, l line, l subname, -
X<debugger command, ->, v [line] X<debugger command, v>, . X<debugger
command, .>, f filename X<debugger command, f>, /pattern/, ?pattern?, L
[abw] X<debugger command, L>, S [[!]regex] X<debugger command, S>, t
X<debugger command, t>, t expr X<debugger command, t>, b X<breakpoint>
X<debugger command, b>, b [line] [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger
command, b>, b subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b
postpone subname [condition] X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b load
filename X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, b compile subname
X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, b>, B line X<breakpoint> X<debugger
command, B>, B * X<breakpoint> X<debugger command, B>, a [line] command
X<debugger command, a>, A line X<debugger command, A>, A * X<debugger
command, A>, w expr X<debugger command, w>, W expr X<debugger command, W>,
W * X<debugger command, W>, o X<debugger command, o>, o booloption ...
X<debugger command, o>, o anyoption? ... X<debugger command, o>, o
option=value ... X<debugger command, o>, < ? X<< debugger command, < >>, <
[ command ] X<< debugger command, < >>, < * X<< debugger command, < >>, <<
command X<< debugger command, << >>, > ? X<< debugger command, > >>, >
command X<< debugger command, > >>, > * X<< debugger command, > >>, >>
command X<<< debugger command, >> >>>, { ? X<debugger command, {>, { [
command ], { * X<debugger command, {>, {{ command X<debugger command, {{>,
! number X<debugger command, !>, ! -number X<debugger command, !>, !
pattern X<debugger command, !>, !! cmd X<debugger command, !!>, source file
X<debugger command, source>, H -number X<debugger command, H>, q or ^D
X<debugger command, q> X<debugger command, ^D>, R X<debugger command, R>,
|dbcmd X<debugger command, |>, ||dbcmd X<debugger command, ||>, command, m
expr X<debugger command, m>, M X<debugger command, M>, man [manpage]
=item Configurable Options
C<recallCommand>, C<ShellBang> X<debugger option, recallCommand> X<debugger
option, ShellBang>, C<pager> X<debugger option, pager>, C<tkRunning>
X<debugger option, tkRunning>, C<signalLevel>, C<warnLevel>, C<dieLevel>
X<debugger option, signalLevel> X<debugger option, warnLevel> X<debugger
option, dieLevel>, C<AutoTrace> X<debugger option, AutoTrace>, C<LineInfo>
X<debugger option, LineInfo>, C<inhibit_exit> X<debugger option,
inhibit_exit>, C<PrintRet> X<debugger option, PrintRet>, C<ornaments>
X<debugger option, ornaments>, C<frame> X<debugger option, frame>,
C<maxTraceLen> X<debugger option, maxTraceLen>, C<windowSize> X<debugger
option, windowSize>, C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth> X<debugger option,
arrayDepth> X<debugger option, hashDepth>, C<dumpDepth> X<debugger option,
dumpDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact> X<debugger option, compactDump>
X<debugger option, veryCompact>, C<globPrint> X<debugger option,
globPrint>, C<DumpDBFiles> X<debugger option, DumpDBFiles>, C<DumpPackages>
X<debugger option, DumpPackages>, C<DumpReused> X<debugger option,
DumpReused>, C<quote>, C<HighBit>, C<undefPrint> X<debugger option, quote>
X<debugger option, HighBit> X<debugger option, undefPrint>, C<UsageOnly>
X<debugger option, UsageOnly>, C<TTY> X<debugger option, TTY>, C<noTTY>
X<debugger option, noTTY>, C<ReadLine> X<debugger option, ReadLine>,
C<NonStop> X<debugger option, NonStop>
=item Debugger input/output
Prompt, Multiline commands, Stack backtrace X<backtrace> X<stack,
backtrace>, Line Listing Format, Frame listing
=item Debugging compile-time statements
=item Debugger Customization
=item Editor Support for Debugging
X<profile> X<profiling> X<profiler>
=item Debugging regular expressions
X<regular expression, debugging>
X<regex, debugging> X<regexp, debugging>
=item Debugging memory usage
=head2 perlvar - Perl predefined variables
$ARG, $_, $a, $b, $<I<digits>>, $MATCH, $&, $PREMATCH, $`, $POSTMATCH, $',
$LAST_PAREN_MATCH, $+, $^N, @LAST_MATCH_END, @+, $*,
HANDLE->input_line_number(EXPR), $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, $NR, $,
IO::Handle->input_record_separator(EXPR), $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $RS, $/,
HANDLE->autoflush(EXPR), $OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH, $|,
IO::Handle->output_field_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_FIELD_SEPARATOR, $OFS, $,,
IO::Handle->output_record_separator EXPR, $OUTPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR, $ORS,
$\, $LIST_SEPARATOR, $", $SUBSCRIPT_SEPARATOR, $SUBSEP, $;, $#,
HANDLE->format_page_number(EXPR), $FORMAT_PAGE_NUMBER, $%,
HANDLE->format_lines_per_page(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_PER_PAGE, $=,
HANDLE->format_lines_left(EXPR), $FORMAT_LINES_LEFT, $-, @LAST_MATCH_START,
@-, C<$`> is the same as C<substr($var, 0, $-[0])>, C<$&> is the same as
C<substr($var, $-[0], $+[0] - $-[0])>, C<$'> is the same as C<substr($var,
$+[0])>, C<$1> is the same as C<substr($var, $-[1], $+[1] - $-[1])>, C<$2>
is the same as C<substr($var, $-[2], $+[2] - $-[2])>, C<$3> is the same as
C<substr($var, $-[3], $+[3] - $-[3])>, HANDLE->format_name(EXPR),
$FORMAT_NAME, $~, HANDLE->format_top_name(EXPR), $FORMAT_TOP_NAME, $^,
IO::Handle->format_line_break_characters EXPR,
$FORMAT_LINE_BREAK_CHARACTERS, $:, IO::Handle->format_formfeed EXPR,
$FORMAT_FORMFEED, $^L, $ACCUMULATOR, $^A, $CHILD_ERROR, $?, ${^ENCODING},
$OS_ERROR, $ERRNO, $!, %!, $EXTENDED_OS_ERROR, $^E, $EVAL_ERROR, $@,
$PROCESS_ID, $PID, $$, $REAL_USER_ID, $UID, $<, $EFFECTIVE_USER_ID, $EUID,
$>, $REAL_GROUP_ID, $GID, $(, $EFFECTIVE_GROUP_ID, $EGID, $),
$PROGRAM_NAME, $0, $[, $], $COMPILING, $^C, $DEBUGGING, $^D,
$SYSTEM_FD_MAX, $^F, $^H, %^H, $INPLACE_EDIT, $^I, $^M, $OSNAME, $^O,
${^OPEN}, $PERLDB, $^P, 0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x08, 0x10, 0x20, 0x40, 0x80,
0x100, 0x200, 0x400, $LAST_REGEXP_CODE_RESULT, $^R,
$EXCEPTIONS_BEING_CAUGHT, $^S, $BASETIME, $^T, ${^TAINT}, ${^UNICODE},
${^UTF8LOCALE}, $PERL_VERSION, $^V, $WARNING, $^W, ${^WARNING_BITS},
$EXECUTABLE_NAME, $^X, ARGV, $ARGV, @ARGV, ARGVOUT, @F, @INC, @_, %INC,
%ENV, $ENV{expr}, %SIG, $SIG{expr}
=item Technical Note on the Syntax of Variable Names
=head2 perlre - Perl regular expressions
i X</i> X<regex, case-insensitive> X<regexp, case-insensitive> X<regular
expression, case-insensitive>, m X</m> X<regex, multiline> X<regexp,
multiline> X<regular expression, multiline>, s X</s> X<regex, single-line>
X<regexp, single-line> X<regular expression, single-line>, x X</x>
=item Regular Expressions
[1], [2], [3], cntrl X<cntrl>, graph X<graph>, print X<print>, punct
X<punct>, xdigit X<xdigit>
C<(?#text)> X<(?#)>, C<(?imsx-imsx)> X<(?)>, C<(?:pattern)> X<(?:)>,
C<(?imsx-imsx:pattern)>, C<(?=pattern)> X<(?=)> X<look-ahead, positive>
X<lookahead, positive>, C<(?!pattern)> X<(?!)> X<look-ahead, negative>
X<lookahead, negative>, C<(?<=pattern)> X<(?<=)> X<look-behind, positive>
X<lookbehind, positive>, C<(?<!pattern)> X<(?<!)> X<look-behind, negative>
X<lookbehind, negative>, C<(?{ code })> X<(?{})> X<regex, code in>
X<regexp, code in> X<regular expression, code in>, C<(??{ code })>
X<(??{})> X<regex, postponed> X<regexp, postponed> X<regular expression,
postponed> X<regex, recursive> X<regexp, recursive> X<regular expression,
recursive>, C<< (?>pattern) >> X<backtrack> X<backtracking>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)> X<(?()>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern)>
X<backtrack> X<backtracking>
=item Version 8 Regular Expressions
X<regular expression, version 8> X<regex, version 8> X<regexp, version 8>
=item Warning on \1 vs $1
=item Repeated patterns matching zero-length substring
=item Combining pieces together
C<ST>, C<S|T>, C<S{REPEAT_COUNT}>, C<S{min,max}>, C<S{min,max}?>, C<S?>,
C<S*>, C<S+>, C<S??>, C<S*?>, C<S+?>, C<< (?>S) >>, C<(?=S)>, C<(?<=S)>,
C<(?!S)>, C<(?<!S)>, C<(??{ EXPR })>,
C<(?(condition)yes-pattern|no-pattern)>
=item Creating custom RE engines
=head2 perlreref - Perl Regular Expressions Reference
=item EXTENDED CONSTRUCTS
=head2 perlref - Perl references and nested data structures
X<reference, creation> X<referencing>
1. X<\> X<backslash>, 2. X<array, anonymous> X<[> X<[]> X<square bracket>
X<bracket, square> X<arrayref> X<array reference> X<reference, array>, 3.
X<hash, anonymous> X<{> X<{}> X<curly bracket> X<bracket, curly> X<brace>
X<hashref> X<hash reference> X<reference, hash>, 4. X<subroutine,
anonymous> X<subroutine, reference> X<reference, subroutine> X<scope,
lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>, 5. X<constructor> X<new>,
6. X<autovivification>, 7. X<*foo{THING}> X<*>
X<reference, use> X<dereferencing> X<dereference>
2. X<${}> X<@{}> X<%{}>, 3. X<autovivification> X<< -> >> X<arrow>, 4.
=item Symbolic references
X<reference, symbolic> X<reference, soft>
X<symbolic reference> X<soft reference>
=item Not-so-symbolic references
=item Pseudo-hashes: Using an array as a hash
X<pseudo-hash> X<pseudo hash> X<pseudohash>
X<scope, lexical> X<closure> X<lexical> X<lexical scope>
X<subroutine, nested> X<sub, nested> X<subroutine, local> X<sub, local>
X<reference, string context> X<reference, use as hash key>
=head2 perlform - Perl formats
X<#> X<format, numeric field>
=item The Field @* for Variable Width Multi-Line Text
=item The Field ^* for Variable Width One-line-at-a-time Text
X<format, specifying values>
=item Suppressing Lines Where All Fields Are Void
X<format, suppressing lines>
=item Repeating Format Lines
X<format, repeating lines>
=item Top of Form Processing
X<format, top of form> X<top> X<header>
X<format, footer> X<footer>
=item Accessing Formatting Internals
=head2 perlobj - Perl objects
=item An Object is Simply a Reference
X<object> X<bless> X<constructor> X<new>
=item A Class is Simply a Package
X<class> X<package> X<@ISA> X<inheritance>
=item A Method is Simply a Subroutine
X<invocation> X<method> X<arrow> X<< -> >>
=item Indirect Object Syntax
X<indirect object syntax> X<invocation, indirect> X<indirect>
=item Default UNIVERSAL methods
isa(CLASS) X<isa>, can(METHOD) X<can>, VERSION( [NEED] ) X<VERSION>
=item Two-Phased Garbage Collection
X<garbage collection> X<GC> X<circular reference>
X<reference, circular> X<DESTROY> X<destructor>
=head2 perltie - how to hide an object class in a simple variable
TIESCALAR classname, LIST X<TIESCALAR>, FETCH this X<FETCH>, STORE this,
value X<STORE>, UNTIE this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
TIEARRAY classname, LIST X<TIEARRAY>, FETCH this, index X<FETCH>, STORE
this, index, value X<STORE>, FETCHSIZE this X<FETCHSIZE>, STORESIZE this,
count X<STORESIZE>, EXTEND this, count X<EXTEND>, EXISTS this, key
X<EXISTS>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>, CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, PUSH this, LIST
X<PUSH>, POP this X<POP>, SHIFT this X<SHIFT>, UNSHIFT this, LIST
X<UNSHIFT>, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST X<SPLICE>, UNTIE this
X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
USER, HOME, CLOBBER, LIST, TIEHASH classname, LIST X<TIEHASH>, FETCH this,
key X<FETCH>, STORE this, key, value X<STORE>, DELETE this, key X<DELETE>,
CLEAR this X<CLEAR>, EXISTS this, key X<EXISTS>, FIRSTKEY this X<FIRSTKEY>,
NEXTKEY this, lastkey X<NEXTKEY>, SCALAR this X<SCALAR>, UNTIE this
X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST X<TIEHANDLE>, WRITE this, LIST X<WRITE>, PRINT
this, LIST X<PRINT>, PRINTF this, LIST X<PRINTF>, READ this, LIST X<READ>,
READLINE this X<READLINE>, GETC this X<GETC>, CLOSE this X<CLOSE>, UNTIE
this X<UNTIE>, DESTROY this X<DESTROY>
=item The C<untie> Gotcha
=head2 perldbmfilter - Perl DBM Filters
B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
=head2 perlipc - Perl interprocess communication (signals, fifos, pipes,
safe subprocesses, sockets, and semaphores)
=item Handling the SIGHUP Signal in Daemons
=item Deferred Signals (Safe Signals)
Long running opcodes, Interrupting IO, Restartable system calls, Signals as
"faults", Signals triggered by operating system state
=item Using open() for IPC
=item Background Processes
=item Complete Dissociation of Child from Parent
=item Bidirectional Communication with Another Process
=item Bidirectional Communication with Yourself
=item Sockets: Client/Server Communication
=item Internet Line Terminators
=item Internet TCP Clients and Servers
=item Unix-Domain TCP Clients and Servers
=item TCP Clients with IO::Socket
C<Proto>, C<PeerAddr>, C<PeerPort>
=item Interactive Client with IO::Socket
=item TCP Servers with IO::Socket
Proto, LocalPort, Listen, Reuse
=item UDP: Message Passing
=head2 perlfork - Perl's fork() emulation
=item Behavior of other Perl features in forked pseudo-processes
$$ or $PROCESS_ID, %ENV, chdir() and all other builtins that accept
filenames, wait() and waitpid(), kill(), exec(), exit(), Open handles to
files, directories and network sockets
=item Killing the parent process
=item Lifetime of the parent process and pseudo-processes
=item CAVEATS AND LIMITATIONS
BEGIN blocks, Open filehandles, Forking pipe open() not yet implemented,
Global state maintained by XSUBs, Interpreter embedded in larger
application, Thread-safety of extensions
=head2 perlnumber - semantics of numbers and numeric operations in Perl
=item Numeric operators and numeric conversions
=item Flavors of Perl numeric operations
Arithmetic operators, ++, Arithmetic operators during C<use integer>, Other
mathematical operators, Bitwise operators, Bitwise operators during C<use
integer>, Operators which expect an integer, Operators which expect a
=head2 perlthrtut - tutorial on threads in Perl
=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
=item Threaded Program Models
=item What kind of threads are Perl threads?
=item Thread-Safe Modules
=item Basic Thread Support
=item A Note about the Examples
=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
=item Shared And Unshared Data
=item Thread Pitfalls: Races
=item Synchronization and control
=item Controlling access: lock()
=item A Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
=item Queues: Passing Data Around
=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
=item Advanced Semaphores
=item cond_wait() and cond_signal()
=item General Thread Utility Routines
=item What Thread Am I In?
=item Are These Threads The Same?
=item What Threads Are Running?
=item Different implementations of threads
=item Performance considerations
=item Process-scope Changes
=item Thread-Safety of System Libraries
=item OS-Related References
=head2 perlothrtut - old tutorial on threads in Perl
=item What Is A Thread Anyway?
=item Threaded Program Models
=item What kind of threads are perl threads?
=item Basic Thread Support
=item Waiting For A Thread To Exit
=item Shared And Unshared Data
=item Thread Pitfall: Races
=item Controlling access: lock()
=item Thread Pitfall: Deadlocks
=item Queues: Passing Data Around
=item Semaphores: Synchronizing Data Access
Basic semaphores, Advanced Semaphores
=item Attributes: Restricting Access To Subroutines
=item Locking A Subroutine
=item General Thread Utility Routines
=item What Thread Am I In?
=item Are These Threads The Same?
=item What Threads Are Running?
=item OS-Related References
=head2 perlport - Writing portable Perl
Not all Perl programs have to be portable, Nearly all of Perl already I<is>
=item Numbers endianness and Width
=item Files and Filesystems
=item Command names versus file pathnames
=item Interprocess Communication (IPC)
=item External Subroutines (XS)
=item Character sets and character encoding
=item Internationalisation
=item DOS and Derivatives
=item FUNCTION IMPLEMENTATIONS
=item Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions
-I<X>, atan2 Y,X, atan2, binmode, chmod, chown, chroot, crypt, dbmclose,
dbmopen, dump, exec, exit, fcntl, flock, fork, getlogin, getpgrp, getppid,
getpriority, getpwnam, getgrnam, getnetbyname, getpwuid, getgrgid,
getnetbyaddr, getprotobynumber, getservbyport, getpwent, getgrent,
gethostbyname, gethostent, getnetent, getprotoent, getservent, sethostent,
setnetent, setprotoent, setservent, endpwent, endgrent, endhostent,
endnetent, endprotoent, endservent, getsockopt SOCKET,LEVEL,OPTNAME, glob,
gmtime, ioctl FILEHANDLE,FUNCTION,SCALAR, kill, link, localtime, lstat,
msgctl, msgget, msgsnd, msgrcv, open, pipe, readlink, rename, select,
semctl, semget, semop, setgrent, setpgrp, setpriority, setpwent,
setsockopt, shmctl, shmget, shmread, shmwrite, sockatmark, socketpair,
stat, symlink, syscall, sysopen, system, times, truncate, umask, utime,
=item Supported Platforms
=item AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
=head2 perllocale - Perl locale handling (internationalization and
=item PREPARING TO USE LOCALES
=item The use locale pragma
=item The setlocale function
=item Temporarily fixing locale problems
=item Permanently fixing locale problems
=item Permanently fixing your system's locale configuration
=item Fixing system locale configuration
=item The localeconv function
=item Category LC_COLLATE: Collation
=item Category LC_CTYPE: Character Types
=item Category LC_NUMERIC: Numeric Formatting
=item Category LC_MONETARY: Formatting of monetary amounts
PERL_BADLANG, LC_ALL, LANGUAGE, LC_CTYPE, LC_COLLATE, LC_MONETARY,
LC_NUMERIC, LC_TIME, LANG
=item Backward compatibility
=item I18N:Collate obsolete
=item Sort speed and memory use impacts
=item write() and LC_NUMERIC
=item Freely available locale definitions
=item An imperfect standard
=head2 perluniintro - Perl Unicode introduction
=item Perl's Unicode Support
=item Perl's Unicode Model
=item Displaying Unicode As Text
=item Questions With Answers
=item Hexadecimal Notation
=item UNICODE IN OLDER PERLS
=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT, AND LICENSE
=head2 perlunicode - Unicode support in Perl
Input and Output Layers, Regular Expressions, C<use utf8> still needed to
enable UTF-8/UTF-EBCDIC in scripts, BOM-marked scripts and UTF-16 scripts
autodetected, C<use encoding> needed to upgrade non-Latin-1 byte strings
=item Byte and Character Semantics
=item Effects of Character Semantics
=item User-Defined Character Properties
=item Character Encodings for Input and Output
=item Unicode Regular Expression Support Level
=item Security Implications of Unicode
=item Unicode in Perl on EBCDIC
=item When Unicode Does Not Happen
=item Forcing Unicode in Perl (Or Unforcing Unicode in Perl)
=item Using Unicode in XS
=item Interaction with Locales
=item Interaction with Extensions
=item Porting code from perl-5.6.X
=head2 perlebcdic - Considerations for running Perl on EBCDIC platforms
=item COMMON CHARACTER CODE SETS
=item Latin 1 (ISO 8859-1)
=item 13 variant characters
=item Unicode code points versus EBCDIC code points
=item Remaining Perl Unicode problems in EBCDIC
=item SINGLE OCTET TABLES
recipe 0, recipe 1, recipe 2, recipe 3, recipe 4, recipe 5, recipe 6
=item IDENTIFYING CHARACTER CODE SETS
=item OPERATOR DIFFERENCES
=item FUNCTION DIFFERENCES
chr(), ord(), pack(), print(), printf(), sort(), sprintf(), unpack()
=item REGULAR EXPRESSION DIFFERENCES
=item Ignore ASCII vs. EBCDIC sort differences.
=item MONO CASE then sort data.
=item Convert, sort data, then re convert.
=item Perform sorting on one type of machine only.
=item TRANSFORMATION FORMATS
=item URL decoding and encoding
=item uu encoding and decoding
=item Quoted-Printable encoding and decoding
=item Hashing order and checksums
=item MULTI OCTET CHARACTER SETS
chcp, dataset access, OS/390, z/OS iconv, locales
=head2 perlsec - Perl security
=item Laundering and Detecting Tainted Data
=item Switches On the "#!" Line
=item Taint mode and @INC
=item Cleaning Up Your Path
=item Protecting Your Programs
=item Algorithmic Complexity Attacks
=head2 perlmod - Perl modules (packages and symbol tables)
X<package> X<namespace> X<variable, global> X<global variable> X<global>
X<symbol table> X<stash> X<%::> X<%main::> X<typeglob> X<glob> X<alias>
=item BEGIN, CHECK, INIT and END
X<BEGIN> X<CHECK> X<INIT> X<END>
=item Making your module threadsafe
X<threadsafe> X<thread safe>
X<module, threadsafe> X<module, thread safe>
X<CLONE> X<CLONE_SKIP> X<thread> X<threads> X<ithread>
=head2 perlmodlib - constructing new Perl modules and finding existing ones
=item THE PERL MODULE LIBRARY
assertions::compat, attributes, attrs, autouse, base, bigint, bignum,
bigrat, blib, bytes, charnames, constant, diagnostics, encoding, fields,
filetest, if, integer, less, lib, locale, open, ops, overload, re, sigtrap,
sort, strict, subs, threads, threads::shared, utf8, vars, vmsish, warnings,
AnyDBM_File, Archive::Tar, Archive::Tar::File, Attribute::Handlers,
AutoLoader, AutoSplit, B, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode,
B::C, B::CC, B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint,
B::Showlex, B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref, Benchmark,
ByteLoader, CGI, CGI::Apache, CGI::Carp, CGI::Cookie, CGI::Fast,
CGI::Pretty, CGI::Push, CGI::Switch, CGI::Util, CPAN, CPAN::FirstTime,
CPAN::Nox, Carp, Carp::Heavy, Class::ISA, Class::Struct, Compress::Zlib,
Config, Cwd, DB, DB_File, Data::Dumper, Devel::DProf, Devel::PPPort,
Devel::Peek, Devel::SelfStubber, Digest, Digest::MD5, Digest::base,
DirHandle, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, Encode, Encode::Alias, Encode::Byte,
Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CN, Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::Config,
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Encoder, Encode::Encoding, Encode::Guess,
Encode::JP, Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::KR,
Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::PerlIO,
Encode::Supported, Encode::Symbol, Encode::TW, Encode::Unicode,
Encode::Unicode::UTF7, English, Env, Errno, Exporter, Exporter::Heavy,
ExtUtils::CBuilder, ExtUtils::CBuilder::Platform::Windows,
ExtUtils::Command, ExtUtils::Command::MM, ExtUtils::Constant,
ExtUtils::Embed, ExtUtils::Install, ExtUtils::Installed, ExtUtils::Liblist,
ExtUtils::MM, ExtUtils::MM_AIX, ExtUtils::MM_Any, ExtUtils::MM_BeOS,
ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin, ExtUtils::MM_DOS, ExtUtils::MM_MacOS,
ExtUtils::MM_NW5, ExtUtils::MM_OS2, ExtUtils::MM_QNX, ExtUtils::MM_UWIN,
ExtUtils::MM_Unix, ExtUtils::MM_VMS, ExtUtils::MM_VOS, ExtUtils::MM_Win32,
ExtUtils::MM_Win95, ExtUtils::MY, ExtUtils::MakeMaker,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial, ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes,
ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish, ExtUtils::Manifest, ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap,
ExtUtils::Mksymlists, ExtUtils::Packlist, ExtUtils::ParseXS,
ExtUtils::testlib, Fatal, Fcntl, File::Basename, File::CheckTree,
File::Compare, File::Copy, File::DosGlob, File::Find, File::Glob,
File::Path, File::Spec, File::Spec::Cygwin, File::Spec::Epoc,
File::Spec::Functions, File::Spec::Mac, File::Spec::OS2, File::Spec::Unix,
File::Spec::VMS, File::Spec::Win32, File::Temp, File::stat, FileCache,
FileHandle, Filter::Simple, Filter::Util::Call, FindBin, GDBM_File,
Getopt::Long, Getopt::Std, Hash::Util, I18N::Collate, I18N::LangTags,
I18N::LangTags::List, I18N::Langinfo, IO, IO::Dir, IO::File, IO::Handle,
IO::Pipe, IO::Poll, IO::Seekable, IO::Select, IO::Socket, IO::Socket::INET,
IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Zlib, IPC::Open2, IPC::Open3, IPC::SysV,
IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::SysV::Semaphore, List::Util, Locale::Constants,
Locale::Country, Locale::Currency, Locale::Language, Locale::Maketext,
Locale::Maketext::TPJ13, Locale::Script, MIME::Base64,
MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
Math::BigInt::Calc, Math::BigInt::FastCalc, Math::BigRat, Math::Complex,
Math::Trig, Memoize, Memoize::AnyDBM_File, Memoize::Expire,
Memoize::ExpireFile, Memoize::ExpireTest, Memoize::NDBM_File,
Memoize::SDBM_File, Memoize::Storable, NDBM_File, NEXT, Net::Cmd,
Net::Config, Net::Domain, Net::FTP, Net::NNTP, Net::Netrc, Net::POP3,
Net::Ping, Net::SMTP, Net::Time, Net::hostent, Net::libnetFAQ, Net::netent,
Net::protoent, Net::servent, O, ODBM_File, Opcode, POSIX, PerlIO,
PerlIO::encoding, PerlIO::scalar, PerlIO::via, PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint,
Pod::Checker, Pod::Find, Pod::Functions, Pod::Html, Pod::InputObjects,
Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Man, Pod::ParseLink, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Parser,
Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker, Pod::Perldoc::ToMan, Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff,
Pod::Perldoc::ToPod, Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf, Pod::Perldoc::ToText,
Pod::Perldoc::ToTk, Pod::Perldoc::ToXml, Pod::PlainText, Pod::Plainer,
Pod::Select, Pod::Text, Pod::Text::Color, Pod::Text::Overstrike,
Pod::Text::Termcap, Pod::Usage, SDBM_File, Safe, Scalar::Util,
Search::Dict, SelectSaver, SelfLoader, Shell, Socket, Storable, Switch,
Symbol, Sys::Hostname, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Term::Cap,
Term::Complete, Term::ReadLine, Test, Test::Builder, Test::Harness,
Test::Harness::Assert, Test::Harness::Iterator, Test::Harness::Point,
Test::Harness::Straps, Test::More, Test::Simple, Test::Tutorial,
Text::Abbrev, Text::Balanced, Text::ParseWords, Text::Soundex, Text::Tabs,
Text::Wrap, Thread, Thread::Queue, Thread::Semaphore, Thread::Signal,
Thread::Specific, Tie::Array, Tie::File, Tie::Handle, Tie::Hash,
Tie::Memoize, Tie::RefHash, Tie::Scalar, Tie::SubstrHash, Time::HiRes,
Time::Local, Time::gmtime, Time::localtime, Time::tm, UNIVERSAL,
Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Unicode::UCD, User::grent,
User::pwent, Win32, XS::APItest, XS::Typemap, XSLoader
China, Indonesia, Israel, Japan, Malaysia, Russian Federation, Saudi
Arabia, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand
Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary,
Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom
Canada, Alberta, Manitoba, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Mexico, United States,
Alabama, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Indiana, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nevada, New Jersey, New York,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Texas, Utah,
Virginia, Washington, Wisconsin
Australia, New Zealand, United States
=item Modules: Creation, Use, and Abuse
=item Guidelines for Module Creation
=item Guidelines for Converting Perl 4 Library Scripts into Modules
=item Guidelines for Reusing Application Code
=head2 perlmodstyle - Perl module style guide
=item Release considerations
=item BEFORE YOU START WRITING A MODULE
=item Has it been done before?
=item Do one thing and do it well
=item DESIGNING AND WRITING YOUR MODULE
=item To OO or not to OO?
Write simple routines to do simple things, Separate functionality from
output, Provide sensible shortcuts and defaults, Naming conventions,
=item Strictness and warnings
=item Backwards compatibility
=item Error handling and messages
=item DOCUMENTING YOUR MODULE
=item README, INSTALL, release notes, changelogs
perl Makefile.PL, make, make test, make install, perl Build.PL, perl Build,
perl Build test, perl Build install
=item RELEASE CONSIDERATIONS
=item Reinventing the wheel
=item Trying to do too much
=item Inappropriate documentation
L<perlstyle>, L<perlnewmod>, L<perlpod>, L<podchecker>, Packaging Tools,
Testing tools, http://pause.perl.org/, Any good book on software
=head2 perlmodinstall - Installing CPAN Modules
B<DECOMPRESS> the file, B<UNPACK> the file into a directory, B<BUILD> the
module (sometimes unnecessary), B<INSTALL> the module
=head2 perlnewmod - preparing a new module for distribution
=item What should I make into a module?
=item Step-by-step: Preparing the ground
Look around, Check it's new, Discuss the need, Choose a name, Check again
=item Step-by-step: Making the module
Start with F<module-starter> or F<h2xs>, Use L<strict|strict> and
L<warnings|warnings>, Use L<Carp|Carp>, Use L<Exporter|Exporter> - wisely!,
Use L<plain old documentation|perlpod>, Write tests, Write the README
=item Step-by-step: Distributing your module
Get a CPAN user ID, C<perl Makefile.PL; make test; make dist>, Upload the
tarball, Announce to the modules list, Announce to clpa, Fix bugs!
=head2 perlutil - utilities packaged with the Perl distribution
L<perldoc|perldoc>, L<pod2man|pod2man> and L<pod2text|pod2text>,
L<pod2html|pod2html> and L<pod2latex|pod2latex>, L<pod2usage|pod2usage>,
L<podselect|podselect>, L<podchecker|podchecker>, L<splain|splain>,
L<a2p|a2p>, L<s2p|s2p>, L<find2perl|find2perl>
L<perlbug|perlbug>, L<h2ph|h2ph>, L<c2ph|c2ph> and L<pstruct|pstruct>,
L<h2xs|h2xs>, L<dprofpp|dprofpp>, L<perlcc|perlcc>
=head2 perlcompile - Introduction to the Perl Compiler-Translator
B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC, B::Lint, B::Deparse, B::Xref
=item Using The Back Ends
=item The Cross Referencing Back End
=item The Decompiling Back End
=item The Simple C Back End
=item The Bytecode Back End
=item The Optimized C Back End
=item Module List for the Compiler Suite
B, O, B::Asmdata, B::Assembler, B::Bblock, B::Bytecode, B::C, B::CC,
B::Concise, B::Debug, B::Deparse, B::Disassembler, B::Lint, B::Showlex,
B::Stackobj, B::Stash, B::Terse, B::Xref
=head2 perlfilter - Source Filters
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN C
=item CREATING A SOURCE FILTER AS A SEPARATE EXECUTABLE
=item WRITING A SOURCE FILTER IN PERL
=item USING CONTEXT: THE DEBUG FILTER
=item THINGS TO LOOK OUT FOR
Some Filters Clobber the C<DATA> Handle
=head2 perlglossary - Perl Glossary
accessor methods, actual arguments, address operator, algorithm, alias,
alternatives, anonymous, architecture, argument, ARGV, arithmetical
operator, array, array context, ASCII, assertion, assignment, assignment
operator, associative array, associativity, asynchronous, atom, atomic
operation, attribute, autogeneration, autoincrement, autoload, autosplit,
autovivification, AV, awk
backreference, backtracking, backward compatibility, bareword, base class,
big-endian, binary, binary operator, bind, bit, bit shift, bit string,
bless, block, BLOCK, block buffering, Boolean, Boolean context, breakpoint,
broadcast, BSD, bucket, buffer, built-in, bundle, byte, bytecode
C, C preprocessor, call by reference, call by value, callback, canonical,
capturing, character, character class, character property, circumfix
operator, class, class method, client, cloister, closure, cluster, CODE,
code generator, code subpattern, collating sequence, command, command
buffering, command name, command-line arguments, comment, compilation unit,
compile phase, compile time, compiler, composer, concatenation,
conditional, connection, construct, constructor, context, continuation,
core dump, CPAN, cracker, current package, current working directory,
currently selected output channel, CV
dangling statement, data structure, data type, datagram, DBM, declaration,
decrement, default, defined, delimiter, dereference, derived class,
descriptor, destroy, destructor, device, directive, directory, directory
handle, dispatch, distribution, dweomer, dwimmer, dynamic scoping
eclectic, element, embedding, empty subclass test, en passant,
encapsulation, endian, environment, environment variable, EOF, errno,
error, escape sequence, exception, exception handling, exec, executable
file, execute, execute bit, exit status, export, expression, extension
false, FAQ, fatal error, field, FIFO, file, file descriptor, file test
operator, fileglob, filehandle, filename, filesystem, filter, flag,
floating point, flush, FMTEYEWTK, fork, formal arguments, format, freely
available, freely redistributable, freeware, function, funny character,
GID, glob, global, global destruction, glue language, granularity, greedy,
hacker, handler, hard reference, hash, hash table, header file, here
document, hexadecimal, home directory, host, hubris, HV
identifier, impatience, implementation, import, increment, indexing,
indirect filehandle, indirect object, indirect object slot, indirection,
infix, inheritance, instance, instance variable, integer, interface,
interpolation, interpreter, invocant, invocation, I/O, IO, IP, IPC, is-a,
label, laziness, left shift, leftmost longest, lexeme, lexer, lexical
analysis, lexical scoping, lexical variable, library, LIFO, line, line
buffering, line number, link, LIST, list, list context, list operator, list
value, literal, little-endian, local, logical operator, lookahead,
lookbehind, loop, loop control statement, loop label, lvaluable, lvalue,
magic, magical increment, magical variables, Makefile, man, manpage,
matching, member data, memory, metacharacter, metasymbol, method,
minimalism, mode, modifier, module, modulus, monger, mortal,
multidimensional array, multiple inheritance
named pipe, namespace, network address, newline, NFS, null character, null
list, null string, numeric context, NV, nybble
object, octal, offset, one-liner, open source software, operand, operating
system, operator, operator overloading, options, overloading, overriding,
package, pad, parameter, parent class, parse tree, parsing, patch, PATH,
pathname, pattern, pattern matching, permission bits, Pern, pipe, pipeline,
platform, pod, pointer, polymorphism, port, portable, porter, POSIX,
postfix, pp, pragma, precedence, prefix, preprocessing, procedure, process,
program generator, progressive matching, property, protocol, prototype,
pseudofunction, pseudohash, pseudoliteral, public domain, pumpkin,
readable, reaping, record, recursion, reference, referent, regex, regular
expression, regular expression modifier, regular file, relational operator,
reserved words, return value, RFC, right shift, root, RTFM, run phase, run
time, run-time pattern, RV, rvalue
scalar, scalar context, scalar literal, scalar value, scalar variable,
scope, scratchpad, script, script kiddie, sed, semaphore, separator,
serialization, server, service, setgid, setuid, shared memory, shebang,
shell, side effects, signal, signal handler, single inheritance, slice,
slurp, socket, soft reference, source filter, stack, standard, standard
error, standard I/O, standard input, standard output, stat structure,
statement, statement modifier, static, static method, static scoping,
static variable, status, STDERR, STDIN, STDIO, STDOUT, stream, string,
string context, stringification, struct, structure, subclass, subpattern,
subroutine, subscript, substitution, substring, superclass, superuser, SV,
switch, switch cluster, switch statement, symbol, symbol table, symbolic
debugger, symbolic link, symbolic reference, synchronous, syntactic sugar,
syntax, syntax tree, syscall
tainted, TCP, term, terminator, ternary, text, thread, tie, TMTOWTDI,
token, tokener, tokenizing, toolbox approach, transliterate, trigger,
trinary, troff, true, truncating, type, type casting, typed lexical,
typedef, typeglob, typemap
UDP, UID, umask, unary operator, Unicode, Unix
value, variable, variable interpolation, variadic, vector, virtual, void
warning, watch expression, whitespace, word, working directory, wrapper,
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 perlembed - how to embed perl in your C program
B<Use C from Perl?>, B<Use a Unix program from Perl?>, B<Use Perl from
Perl?>, B<Use C from C?>, B<Use Perl from C?>
=item Compiling your C program
=item Adding a Perl interpreter to your C program
=item Calling a Perl subroutine from your C program
=item Evaluating a Perl statement from your C program
=item Performing Perl pattern matches and substitutions from your C program
=item Fiddling with the Perl stack from your C program
=item Maintaining a persistent interpreter
=item Execution of END blocks
=item Maintaining multiple interpreter instances
=item Using Perl modules, which themselves use C libraries, from your C
=item Embedding Perl under Win32
=head2 perldebguts - Guts of Perl debugging
=item Writing Your Own Debugger
=item Frame Listing Output Examples
=item Debugging regular expressions
=item Compile-time output
C<anchored> I<STRING> C<at> I<POS>, C<floating> I<STRING> C<at>
I<POS1..POS2>, C<matching floating/anchored>, C<minlen>, C<stclass>
I<TYPE>, C<noscan>, C<isall>, C<GPOS>, C<plus>, C<implicit>, C<with eval>,
=item Debugging Perl memory usage
=item Using C<$ENV{PERL_DEBUG_MSTATS}>
C<buckets SMALLEST(APPROX)..GREATEST(APPROX)>, Free/Used, C<Total sbrk():
SBRKed/SBRKs:CONTINUOUS>, C<pad: 0>, C<heads: 2192>, C<chain: 0>, C<tail:
=head2 perlxstut, perlXStut - Tutorial for writing XSUBs
=item Dynamic Loading versus Static Loading
=item Writing good test scripts
=item Input and Output Parameters
=item Warning about Output Arguments
=item What has happened here?
=item Anatomy of .xs file
=item Getting the fat out of XSUBs
=item More about XSUB arguments
=item Extending your Extension
=item Documenting your Extension
=item Installing your Extension
=item New Things in this Example
=item New Things in this Example
=item EXAMPLE 7 (Coming Soon)
=item EXAMPLE 8 (Coming Soon)
=item EXAMPLE 9 Passing open files to XSes
=item Troubleshooting these Examples
=head2 perlxs - XS language reference manual
=item The Anatomy of an XSUB
=item The RETVAL Variable
=item Returning SVs, AVs and HVs through RETVAL
=item The PACKAGE Keyword
=item The OUTPUT: Keyword
=item The NO_OUTPUT Keyword
=item The NO_INIT Keyword
=item Initializing Function Parameters
=item Default Parameter Values
=item The PREINIT: Keyword
=item The IN/OUTLIST/IN_OUTLIST/OUT/IN_OUT Keywords
=item The C<length(NAME)> Keyword
=item Variable-length Parameter Lists
=item The C_ARGS: Keyword
=item The PPCODE: Keyword
=item Returning Undef And Empty Lists
=item The REQUIRE: Keyword
=item The CLEANUP: Keyword
=item The POSTCALL: Keyword
=item The VERSIONCHECK: Keyword
=item The PROTOTYPES: Keyword
=item The PROTOTYPE: Keyword
=item The OVERLOAD: Keyword
=item The FALLBACK: Keyword
=item The INTERFACE: Keyword
=item The INTERFACE_MACRO: Keyword
=item The INCLUDE: Keyword
=item The & Unary Operator
=item Inserting POD, Comments and C Preprocessor Directives
=item Perl Objects And C Structures
=item Safely Storing Static Data in XS
MY_CXT_KEY, typedef my_cxt_t, START_MY_CXT, MY_CXT_INIT, dMY_CXT, MY_CXT
=head2 perlclib - Internal replacements for standard C library functions
=item File Input and Output
=item Memory Management and String Handling
=item Character Class Tests
=item F<stdlib.h> functions
=item Miscellaneous functions
=head2 perlguts - Introduction to the Perl API
=item What's Really Stored in an SV?
=item Hash API Extensions
=item AVs, HVs and undefined values
=item Blessed References and Class Objects
=item Creating New Variables
=item Reference Counts and Mortality
=item Magic Virtual Tables
=item Understanding the Magic of Tied Hashes and Arrays
C<SAVEINT(int i)>, C<SAVEIV(IV i)>, C<SAVEI32(I32 i)>, C<SAVELONG(long i)>,
C<SAVESPTR(s)>, C<SAVEPPTR(p)>, C<SAVEFREESV(SV *sv)>, C<SAVEMORTALIZESV(SV
*sv)>, C<SAVEFREEOP(OP *op)>, C<SAVEFREEPV(p)>, C<SAVECLEARSV(SV *sv)>,
C<SAVEDELETE(HV *hv, char *key, I32 length)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR(DESTRUCTORFUNC_NOCONTEXT_t f, void *p)>,
C<SAVEDESTRUCTOR_X(DESTRUCTORFUNC_t f, void *p)>, C<SAVESTACK_POS()>, C<SV*
save_scalar(GV *gv)>, C<AV* save_ary(GV *gv)>, C<HV* save_hash(GV *gv)>,
C<void save_item(SV *item)>, C<void save_list(SV **sarg, I32 maxsarg)>,
C<SV* save_svref(SV **sptr)>, C<void save_aptr(AV **aptr)>, C<void
=item XSUBs and the Argument Stack
=item Calling Perl Routines from within C Programs
=item Putting a C value on Perl stack
=item Scratchpads and recursion
=item Compile pass 1: check routines
=item Compile pass 1a: constant folding
=item Compile pass 2: context propagation
=item Compile pass 3: peephole optimization
=item Examining internal data structures with the C<dump> functions
=item How multiple interpreters and concurrency are supported
=item Background and PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT
=item So what happened to dTHR?
=item How do I use all this in extensions?
=item Should I do anything special if I call perl from multiple threads?
=item Future Plans and PERL_IMPLICIT_SYS
A, p, d, s, n, r, f, M, o, x, m, X, E, b
=item Formatted Printing of IVs, UVs, and NVs
=item Pointer-To-Integer and Integer-To-Pointer
=item Source Documentation
=item Backwards compatibility
=item What B<is> Unicode, anyway?
=item How can I recognise a UTF-8 string?
=item How does UTF-8 represent Unicode characters?
=item How does Perl store UTF-8 strings?
=item How do I convert a string to UTF-8?
=item Is there anything else I need to know?
=head2 perlcall - Perl calling conventions from C
An Error Handler, An Event Driven Program
=item THE CALL_ FUNCTIONS
call_sv, call_pv, call_method, call_argv
=item Determining the Context
=item No Parameters, Nothing returned
=item Returning a list of values
=item Returning a list in a scalar context
=item Returning Data from Perl via the parameter list
=item Using Perl to dispose of temporaries
=item Strategies for storing Callback Context Information
1. Ignore the problem - Allow only 1 callback, 2. Create a sequence of
callbacks - hard wired limit, 3. Use a parameter to map to the Perl
=item Alternate Stack Manipulation
=item Creating and calling an anonymous subroutine in C
=head2 perlapi - autogenerated documentation for the perl public API
X<Perl API> X<API> X<api>
GIMME X<GIMME>, GIMME_V X<GIMME_V>, G_ARRAY X<G_ARRAY>, G_DISCARD
X<G_DISCARD>, G_EVAL X<G_EVAL>, G_NOARGS X<G_NOARGS>, G_SCALAR X<G_SCALAR>,
=item Array Manipulation Functions
AvFILL X<AvFILL>, av_clear X<av_clear>, av_delete X<av_delete>, av_exists
X<av_exists>, av_extend X<av_extend>, av_fetch X<av_fetch>, av_fill
X<av_fill>, av_len X<av_len>, av_make X<av_make>, av_pop X<av_pop>, av_push
X<av_push>, av_shift X<av_shift>, av_store X<av_store>, av_undef
X<av_undef>, av_unshift X<av_unshift>, get_av X<get_av>, newAV X<newAV>,
call_argv X<call_argv>, call_method X<call_method>, call_pv X<call_pv>,
call_sv X<call_sv>, ENTER X<ENTER>, eval_pv X<eval_pv>, eval_sv X<eval_sv>,
FREETMPS X<FREETMPS>, LEAVE X<LEAVE>, SAVETMPS X<SAVETMPS>
isALNUM X<isALNUM>, isALPHA X<isALPHA>, isDIGIT X<isDIGIT>, isLOWER
X<isLOWER>, isSPACE X<isSPACE>, isUPPER X<isUPPER>, toLOWER X<toLOWER>,
=item Cloning an interpreter
=item CV Manipulation Functions
CvSTASH X<CvSTASH>, get_cv X<get_cv>
=item Embedding Functions
cv_undef X<cv_undef>, load_module X<load_module>, nothreadhook
X<nothreadhook>, perl_alloc X<perl_alloc>, perl_construct
X<perl_construct>, perl_destruct X<perl_destruct>, perl_free X<perl_free>,
perl_parse X<perl_parse>, perl_run X<perl_run>, require_pv X<require_pv>
=item Functions in file pp_pack.c
packlist X<packlist>, pack_cat X<pack_cat>, unpackstring X<unpackstring>,
PL_modglobal X<PL_modglobal>, PL_na X<PL_na>, PL_sv_no X<PL_sv_no>,
PL_sv_undef X<PL_sv_undef>, PL_sv_yes X<PL_sv_yes>
GvSV X<GvSV>, gv_fetchmeth X<gv_fetchmeth>, gv_fetchmethod
X<gv_fetchmethod>, gv_fetchmethod_autoload X<gv_fetchmethod_autoload>,
gv_fetchmeth_autoload X<gv_fetchmeth_autoload>, gv_stashpv X<gv_stashpv>,
gv_stashpvn X<gv_stashpvn>, gv_stashsv X<gv_stashsv>
Nullav X<Nullav>, Nullch X<Nullch>, Nullcv X<Nullcv>, Nullhv X<Nullhv>,
=item Hash Manipulation Functions
get_hv X<get_hv>, HEf_SVKEY X<HEf_SVKEY>, HeHASH X<HeHASH>, HeKEY X<HeKEY>,
HeKLEN X<HeKLEN>, HePV X<HePV>, HeSVKEY X<HeSVKEY>, HeSVKEY_force
X<HeSVKEY_force>, HeSVKEY_set X<HeSVKEY_set>, HeVAL X<HeVAL>, HvNAME
X<HvNAME>, hv_clear X<hv_clear>, hv_clear_placeholders
X<hv_clear_placeholders>, hv_delete X<hv_delete>, hv_delete_ent
X<hv_delete_ent>, hv_exists X<hv_exists>, hv_exists_ent X<hv_exists_ent>,
hv_fetch X<hv_fetch>, hv_fetch_ent X<hv_fetch_ent>, hv_iterinit
X<hv_iterinit>, hv_iterkey X<hv_iterkey>, hv_iterkeysv X<hv_iterkeysv>,
hv_iternext X<hv_iternext>, hv_iternextsv X<hv_iternextsv>,
hv_iternext_flags X<hv_iternext_flags>, hv_iterval X<hv_iterval>, hv_magic
X<hv_magic>, hv_scalar X<hv_scalar>, hv_store X<hv_store>, hv_store_ent
X<hv_store_ent>, hv_undef X<hv_undef>, newHV X<newHV>
mg_clear X<mg_clear>, mg_copy X<mg_copy>, mg_find X<mg_find>, mg_free
X<mg_free>, mg_get X<mg_get>, mg_length X<mg_length>, mg_magical
X<mg_magical>, mg_set X<mg_set>, SvGETMAGIC X<SvGETMAGIC>, SvLOCK
X<SvLOCK>, SvSETMAGIC X<SvSETMAGIC>, SvSetMagicSV X<SvSetMagicSV>,
SvSetMagicSV_nosteal X<SvSetMagicSV_nosteal>, SvSetSV X<SvSetSV>,
SvSetSV_nosteal X<SvSetSV_nosteal>, SvSHARE X<SvSHARE>, SvUNLOCK
Copy X<Copy>, CopyD X<CopyD>, Move X<Move>, MoveD X<MoveD>, Newx X<Newx>,
Newxc X<Newxc>, Newxz X<Newxz>, Poison X<Poison>, Renew X<Renew>, Renewc
X<Renewc>, Safefree X<Safefree>, savepv X<savepv>, savepvn X<savepvn>,
savesharedpv X<savesharedpv>, savesvpv X<savesvpv>, StructCopy
X<StructCopy>, Zero X<Zero>, ZeroD X<ZeroD>
=item Miscellaneous Functions
fbm_compile X<fbm_compile>, fbm_instr X<fbm_instr>, form X<form>, getcwd_sv
X<getcwd_sv>, strEQ X<strEQ>, strGE X<strGE>, strGT X<strGT>, strLE
X<strLE>, strLT X<strLT>, strNE X<strNE>, strnEQ X<strnEQ>, strnNE
X<strnNE>, sv_nolocking X<sv_nolocking>, sv_nosharing X<sv_nosharing>,
sv_nounlocking X<sv_nounlocking>
grok_bin X<grok_bin>, grok_hex X<grok_hex>, grok_number X<grok_number>,
grok_numeric_radix X<grok_numeric_radix>, grok_oct X<grok_oct>, scan_bin
X<scan_bin>, scan_hex X<scan_hex>, scan_oct X<scan_oct>
=item Optree Manipulation Functions
cv_const_sv X<cv_const_sv>, newCONSTSUB X<newCONSTSUB>, newXS X<newXS>
=item Pad Data Structures
=item Stack Manipulation Macros
dMARK X<dMARK>, dORIGMARK X<dORIGMARK>, dSP X<dSP>, EXTEND X<EXTEND>, MARK
X<MARK>, mPUSHi X<mPUSHi>, mPUSHn X<mPUSHn>, mPUSHp X<mPUSHp>, mPUSHu
X<mPUSHu>, mXPUSHi X<mXPUSHi>, mXPUSHn X<mXPUSHn>, mXPUSHp X<mXPUSHp>,
mXPUSHu X<mXPUSHu>, ORIGMARK X<ORIGMARK>, POPi X<POPi>, POPl X<POPl>, POPn
X<POPn>, POPp X<POPp>, POPpbytex X<POPpbytex>, POPpx X<POPpx>, POPs
X<POPs>, PUSHi X<PUSHi>, PUSHMARK X<PUSHMARK>, PUSHmortal X<PUSHmortal>,
PUSHn X<PUSHn>, PUSHp X<PUSHp>, PUSHs X<PUSHs>, PUSHu X<PUSHu>, PUTBACK
X<PUTBACK>, SP X<SP>, SPAGAIN X<SPAGAIN>, XPUSHi X<XPUSHi>, XPUSHmortal
X<XPUSHmortal>, XPUSHn X<XPUSHn>, XPUSHp X<XPUSHp>, XPUSHs X<XPUSHs>,
XPUSHu X<XPUSHu>, XSRETURN X<XSRETURN>, XSRETURN_EMPTY X<XSRETURN_EMPTY>,
XSRETURN_IV X<XSRETURN_IV>, XSRETURN_NO X<XSRETURN_NO>, XSRETURN_NV
X<XSRETURN_NV>, XSRETURN_PV X<XSRETURN_PV>, XSRETURN_UNDEF
X<XSRETURN_UNDEF>, XSRETURN_UV X<XSRETURN_UV>, XSRETURN_YES
X<XSRETURN_YES>, XST_mIV X<XST_mIV>, XST_mNO X<XST_mNO>, XST_mNV
X<XST_mNV>, XST_mPV X<XST_mPV>, XST_mUNDEF X<XST_mUNDEF>, XST_mYES
svtype X<svtype>, SVt_IV X<SVt_IV>, SVt_NV X<SVt_NV>, SVt_PV X<SVt_PV>,
SVt_PVAV X<SVt_PVAV>, SVt_PVCV X<SVt_PVCV>, SVt_PVHV X<SVt_PVHV>, SVt_PVMG
=item SV Manipulation Functions
get_sv X<get_sv>, looks_like_number X<looks_like_number>, newRV_inc
X<newRV_inc>, newRV_noinc X<newRV_noinc>, NEWSV X<NEWSV>, newSV X<newSV>,
newSVhek X<newSVhek>, newSViv X<newSViv>, newSVnv X<newSVnv>, newSVpv
X<newSVpv>, newSVpvf X<newSVpvf>, newSVpvn X<newSVpvn>, newSVpvn_share
X<newSVpvn_share>, newSVrv X<newSVrv>, newSVsv X<newSVsv>, newSVuv
X<newSVuv>, SvCUR X<SvCUR>, SvCUR_set X<SvCUR_set>, SvEND X<SvEND>, SvGROW
X<SvGROW>, SvIOK X<SvIOK>, SvIOKp X<SvIOKp>, SvIOK_notUV X<SvIOK_notUV>,
SvIOK_off X<SvIOK_off>, SvIOK_on X<SvIOK_on>, SvIOK_only X<SvIOK_only>,
SvIOK_only_UV X<SvIOK_only_UV>, SvIOK_UV X<SvIOK_UV>, SvIsCOW X<SvIsCOW>,
SvIsCOW_shared_hash X<SvIsCOW_shared_hash>, SvIV X<SvIV>, SvIVX X<SvIVX>,
SvIVx X<SvIVx>, SvIV_set X<SvIV_set>, SvLEN X<SvLEN>, SvLEN_set
X<SvLEN_set>, SvMAGIC_set X<SvMAGIC_set>, SvNIOK X<SvNIOK>, SvNIOKp
X<SvNIOKp>, SvNIOK_off X<SvNIOK_off>, SvNOK X<SvNOK>, SvNOKp X<SvNOKp>,
SvNOK_off X<SvNOK_off>, SvNOK_on X<SvNOK_on>, SvNOK_only X<SvNOK_only>,
SvNV X<SvNV>, SvNVX X<SvNVX>, SvNVx X<SvNVx>, SvNV_set X<SvNV_set>, SvOK
X<SvOK>, SvOOK X<SvOOK>, SvPOK X<SvPOK>, SvPOKp X<SvPOKp>, SvPOK_off
X<SvPOK_off>, SvPOK_on X<SvPOK_on>, SvPOK_only X<SvPOK_only>,
SvPOK_only_UTF8 X<SvPOK_only_UTF8>, SvPV X<SvPV>, SvPVbyte X<SvPVbyte>,
SvPVbytex X<SvPVbytex>, SvPVbytex_force X<SvPVbytex_force>, SvPVbyte_force
X<SvPVbyte_force>, SvPVbyte_nolen X<SvPVbyte_nolen>, SvPVutf8 X<SvPVutf8>,
SvPVutf8x X<SvPVutf8x>, SvPVutf8x_force X<SvPVutf8x_force>, SvPVutf8_force
X<SvPVutf8_force>, SvPVutf8_nolen X<SvPVutf8_nolen>, SvPVX X<SvPVX>, SvPVx
X<SvPVx>, SvPV_force X<SvPV_force>, SvPV_force_nomg X<SvPV_force_nomg>,
SvPV_nolen X<SvPV_nolen>, SvPV_set X<SvPV_set>, SvREFCNT X<SvREFCNT>,
SvREFCNT_dec X<SvREFCNT_dec>, SvREFCNT_inc X<SvREFCNT_inc>, SvROK X<SvROK>,
SvROK_off X<SvROK_off>, SvROK_on X<SvROK_on>, SvRV X<SvRV>, SvRV_set
X<SvRV_set>, SvSTASH X<SvSTASH>, SvSTASH_set X<SvSTASH_set>, SvTAINT
X<SvTAINT>, SvTAINTED X<SvTAINTED>, SvTAINTED_off X<SvTAINTED_off>,
SvTAINTED_on X<SvTAINTED_on>, SvTRUE X<SvTRUE>, SvTYPE X<SvTYPE>, SvUOK
X<SvUOK>, SvUPGRADE X<SvUPGRADE>, SvUTF8 X<SvUTF8>, SvUTF8_off
X<SvUTF8_off>, SvUTF8_on X<SvUTF8_on>, SvUV X<SvUV>, SvUVX X<SvUVX>, SvUVx
X<SvUVx>, SvUV_set X<SvUV_set>, sv_2bool X<sv_2bool>, sv_2cv X<sv_2cv>,
sv_2io X<sv_2io>, sv_2iv X<sv_2iv>, sv_2mortal X<sv_2mortal>, sv_2nv
X<sv_2nv>, sv_2pvbyte X<sv_2pvbyte>, sv_2pvbyte_nolen X<sv_2pvbyte_nolen>,
sv_2pvutf8 X<sv_2pvutf8>, sv_2pvutf8_nolen X<sv_2pvutf8_nolen>,
sv_2pv_flags X<sv_2pv_flags>, sv_2pv_nolen X<sv_2pv_nolen>, sv_2uv
X<sv_2uv>, sv_backoff X<sv_backoff>, sv_bless X<sv_bless>, sv_catpv
X<sv_catpv>, sv_catpvf X<sv_catpvf>, sv_catpvf_mg X<sv_catpvf_mg>,
sv_catpvn X<sv_catpvn>, sv_catpvn_flags X<sv_catpvn_flags>, sv_catpvn_mg
X<sv_catpvn_mg>, sv_catpvn_nomg X<sv_catpvn_nomg>, sv_catpv_mg
X<sv_catpv_mg>, sv_catsv X<sv_catsv>, sv_catsv_flags X<sv_catsv_flags>,
sv_catsv_mg X<sv_catsv_mg>, sv_catsv_nomg X<sv_catsv_nomg>, sv_chop
X<sv_chop>, sv_clear X<sv_clear>, sv_cmp X<sv_cmp>, sv_cmp_locale
X<sv_cmp_locale>, sv_collxfrm X<sv_collxfrm>, sv_copypv X<sv_copypv>,
sv_dec X<sv_dec>, sv_derived_from X<sv_derived_from>, sv_eq X<sv_eq>,
sv_force_normal X<sv_force_normal>, sv_force_normal_flags
X<sv_force_normal_flags>, sv_free X<sv_free>, sv_gets X<sv_gets>, sv_grow
X<sv_grow>, sv_inc X<sv_inc>, sv_insert X<sv_insert>, sv_isa X<sv_isa>,
sv_isobject X<sv_isobject>, sv_iv X<sv_iv>, sv_len X<sv_len>, sv_len_utf8
X<sv_len_utf8>, sv_magic X<sv_magic>, sv_magicext X<sv_magicext>,
sv_mortalcopy X<sv_mortalcopy>, sv_newmortal X<sv_newmortal>, sv_newref
X<sv_newref>, sv_nv X<sv_nv>, sv_pos_b2u X<sv_pos_b2u>, sv_pos_u2b
X<sv_pos_u2b>, sv_pv X<sv_pv>, sv_pvbyte X<sv_pvbyte>, sv_pvbyten
X<sv_pvbyten>, sv_pvbyten_force X<sv_pvbyten_force>, sv_pvn X<sv_pvn>,
sv_pvn_force X<sv_pvn_force>, sv_pvn_force_flags X<sv_pvn_force_flags>,
sv_pvutf8 X<sv_pvutf8>, sv_pvutf8n X<sv_pvutf8n>, sv_pvutf8n_force
X<sv_pvutf8n_force>, sv_reftype X<sv_reftype>, sv_replace X<sv_replace>,
sv_report_used X<sv_report_used>, sv_reset X<sv_reset>, sv_rvweaken
X<sv_rvweaken>, sv_setiv X<sv_setiv>, sv_setiv_mg X<sv_setiv_mg>, sv_setnv
X<sv_setnv>, sv_setnv_mg X<sv_setnv_mg>, sv_setpv X<sv_setpv>, sv_setpvf
X<sv_setpvf>, sv_setpvf_mg X<sv_setpvf_mg>, sv_setpviv X<sv_setpviv>,
sv_setpviv_mg X<sv_setpviv_mg>, sv_setpvn X<sv_setpvn>, sv_setpvn_mg
X<sv_setpvn_mg>, sv_setpv_mg X<sv_setpv_mg>, sv_setref_iv X<sv_setref_iv>,
sv_setref_nv X<sv_setref_nv>, sv_setref_pv X<sv_setref_pv>, sv_setref_pvn
X<sv_setref_pvn>, sv_setref_uv X<sv_setref_uv>, sv_setsv X<sv_setsv>,
sv_setsv_flags X<sv_setsv_flags>, sv_setsv_mg X<sv_setsv_mg>, sv_setsv_nomg
X<sv_setsv_nomg>, sv_setuv X<sv_setuv>, sv_setuv_mg X<sv_setuv_mg>,
sv_taint X<sv_taint>, sv_tainted X<sv_tainted>, sv_true X<sv_true>,
sv_unmagic X<sv_unmagic>, sv_unref X<sv_unref>, sv_unref_flags
X<sv_unref_flags>, sv_untaint X<sv_untaint>, sv_upgrade X<sv_upgrade>,
sv_usepvn X<sv_usepvn>, sv_usepvn_mg X<sv_usepvn_mg>, sv_utf8_decode
X<sv_utf8_decode>, sv_utf8_downgrade X<sv_utf8_downgrade>, sv_utf8_encode
X<sv_utf8_encode>, sv_utf8_upgrade X<sv_utf8_upgrade>,
sv_utf8_upgrade_flags X<sv_utf8_upgrade_flags>, sv_uv X<sv_uv>, sv_vcatpvf
X<sv_vcatpvf>, sv_vcatpvfn X<sv_vcatpvfn>, sv_vcatpvf_mg X<sv_vcatpvf_mg>,
sv_vsetpvf X<sv_vsetpvf>, sv_vsetpvfn X<sv_vsetpvfn>, sv_vsetpvf_mg
bytes_from_utf8 X<bytes_from_utf8>, bytes_to_utf8 X<bytes_to_utf8>,
ibcmp_utf8 X<ibcmp_utf8>, is_utf8_char X<is_utf8_char>, is_utf8_string
X<is_utf8_string>, is_utf8_string_loc X<is_utf8_string_loc>,
is_utf8_string_loclen X<is_utf8_string_loclen>, pv_uni_display
X<pv_uni_display>, sv_cat_decode X<sv_cat_decode>, sv_recode_to_utf8
X<sv_recode_to_utf8>, sv_uni_display X<sv_uni_display>, to_utf8_case
X<to_utf8_case>, to_utf8_fold X<to_utf8_fold>, to_utf8_lower
X<to_utf8_lower>, to_utf8_title X<to_utf8_title>, to_utf8_upper
X<to_utf8_upper>, utf8n_to_uvchr X<utf8n_to_uvchr>, utf8n_to_uvuni
X<utf8n_to_uvuni>, utf8_distance X<utf8_distance>, utf8_hop X<utf8_hop>,
utf8_length X<utf8_length>, utf8_to_bytes X<utf8_to_bytes>, utf8_to_uvchr
X<utf8_to_uvchr>, utf8_to_uvuni X<utf8_to_uvuni>, uvchr_to_utf8
X<uvchr_to_utf8>, uvuni_to_utf8_flags X<uvuni_to_utf8_flags>
=item Variables created by C<xsubpp> and C<xsubpp> internal functions
ax X<ax>, CLASS X<CLASS>, dAX X<dAX>, dAXMARK X<dAXMARK>, dITEMS X<dITEMS>,
dXSARGS X<dXSARGS>, dXSI32 X<dXSI32>, items X<items>, ix X<ix>, newXSproto
X<newXSproto>, RETVAL X<RETVAL>, ST X<ST>, THIS X<THIS>, XS X<XS>,
XS_VERSION X<XS_VERSION>, XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK X<XS_VERSION_BOOTCHECK>
croak X<croak>, warn X<warn>
=head2 perlintern - autogenerated documentation of purely B<internal>
X<internal Perl functions> X<interpreter functions>
=item CV reference counts and CvOUTSIDE
CvWEAKOUTSIDE X<CvWEAKOUTSIDE>
=item Functions in file pad.h
CX_CURPAD_SAVE X<CX_CURPAD_SAVE>, CX_CURPAD_SV X<CX_CURPAD_SV>, PAD_BASE_SV
X<PAD_BASE_SV>, PAD_CLONE_VARS X<PAD_CLONE_VARS>, PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS
X<PAD_COMPNAME_FLAGS>, PAD_COMPNAME_GEN X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN>,
PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set X<PAD_COMPNAME_GEN_set>, PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH
X<PAD_COMPNAME_OURSTASH>, PAD_COMPNAME_PV X<PAD_COMPNAME_PV>,
PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE X<PAD_COMPNAME_TYPE>, PAD_DUP X<PAD_DUP>,
PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL X<PAD_RESTORE_LOCAL>, PAD_SAVE_LOCAL X<PAD_SAVE_LOCAL>,
PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD X<PAD_SAVE_SETNULLPAD>, PAD_SETSV X<PAD_SETSV>,
PAD_SET_CUR X<PAD_SET_CUR>, PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE X<PAD_SET_CUR_NOSAVE>,
PAD_SV X<PAD_SV>, PAD_SVl X<PAD_SVl>, SAVECLEARSV X<SAVECLEARSV>,
SAVECOMPPAD X<SAVECOMPPAD>, SAVEPADSV X<SAVEPADSV>
=item Functions in file pp_ctl.c
PL_DBsingle X<PL_DBsingle>, PL_DBsub X<PL_DBsub>, PL_DBtrace X<PL_DBtrace>,
PL_dowarn X<PL_dowarn>, PL_last_in_gv X<PL_last_in_gv>, PL_ofs_sv
X<PL_ofs_sv>, PL_rs X<PL_rs>
is_gv_magical X<is_gv_magical>
=item Pad Data Structures
CvPADLIST X<CvPADLIST>, cv_clone X<cv_clone>, cv_dump X<cv_dump>,
do_dump_pad X<do_dump_pad>, intro_my X<intro_my>, pad_add_anon
X<pad_add_anon>, pad_add_name X<pad_add_name>, pad_alloc X<pad_alloc>,
pad_block_start X<pad_block_start>, pad_check_dup X<pad_check_dup>,
pad_findlex X<pad_findlex>, pad_findmy X<pad_findmy>, pad_fixup_inner_anons
X<pad_fixup_inner_anons>, pad_free X<pad_free>, pad_leavemy X<pad_leavemy>,
pad_new X<pad_new>, pad_push X<pad_push>, pad_reset X<pad_reset>, pad_setsv
X<pad_setsv>, pad_swipe X<pad_swipe>, pad_tidy X<pad_tidy>, pad_undef
=item Stack Manipulation Macros
djSP X<djSP>, LVRET X<LVRET>
=item SV Manipulation Functions
report_uninit X<report_uninit>, sv_add_arena X<sv_add_arena>, sv_clean_all
X<sv_clean_all>, sv_clean_objs X<sv_clean_objs>, sv_free_arenas
=head2 perliol - C API for Perl's implementation of IO in Layers.
=item History and Background
=item Layers vs Disciplines
=item Functions and Attributes
=item Per-instance flag bits
PERLIO_F_EOF, PERLIO_F_CANWRITE, PERLIO_F_CANREAD, PERLIO_F_ERROR,
PERLIO_F_TRUNCATE, PERLIO_F_APPEND, PERLIO_F_CRLF, PERLIO_F_UTF8,
PERLIO_F_UNBUF, PERLIO_F_WRBUF, PERLIO_F_RDBUF, PERLIO_F_LINEBUF,
PERLIO_F_TEMP, PERLIO_F_OPEN, PERLIO_F_FASTGETS
fsize, name, size, kind, PERLIO_K_BUFFERED, PERLIO_K_RAW, PERLIO_K_CANCRLF,
PERLIO_K_FASTGETS, PERLIO_K_MULTIARG, Pushed, Popped, Open, Binmode,
Getarg, Fileno, Dup, Read, Write, Seek, Tell, Close, Flush, Fill, Eof,
Error, Clearerr, Setlinebuf, Get_base, Get_bufsiz, Get_ptr, Get_cnt,
=item Implementing PerlIO Layers
C implementations, Perl implementations
"unix", "perlio", "stdio", "crlf", "mmap", "pending", "raw", "utf8"
":encoding", ":scalar", ":via"
=head2 perlapio - perl's IO abstraction interface.
1. USE_STDIO, 2. USE_SFIO, 3. USE_PERLIO, B<PerlIO_stdin()>,
B<PerlIO_stdout()>, B<PerlIO_stderr()>, B<PerlIO_open(path, mode)>,
B<PerlIO_fdopen(fd,mode)>, B<PerlIO_reopen(path,mode,f)>,
B<PerlIO_printf(f,fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_vprintf(f,fmt,a)>,
B<PerlIO_stdoutf(fmt,...)>, B<PerlIO_read(f,buf,count)>,
B<PerlIO_write(f,buf,count)>, B<PerlIO_close(f)>, B<PerlIO_puts(f,s)>,
B<PerlIO_putc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_ungetc(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_getc(f)>,
B<PerlIO_eof(f)>, B<PerlIO_error(f)>, B<PerlIO_fileno(f)>,
B<PerlIO_clearerr(f)>, B<PerlIO_flush(f)>, B<PerlIO_seek(f,offset,whence)>,
B<PerlIO_tell(f)>, B<PerlIO_getpos(f,p)>, B<PerlIO_setpos(f,p)>,
B<PerlIO_rewind(f)>, B<PerlIO_tmpfile()>, B<PerlIO_setlinebuf(f)>
=item Co-existence with stdio
B<PerlIO_importFILE(f,mode)>, B<PerlIO_exportFILE(f,mode)>,
B<PerlIO_releaseFILE(p,f)>, B<PerlIO_findFILE(f)>
=item "Fast gets" Functions
B<PerlIO_fast_gets(f)>, B<PerlIO_has_cntptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_get_ptr(f)>, B<PerlIO_set_ptrcnt(f,p,c)>, B<PerlIO_canset_cnt(f)>,
B<PerlIO_set_cnt(f,c)>, B<PerlIO_has_base(f)>, B<PerlIO_get_base(f)>,
PerlIO_apply_layers(f,mode,layers), PerlIO_binmode(f,ptype,imode,layers),
'E<lt>' read, 'E<gt>' write, '+' read/write, PerlIO_debug(fmt,...)
=head2 perlhack - How to hack at the Perl internals
Does concept match the general goals of Perl?, Where is the
implementation?, Backwards compatibility, Could it be a module instead?, Is
the feature generic enough?, Does it potentially introduce new bugs?, Does
it preclude other desirable features?, Is the implementation robust?, Is
the implementation generic enough to be portable?, Is the implementation
tested?, Is there enough documentation?, Is there another way to do it?,
Does it create too much work?, Patches speak louder than words
rsync'ing the source tree, Using rsync over the LAN, Using pushing over the
NFS, rsync'ing the patches
=item Why rsync the source tree
It's easier to rsync the source tree, It's more reliable
=item Why rsync the patches
It's easier to rsync the patches, It's a good reference, Finding a start
point, Finding how to fix a bug, Finding the source of misbehaviour
=item Working with the source
=item Perlbug administration
L<perlguts>, L<perlxstut> and L<perlxs>, L<perlapi>,
F<Porting/pumpkin.pod>, The perl5-porters FAQ
=item Finding Your Way Around
Core modules, Tests, Documentation, Configure, Interpreter
=item Elements of the interpreter
Startup, Parsing, Optimization, Running, Exception handing
=item Internal Variable Types
Argument stack, Mark stack, Save stack
=item Using a source-level debugger
run [args], break function_name, break source.c:xxx, step, next, continue,
=item Dumping Perl Data Structures
=item Patching a core module
=item Adding a new function to the core
F<t/base/>, F<t/cmd/>, F<t/comp/>, F<t/io/>, F<t/lib/>, F<t/op/>,
F<t/pod/>, F<t/run/>, F<t/uni/>, F<t/win32/>, F<t/x2p>, t/base t/comp,
t/cmd t/run t/io t/op, t/lib ext lib
=item Special Make Test Targets
coretest, test.deparse, test.taintwarn, minitest, test.valgrind
check.valgrind utest.valgrind ucheck.valgrind, test.third check.third
utest.third ucheck.third, test.torture torturetest, utest ucheck test.utf8
check.utf8, minitest.utf16 test.utf16, test_harness, test-notty test_notty
=item Running tests by hand
-v, -torture, -re=PATTERN, -re LIST OF PATTERNS, PERL_CORE=1,
PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL=2, PERL, PERL_SKIP_TTY_TEST
=item EXTERNAL TOOLS FOR DEBUGGING PERL
=item Rational Software's Purify
-Accflags=-DPURIFY, -Doptimize='-g', -Uusemymalloc, -Dusemultiplicity
DEFINES, USE_MULTI = define, #PERL_MALLOC = define, CFG = Debug
=item Compaq's/Digital's/HP's Third Degree
=item PERL_DESTRUCT_LEVEL
-a, -b, -e routine, -f routine, -s, -z
-h, -l, -p[rocedures], -h[eavy], -i[nvocations], -l[ines], -testcoverage,
=item Miscellaneous tricks
I<The Road goes ever on and on, down from the door where it began.>
=head2 perlbook - Perl book information
=head2 perltodo - Perl TO-DO List
=item The roadmap to 5.10
=item Needed for a 5.9.4 release
=item Needed for a 5.9.5 release
Implement L</_ prototype character>, Implement L</state variables>
=item Needed for a 5.9.6 release
=item Tasks that only need Perl knowledge
=item common test code for timed bail out
=item POD -> HTML conversion in the core still sucks
=item Make Schwern poorer
=item Improve the coverage of the core tests
=item Dual life everything
=item Improving C<threads::shared>
=item POSIX memory footprint
=item Tasks that need a little sysadmin-type knowledge
=item make HTML install work
=item compressed man pages
=item Add a code coverage target to the Makefile
=item Make Config.pm cope with differences between build and installed perl
=item make parallel builds work
=item linker specification files
=item Tasks that need a little C knowledge
=item Make it clear from -v if this is the exact official release
=item Tidy up global variables
=item Ordering of "global" variables.
=item bincompat functions
=item emulate the per-thread memory pool on Unix
=item reduce duplication in sv_setsv_flags
=item Tasks that need a knowledge of XS
=item shrink C<GV>s, C<CV>s
=item merge Perl_sv_2[inpu]v
=item Implicit Latin 1 => Unicode translation
=item Unicode in Filenames
=item Re-implement C<:unique> in a way that is actually thread-safe
=item Make tainting consistent
=item Tasks that need a knowledge of the interpreter
=item Attach/detach debugger from running program
=item LVALUE functions for lists
=item LVALUE functions in the debugger
=item _ prototype character
=item @INC source filter to Filter::Simple
=item regexp optimiser optional
=item You WANT *how* many
=item entersub XS vs Perl
=item What hooks would assertions need?
=item make ithreads more robust
=item (?{...}) closures in regexps
=item A re-entrant regexp engine
=head2 perldoc - Look up Perl documentation in Pod format.
B<-h>, B<-v>, B<-t>, B<-u>, B<-m> I<module>, B<-l>, B<-F>, B<-f>
I<perlfunc>, B<-q> I<perlfaq-search-regexp>, B<-T>, B<-d>
I<destination-filename>, B<-o> I<output-formatname>, B<-M> I<module-name>,
B<-w> I<option:value> or B<-w> I<option>, B<-X>,
B<PageName|ModuleName|ProgramName>, B<-n> I<some-formatter>, B<-r>, B<-i>,
=head2 perlhist - the Perl history records
=item THE KEEPERS OF THE PUMPKIN
=item SELECTED RELEASE SIZES
=item SELECTED PATCH SIZES
=item THE KEEPERS OF THE RECORDS
=head2 perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl588delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.8
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl587delta, perldelta - what is new for perl v5.8.7
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Unicode Character Database 4.1.0
=item suidperl less insecure
=item Optional site customization script
=item C<Config.pm> is now much smaller.
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item find2perl enhancements
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl586delta - what is new for perl v5.8.6
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=head2 perl585delta - what is new for perl v5.8.5
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl584delta - what is new for perl v5.8.4
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Unicode Character Database 4.0.1
=item suidperl less insecure
=item Modules and Pragmata
Attribute::Handlers, B, Benchmark, CGI, Carp, Cwd, Exporter, File::Find,
IO, IPC::Open3, Local::Maketext, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt,
Math::BigRat, MIME::Base64, ODBM_File, POSIX, Shell, Socket, Storable,
Switch, Sys::Syslog, Term::ANSIColor, Time::HiRes, Unicode::UCD, Win32,
base, open, threads, utf8
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl583delta - what is new for perl v5.8.3
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
CGI, Cwd, Digest, Digest::MD5, Encode, File::Spec, FindBin, List::Util,
Math::BigInt, PodParser, Pod::Perldoc, POSIX, Unicode::Collate,
Unicode::Normalize, Test::Harness, threads::shared
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Configuration and Building
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl582delta - what is new for perl v5.8.2
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated Modules And Pragmata
Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5, I18N::LangTags, libnet, MIME::Base64,
Pod::Perldoc, strict, Tie::Hash, Time::HiRes, Unicode::Collate,
Unicode::Normalize, UNIVERSAL
=item Platform Specific Problems
=head2 perl581delta - what is new for perl v5.8.1
=item Incompatible Changes
=item UTF-8 On Filehandles No Longer Activated By Locale
=item Single-number v-strings are no longer v-strings before "=>"
=item (Win32) The -C Switch Has Been Repurposed
=item (Win32) The /d Switch Of cmd.exe
=item UTF-8 no longer default under UTF-8 locales
=item Unsafe signals again available
=item Tied Arrays with Negative Array Indices
=item Unicode Character Database 4.0.0
=item Deprecation Warnings
=item Miscellaneous Enhancements
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated Modules And Pragmata
base, B::Bytecode, B::Concise, B::Deparse, Benchmark, ByteLoader, bytes,
CGI, charnames, CPAN, Data::Dumper, DB_File, Devel::PPPort, Digest::MD5,
Encode, fields, libnet, Math::BigInt, MIME::Base64, NEXT, Net::Ping,
PerlIO::scalar, podlators, Pod::LaTeX, PodParsers, Pod::Perldoc,
Scalar::Util, Storable, strict, Term::ANSIcolor, Test::Harness, Test::More,
Test::Simple, Text::Balanced, Time::HiRes, threads, threads::shared,
Unicode::Collate, Unicode::Normalize, Win32::GetFolderPath,
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item Platform-specific enhancements
=item Closures, eval and lexicals
=item Platform-specific fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Changed "A thread exited while %d threads were running"
=item Removed "Attempt to clear a restricted hash"
=item New "Illegal declaration of anonymous subroutine"
=item Changed "Invalid range "%s" in transliteration operator"
=item New "Missing control char name in \c"
=item New "Newline in left-justified string for %s"
=item New "Possible precedence problem on bitwise %c operator"
=item New "Pseudo-hashes are deprecated"
=item New "read() on %s filehandle %s"
=item New "5.005 threads are deprecated"
=item New "Tied variable freed while still in use"
=item New "To%s: illegal mapping '%s'"
=item New "Use of freed value in iteration"
=item Tied hashes in scalar context
=item Net::Ping 450_service and 510_ping_udp failures
=item Platform Specific Problems
=item Cygwin 1.5 problems
=item HP-UX: HP cc warnings about sendfile and sendpath
=item IRIX: t/uni/tr_7jis.t falsely failing
=item Mac OS X: no usemymalloc
=item Tru64: No threaded builds with GNU cc (gcc)
=item Win32: sysopen, sysread, syswrite
=head2 perl58delta - what is new for perl v5.8.0
=item Highlights In 5.8.0
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Binary Incompatibility
=item 64-bit platforms and malloc
=item Attributes for C<my> variables now handled at run-time
=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
=item IEEE-format Floating Point Default on OpenVMS Alpha
=item New Unicode Semantics (no more C<use utf8>, almost)
=item New Unicode Properties
=item REF(...) Instead Of SCALAR(...)
=item pack/unpack D/F recycled
=item glob() now returns filenames in alphabetical order
=item PerlIO is Now The Default
=item Understanding of Numbers
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings [561]
=item Miscellaneous Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item New Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item Generic Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Security Vulnerability Closed [561]
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Very Experimental
=item Localising Tied Arrays and Hashes Is Broken
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item Modifying $_ Inside for(..)
=item mod_perl 1.26 Doesn't Build With Threaded Perl
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item libwww-perl (LWP) fails base/date #51
=item PDL failing some tests
=item Self-tying Problems
=item Failure of Thread (5.005-style) tests
=item Tied/Magical Array/Hash Elements Do Not Autovivify
=item Unicode in package/class and subroutine names does not work
=item Platform Specific Problems
=item Alpha systems with old gccs fail several tests
=item Cygwin "unable to remap"
=item Cygwin ndbm tests fail on FAT
=item FreeBSD built with ithreads coredumps reading large directories
=item FreeBSD Failing locale Test 117 For ISO 8859-15 Locales
=item IRIX fails ext/List/Util/t/shuffle.t or Digest::MD5
=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
=item Linux with glibc 2.2.5 fails t/op/int subtest #6 with -Duse64bitint
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item Mac OS X dyld undefined symbols
=item op/sprintf tests 91, 129, and 130
=item Solaris x86 Fails Tests With -Duse64bitint
=item Term::ReadKey not working on Win32
=item XML::Parser not working
=item Unicode Support on EBCDIC Still Spotty
=item Seen In Perl 5.7 But Gone Now
=head2 perl573delta - what's new for perl v5.7.3
=head2 perl572delta - what's new for perl v5.7.2
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item 64-bit platforms and malloc
=item Socket Extension Dynamic in VMS
=item Different Definition of the Unicode Character Classes \p{In...}
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item New Modules and Distributions
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Generic Improvements
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Source Code Enhancements
=item Better commented code
=item Regex pre-/post-compilation items matched up
=item Amiga Perl Invoking Mystery
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item Cygwin intermittent failures of lib/Memoize/t/expire_file 11 and 12
=item HP-UX lib/io_multihomed Fails When LP64-Configured
=item HP-UX lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails When LP64-Configured
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item op/sprintf tests 129 and 130
=item Failure of Thread tests
=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
=item Variable Attributes are not Currently Usable for Tieing
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=item The Long Double Support is Still Experimental
=head2 perl571delta - what's new for perl v5.7.1
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item AUTOLOAD Is Now Lvaluable
=item PerlIO is Now The Default
=item Signals Are Now Safe
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Porting/repository.pod
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item New Or Improved Platforms
=item Generic Improvements
d_cmsghdr, d_fcntl_can_lock, d_fsync, d_getitimer, d_getpagsz, d_msghdr_s,
need_va_copy, d_readv, d_recvmsg, d_sendmsg, sig_size, d_sockatmark,
d_strtoq, d_u32align, d_ualarm, d_usleep
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item AIX vac 5.0.0.0 May Produce Buggy Code For Perl
=item lib/ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item lib/io_multihomed Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item sigaction test 13 in VMS
=item sprintf tests 129 and 130
=item Failure of Thread tests
=item Localising a Tied Variable Leaks Memory
=item Self-tying of Arrays and Hashes Is Forbidden
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=head2 perl570delta - what's new for perl v5.7.0
=item Security Vulnerability Closed
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Modules and Pragmata
=item Updated And Improved Modules and Pragmata
=item Performance Enhancements
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item Generic Improvements
=item Platform Specific Changes and Fixes
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
=item Unicode Support Still Far From Perfect
=item EBCDIC Still A Lost Platform
=item Building Extensions Can Fail Because Of Largefiles
=item ftmp-security tests warn 'system possibly insecure'
=item Test lib/posix Subtest 9 Fails In LP64-Configured HP-UX
=item Long Doubles Still Don't Work In Solaris
=item Linux With Sfio Fails op/misc Test 48
=item Storable tests fail in some platforms
=item Threads Are Still Experimental
=item The Compiler Suite Is Still Experimental
=head2 perl561delta - what's new for perl v5.6.x
=item Summary of changes between 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
C<UNIVERSAL::isa()>, Memory leaks, Numeric conversions, qw(a\\b), caller(),
Bugs in regular expressions, "slurp" mode, Autovivification of symbolic
references to special variables, Lexical warnings, Spurious warnings and
errors, glob(), Tainting, sort(), #line directives, Subroutine prototypes,
map(), Debugger, PERL5OPT, chop(), Unicode support, 64-bit support,
Compiler, Lvalue subroutines, IO::Socket, File::Find, xsubpp, C<no
=item Configuration issues
B::Concise, File::Temp, Pod::LaTeX, Pod::Text::Overstrike, CGI, CPAN,
Class::Struct, DB_File, Devel::Peek, File::Find, Getopt::Long, IO::Poll,
IPC::Open3, Math::BigFloat, Math::Complex, Net::Ping, Opcode, Pod::Parser,
Pod::Text, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Tie::RefHash, Tie::SubstrHash
=item Platform-specific improvements
=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
=item Lexically scoped warning categories
=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
=item Support for interpolating named characters
=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
=item Improved Perl version numbering system
=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
=item open() with more than two arguments
=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
=item File globbing implemented internally
=item Support for CHECK blocks
=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
=item Better pseudo-random number generator
=item Improved C<qw//> operator
=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
=item pack() format 'Z' supported
=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
=item Comments in pack() templates
=item Binary numbers supported
=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
=item Pseudo-hashes work better
=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
=item Improved diagnostics
=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
=item syswrite() ease-of-use
=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
=item Bit operators support full native integer width
=item Improved security features
=item More functional bareword prototype (*)
=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
=item Optional Y2K warnings
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
=item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex submatches
=item Modules and Pragmata
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
=item Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
=item Performance enhancements
=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
=item Faster subroutine calls
=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item -Dusethreads means something different
=item New Configure flags
=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
=item Enhanced Installation Directories
=item gcc automatically tried if 'cc' does not seem to be working
=item Platform specific changes
=item Supported platforms
=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
=item Significant bug fixes
=item <HANDLE> on empty files
=item C<eval '...'> improvements
=item All compilation errors are true errors
=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
=item Failures in DESTROY()
=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
=item Taint failures under C<-U>
=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
=item C Source Incompatibilities
C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
=item Compatible C Source API Changes
C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
=item Binary Incompatibilities
=item Localizing a tied hash element may leak memory
=item Known test failures
=item EBCDIC platforms not fully supported
=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
=item Arrow operator and arrays
=item Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
=head2 perl56delta - what's new for perl v5.6.0
=item Interpreter cloning, threads, and concurrency
=item Lexically scoped warning categories
=item Unicode and UTF-8 support
=item Support for interpolating named characters
=item Support for strings represented as a vector of ordinals
=item Improved Perl version numbering system
=item New syntax for declaring subroutine attributes
=item File and directory handles can be autovivified
=item open() with more than two arguments
=item Enhanced support for sort() subroutines
=item C<sort $coderef @foo> allowed
=item File globbing implemented internally
=item Support for CHECK blocks
=item POSIX character class syntax [: :] supported
=item Better pseudo-random number generator
=item Improved C<qw//> operator
=item Better worst-case behavior of hashes
=item pack() format 'Z' supported
=item pack() format modifier '!' supported
=item pack() and unpack() support counted strings
=item Comments in pack() templates
=item Binary numbers supported
=item Some arrows may be omitted in calls through references
=item Boolean assignment operators are legal lvalues
=item exists() is supported on subroutine names
=item exists() and delete() are supported on array elements
=item Pseudo-hashes work better
=item Automatic flushing of output buffers
=item Better diagnostics on meaningless filehandle operations
=item Where possible, buffered data discarded from duped input filehandle
=item eof() has the same old magic as <>
=item binmode() can be used to set :crlf and :raw modes
=item C<-T> filetest recognizes UTF-8 encoded files as "text"
=item system(), backticks and pipe open now reflect exec() failure
=item Improved diagnostics
=item Diagnostics follow STDERR
=item More consistent close-on-exec behavior
=item syswrite() ease-of-use
=item Better syntax checks on parenthesized unary operators
=item Bit operators support full native integer width
=item Improved security features
=item More functional bareword prototype (*)
=item C<require> and C<do> may be overridden
=item $^X variables may now have names longer than one character
=item New variable $^C reflects C<-c> switch
=item New variable $^V contains Perl version as a string
=item Optional Y2K warnings
=item Arrays now always interpolate into double-quoted strings
=item @- and @+ provide starting/ending offsets of regex matches
=item Modules and Pragmata
attributes, B, Benchmark, ByteLoader, constant, charnames, Data::Dumper,
DB, DB_File, Devel::DProf, Devel::Peek, Dumpvalue, DynaLoader, English,
Env, Fcntl, File::Compare, File::Find, File::Glob, File::Spec,
File::Spec::Functions, Getopt::Long, IO, JPL, lib, Math::BigInt,
Math::Complex, Math::Trig, Pod::Parser, Pod::InputObjects, Pod::Checker,
podchecker, Pod::ParseUtils, Pod::Find, Pod::Select, podselect, Pod::Usage,
pod2usage, Pod::Text and Pod::Man, SDBM_File, Sys::Syslog, Sys::Hostname,
Term::ANSIColor, Time::Local, Win32, XSLoader, DBM Filters
=item Improved Documentation
perlapi.pod, perlboot.pod, perlcompile.pod, perldbmfilter.pod,
perldebug.pod, perldebguts.pod, perlfork.pod, perlfilter.pod, perlhack.pod,
perlintern.pod, perllexwarn.pod, perlnumber.pod, perlopentut.pod,
perlreftut.pod, perltootc.pod, perltodo.pod, perlunicode.pod
=item Performance enhancements
=item Simple sort() using { $a <=> $b } and the like are optimized
=item Optimized assignments to lexical variables
=item Faster subroutine calls
=item delete(), each(), values() and hash iteration are faster
=item Installation and Configuration Improvements
=item -Dusethreads means something different
=item New Configure flags
=item Threadedness and 64-bitness now more daring
=item Enhanced Installation Directories
=item Platform specific changes
=item Supported platforms
=item OS390 (OpenEdition MVS)
=item Significant bug fixes
=item <HANDLE> on empty files
=item C<eval '...'> improvements
=item All compilation errors are true errors
=item Implicitly closed filehandles are safer
=item Behavior of list slices is more consistent
=item C<(\$)> prototype and C<$foo{a}>
=item C<goto &sub> and AUTOLOAD
=item C<-bareword> allowed under C<use integer>
=item Failures in DESTROY()
=item Spurious subroutine stubs after failed subroutine calls
=item Taint failures under C<-U>
=item END blocks and the C<-c> switch
=item Potential to leak DATA filehandles
=item New or Changed Diagnostics
"%s" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same %s, "my sub" not yet
implemented, "our" variable %s redeclared, '!' allowed only after types %s,
/ cannot take a count, / must be followed by a, A or Z, / must be followed
by a*, A* or Z*, / must follow a numeric type, /%s/: Unrecognized escape
\\%c passed through, /%s/: Unrecognized escape \\%c in character class
passed through, /%s/ should probably be written as "%s", %s() called too
early to check prototype, %s argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element, %s
argument is not a HASH or ARRAY element or slice, %s argument is not a
subroutine name, %s package attribute may clash with future reserved word:
%s, (in cleanup) %s, <> should be quotes, Attempt to join self, Bad evalled
substitution pattern, Bad realloc() ignored, Bareword found in conditional,
Binary number > 0b11111111111111111111111111111111 non-portable, Bit vector
size > 32 non-portable, Buffer overflow in prime_env_iter: %s, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s", Can't declare class for non-scalar %s in "%s",
Can't declare %s in "%s", Can't ignore signal CHLD, forcing to default,
Can't modify non-lvalue subroutine call, Can't read CRTL environ, Can't
remove %s: %s, skipping file, Can't return %s from lvalue subroutine, Can't
weaken a nonreference, Character class [:%s:] unknown, Character class
syntax [%s] belongs inside character classes, Constant is not %s reference,
constant(%s): %s, CORE::%s is not a keyword, defined(@array) is deprecated,
defined(%hash) is deprecated, Did not produce a valid header, (Did you mean
"local" instead of "our"?), Document contains no data, entering effective
%s failed, false [] range "%s" in regexp, Filehandle %s opened only for
output, flock() on closed filehandle %s, Global symbol "%s" requires
explicit package name, Hexadecimal number > 0xffffffff non-portable,
Ill-formed CRTL environ value "%s", Ill-formed message in prime_env_iter:
|%s|, Illegal binary digit %s, Illegal binary digit %s ignored, Illegal
number of bits in vec, Integer overflow in %s number, Invalid %s attribute:
%s, Invalid %s attributes: %s, invalid [] range "%s" in regexp, Invalid
separator character %s in attribute list, Invalid separator character %s in
subroutine attribute list, leaving effective %s failed, Lvalue subs
returning %s not implemented yet, Method %s not permitted, Missing
%sbrace%s on \N{}, Missing command in piped open, Missing name in "my sub",
No %s specified for -%c, No package name allowed for variable %s in "our",
No space allowed after -%c, no UTC offset information; assuming local time
is UTC, Octal number > 037777777777 non-portable, panic: del_backref,
panic: kid popen errno read, panic: magic_killbackrefs, Parentheses missing
around "%s" list, Possible unintended interpolation of %s in string,
Possible Y2K bug: %s, pragma "attrs" is deprecated, use "sub NAME : ATTRS"
instead, Premature end of script headers, Repeat count in pack overflows,
Repeat count in unpack overflows, realloc() of freed memory ignored,
Reference is already weak, setpgrp can't take arguments, Strange *+?{} on
zero-length expression, switching effective %s is not implemented, This
Perl can't reset CRTL environ elements (%s), This Perl can't set CRTL
environ elements (%s=%s), Too late to run %s block, Unknown open() mode
'%s', Unknown process %x sent message to prime_env_iter: %s, Unrecognized
escape \\%c passed through, Unterminated attribute parameter in attribute
list, Unterminated attribute list, Unterminated attribute parameter in
subroutine attribute list, Unterminated subroutine attribute list, Value of
CLI symbol "%s" too long, Version number must be a constant number
=item Incompatible Changes
=item Perl Source Incompatibilities
CHECK is a new keyword, Treatment of list slices of undef has changed,
Format of $English::PERL_VERSION is different, Literals of the form
C<1.2.3> parse differently, Possibly changed pseudo-random number
generator, Hashing function for hash keys has changed, C<undef> fails on
read only values, Close-on-exec bit may be set on pipe and socket handles,
Writing C<"$$1"> to mean C<"${$}1"> is unsupported, delete(), each(),
values() and C<\(%h)>, vec(EXPR,OFFSET,BITS) enforces powers-of-two BITS,
Text of some diagnostic output has changed, C<%@> has been removed,
Parenthesized not() behaves like a list operator, Semantics of bareword
prototype C<(*)> have changed, Semantics of bit operators may have changed
on 64-bit platforms, More builtins taint their results
=item C Source Incompatibilities
C<PERL_POLLUTE>, C<PERL_IMPLICIT_CONTEXT>, C<PERL_POLLUTE_MALLOC>
=item Compatible C Source API Changes
C<PATCHLEVEL> is now C<PERL_VERSION>
=item Binary Incompatibilities
=item Thread test failures
=item EBCDIC platforms not supported
=item In 64-bit HP-UX the lib/io_multihomed test may hang
=item NEXTSTEP 3.3 POSIX test failure
=item Tru64 (aka Digital UNIX, aka DEC OSF/1) lib/sdbm test failure with
=item UNICOS/mk CC failures during Configure run
=item Arrow operator and arrays
=item Experimental features
Threads, Unicode, 64-bit support, Lvalue subroutines, Weak references, The
pseudo-hash data type, The Compiler suite, Internal implementation of file
globbing, The DB module, The regular expression code constructs:
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Ill-formed
logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter, In string, @%s now must be written as
\@%s, Probable precedence problem on %s, regexp too big, Use of "$$<digit>"
to mean "${$}<digit>" is deprecated
=head2 perl5005delta - what's new for perl5.005
=item About the new versioning system
=item Incompatible Changes
=item WARNING: This version is not binary compatible with Perl 5.004.
=item Default installation structure has changed
=item Perl Source Compatibility
=item C Source Compatibility
=item Binary Compatibility
=item Security fixes may affect compatibility
=item Relaxed new mandatory warnings introduced in 5.004
=item Regular Expressions
Many new and improved optimizations, Many bug fixes, New regular expression
constructs, New operator for precompiled regular expressions, Other
improvements, Incompatible changes
=item Quicksort is internally implemented
=item Reliable stack pointers
=item More generous treatment of carriage returns
=item Better support for multiple interpreters
=item Behavior of local() on array and hash elements is now well-defined
=item C<%!> is transparently tied to the L<Errno> module
=item Pseudo-hashes are supported
=item C<EXPR foreach EXPR> is supported
=item Keywords can be globally overridden
=item C<$^E> is meaningful on Win32
=item C<foreach (1..1000000)> optimized
=item C<Foo::> can be used as implicitly quoted package name
=item C<exists $Foo::{Bar::}> tests existence of a package
=item Better locale support
=item Experimental support for 64-bit platforms
=item prototype() returns useful results on builtins
=item Extended support for exception handling
=item Re-blessing in DESTROY() supported for chaining DESTROY() methods
=item All C<printf> format conversions are handled internally
=item New C<INIT> keyword
=item New C<lock> keyword
=item New C<qr//> operator
=item C<our> is now a reserved word
=item Tied arrays are now fully supported
=item Tied handles support is better
=item 4th argument to substr
=item Negative LENGTH argument to splice
=item Magic lvalues are now more magical
=item <> now reads in records
=item Supported Platforms
=item Changes in existing support
=item Modules and Pragmata
B, Data::Dumper, Dumpvalue, Errno, File::Spec, ExtUtils::Installed,
ExtUtils::Packlist, Fatal, IPC::SysV, Test, Tie::Array, Tie::Handle,
Thread, attrs, fields, re
=item Changes in existing modules
Benchmark, Carp, CGI, Fcntl, Math::Complex, Math::Trig, POSIX, DB_File,
=item Documentation Changes
Ambiguous call resolved as CORE::%s(), qualify as such or use &, Bad index
while coercing array into hash, Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent
package, Can't call method "%s" on an undefined value, Can't check
filesystem of script "%s" for nosuid, Can't coerce array into hash, Can't
goto subroutine from an eval-string, Can't localize pseudo-hash element,
Can't use %%! because Errno.pm is not available, Cannot find an opnumber
for "%s", Character class syntax [. .] is reserved for future extensions,
Character class syntax [: :] is reserved for future extensions, Character
class syntax [= =] is reserved for future extensions, %s: Eval-group in
insecure regular expression, %s: Eval-group not allowed, use re 'eval', %s:
Eval-group not allowed at run time, Explicit blessing to '' (assuming
package main), Illegal hex digit ignored, No such array field, No such
field "%s" in variable %s of type %s, Out of memory during ridiculously
large request, Range iterator outside integer range, Recursive inheritance
detected while looking for method '%s' %s, Reference found where even-sized
list expected, Undefined value assigned to typeglob, Use of reserved word
"%s" is deprecated, perl: warning: Setting locale failed
=item Obsolete Diagnostics
Can't mktemp(), Can't write to temp file for B<-e>: %s, Cannot open
temporary file, regexp too big
=item Configuration Changes
=head2 perl5004delta - what's new for perl5.004
=item Supported Environments
=item List assignment to %ENV works
=item Change to "Can't locate Foo.pm in @INC" error
=item Compilation option: Binary compatibility with 5.003
=item $PERL5OPT environment variable
=item Limitations on B<-M>, B<-m>, and B<-T> options
=item More precise warnings
=item Deprecated: Inherited C<AUTOLOAD> for non-methods
=item Previously deprecated %OVERLOAD is no longer usable
=item Subroutine arguments created only when they're modified
=item Group vector changeable with C<$)>
=item Fixed parsing of $$<digit>, &$<digit>, etc.
=item Fixed localization of $<digit>, $&, etc.
=item No resetting of $. on implicit close
=item C<wantarray> may return undef
=item C<eval EXPR> determines value of EXPR in scalar context
=item Changes to tainting checks
No glob() or <*>, No spawning if tainted $CDPATH, $ENV, $BASH_ENV, No
spawning if tainted $TERM doesn't look like a terminal name
=item New Opcode module and revised Safe module
=item Embedding improvements
=item Internal change: FileHandle class based on IO::* classes
=item Internal change: PerlIO abstraction interface
=item New and changed syntax
=item New and changed builtin constants
=item New and changed builtin variables
=item New and changed builtin functions
delete on slices, flock, printf and sprintf, keys as an lvalue, my() in
Control Structures, pack() and unpack(), sysseek(), use VERSION, use Module
VERSION LIST, prototype(FUNCTION), srand, $_ as Default, C<m//gc> does not
reset search position on failure, C<m//x> ignores whitespace before ?*+{},
nested C<sub{}> closures work now, formats work right on changing lexicals
=item New builtin methods
isa(CLASS), can(METHOD), VERSION( [NEED] )
=item TIEHANDLE now supported
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, PRINT this, LIST, PRINTF this, LIST, READ this
LIST, READLINE this, GETC this, DESTROY this
=item Malloc enhancements
-DPERL_EMERGENCY_SBRK, -DPACK_MALLOC, -DTWO_POT_OPTIMIZE
=item Miscellaneous efficiency enhancements
=item Support for More Operating Systems
use autouse MODULE => qw(sub1 sub2 sub3), use blib, use blib 'dir', use
constant NAME => VALUE, use locale, use ops, use vmsish
=item Installation directories
=item Module information summary
=item Object-oriented overrides for builtin operators
Sends converted HTML to standard output
C<void> XSUBs now default to returning nothing
=item C Language API Changes
C<gv_fetchmethod> and C<perl_call_sv>, C<perl_eval_pv>, Extended API for
=item Documentation Changes
L<perldelta>, L<perlfaq>, L<perllocale>, L<perltoot>, L<perlapio>,
L<perlmodlib>, L<perldebug>, L<perlsec>
"my" variable %s masks earlier declaration in same scope, %s argument is
not a HASH element or slice, Allocation too large: %lx, Allocation too
large, Applying %s to %s will act on scalar(%s), Attempt to free
nonexistent shared string, Attempt to use reference as lvalue in substr,
Bareword "%s" refers to nonexistent package, Can't redefine active sort
subroutine %s, Can't use bareword ("%s") as %s ref while "strict refs" in
use, Cannot resolve method `%s' overloading `%s' in package `%s', Constant
subroutine %s redefined, Constant subroutine %s undefined, Copy method did
not return a reference, Died, Exiting pseudo-block via %s, Identifier too
long, Illegal character %s (carriage return), Illegal switch in PERL5OPT:
%s, Integer overflow in hex number, Integer overflow in octal number,
internal error: glob failed, Invalid conversion in %s: "%s", Invalid type
in pack: '%s', Invalid type in unpack: '%s', Name "%s::%s" used only once:
possible typo, Null picture in formline, Offset outside string, Out of
memory!, Out of memory during request for %s, panic: frexp, Possible
attempt to put comments in qw() list, Possible attempt to separate words
with commas, Scalar value @%s{%s} better written as $%s{%s}, Stub found
while resolving method `%s' overloading `%s' in %s, Too late for "B<-T>"
option, untie attempted while %d inner references still exist, Unrecognized
character %s, Unsupported function fork, Use of "$$<digit>" to mean
"${$}<digit>" is deprecated, Value of %s can be "0"; test with defined(),
Variable "%s" may be unavailable, Variable "%s" will not stay shared,
Warning: something's wrong, Ill-formed logical name |%s| in prime_env_iter,
Got an error from DosAllocMem, Malformed PERLLIB_PREFIX, PERL_SH_DIR too
long, Process terminated by SIG%s
=head2 perlartistic - the Perl Artistic License
=item The "Artistic License"
"Package", "Standard Version", "Copyright Holder", "You", "Reasonable
copying fee", "Freely Available"
a), b), c), d), a), b), c), d)
=head2 perlgpl - the GNU General Public License, version 2
=item GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
=head2 perlaix, README.aix - Perl version 5 on IBM Unix (AIX) systems
=item Compiling Perl 5 on AIX
=item Building Dynamic Extensions on AIX
=item The IBM ANSI C Compiler
=item Using GNU's gcc for building perl
=item Using Large Files with Perl
=item AIX 4.2 and extensions using C++ with statics
=head2 perlamiga - Perl under Amiga OS
=item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on AmigaOS
B<Unix emulation for AmigaOS: ixemul.library>, B<Version of Amiga OS>
=item Starting Perl programs under AmigaOS
=item Shortcomings of Perl under AmigaOS
=item Accessing documentation
=item Manpages for Perl on AmigaOS
=item Perl HTML Documentation on AmigaOS
=item Perl GNU Info Files on AmigaOS
=item Perl LaTeX Documentation on AmigaOS
=item BUILDING PERL ON AMIGAOS
=item Build Prerequisites for Perl on AmigaOS
=item Getting the Perl Source for AmigaOS
=item Making Perl on AmigaOS
=item Testing Perl on AmigaOS
=item Installing the built Perl on AmigaOS
=item PERL 5.8.0 BROKEN IN AMIGAOS
=head2 perlapollo, README.apollo - Perl version 5 on Apollo DomainOS
=head2 perlbeos, README.beos - Perl version 5.8+ on BeOS
=head2 perlbs2000, README.BS2000 - building and installing Perl for BS2000.
=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on BS2000
=item Compiling Perl on BS2000
=item Testing Perl on BS2000
=item Installing Perl on BS2000
=item Using Perl in the Posix-Shell of BS2000
=item Using Perl in "native" BS2000
=item Floating point anomalies on BS2000
=item Using PerlIO and different encodings on ASCII and EBCDIC partitions
=head2 perlce - Perl for WinCE
Microsoft Embedded Visual Tools, Microsoft Visual C++, Rainer Keuchel's
celib-sources, Rainer Keuchel's console-sources
go to ./wince subdirectory, edit file compile.bat, run compile.bat, run
=head2 perlcygwin, README.cygwin - Perl for Cygwin
=item PREREQUISITES FOR COMPILING PERL ON CYGWIN
=item Cygwin = GNU+Cygnus+Windows (Don't leave UNIX without it)
=item Cygwin Configuration
C<PATH>, I<nroff>, Permissions
=item CONFIGURE PERL ON CYGWIN
=item Stripping Perl Binaries on Cygwin
=item Optional Libraries for Perl on Cygwin
C<-lcrypt>, C<-lgdbm> (C<use GDBM_File>), C<-ldb> (C<use DB_File>),
C<-lcygipc> (C<use IPC::SysV>), C<-lutil>
=item Configure-time Options for Perl on Cygwin
C<-Uusedl>, C<-Uusemymalloc>, C<-Uuseperlio>, C<-Dusemultiplicity>,
C<-Duse64bitint>, C<-Duselongdouble>, C<-Dusethreads>, C<-Duselargefiles>,
=item Suspicious Warnings on Cygwin
I<dlsym()>, Win9x and C<d_eofnblk>, Compiler/Preprocessor defines
=item File Permissions on Cygwin
=item NDBM_File and ODBM_File do not work on FAT filesystems
=item C<fork()> failures in io_* tests
=item Specific features of the Cygwin port
=item Script Portability on Cygwin
Pathnames, Text/Binary, PerlIO, F<.exe>, cygwin vs. windows process ids,
C<chown()>, Miscellaneous
C<Cwd::cwd>, C<Cygwin::pid_to_winpid>, C<Cygwin::winpid_to_pid>
=item INSTALL PERL ON CYGWIN
Documentation, Build, Configure, Make, Install, Tests, Compiled Perl
Source, Compiled Module Source, Perl Modules/Scripts
=head2 perldgux - Perl under DG/UX.
=item BUILDING PERL ON DG/UX
=item Non-threaded Perl on DG/UX
=item Threaded Perl on DG/UX
=item Testing Perl on DG/UX
=item Installing the built perl on DG/UX
=head2 perldos - Perl under DOS, W31, W95.
=item Prerequisites for Compiling Perl on DOS
=item Shortcomings of Perl under DOS
=item Building Perl on DOS
=item Testing Perl on DOS
=item Installation of Perl on DOS
=item BUILDING AND INSTALLING MODULES ON DOS
=item Building Prerequisites for Perl on DOS
=item Unpacking CPAN Modules on DOS
=item Building Non-XS Modules on DOS
=item Building XS Modules on DOS
=head2 perlepoc, README.epoc - Perl for EPOC
=item INSTALLING PERL ON EPOC
=item STARTING PERL ON EPOC
=item Features of Perl on Epoc
=item Restrictions of Perl on Epoc
=item Compiling Perl 5 on the EPOC cross compiling environment
=item SUPPORT STATUS OF PERL ON EPOC
=head2 perlfreebsd, README.freebsd - Perl version 5 on FreeBSD systems
=item FreeBSD core dumps from readdir_r with ithreads
=item $^X doesn't always contain a full path in FreeBSD
=item Perl will no longer be part of "base FreeBSD"
=head2 perlhpux, README.hpux - Perl version 5 on Hewlett-Packard Unix
=item Using perl as shipped with HP-UX
=item Using perl from HP's porting centre
=item Compiling Perl 5 on HP-UX
=item Portability Between PA-RISC Versions
=item Itanium Processor Family and HP-UX
=item Itanium & Itanium 2
=item Building Dynamic Extensions on HP-UX
=item The HP ANSI C Compiler
=item Using Large Files with Perl on HP-UX
=item Threaded Perl on HP-UX
=item 64-bit Perl on HP-UX
=item GDBM and Threads on HP-UX
=item NFS filesystems and utime(2) on HP-UX
=item perl -P and // and HP-UX
=item HP-UX Kernel Parameters (maxdsiz) for Compiling Perl
=item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
=head2 perlhurd, README.hurd - Perl version 5 on Hurd
=item Known Problems with Perl on Hurd
=head2 perlirix, README.irix - Perl version 5 on Irix systems
=item Building 32-bit Perl in Irix
=item Building 64-bit Perl in Irix
=item About Compiler Versions of Irix
=item Linker Problems in Irix
=item Building with threads in Irix
=head2 perllinux, README.linux - Perl version 5 on Linux systems
=item Experimental Support for Sun Studio Compilers for Linux OS
=head2 perlmachten, README.machten - Perl version 5 on Power MachTen
=item Perl version 5.8.x and greater not supported
=item Compiling Perl 5.6.x on MachTen
=item Failures during C<make test> on MachTen
op/lexassign.t, pragma/warnings.t
=item Building external modules on MachTen
=head2 perlmacos, README.macos - Perl under Mac OS (Classic)
=head2 perlmacosx, README.macosx - Perl under Mac OS X
=item Installation Prefix
=item libperl and Prebinding
=item Updating Apple-supplied Perl
=item Intel processor support
=item Starting From Scratch
=head2 perlmint, README.mint - Perl version 5 on Atari MiNT
=item Known problems with Perl on MiNT
=head2 perlmpeix, README.mpeix - Perl/iX for HP e3000 MPE
=item Binary distribution from HP
=item What's New in Perl for MPE/iX
=item System Requirements for Perl/iX
=item How to Obtain Perl/iX
=item Perl/iX Distribution Contents Highlights
README, INSTALL, LIBSHP3K, PERL, .cpan/, lib/, man/,
public_html/feedback.cgi, src/perl-5.6.0-mpe
=item How to Compile Perl/iX
=item Getting Started with Perl/iX
=item MPE/iX Implementation Considerations
=item Known Perl/iX Bugs Under Investigation
=item Perl/iX Change History
=head2 perlnetware - Perl for NetWare
SetNWBld.bat, Buildtype.bat
=item BUILD NEW EXTENSIONS
=head2 perlopenbsd, README.openbsd - Perl version 5 on OpenBSD systems
=item OpenBSD core dumps from getprotobyname_r and getservbyname_r with
=head2 perlos2 - Perl under OS/2, DOS, Win0.3*, Win0.95 and WinNT.
=item Starting Perl programs under OS/2 (and DOS and...)
=item Starting OS/2 (and DOS) programs under Perl
=item Frequently asked questions
=item I cannot run external programs
=item I cannot embed perl into my program, or use F<perl.dll> from my
Is your program EMX-compiled with C<-Zmt -Zcrtdll>?, Did you use
=item C<``> and pipe-C<open> do not work under DOS.
=item Cannot start C<find.exe "pattern" file>
=item Automatic binary installation
C<PERL_BADLANG>, C<PERL_BADFREE>, F<Config.pm>
=item Manual binary installation
Perl VIO and PM executables (dynamically linked), Perl_ VIO executable
(statically linked), Executables for Perl utilities, Main Perl library,
Additional Perl modules, Tools to compile Perl modules, Manpages for Perl
and utilities, Manpages for Perl modules, Source for Perl documentation,
Perl manual in F<.INF> format, Pdksh
=item Accessing documentation
=item Getting perl source
=item Application of the patches
A lot of C<bad free>, Process terminated by SIGTERM/SIGINT, F<op/fs.t>,
=item Installing the built perl
=item C<a.out>-style build
=item Building a binary distribution
=item Building custom F<.EXE> files
=item Making executables with a custom collection of statically loaded
=item Making executables with a custom search-paths
=item Some C</> became C<\> in pdksh.
=item C<'errno'> - unresolved external
=item Problems with tr or sed
=item Some problem (forget which ;-)
=item Library ... not found
=item op/sprintf test failure
=item Specific (mis)features of OS/2 port
=item C<setpriority>, C<getpriority>
=item C<extproc> on the first line
=item Additional modules:
C<File::Copy::syscopy>, C<DynaLoader::mod2fname>, C<Cwd::current_drive()>,
C<Cwd::sys_chdir(name)>, C<Cwd::change_drive(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_is_absolute(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_is_rooted(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_is_relative(name)>, C<Cwd::sys_cwd(name)>,
C<Cwd::sys_abspath(name, dir)>, C<Cwd::extLibpath([type])>,
C<Cwd::extLibpath_set( path [, type ] )>,
C<OS2::Error(do_harderror,do_exception)>, C<OS2::Errors2Drive(drive)>,
OS2::SysInfo(), OS2::BootDrive(), C<OS2::MorphPM(serve)>,
C<OS2::UnMorphPM(serve)>, C<OS2::Serve_Messages(force)>,
C<OS2::Process_Messages(force [, cnt])>, C<OS2::_control87(new,mask)>,
OS2::get_control87(), C<OS2::set_control87_em(new=MCW_EM,mask=MCW_EM)>,
C<OS2::DLLname([how [, \&xsub]])>
=item Prebuilt variables:
$OS2::emx_rev, $OS2::emx_env, $OS2::os_ver, $OS2::is_aout, $OS2::can_fork,
C<popen>, C<tmpnam>, C<tmpfile>, C<ctermid>, C<stat>, C<mkdir>, C<rmdir>,
=item Centralized management of resources
C<HAB>, C<HMQ>, Treating errors reported by OS/2 API,
C<CheckOSError(expr)>, C<CheckWinError(expr)>, C<SaveWinError(expr)>,
C<SaveCroakWinError(expr,die,name1,name2)>, C<WinError_2_Perl_rc>,
C<FillWinError>, C<FillOSError(rc)>, Loading DLLs and ordinals in DLLs
=item Why dynamic linking?
=item Text-mode filehandles
=item DLL name mangling: pre 5.6.2
=item DLL name mangling: 5.6.2 and beyond
Global DLLs, specific DLLs, C<BEGINLIBPATH> and C<ENDLIBPATH>, F<.> from
=item DLL forwarder generation
=item Calls to external programs
=head2 perlos390, README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390
=item Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390
=item Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390
=item Configure Perl on OS/390
=item Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390
=item Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390
=item Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390
=item Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390
=item Mailing list for Perl on OS/390
=head2 perlos400, README.os400 - Perl version 5 on OS/400
=item Compiling Perl for OS/400 PASE
=item Installing Perl in OS/400 PASE
=item Using Perl in OS/400 PASE
=head2 perlplan9 - Plan 9-specific documentation for Perl
=item What's in Plan 9 Perl
=item What's not in Plan 9 Perl
=item Perl5 Functions not currently supported in Plan 9 Perl
=item Signals in Plan 9 Perl
=item COMPILING AND INSTALLING PERL ON PLAN 9
=item Installing Perl Documentation on Plan 9
=head2 perlqnx, README.qnx - Perl version 5 on QNX
=item Required Software for Compiling Perl on QNX4
/bin/sh, ar, nm, cpp, make
=item Outstanding Issues with Perl on QNX4
=item QNX auxiliary files
=item Outstanding issues with perl under QNX6
=head2 perlsolaris, README.solaris - Perl version 5 on Solaris systems
=item Solaris Version Numbers.
Solaris FAQ, Precompiled Binaries, Solaris Documentation
=item File Extraction Problems on Solaris.
=item Compiler and Related Tools on Solaris.
=item Environment for Compiling perl on Solaris
=item 64-bit perl on Solaris.
=item Threads in perl on Solaris.
=item Malloc Issues with perl on Solaris.
Dynamic Loading Problems With GNU as and GNU ld, ld.so.1: ./perl: fatal:
relocation error:, dlopen: stub interception failed, #error "No
DATAMODEL_NATIVE specified", sh: ar: not found, warning: dead part of
constant expression is nonconstant
=item op/stat.t test 4 in Solaris
=item nss_delete core dump from op/pwent or op/grent
=item PREBUILT BINARIES OF PERL FOR SOLARIS.
=item RUNTIME ISSUES FOR PERL ON SOLARIS.
=item Limits on Numbers of Open Files on Solaris.
=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC MODULES.
=item SOLARIS-SPECIFIC PROBLEMS WITH MODULES.
=item Proc::ProcessTable on Solaris
=item BSD::Resource on Solaris
=item Net::SSLeay on Solaris
=head2 perltru64, README.tru64 - Perl version 5 on Tru64 (formerly known as
Digital UNIX formerly known as DEC OSF/1) systems
=item Compiling Perl 5 on Tru64
=item Using Large Files with Perl on Tru64
=item Threaded Perl on Tru64
=item Long Doubles on Tru64
=item DB_File tests failing on Tru64
=item 64-bit Perl on Tru64
=item Warnings about floating-point overflow when compiling Perl on Tru64
=item Testing Perl on Tru64
=item ext/ODBM_File/odbm Test Failing With Static Builds
=item Perl Fails Because Of Unresolved Symbol sockatmark
=head2 perluts - Perl under UTS
=item BUILDING PERL ON UTS
=item Installing the built perl on UTS
=head2 perlvmesa, README.vmesa - building and installing Perl for VM/ESA.
=item Unpacking Perl Distribution on VM/ESA
=item Setup Perl and utilities on VM/ESA
=item Configure Perl on VM/ESA
=item Testing Anomalies of Perl on VM/ESA
=item Usage Hints for Perl on VM/ESA
=item Mailing list for Perl on VM/ESA
=head2 perlvms - VMS-specific documentation for Perl
=item Organization of Perl Images
=item Installing static extensions
=item Installing dynamic extensions
=item File specifications
=item PERL5LIB and PERLLIB
=item I/O redirection and backgrounding
=item Command line switches
File tests, backticks, binmode FILEHANDLE, crypt PLAINTEXT, USER, dump,
exec LIST, fork, getpwent, getpwnam, getpwuid, gmtime, kill, qx//, select
(system call), stat EXPR, system LIST, time, times, unlink LIST, utime
%ENV, CRTL_ENV, CLISYM_[LOCAL], Any other string, $!, $^E, $?, $|
=item Standard modules with VMS-specific differences
=head2 perlvos, README.vos - Perl for Stratus VOS
=item Multiple methods to build perl for VOS
=item Stratus POSIX Support
=item INSTALLING PERL IN VOS
=item Compiling Perl 5 on VOS
=item Installing Perl 5 on VOS
=item Unimplemented Features of Perl on VOS
=item Restrictions of Perl on VOS
=item Handling of underflow and overflow
=head2 perlwin32 - Perl under Windows
=item Setting Up Perl on Win32
Make, Command Shell, Borland C++, Microsoft Visual C++, Microsoft Visual
C++ Toolkit 2003, Microsoft Platform SDK 64-bit Compiler, MinGW release 3
with gcc, MinGW release 1 with gcc
=item Testing Perl on Win32
=item Installation of Perl on Win32
=item Usage Hints for Perl on Win32
Environment Variables, File Globbing, Using perl from the command line,
Building Extensions, Command-line Wildcard Expansion, Win32 Specific
Extensions, Notes on 64-bit Windows
=item Running Perl Scripts
=item Miscellaneous Things
Gary Ng E<lt>71564.1743@CompuServe.COME<gt>, Gurusamy Sarathy
E<lt>gsar@activestate.comE<gt>, Nick Ing-Simmons
E<lt>nick@ing-simmons.netE<gt>, Jan Dubois E<lt>jand@activestate.comE<gt>,
Steve Hay E<lt>steve.hay@uk.radan.comE<gt>
=head1 PRAGMA DOCUMENTATION
=head2 attrs - set/get attributes of a subroutine (deprecated)
=head2 re - Perl pragma to alter regular expression behaviour
=head2 threadshared::shared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing
data structures between threads
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
=head2 threads - Perl extension allowing use of interpreter based threads
$thread = threads->create(function, LIST), $thread->join, $thread->detach,
threads->self, $thread->tid, threads->object( tid ), threads->yield();,
threads->list();, async BLOCK;
A thread exited while %d other threads were still running
Parent-Child threads, tid is I32, Returning objects, Creating threads
inside BEGIN blocks, PERL_OLD_SIGNALS are not threadsafe, will not be
=item AUTHOR and COPYRIGHT
=head2 attributes - get/set subroutine or variable attributes
=item Built-in Attributes
=item Available Subroutines
=item Package-specific Attribute Handling
FETCH_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES, MODIFY_I<type>_ATTRIBUTES
=item Syntax of Attribute Lists
=item Export tags defined
=head2 autouse - postpone load of modules until a function is used
=head2 base - Establish IS-A relationship with base classes at compile time
Base class package "%s" is empty
=head2 bigint - Transparent BigInteger support for Perl
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
=head2 bignum - Transparent BigNumber support for Perl
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
=head2 bigrat - Transparent BigNumber/BigRational support for Perl
a or accuracy, p or precision, t or trace, l or lib, v or version
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print sqrt(33)'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 4.5+2*255'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 3/7 + 5/7 + 8/3'
perl -Mbigrat -le 'print 12->is_odd()';
=head2 blib - Use MakeMaker's uninstalled version of a package
=head2 bytes - Perl pragma to force byte semantics rather than character
=head2 charnames - define character names for C<\N{named}> string literal
=item charnames::viacode(code)
=item charnames::vianame(name)
=head2 constant - Perl pragma to declare constants
=item Defining multiple constants at once
=head2 diagnostics, splain - produce verbose warning diagnostics
=item The C<diagnostics> Pragma
=item The I<splain> Program
=head2 encoding - allows you to write your script in non-ascii or non-utf8
=item Literal Conversions
=item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
=item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
=item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
=item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
Legend of characters above
=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
=item The Logic of :locale
=head2 fields - compile-time class fields
=head2 filetest - Perl pragma to control the filetest permission operators
=head2 if - C<use> a Perl module if a condition holds
=head2 integer - Perl pragma to use integer arithmetic instead of floating
=head2 less - perl pragma to request less of something from the compiler
=head2 lib - manipulate @INC at compile time
=item Adding directories to @INC
=item Deleting directories from @INC
=item Restoring original @INC
=head2 locale - Perl pragma to use and avoid POSIX locales for built-in
=head2 open - perl pragma to set default PerlIO layers for input and output
=item NONPERLIO FUNCTIONALITY
=item IMPLEMENTATION DETAILS
=head2 ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when compiling
=head2 overload - Package for overloading Perl operations
=item Declaration of overloaded functions
=item Calling Conventions for Binary Operations
=item Calling Conventions for Unary Operations
=item Calling Conventions for Mutators
C<++> and C<-->, C<x=> and other assignment versions
=item Overloadable Operations
I<Arithmetic operations>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Bit operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, I<Transcendental functions>, I<Boolean, string
and numeric conversion>, I<Iteration>, I<Dereferencing>, I<Special>
=item Inheritance and overloading
Strings as values of C<use overload> directive, Overloading of an operation
is inherited by derived classes
=item SPECIAL SYMBOLS FOR C<use overload>
C<undef>, TRUE, defined, but FALSE
=item MAGIC AUTOGENERATION
I<Assignment forms of arithmetic operations>, I<Conversion operations>,
I<Increment and decrement>, C<abs($a)>, I<Unary minus>, I<Negation>,
I<Concatenation>, I<Comparison operations>, I<Iterator>, I<Dereferencing>,
=item Run-time Overloading
overload::StrVal(arg), overload::Overloaded(arg), overload::Method(obj,op)
=item Overloading constants
integer, float, binary, q, qr
=item Two-face references
=item Symbolic calculator
=item I<Really> symbolic calculator
Odd number of arguments for overload::constant, `%s' is not an overloadable
type, `%s' is not a code reference
=head2 sigtrap - Perl pragma to enable simple signal handling
B<stack-trace>, B<die>, B<handler> I<your-handler>
B<normal-signals>, B<error-signals>, B<old-interface-signals>
B<untrapped>, B<any>, I<signal>, I<number>
=head2 sort - perl pragma to control sort() behaviour
=head2 strict - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe constructs
C<strict refs>, C<strict vars>, C<strict subs>
=head2 subs - Perl pragma to predeclare sub names
=head2 threadshared, threads::shared - Perl extension for sharing data
structures between threads
share VARIABLE, lock VARIABLE, cond_wait VARIABLE, cond_wait CONDVAR,
LOCKVAR, cond_timedwait VARIABLE, ABS_TIMEOUT, cond_timedwait CONDVAR,
ABS_TIMEOUT, LOCKVAR, cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE
=head2 utf8 - Perl pragma to enable/disable UTF-8 (or UTF-EBCDIC) in source
$num_octets = utf8::upgrade($string), $success = utf8::downgrade($string[,
FAIL_OK]), utf8::encode($string), utf8::decode($string), $flag =
utf8::is_utf8(STRING), $flag = utf8::valid(STRING)
=head2 vars - Perl pragma to predeclare global variable names (obsolete)
=head2 vmsish - Perl pragma to control VMS-specific language features
C<vmsish status>, C<vmsish exit>, C<vmsish time>, C<vmsish hushed>
=head2 warnings - Perl pragma to control optional warnings
use warnings::register, warnings::enabled(), warnings::enabled($category),
warnings::enabled($object), warnings::warn($message),
warnings::warn($category, $message), warnings::warn($object, $message),
warnings::warnif($message), warnings::warnif($category, $message),
warnings::warnif($object, $message)
=head2 warnings::register - warnings import function
=head1 MODULE DOCUMENTATION
=head2 AnyDBM_File - provide framework for multiple DBMs
=head2 Attribute::Handlers - Simpler definition of attribute handlers
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
=item Type-specific attribute handlers
=item Non-interpretive attribute handlers
=item Phase-specific attribute handlers
=item Attributes as C<tie> interfaces
C<Bad attribute type: ATTR(%s)>, C<Attribute handler %s doesn't handle %s
attributes>, C<Declaration of %s attribute in package %s may clash with
future reserved word>, C<Can't have two ATTR specifiers on one subroutine>,
C<Can't autotie a %s>, C<Internal error: %s symbol went missing>, C<Won't
be able to apply END handler>
=head2 AutoLoader - load subroutines only on demand
=item Using B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
=item Overriding B<AutoLoader>'s AUTOLOAD Subroutine
=item Not Using AutoLoader
=item B<AutoLoader> vs. B<SelfLoader>
=head2 AutoSplit - split a package for autoloading
=head2 B - The Perl Compiler
=item Functions Returning C<B::SV>, C<B::AV>, C<B::HV>, and C<B::CV>
sv_undef, sv_yes, sv_no, svref_2object(SVREF), amagic_generation, init_av,
check_av, begin_av, end_av, comppadlist, regex_padav, main_cv
=item Functions for Examining the Symbol Table
walksymtable(SYMREF, METHOD, RECURSE, PREFIX)
=item Functions Returning C<B::OP> objects or for walking op trees
main_root, main_start, walkoptree(OP, METHOD), walkoptree_debug(DEBUG)
=item Miscellaneous Utility Functions
ppname(OPNUM), hash(STR), cast_I32(I), minus_c, cstring(STR),
perlstring(STR), class(OBJ), threadsv_names
=item OVERVIEW OF CLASSES
REFCNT, FLAGS, object_2svref
IV, IVX, UVX, int_value, needs64bits, packiv
MOREMAGIC, precomp, PRIVATE, TYPE, FLAGS, OBJ, PTR, REGEX
TARGOFF, TARGLEN, TYPE, TARG
USEFUL, PREVIOUS, RARE, TABLE
is_empty, NAME, SAFENAME, STASH, SV, IO, FORM, AV, HV, EGV, CV, CVGEN,
LINE, FILE, FILEGV, GvREFCNT, FLAGS
LINES, PAGE, PAGE_LEN, LINES_LEFT, TOP_NAME, TOP_GV, FMT_NAME, FMT_GV,
BOTTOM_NAME, BOTTOM_GV, SUBPROCESS, IoTYPE, IoFLAGS, IsSTD
FILL, MAX, OFF, ARRAY, ARRAYelt, AvFLAGS
STASH, START, ROOT, GV, FILE, DEPTH, PADLIST, OUTSIDE, OUTSIDE_SEQ, XSUB,
XSUBANY, CvFLAGS, const_sv
FILL, MAX, KEYS, RITER, NAME, PMROOT, ARRAY
next, sibling, name, ppaddr, desc, targ, type, opt, static, flags, private,
pmreplroot, pmreplstart, pmnext, pmregexp, pmflags, pmdynflags,
pmpermflags, precomp, pmoffset
label, stash, stashpv, file, cop_seq, arybase, line, warnings, io
=head2 B::Asmdata - Autogenerated data about Perl ops, used to generate
%insn_data, @insn_name, @optype, @specialsv_name
=head2 B::Assembler - Assemble Perl bytecode
=head2 B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
=head2 B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
=head2 B::C - Perl compiler's C backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-D>, B<-Do>, B<-Dc>, B<-DA>,
B<-DC>, B<-DM>, B<-f>, B<-fcog>, B<-fsave-data>, B<-fppaddr>, B<-fwarn-sv>,
B<-fuse-script-name>, B<-fsave-sig-hash>, B<-On>, B<-O0>, B<-O1>, B<-O2>,
=head2 B::CC - Perl compiler's optimized C translation backend
B<-ofilename>, B<-v>, B<-->, B<-uPackname>, B<-mModulename>, B<-D>, B<-Dr>,
B<-DO>, B<-Ds>, B<-Dp>, B<-Dq>, B<-Dl>, B<-Dt>, B<-f>,
B<-ffreetmps-each-bblock>, B<-ffreetmps-each-loop>, B<-fomit-taint>, B<-On>
=item Deprecated features
=head2 B::Concise - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing concise info about ops
=item Options for Opcode Ordering
B<-basic>, B<-exec>, B<-tree>
=item Options for Line-Style
B<-concise>, B<-terse>, B<-linenoise>, B<-debug>, B<-env>
=item Options for tree-specific formatting
B<-compact>, B<-loose>, B<-vt>, B<-ascii>
=item Options controlling sequence numbering
B<-base>I<n>, B<-bigendian>, B<-littleendian>
B<-main>, B<-nomain>, B<-nobanner>, B<-banner>, B<-banneris> => subref
=item OP class abbreviations
=item OP flags abbreviations
=item FORMATTING SPECIFICATIONS
B<(x(>I<exec_text>B<;>I<basic_text>B<)x)>, B<(*(>I<text>B<)*)>,
B<(*(>I<text1>B<;>I<text2>B<)*)>, B<(?(>I<text1>B<#>I<var>I<Text2>B<)?)>,
B<#>I<var>, B<#>I<var>I<N>, B<#>I<Var>, B<#addr>, B<#arg>, B<#class>,
B<#classsym>, B<#coplabel>, B<#exname>, B<#extarg>, B<#firstaddr>,
B<#flags>, B<#flagval>, B<#hyphseq>, B<#label>, B<#lastaddr>, B<#name>,
B<#NAME>, B<#next>, B<#nextaddr>, B<#noise>, B<#private>, B<#privval>,
B<#seq>, B<#seqnum>, B<#opt>, B<#static>, B<#sibaddr>, B<#svaddr>,
B<#svclass>, B<#svval>, B<#targ>, B<#targarg>, B<#targarglife>, B<#typenum>
=item Using B::Concise outside of the O framework
=item Example: Altering Concise Renderings
=item set_style_standard($name)
=item Running B::Concise::compile()
=item B::Concise::reset_sequence()
=head2 B::Debug - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing debug info about ops
=head2 B::Deparse - Perl compiler backend to produce perl code
B<-d>, B<-f>I<FILE>, B<-l>, B<-p>, B<-P>, B<-q>, B<-s>I<LETTERS>, B<C>,
B<i>I<NUMBER>, B<T>, B<v>I<STRING>B<.>, B<-x>I<LEVEL>
=item USING B::Deparse AS A MODULE
strict, $[, bytes, utf8, integer, re, warnings, hint_bits, warning_bits
=head2 B::Disassembler - Disassemble Perl bytecode
=head2 B::Lint - Perl lint
=item OPTIONS AND LINT CHECKS
B<context>, B<implicit-read> and B<implicit-write>, B<bare-subs>,
B<dollar-underscore>, B<private-names>, B<undefined-subs>,
B<regexp-variables>, B<all>, B<none>
=item NON LINT-CHECK OPTIONS
=head2 B::O, O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
=head2 B::Showlex - Show lexical variables used in functions or files
=head2 B::Stackobj - Helper module for CC backend
=head2 B::Stash - show what stashes are loaded
=head2 B::Terse - Walk Perl syntax tree, printing terse info about ops
=head2 B::Xref - Generates cross reference reports for Perl programs
C<-oFILENAME>, C<-r>, C<-d>, C<-D[tO]>
=head2 Bblock, B::Bblock - Walk basic blocks
=head2 Benchmark - benchmark running times of Perl code
timeit(COUNT, CODE), timethis ( COUNT, CODE, [ TITLE, [ STYLE ]] ),
timethese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), timediff ( T1, T2 ), timestr (
TIMEDIFF, [ STYLE, [ FORMAT ] ] )
clearcache ( COUNT ), clearallcache ( ), cmpthese ( COUNT, CODEHASHREF, [
STYLE ] ), cmpthese ( RESULTSHASHREF, [ STYLE ] ), countit(TIME, CODE),
disablecache ( ), enablecache ( ), timesum ( T1, T2 )
=item MODIFICATION HISTORY
=head2 ByteLoader - load byte compiled perl code
=head2 Bytecode, B::Bytecode - Perl compiler's bytecode backend
B<-b>, B<-H>, B<-k>, B<-o>I<outfile>, B<-s>
=head2 CGI - Simple Common Gateway Interface Class
=item CALLING CGI.PM ROUTINES
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT (OBJECT-ORIENTED STYLE):
=item CREATING A NEW QUERY OBJECT FROM AN INPUT FILE
=item FETCHING A LIST OF KEYWORDS FROM THE QUERY:
=item FETCHING THE NAMES OF ALL THE PARAMETERS PASSED TO YOUR SCRIPT:
=item FETCHING THE VALUE OR VALUES OF A SINGLE NAMED PARAMETER:
=item SETTING THE VALUE(S) OF A NAMED PARAMETER:
=item APPENDING ADDITIONAL VALUES TO A NAMED PARAMETER:
=item IMPORTING ALL PARAMETERS INTO A NAMESPACE:
=item DELETING A PARAMETER COMPLETELY:
=item DELETING ALL PARAMETERS:
=item HANDLING NON-URLENCODED ARGUMENTS
=item DIRECT ACCESS TO THE PARAMETER LIST:
=item FETCHING THE PARAMETER LIST AS A HASH:
=item SAVING THE STATE OF THE SCRIPT TO A FILE:
=item RETRIEVING CGI ERRORS
=item USING THE FUNCTION-ORIENTED INTERFACE
B<:cgi>, B<:form>, B<:html2>, B<:html3>, B<:html4>, B<:netscape>, B<:html>,
-any, -compile, -nosticky, -tabindex, -no_undef_params, -no_xhtml, -nph,
-newstyle_urls, -oldstyle_urls, -autoload, -no_debug, -debug,
=item SPECIAL FORMS FOR IMPORTING HTML-TAG FUNCTIONS
1. start_table() (generates a <table> tag), 2. end_table() (generates a
</table> tag), 3. start_ul() (generates a <ul> tag), 4. end_ul() (generates
=item GENERATING DYNAMIC DOCUMENTS
=item CREATING A STANDARD HTTP HEADER:
=item GENERATING A REDIRECTION HEADER
=item CREATING THE HTML DOCUMENT HEADER
B<Parameters:>, 4, 5, 6..
=item ENDING THE HTML DOCUMENT:
=item CREATING A SELF-REFERENCING URL THAT PRESERVES STATE INFORMATION:
=item OBTAINING THE SCRIPT'S URL
B<-absolute>, B<-relative>, B<-full>, B<-path> (B<-path_info>), B<-query>
(B<-query_string>), B<-base>, B<-rewrite>
=item MIXING POST AND URL PARAMETERS
=item CREATING STANDARD HTML ELEMENTS:
=item PROVIDING ARGUMENTS TO HTML SHORTCUTS
=item THE DISTRIBUTIVE PROPERTY OF HTML SHORTCUTS
=item HTML SHORTCUTS AND LIST INTERPOLATION
=item NON-STANDARD HTML SHORTCUTS
$escaped_string = escapeHTML("unescaped string");, $charset =
charset([$charset]);, $flag = autoEscape([$flag]);
=item PRETTY-PRINTING HTML
=item CREATING FILL-OUT FORMS:
=item CREATING AN ISINDEX TAG
=item STARTING AND ENDING A FORM
B<application/x-www-form-urlencoded>, B<multipart/form-data>
B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-values>, B<-tabindex>, B<-id>, B<-override>,
B<-onChange>, B<-onFocus>, B<-onBlur>, B<-onMouseOver>, B<-onMouseOut>,
=item CREATING A TEXT FIELD
=item CREATING A BIG TEXT FIELD
=item CREATING A PASSWORD FIELD
=item CREATING A FILE UPLOAD FIELD
=item CREATING A POPUP MENU
=item CREATING AN OPTION GROUP
=item CREATING A SCROLLING LIST
=item CREATING A GROUP OF RELATED CHECKBOXES
=item CREATING A STANDALONE CHECKBOX
=item CREATING A RADIO BUTTON GROUP
=item CREATING A SUBMIT BUTTON
=item CREATING A RESET BUTTON
=item CREATING A DEFAULT BUTTON
=item CREATING A HIDDEN FIELD
=item CREATING A CLICKABLE IMAGE BUTTON
B<Parameters:>, 3. The third option (-align, optional) is an alignment
type, and may be TOP, BOTTOM or MIDDLE
=item CREATING A JAVASCRIPT ACTION BUTTON
1. an expiration time, 2. a domain, 3. a path, 4. a "secure" flag,
B<-name>, B<-value>, B<-path>, B<-domain>, B<-expires>, B<-secure>
=item WORKING WITH FRAMES
1. Create a <Frameset> document, 2. Specify the destination for the
document in the HTTP header, 3. Specify the destination for the document in
=item SUPPORT FOR JAVASCRIPT
B<onLoad>, B<onUnload>, B<onSubmit>, B<onClick>, B<onChange>, B<onFocus>,
B<onBlur>, B<onSelect>, B<onMouseOver>, B<onMouseOut>
=item LIMITED SUPPORT FOR CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
=item DUMPING OUT ALL THE NAME/VALUE PAIRS
=item FETCHING ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
B<Accept()>, B<raw_cookie()>, B<user_agent()>, B<path_info()>,
B<path_translated()>, B<remote_host()>, B<script_name()> Return the script
name as a partial URL, for self-refering scripts, B<referer()>, B<auth_type
()>, B<server_name ()>, B<virtual_host ()>, B<server_port ()>,
B<virtual_port ()>, B<server_software ()>, B<remote_user ()>, B<user_name
()>, B<request_method()>, B<content_type()>, B<http()>, B<https()>
In the B<use> statement, By calling the B<nph()> method:, By using B<-nph>
multipart_init(), multipart_start(), multipart_end(), multipart_final()
=item Avoiding Denial of Service Attacks
B<$CGI::POST_MAX>, B<$CGI::DISABLE_UPLOADS>, B<1. On a script-by-script
basis>, B<2. Globally for all scripts>
=item COMPATIBILITY WITH CGI-LIB.PL
Matt Heffron (heffron@falstaff.css.beckman.com), James Taylor
(james.taylor@srs.gov), Scott Anguish <sanguish@digifix.com>, Mike Jewell
(mlj3u@virginia.edu), Timothy Shimmin (tes@kbs.citri.edu.au), Joergen Haegg
(jh@axis.se), Laurent Delfosse (delfosse@delfosse.com), Richard Resnick
(applepi1@aol.com), Craig Bishop (csb@barwonwater.vic.gov.au), Tony Curtis
(tc@vcpc.univie.ac.at), Tim Bunce (Tim.Bunce@ig.co.uk), Tom Christiansen
(tchrist@convex.com), Andreas Koenig (k@franz.ww.TU-Berlin.DE), Tim
MacKenzie (Tim.MacKenzie@fulcrum.com.au), Kevin B. Hendricks
(kbhend@dogwood.tyler.wm.edu), Stephen Dahmen (joyfire@inxpress.net), Ed
Jordan (ed@fidalgo.net), David Alan Pisoni (david@cnation.com), Doug
MacEachern (dougm@opengroup.org), Robin Houston (robin@oneworld.org),
=item A COMPLETE EXAMPLE OF A SIMPLE FORM-BASED SCRIPT
=head2 CGI::Apache - Backward compatibility module for CGI.pm
=head2 CGI::Carp, B<CGI::Carp> - CGI routines for writing to the HTTPD (or
=item REDIRECTING ERROR MESSAGES
=item MAKING PERL ERRORS APPEAR IN THE BROWSER WINDOW
=item Changing the default message
=item MAKING WARNINGS APPEAR AS HTML COMMENTS
=item OVERRIDING THE NAME OF THE PROGRAM
=head2 CGI::Cookie - Interface to Netscape Cookies
B<1. expiration date>, B<2. domain>, B<3. path>, B<4. secure flag>
=item Creating New Cookies
=item Sending the Cookie to the Browser
=item Recovering Previous Cookies
=item Manipulating Cookies
B<name()>, B<value()>, B<domain()>, B<path()>, B<expires()>
=head2 CGI::Fast - CGI Interface for Fast CGI
=item OTHER PIECES OF THE PUZZLE
=item WRITING FASTCGI PERL SCRIPTS
=item INSTALLING FASTCGI SCRIPTS
=item USING FASTCGI SCRIPTS AS CGI SCRIPTS
=item EXTERNAL FASTCGI SERVER INVOCATION
FCGI_SOCKET_PATH, FCGI_LISTEN_QUEUE
=head2 CGI::Pretty - module to produce nicely formatted HTML code
=item Tags that won't be formatted
=item Customizing the Indenting
=head2 CGI::Push - Simple Interface to Server Push
-next_page, -last_page, -type, -delay, -cookie, -target, -expires, -nph
=item Heterogeneous Pages
=item Changing the Page Delay on the Fly
=item INSTALLING CGI::Push SCRIPTS
=head2 CGI::Switch - Backward compatibility module for defunct CGI::Switch
=head2 CGI::Util - Internal utilities used by CGI module
=head2 CPAN - query, download and build perl modules from CPAN sites
Searching for authors, bundles, distribution files and modules, make, test,
install, clean modules or distributions, get, readme, perldoc, look module
or distribution, ls author, ls globbing_expresion, Signals
=item The four C<CPAN::*> Classes: Author, Bundle, Module, Distribution
=item Programmer's interface
expand($type,@things), expandany(@things), Programming Examples
=item Methods in the other Classes
CPAN::Author::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Author::as_string(),
CPAN::Author::email(), CPAN::Author::fullname(), CPAN::Author::name(),
CPAN::Bundle::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Bundle::as_string(),
CPAN::Bundle::clean(), CPAN::Bundle::contains(),
CPAN::Bundle::force($method,@args), CPAN::Bundle::get(),
CPAN::Bundle::inst_file(), CPAN::Bundle::inst_version(),
CPAN::Bundle::uptodate(), CPAN::Bundle::install(), CPAN::Bundle::make(),
CPAN::Bundle::readme(), CPAN::Bundle::test(),
CPAN::Distribution::as_glimpse(), CPAN::Distribution::as_string(),
CPAN::Distribution::clean(), CPAN::Distribution::containsmods(),
CPAN::Distribution::cvs_import(), CPAN::Distribution::dir(),
CPAN::Distribution::force($method,@args), CPAN::Distribution::get(),
CPAN::Distribution::install(), CPAN::Distribution::isa_perl(),
CPAN::Distribution::look(), CPAN::Distribution::make(),
CPAN::Distribution::prereq_pm(), CPAN::Distribution::readme(),
CPAN::Distribution::perldoc(), CPAN::Distribution::test(),
CPAN::Distribution::uptodate(), CPAN::Index::force_reload(),
CPAN::Index::reload(), CPAN::InfoObj::dump(), CPAN::Module::as_glimpse(),
CPAN::Module::as_string(), CPAN::Module::clean(),
CPAN::Module::cpan_file(), CPAN::Module::cpan_version(),
CPAN::Module::cvs_import(), CPAN::Module::description(),
CPAN::Module::force($method,@args), CPAN::Module::get(),
CPAN::Module::inst_file(), CPAN::Module::inst_version(),
CPAN::Module::install(), CPAN::Module::look(), CPAN::Module::make(),
CPAN::Module::manpage_headline(), CPAN::Module::readme(),
CPAN::Module::perldoc(), CPAN::Module::test(), CPAN::Module::uptodate(),
=item Finding packages and VERSION
=item Floppy, Zip, Offline Mode
C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>scalar optionE<gt>
E<lt>valueE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>>, C<o conf E<lt>list
optionE<gt> [shift|pop]>, C<o conf E<lt>list optionE<gt>
[unshift|push|splice] E<lt>listE<gt>>
=item Note on urllist parameter's format
=item urllist parameter has CD-ROM support
=item Cryptographically signed modules
=item POPULATE AN INSTALLATION WITH LOTS OF MODULES
=item WORKING WITH CPAN.pm BEHIND FIREWALLS
=item Three basic types of firewalls
http firewall, ftp firewall, One way visibility, SOCKS, IP Masquerade
=item Configuring lynx or ncftp for going through a firewall
1), 2), 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9), 10), 11)
=head2 CPAN::FirstTime - Utility for CPAN::Config file Initialization
=head2 CPAN::Version - utility functions to compare CPAN versions
=head2 CPANox, CPAN::Nox - Wrapper around CPAN.pm without using any XS
=head2 Carp, carp - warn of errors (from perspective of caller)
=item Forcing a Stack Trace
=head2 Carp::Heavy - heavy machinery, no user serviceable parts inside
=head2 Class::ISA -- report the search path for a class's ISA tree
the function Class::ISA::super_path($CLASS), the function
Class::ISA::self_and_super_path($CLASS), the function
Class::ISA::self_and_super_versions($CLASS)
=head2 Class::Struct - declare struct-like datatypes as Perl classes
=item The C<struct()> function
=item Class Creation at Compile Time
=item Element Types and Accessor Methods
Scalar (C<'$'> or C<'*$'>), Array (C<'@'> or C<'*@'>), Hash (C<'%'> or
C<'*%'>), Class (C<'Class_Name'> or C<'*Class_Name'>)
=item Initializing with C<new>
Example 1, Example 2, Example 3
=item Author and Modification History
=head2 Config - access Perl configuration information
myconfig(), config_sh(), config_re($regex), config_vars(@names)
C<afs>, C<afsroot>, C<alignbytes>, C<ansi2knr>, C<aphostname>,
C<api_revision>, C<api_subversion>, C<api_version>, C<api_versionstring>,
C<ar>, C<archlib>, C<archlibexp>, C<archname64>, C<archname>, C<archobjs>,
C<asctime_r_proto>, C<awk>
C<baserev>, C<bash>, C<bin>, C<binexp>, C<bison>, C<byacc>, C<byteorder>
C<c>, C<castflags>, C<cat>, C<cc>, C<cccdlflags>, C<ccdlflags>, C<ccflags>,
C<ccflags_uselargefiles>, C<ccname>, C<ccsymbols>, C<ccversion>, C<cf_by>,
C<cf_email>, C<cf_time>, C<charsize>, C<chgrp>, C<chmod>, C<chown>,
C<clocktype>, C<comm>, C<compress>, C<contains>, C<cp>, C<cpio>, C<cpp>,
C<cpp_stuff>, C<cppccsymbols>, C<cppflags>, C<cpplast>, C<cppminus>,
C<cpprun>, C<cppstdin>, C<cppsymbols>, C<crypt_r_proto>, C<cryptlib>,
C<csh>, C<ctermid_r_proto>, C<ctime_r_proto>
C<d__fwalk>, C<d_access>, C<d_accessx>, C<d_aintl>, C<d_alarm>,
C<d_archlib>, C<d_asctime_r>, C<d_atolf>, C<d_atoll>,
C<d_attribute_format>, C<d_attribute_malloc>, C<d_attribute_nonnull>,
C<d_attribute_noreturn>, C<d_attribute_pure>, C<d_attribute_unused>,
C<d_attribute_warn_unused_result>, C<d_bcmp>, C<d_bcopy>, C<d_bsd>,
C<d_bsdgetpgrp>, C<d_bsdsetpgrp>, C<d_bzero>, C<d_casti32>, C<d_castneg>,
C<d_charvspr>, C<d_chown>, C<d_chroot>, C<d_chsize>, C<d_class>,
C<d_clearenv>, C<d_closedir>, C<d_cmsghdr_s>, C<d_const>, C<d_copysignl>,
C<d_crypt>, C<d_crypt_r>, C<d_csh>, C<d_ctermid_r>, C<d_ctime_r>,
C<d_cuserid>, C<d_dbl_dig>, C<d_dbminitproto>, C<d_difftime>, C<d_dirfd>,
C<d_dirnamlen>, C<d_dlerror>, C<d_dlopen>, C<d_dlsymun>, C<d_dosuid>,
C<d_drand48_r>, C<d_drand48proto>, C<d_dup2>, C<d_eaccess>, C<d_endgrent>,
C<d_endgrent_r>, C<d_endhent>, C<d_endhostent_r>, C<d_endnent>,
C<d_endnetent_r>, C<d_endpent>, C<d_endprotoent_r>, C<d_endpwent>,
C<d_endpwent_r>, C<d_endsent>, C<d_endservent_r>, C<d_eofnblk>,
C<d_eunice>, C<d_faststdio>, C<d_fchdir>, C<d_fchmod>, C<d_fchown>,
C<d_fcntl>, C<d_fcntl_can_lock>, C<d_fd_macros>, C<d_fd_set>,
C<d_fds_bits>, C<d_fgetpos>, C<d_finite>, C<d_finitel>, C<d_flexfnam>,
C<d_flock>, C<d_flockproto>, C<d_fork>, C<d_fp_class>, C<d_fpathconf>,
C<d_fpclass>, C<d_fpclassify>, C<d_fpclassl>, C<d_fpos64_t>, C<d_frexpl>,
C<d_fs_data_s>, C<d_fseeko>, C<d_fsetpos>, C<d_fstatfs>, C<d_fstatvfs>,
C<d_fsync>, C<d_ftello>, C<d_ftime>, C<d_futimes>, C<d_Gconvert>,
C<d_getcwd>, C<d_getespwnam>, C<d_getfsstat>, C<d_getgrent>,
C<d_getgrent_r>, C<d_getgrgid_r>, C<d_getgrnam_r>, C<d_getgrps>,
C<d_gethbyaddr>, C<d_gethbyname>, C<d_gethent>, C<d_gethname>,
C<d_gethostbyaddr_r>, C<d_gethostbyname_r>, C<d_gethostent_r>,
C<d_gethostprotos>, C<d_getitimer>, C<d_getlogin>, C<d_getlogin_r>,
C<d_getmnt>, C<d_getmntent>, C<d_getnbyaddr>, C<d_getnbyname>,
C<d_getnent>, C<d_getnetbyaddr_r>, C<d_getnetbyname_r>, C<d_getnetent_r>,
C<d_getnetprotos>, C<d_getpagsz>, C<d_getpbyname>, C<d_getpbynumber>,
C<d_getpent>, C<d_getpgid>, C<d_getpgrp2>, C<d_getpgrp>, C<d_getppid>,
C<d_getprior>, C<d_getprotobyname_r>, C<d_getprotobynumber_r>,
C<d_getprotoent_r>, C<d_getprotoprotos>, C<d_getprpwnam>, C<d_getpwent>,
C<d_getpwent_r>, C<d_getpwnam_r>, C<d_getpwuid_r>, C<d_getsbyname>,
C<d_getsbyport>, C<d_getsent>, C<d_getservbyname_r>, C<d_getservbyport_r>,
C<d_getservent_r>, C<d_getservprotos>, C<d_getspnam>, C<d_getspnam_r>,
C<d_gettimeod>, C<d_gmtime_r>, C<d_gnulibc>, C<d_grpasswd>, C<d_hasmntopt>,
C<d_htonl>, C<d_ilogbl>, C<d_index>, C<d_inetaton>, C<d_int64_t>,
C<d_isascii>, C<d_isfinite>, C<d_isinf>, C<d_isnan>, C<d_isnanl>,
C<d_killpg>, C<d_lchown>, C<d_ldbl_dig>, C<d_link>, C<d_localtime_r>,
C<d_locconv>, C<d_lockf>, C<d_longdbl>, C<d_longlong>, C<d_lseekproto>,
C<d_lstat>, C<d_madvise>, C<d_malloc_size>, C<d_malloc_good_size>,
C<d_mblen>, C<d_mbstowcs>, C<d_mbtowc>, C<d_memchr>, C<d_memcmp>,
C<d_memcpy>, C<d_memmove>, C<d_memset>, C<d_mkdir>, C<d_mkdtemp>,
C<d_mkfifo>, C<d_mkstemp>, C<d_mkstemps>, C<d_mktime>, C<d_mmap>,
C<d_modfl>, C<d_modfl_pow32_bug>, C<d_modflproto>, C<d_mprotect>, C<d_msg>,
C<d_msg_ctrunc>, C<d_msg_dontroute>, C<d_msg_oob>, C<d_msg_peek>,
C<d_msg_proxy>, C<d_msgctl>, C<d_msgget>, C<d_msghdr_s>, C<d_msgrcv>,
C<d_msgsnd>, C<d_msync>, C<d_munmap>, C<d_mymalloc>, C<d_nanosleep>,
C<d_nice>, C<d_nl_langinfo>, C<d_nv_preserves_uv>,
C<d_nv_zero_is_allbits_zero>, C<d_off64_t>,
C<d_old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<d_oldpthreads>, C<d_oldsock>,
C<d_open3>, C<d_pathconf>, C<d_pause>, C<d_perl_otherlibdirs>,
C<d_phostname>, C<d_pipe>, C<d_poll>, C<d_portable>, C<d_PRId64>,
C<d_PRIeldbl>, C<d_PRIEUldbl>, C<d_PRIfldbl>, C<d_PRIFUldbl>,
C<d_PRIgldbl>, C<d_PRIGUldbl>, C<d_PRIi64>, C<d_PRIo64>, C<d_PRIu64>,
C<d_PRIx64>, C<d_PRIXU64>, C<d_procselfexe>, C<d_pthread_atfork>,
C<d_pthread_attr_setscope>, C<d_pthread_yield>, C<d_pwage>, C<d_pwchange>,
C<d_pwclass>, C<d_pwcomment>, C<d_pwexpire>, C<d_pwgecos>, C<d_pwpasswd>,
C<d_pwquota>, C<d_qgcvt>, C<d_quad>, C<d_random_r>, C<d_readdir64_r>,
C<d_readdir>, C<d_readdir_r>, C<d_readlink>, C<d_readv>, C<d_recvmsg>,
C<d_rename>, C<d_rewinddir>, C<d_rmdir>, C<d_safebcpy>, C<d_safemcpy>,
C<d_sanemcmp>, C<d_sbrkproto>, C<d_scalbnl>, C<d_sched_yield>,
C<d_scm_rights>, C<d_SCNfldbl>, C<d_seekdir>, C<d_select>, C<d_sem>,
C<d_semctl>, C<d_semctl_semid_ds>, C<d_semctl_semun>, C<d_semget>,
C<d_semop>, C<d_sendmsg>, C<d_setegid>, C<d_seteuid>, C<d_setgrent>,
C<d_setgrent_r>, C<d_setgrps>, C<d_sethent>, C<d_sethostent_r>,
C<d_setitimer>, C<d_setlinebuf>, C<d_setlocale>, C<d_setlocale_r>,
C<d_setnent>, C<d_setnetent_r>, C<d_setpent>, C<d_setpgid>, C<d_setpgrp2>,
C<d_setpgrp>, C<d_setprior>, C<d_setproctitle>, C<d_setprotoent_r>,
C<d_setpwent>, C<d_setpwent_r>, C<d_setregid>, C<d_setresgid>,
C<d_setresuid>, C<d_setreuid>, C<d_setrgid>, C<d_setruid>, C<d_setsent>,
C<d_setservent_r>, C<d_setsid>, C<d_setvbuf>, C<d_sfio>, C<d_shm>,
C<d_shmat>, C<d_shmatprototype>, C<d_shmctl>, C<d_shmdt>, C<d_shmget>,
C<d_sigaction>, C<d_sigprocmask>, C<d_sigsetjmp>, C<d_sockatmark>,
C<d_sockatmarkproto>, C<d_socket>, C<d_socklen_t>, C<d_sockpair>,
C<d_socks5_init>, C<d_sprintf_returns_strlen>, C<d_sqrtl>, C<d_srand48_r>,
C<d_srandom_r>, C<d_sresgproto>, C<d_sresuproto>, C<d_statblks>,
C<d_statfs_f_flags>, C<d_statfs_s>, C<d_statvfs>, C<d_stdio_cnt_lval>,
C<d_stdio_ptr_lval>, C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_nochange_cnt>,
C<d_stdio_ptr_lval_sets_cnt>, C<d_stdio_stream_array>, C<d_stdiobase>,
C<d_stdstdio>, C<d_strchr>, C<d_strcoll>, C<d_strctcpy>, C<d_strerrm>,
C<d_strerror>, C<d_strerror_r>, C<d_strftime>, C<d_strlcat>, C<d_strlcpy>,
C<d_strtod>, C<d_strtol>, C<d_strtold>, C<d_strtoll>, C<d_strtoq>,
C<d_strtoul>, C<d_strtoull>, C<d_strtouq>, C<d_strxfrm>, C<d_suidsafe>,
C<d_symlink>, C<d_syscall>, C<d_syscallproto>, C<d_sysconf>,
C<d_sysernlst>, C<d_syserrlst>, C<d_system>, C<d_tcgetpgrp>,
C<d_tcsetpgrp>, C<d_telldir>, C<d_telldirproto>, C<d_time>, C<d_times>,
C<d_tm_tm_gmtoff>, C<d_tm_tm_zone>, C<d_tmpnam_r>, C<d_truncate>,
C<d_ttyname_r>, C<d_tzname>, C<d_u32align>, C<d_ualarm>, C<d_umask>,
C<d_uname>, C<d_union_semun>, C<d_unordered>, C<d_unsetenv>, C<d_usleep>,
C<d_usleepproto>, C<d_ustat>, C<d_vendorarch>, C<d_vendorbin>,
C<d_vendorlib>, C<d_vendorscript>, C<d_vfork>, C<d_void_closedir>,
C<d_voidsig>, C<d_voidtty>, C<d_volatile>, C<d_vprintf>, C<d_wait4>,
C<d_waitpid>, C<d_wcstombs>, C<d_wctomb>, C<d_writev>, C<d_xenix>, C<date>,
C<db_hashtype>, C<db_prefixtype>, C<db_version_major>, C<db_version_minor>,
C<db_version_patch>, C<defvoidused>, C<direntrytype>, C<dlext>, C<dlsrc>,
C<doublesize>, C<drand01>, C<drand48_r_proto>, C<dynamic_ext>
C<eagain>, C<ebcdic>, C<echo>, C<egrep>, C<emacs>, C<endgrent_r_proto>,
C<endhostent_r_proto>, C<endnetent_r_proto>, C<endprotoent_r_proto>,
C<endpwent_r_proto>, C<endservent_r_proto>, C<eunicefix>, C<exe_ext>,
C<expr>, C<extensions>, C<extras>
C<fflushall>, C<fflushNULL>, C<find>, C<firstmakefile>, C<flex>,
C<fpossize>, C<fpostype>, C<freetype>, C<from>, C<full_ar>, C<full_csh>,
C<gccansipedantic>, C<gccosandvers>, C<gccversion>, C<getgrent_r_proto>,
C<getgrgid_r_proto>, C<getgrnam_r_proto>, C<gethostbyaddr_r_proto>,
C<gethostbyname_r_proto>, C<gethostent_r_proto>, C<getlogin_r_proto>,
C<getnetbyaddr_r_proto>, C<getnetbyname_r_proto>, C<getnetent_r_proto>,
C<getprotobyname_r_proto>, C<getprotobynumber_r_proto>,
C<getprotoent_r_proto>, C<getpwent_r_proto>, C<getpwnam_r_proto>,
C<getpwuid_r_proto>, C<getservbyname_r_proto>, C<getservbyport_r_proto>,
C<getservent_r_proto>, C<getspnam_r_proto>, C<gidformat>, C<gidsign>,
C<gidsize>, C<gidtype>, C<glibpth>, C<gmake>, C<gmtime_r_proto>,
C<gnulibc_version>, C<grep>, C<groupcat>, C<groupstype>, C<gzip>
C<h_fcntl>, C<h_sysfile>, C<hint>, C<hostcat>, C<html1dir>, C<html1direxp>,
C<html3dir>, C<html3direxp>
C<i16size>, C<i16type>, C<i32size>, C<i32type>, C<i64size>, C<i64type>,
C<i8size>, C<i8type>, C<i_arpainet>, C<i_bsdioctl>, C<i_crypt>, C<i_db>,
C<i_dbm>, C<i_dirent>, C<i_dld>, C<i_dlfcn>, C<i_fcntl>, C<i_float>,
C<i_fp>, C<i_fp_class>, C<i_gdbm>, C<i_grp>, C<i_ieeefp>, C<i_inttypes>,
C<i_langinfo>, C<i_libutil>, C<i_limits>, C<i_locale>, C<i_machcthr>,
C<i_malloc>, C<i_math>, C<i_memory>, C<i_mntent>, C<i_ndbm>, C<i_netdb>,
C<i_neterrno>, C<i_netinettcp>, C<i_niin>, C<i_poll>, C<i_prot>,
C<i_pthread>, C<i_pwd>, C<i_rpcsvcdbm>, C<i_sfio>, C<i_sgtty>, C<i_shadow>,
C<i_socks>, C<i_stdarg>, C<i_stddef>, C<i_stdlib>, C<i_string>,
C<i_sunmath>, C<i_sysaccess>, C<i_sysdir>, C<i_sysfile>, C<i_sysfilio>,
C<i_sysin>, C<i_sysioctl>, C<i_syslog>, C<i_sysmman>, C<i_sysmode>,
C<i_sysmount>, C<i_sysndir>, C<i_sysparam>, C<i_sysresrc>, C<i_syssecrt>,
C<i_sysselct>, C<i_syssockio>, C<i_sysstat>, C<i_sysstatfs>,
C<i_sysstatvfs>, C<i_systime>, C<i_systimek>, C<i_systimes>, C<i_systypes>,
C<i_sysuio>, C<i_sysun>, C<i_sysutsname>, C<i_sysvfs>, C<i_syswait>,
C<i_termio>, C<i_termios>, C<i_time>, C<i_unistd>, C<i_ustat>, C<i_utime>,
C<i_values>, C<i_varargs>, C<i_varhdr>, C<i_vfork>,
C<ignore_versioned_solibs>, C<inc_version_list>, C<inc_version_list_init>,
C<incpath>, C<inews>, C<installarchlib>, C<installbin>, C<installhtml1dir>,
C<installhtml3dir>, C<installman1dir>, C<installman3dir>, C<installprefix>,
C<installprefixexp>, C<installprivlib>, C<installscript>,
C<installsitearch>, C<installsitebin>, C<installsitehtml1dir>,
C<installsitehtml3dir>, C<installsitelib>, C<installsiteman1dir>,
C<installsiteman3dir>, C<installsitescript>, C<installstyle>,
C<installusrbinperl>, C<installvendorarch>, C<installvendorbin>,
C<installvendorhtml1dir>, C<installvendorhtml3dir>, C<installvendorlib>,
C<installvendorman1dir>, C<installvendorman3dir>, C<installvendorscript>,
C<intsize>, C<issymlink>, C<ivdformat>, C<ivsize>, C<ivtype>
C<known_extensions>, C<ksh>
C<ld>, C<lddlflags>, C<ldflags>, C<ldflags_uselargefiles>, C<ldlibpthname>,
C<less>, C<lib_ext>, C<libc>, C<libperl>, C<libpth>, C<libs>, C<libsdirs>,
C<libsfiles>, C<libsfound>, C<libspath>, C<libswanted>,
C<libswanted_uselargefiles>, C<line>, C<lint>, C<lkflags>, C<ln>, C<lns>,
C<localtime_r_proto>, C<locincpth>, C<loclibpth>, C<longdblsize>,
C<longlongsize>, C<longsize>, C<lp>, C<lpr>, C<ls>, C<lseeksize>,
C<mail>, C<mailx>, C<make>, C<make_set_make>, C<mallocobj>, C<mallocsrc>,
C<malloctype>, C<man1dir>, C<man1direxp>, C<man1ext>, C<man3dir>,
C<man3direxp>, C<man3ext>
C<Mcc>, C<mips_type>, C<mistrustnm>, C<mkdir>, C<mmaptype>, C<modetype>,
C<more>, C<multiarch>, C<mv>, C<myarchname>, C<mydomain>, C<myhostname>,
C<n>, C<need_va_copy>, C<netdb_hlen_type>, C<netdb_host_type>,
C<netdb_name_type>, C<netdb_net_type>, C<nm>, C<nm_opt>, C<nm_so_opt>,
C<nonxs_ext>, C<nroff>, C<nv_preserves_uv_bits>, C<nveformat>,
C<nvEUformat>, C<nvfformat>, C<nvFUformat>, C<nvgformat>, C<nvGUformat>,
C<o_nonblock>, C<obj_ext>, C<old_pthread_create_joinable>, C<optimize>,
C<orderlib>, C<osname>, C<osvers>, C<otherlibdirs>
C<package>, C<pager>, C<passcat>, C<patchlevel>, C<path_sep>, C<perl5>,
C<perl>, C<perl_patchlevel>
C<PERL_REVISION>, C<PERL_SUBVERSION>, C<PERL_VERSION>, C<perladmin>,
C<perllibs>, C<perlpath>, C<pg>, C<phostname>, C<pidtype>, C<plibpth>,
C<pmake>, C<pr>, C<prefix>, C<prefixexp>, C<privlib>, C<privlibexp>,
C<procselfexe>, C<prototype>, C<ptrsize>
C<randbits>, C<randfunc>, C<random_r_proto>, C<randseedtype>, C<ranlib>,
C<rd_nodata>, C<readdir64_r_proto>, C<readdir_r_proto>, C<revision>, C<rm>,
C<rmail>, C<run>, C<runnm>
C<sched_yield>, C<scriptdir>, C<scriptdirexp>, C<sed>, C<seedfunc>,
C<selectminbits>, C<selecttype>, C<sendmail>, C<setgrent_r_proto>,
C<sethostent_r_proto>, C<setlocale_r_proto>, C<setnetent_r_proto>,
C<setprotoent_r_proto>, C<setpwent_r_proto>, C<setservent_r_proto>, C<sh>,
C<shar>, C<sharpbang>, C<shmattype>, C<shortsize>, C<shrpenv>, C<shsharp>,
C<sig_count>, C<sig_name>, C<sig_name_init>, C<sig_num>, C<sig_num_init>,
C<sig_size>, C<signal_t>, C<sitearch>, C<sitearchexp>, C<sitebin>,
C<sitebinexp>, C<sitehtml1dir>, C<sitehtml1direxp>, C<sitehtml3dir>,
C<sitehtml3direxp>, C<sitelib>, C<sitelib_stem>, C<sitelibexp>,
C<siteman1dir>, C<siteman1direxp>, C<siteman3dir>, C<siteman3direxp>,
C<siteprefix>, C<siteprefixexp>, C<sitescript>, C<sitescriptexp>,
C<sizesize>, C<sizetype>, C<sleep>, C<smail>, C<so>, C<sockethdr>,
C<socketlib>, C<socksizetype>, C<sort>, C<spackage>, C<spitshell>,
C<sPRId64>, C<sPRIeldbl>, C<sPRIEUldbl>, C<sPRIfldbl>, C<sPRIFUldbl>,
C<sPRIgldbl>, C<sPRIGUldbl>, C<sPRIi64>, C<sPRIo64>, C<sPRIu64>,
C<sPRIx64>, C<sPRIXU64>, C<srand48_r_proto>, C<srandom_r_proto>, C<src>,
C<sSCNfldbl>, C<ssizetype>, C<startperl>, C<startsh>, C<static_ext>,
C<stdchar>, C<stdio_base>, C<stdio_bufsiz>, C<stdio_cnt>, C<stdio_filbuf>,
C<stdio_ptr>, C<stdio_stream_array>, C<strerror_r_proto>, C<strings>,
C<submit>, C<subversion>, C<sysman>
C<tail>, C<tar>, C<targetarch>, C<tbl>, C<tee>, C<test>, C<timeincl>,
C<timetype>, C<tmpnam_r_proto>, C<to>, C<touch>, C<tr>, C<trnl>, C<troff>,
C<u16size>, C<u16type>, C<u32size>, C<u32type>, C<u64size>, C<u64type>,
C<u8size>, C<u8type>, C<uidformat>, C<uidsign>, C<uidsize>, C<uidtype>,
C<uname>, C<uniq>, C<uquadtype>, C<use5005threads>, C<use64bitall>,
C<use64bitint>, C<usecrosscompile>, C<usedl>, C<usefaststdio>,
C<useithreads>, C<uselargefiles>, C<uselongdouble>, C<usemallocwrap>,
C<usemorebits>, C<usemultiplicity>, C<usemymalloc>, C<usenm>, C<useopcode>,
C<useperlio>, C<useposix>, C<usereentrant>, C<usesfio>, C<useshrplib>,
C<usesocks>, C<usethreads>, C<usevendorprefix>, C<usevfork>, C<usrinc>,
C<uuname>, C<uvoformat>, C<uvsize>, C<uvtype>, C<uvuformat>, C<uvxformat>,
C<vendorarch>, C<vendorarchexp>, C<vendorbin>, C<vendorbinexp>,
C<vendorhtml1dir>, C<vendorhtml1direxp>, C<vendorhtml3dir>,
C<vendorhtml3direxp>, C<vendorlib>, C<vendorlib_stem>, C<vendorlibexp>,
C<vendorman1dir>, C<vendorman1direxp>, C<vendorman3dir>,
C<vendorman3direxp>, C<vendorprefix>, C<vendorprefixexp>, C<vendorscript>,
C<vendorscriptexp>, C<version>, C<version_patchlevel_string>,
C<versiononly>, C<vi>, C<voidflags>
=head2 Cwd - get pathname of current working directory
getcwd, cwd, fastcwd, fastgetcwd, getdcwd
=item abs_path and friends
abs_path, realpath, fast_abs_path
=head2 DB - programmatic interface to the Perl debugging API (draft,
$DB::sub, %DB::sub, $DB::single, $DB::signal, $DB::trace, @DB::args,
@DB::dbline, %DB::dbline, $DB::package, $DB::filename, $DB::subname,
CLIENT->register(), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->skippkg('D::hide'),
CLIENT->run(), CLIENT->step(), CLIENT->next(), CLIENT->done()
=item Client Callback Methods
CLIENT->init(), CLIENT->prestop([STRING]), CLIENT->stop(), CLIENT->idle(),
CLIENT->poststop([STRING]), CLIENT->evalcode(STRING), CLIENT->cleanup(),
=head2 DBM_Filter -- Filter DBM keys/values
=item What is a DBM Filter?
=item $db->Filter_Key_Push()
=item $db->Filter_Value_Push()
Filter_Push, Filter_Key_Push, Filter_Value_Push
utf8, encode, compress, int32, null
=item Maintain Round Trip Integrity
=item Don't mix filtered & non-filtered data in the same database file.
=head2 DB_File - Perl5 access to Berkeley DB version 1.x
B<DB_HASH>, B<DB_BTREE>, B<DB_RECNO>
=item Using DB_File with Berkeley DB version 2 or greater
=item Interface to Berkeley DB
=item Opening a Berkeley DB Database File
=item In Memory Databases
=item Changing the BTREE sort order
=item Handling Duplicate Keys
=item The get_dup() Method
=item The find_dup() Method
=item The del_dup() Method
=item Matching Partial Keys
=item Extra RECNO Methods
B<$X-E<gt>push(list) ;>, B<$value = $X-E<gt>pop ;>, B<$X-E<gt>shift>,
B<$X-E<gt>unshift(list) ;>, B<$X-E<gt>length>, B<$X-E<gt>splice(offset,
B<$status = $X-E<gt>get($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status =
$X-E<gt>put($key, $value [, $flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>del($key [,
$flags]) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>fd ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>seq($key,
$value, $flags) ;>, B<$status = $X-E<gt>sync([$flags]) ;>
B<filter_store_key>, B<filter_store_value>, B<filter_fetch_key>,
=item An Example -- the NULL termination problem.
=item Another Example -- Key is a C int.
=item Locking: The Trouble with fd
=item Safe ways to lock a database
B<Tie::DB_Lock>, B<Tie::DB_LockFile>, B<DB_File::Lock>
=item Sharing Databases With C Applications
=item Why is there Perl source in my database?
=item How do I store complex data structures with DB_File?
=item What does "Invalid Argument" mean?
=item What does "Bareword 'DB_File' not allowed" mean?
=head2 Data::Dumper - stringified perl data structures, suitable for both
I<PACKAGE>->new(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Dump I<or>
I<PACKAGE>->Dump(I<ARRAYREF [>, I<ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Seen(I<[HASHREF]>),
I<$OBJ>->Values(I<[ARRAYREF]>), I<$OBJ>->Names(I<[ARRAYREF]>),
=item Configuration Variables or Methods
=head2 Devel::DProf - a Perl code profiler
=head2 Devel::PPPort - Perl/Pollution/Portability
You should use F<ppport.h> in modern code so that your code will work
with the widest range of Perl interpreters possible, without significant
=item How to use ppport.h
=item Provided Perl compatibility API
=item Perl API not supported by ppport.h
perl 5.9.2, perl 5.9.1, perl 5.9.0, perl 5.8.3, perl 5.8.1, perl 5.8.0,
perl 5.7.3, perl 5.7.2, perl 5.7.1, perl 5.6.1, perl 5.6.0, perl 5.005_03,
perl 5.005, perl 5.004_05, perl 5.004_04, perl 5.004
=head2 Devel::Peek - A data debugging tool for the XS programmer
=item Memory footprint debugging
=item A simple scalar string
=item A simple scalar number
=item A simple scalar with an extra reference
=item A reference to a simple scalar
=item A reference to an array
=item A reference to a hash
=item Dumping a large array or hash
=item A reference to an SV which holds a C pointer
=item A reference to a subroutine
=head2 Devel::SelfStubber - generate stubs for a SelfLoading module
=head2 Devel::Size - Perl extension for finding the memory usage of Perl
=item UNDERSTANDING MEMORY ALLOCATION
=item Messages: texts originating from this module.
=head2 Digest - Modules that calculate message digests
I<binary>, I<hex>, I<base64>
$ctx = Digest->XXX($arg,...), $ctx = Digest->new(XXX => $arg,...), $ctx =
Digest::XXX->new($arg,...), $other_ctx = $ctx->clone, $ctx->reset,
$ctx->add( $data, ... ), $ctx->addfile( $io_handle ), $ctx->add_bits(
$data, $nbits ), $ctx->add_bits( $bitstring ), $ctx->digest,
$ctx->hexdigest, $ctx->b64digest
=head2 Digest::MD5 - Perl interface to the MD5 Algorithm
md5($data,...), md5_hex($data,...), md5_base64($data,...)
$md5 = Digest::MD5->new, $md5->reset, $md5->clone, $md5->add($data,...),
$md5->addfile($io_handle), $md5->add_bits($data, $nbits),
$md5->add_bits($bitstring), $md5->digest, $md5->hexdigest, $md5->b64digest
=head2 Digest::base - Digest base class
=head2 Digest::file - Calculate digests of files
digest_file( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_hex( $file,
$algorithm, [$arg,...] ), digest_file_base64( $file, $algorithm, [$arg,...]
=head2 DirHandle - supply object methods for directory handles
=head2 Dumpvalue - provides screen dump of Perl data.
C<arrayDepth>, C<hashDepth>, C<compactDump>, C<veryCompact>, C<globPrint>,
C<dumpDBFiles>, C<dumpPackages>, C<dumpReused>, C<tick>, C<quoteHighBit>,
C<printUndef>, C<usageOnly>, unctrl, subdump, bareStringify, quoteHighBit,
dumpValue, dumpValues, stringify, dumpvars, set_quote, set_unctrl,
compactDump, veryCompact, set, get
=head2 DynaLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
@dl_library_path, @dl_resolve_using, @dl_require_symbols, @dl_librefs,
@dl_modules, @dl_shared_objects, dl_error(), $dl_debug, dl_findfile(),
dl_expandspec(), dl_load_file(), dl_unload_file(), dl_load_flags(),
dl_find_symbol(), dl_find_symbol_anywhere(), dl_undef_symbols(),
dl_install_xsub(), bootstrap()
=head2 DynaLoader::XSLoader, XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into
=item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
=item Backward compatible boilerplate
=item Order of initialization: early load()
=item The most hairy case
Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s, Undefined
symbols present after loading %s: %s, XSLoader::load('Your::Module',
=head2 Encode - character encodings
$octets = encode(ENCODING, $string [, CHECK]), $string = decode(ENCODING,
$octets [, CHECK]), [$length =] from_to($octets, FROM_ENC, TO_ENC [,
CHECK]), $octets = encode_utf8($string);, $string = decode_utf8($octets [,
=item Listing available encodings
=item Encoding via PerlIO
=item Handling Malformed Data
B<NOTE:> Not all encoding support this feature, I<CHECK> =
Encode::FB_DEFAULT ( == 0), I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_CROAK ( == 1), I<CHECK> =
Encode::FB_QUIET, I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_WARN, perlqq mode (I<CHECK> =
Encode::FB_PERLQQ), HTML charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_HTMLCREF), XML
charref mode (I<CHECK> = Encode::FB_XMLCREF), The bitmask
Goal #1:, Goal #2:, Goal #3:, Goal #4:
=item Messing with Perl's Internals
is_utf8(STRING [, CHECK]), _utf8_on(STRING), _utf8_off(STRING)
=head2 Encode::Alias - alias definitions to encodings
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
=head2 Encode::Byte - Single Byte Encodings
=head2 Encode::CJKConstants -- Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
=head2 Encode::CN - China-based Chinese Encodings
=head2 Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by Encode::CN
=head2 Encode::Config -- internally used by Encode
=head2 Encode::EBCDIC - EBCDIC Encodings
=head2 Encode::Encoding - Encode Implementation Base Class
=item Methods you should implement
-E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
-E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
-E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
=item Example: Encode::ROT13
=item Why the heck Encode API is different?
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
=head2 Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from data
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
=head2 Encode::JP - Japanese Encodings
=item Note on ISO-2022-JP(-1)?
=head2 Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by Encode::JP::2022_JP*
=head2 Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used by Encode::JP
=head2 Encode::KR - Korean Encodings
=head2 Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally used by Encode::KR
=head2 Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B' and 'Q' header encoding
=head2 Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document on Encode and PerlIO
=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
=head2 Encode::Supported -- Encodings supported by Encode
=item Supported Encodings
=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
=item Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
=item Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
=item Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
=item Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
=head2 Encode::Symbol - Symbol Encodings
=head2 Encode::TW - Taiwan-based Chinese Encodings
=head2 Encode::Unicode -- Various Unicode Transformation Formats
L<http://www.unicode.org/glossary/> says:, Quick Reference
=item Size, Endianness, and BOM
BOM as integer when fetched in network byte order
=head2 Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7 encoding
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Alias, Encode::Alias - alias definitions to
As a simple string, As a qr// compiled regular expression, e.g.:, As a code
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CJKConstants, Encode::CJKConstants.pm --
Internally used by Encode::??::ISO_2022_*
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::CN::HZ, Encode::CN::HZ -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Config, Encode::Config -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Encoding, Encode::Encoding - Encode
Implementation Base Class
=item Methods you should implement
-E<gt>encode($string [,$check]), -E<gt>decode($octets [,$check]),
-E<gt>cat_decode($destination, $octets, $offset, $terminator [,$check])
=item Other methods defined in Encode::Encodings
-E<gt>name, -E<gt>renew, -E<gt>renewed, -E<gt>perlio_ok(),
=item Example: Encode::ROT13
=item Why the heck Encode API is different?
Scheme 1, Scheme 2, Other Schemes
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Guess, Encode::Guess -- Guesses encoding from
Encode::Guess->set_suspects, Encode::Guess->add_suspects,
Encode::decode("Guess" ...), Encode::Guess->guess($data),
guess_encoding($data, [, I<list of suspects>])
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::H2Z, Encode::JP::H2Z -- internally used by
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::JP::JIS7, Encode::JP::JIS7 -- internally used
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::KR::2022_KR, Encode::KR::2022_KR -- internally
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::MIME::Header -- MIME 'B'
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::PerlIO, Encode::PerlIO -- a detailed document
=item How can I tell whether my encoding fully supports PerlIO ?
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Supported, Encode::Supported -- Encodings
=item Supported Encodings
=item Encode::Unicode -- other Unicode encodings
=item Encode::Byte -- Extended ASCII
ISO-8859 and corresponding vendor mappings, KOI8 - De Facto Standard for
the Cyrillic world, gsm0338 - Hentai Latin 1
=item CJK: Chinese, Japanese, Korean (Multibyte)
Encode::CN -- Continental China, Encode::JP -- Japan, Encode::KR -- Korea,
Encode::TW -- Taiwan, Encode::HanExtra -- More Chinese via CPAN,
Encode::JIS2K -- JIS X 0213 encodings via CPAN
=item Miscellaneous encodings
Encode::EBCDIC, Encode::Symbols, Encode::MIME::Header, Encode::Guess
=item Unsupported encodings
ISO-2022-JP-2 [RFC1554], ISO-2022-CN [RFC1922], Various HP-UX encodings,
Cyrillic encoding ISO-IR-111, ISO-8859-8-1 [Hebrew], ISIRI 3342, Iran
System, ISIRI 2900 [Farsi], Thai encoding TCVN, Vietnamese encodings VPS,
Various Mac encodings, (Mac) Indic encodings
=item Encoding vs. Charset -- terminology
=item Encoding Classification (by Anton Tagunov and Dan Kogai)
=item Microsoft-related naming mess
KS_C_5601-1987, GB2312, Big5, Shift_JIS
character repertoire, coded character set (CCS), character encoding scheme
(CES), charset (in MIME context), EUC, ISO-2022, UCS, UCS-2, Unicode, UTF,
ECMA, ECMA-035 (eq C<ISO-2022>), IANA, Assigned Charset Names by IANA, ISO,
RFC, UC, Unicode Glossary
=item Other Notable Sites
czyborra.com, CJK.inf, Jungshik Shin's Hangul FAQ, debian.org:
C<CJKV Information Processing> by Ken Lunde
=head2 Encode::lib::Encode::Unicode::UTF7, Encode::Unicode::UTF7 -- UTF-7
=head2 Encode::lib::Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
$e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
$e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
$e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
=item Example: base64 transcoder
=item Operator Overloading
=head2 Encodencoding, encoding - allows you to write your script in
=item Literal Conversions
=item PerlIO layers for C<STD(IN|OUT)>
=item Implicit upgrading for byte strings
=item FEATURES THAT REQUIRE 5.8.1
"NON-EUC" doublebyte encodings, tr//, DATA pseudo-filehandle
use encoding [I<ENCNAME>] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> [ STDIN =E<gt>
I<ENCNAME_IN> ...] ;, use encoding I<ENCNAME> Filter=E<gt>1;, no encoding;
=item Filter-related changes at Encode version 1.87
=item DO NOT MIX MULTIPLE ENCODINGS
Legend of characters above
=item EXAMPLE - Greekperl
literals in regex that are longer than 127 bytes, EBCDIC, format
=item The Logic of :locale
=head2 Encoder, Encode::Encoder -- Object Oriented Encoder
$e = Encode::Encoder-E<gt>new([$data, $encoding]);, encoder(),
$e-E<gt>data([$data]), $e-E<gt>encoding([$encoding]),
$e-E<gt>bytes([$encoding])
=item Example: base64 transcoder
=item Operator Overloading
=head2 English - use nice English (or awk) names for ugly punctuation
=head2 Env - perl module that imports environment variables as scalars or
=head2 Errno - System errno constants
=head2 Exporter - Implements default import method for modules
=item Selecting What To Export
C<use ModuleName;>, C<use ModuleName ();>, C<use ModuleName qw(...);>
=item Specialised Import Lists
=item Exporting without using Exporter's import method
=item Exporting without inheriting from Exporter
=item Module Version Checking
=item Managing Unknown Symbols
=item Tag Handling Utility Functions
=item Generating combined tags
=item C<AUTOLOAD>ed Constants
=head2 Exporter::Heavy - Exporter guts
=head2 ExtUtils::Command - utilities to replace common UNIX commands in
=head2 ExtUtils::Command::MM - Commands for the MM's to use in Makefiles
=head2 ExtUtils::Constant - generate XS code to import C header constants
IV, UV, NV, PV, PVN, SV, YES, NO, UNDEF
XS_constant PACKAGE, TYPES, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
autoload PACKAGE, VERSION, AUTOLOADER
WriteConstants ATTRIBUTE =E<gt> VALUE [, ...], NAME, DEFAULT_TYPE,
BREAKOUT_AT, NAMES, C_FILE, XS_FILE, SUBNAME, C_SUBNAME
=head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for ExtUtils::Constant objects
memEQ_clause args_hashref
dump_names arg_hashref, ITEM..
assign arg_hashref, VALUE..
return_clause arg_hashref, ITEM
switch_clause arg_hashref, NAMELEN, ITEMHASH, ITEM..
dogfood arg_hashref, ITEM..
C_constant arg_hashref, ITEM.., name, type, value, macro, default, pre,
post, def_pre, def_post, utf8, weight
=head2 ExtUtils::Constant::Utils - helper functions for ExtUtils::Constant
=head2 ExtUtils::Constant::XS, ExtUtils::Constant::Base - base class for
ExtUtils::Constant objects
=head2 ExtUtils::Embed - Utilities for embedding Perl in C/C++ applications
xsinit(), Examples, ldopts(), Examples, perl_inc(), ccflags(), ccdlflags(),
ccopts(), xsi_header(), xsi_protos(@modules), xsi_body(@modules)
=head2 ExtUtils::Install - install files from here to there
B<install_default> I<DISCOURAGED>
=head2 ExtUtils::Installed - Inventory management of installed modules
new(), modules(), files(), directories(), directory_tree(), validate(),
=head2 ExtUtils::Liblist - determine libraries to use and how to use them
For static extensions, For dynamic extensions at build/link time, For
dynamic extensions at load time
=item LDLOADLIBS and LD_RUN_PATH
=item Win32 implementation
=head2 ExtUtils::MM - OS adjusted ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_AIX - AIX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Any - Platform-agnostic MM methods
=item Cross-platform helper methods
=item File::Spec wrappers
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_BeOS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Cygwin - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
replace_manpage_separator
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_DOS - DOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
B<replace_manpage_separator>
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_MacOS - once produced Makefiles for MacOS Classic
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_NW5 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
init_platform, platform_constants
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_OS2 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_QNX - QNX specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_UWIN - U/WIN specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
B<replace_manpage_separator>
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Unix - methods used by ExtUtils::MakeMaker
init_platform, platform_constants
replace_manpage_separator
test_via_harness (override)
test_via_script (override)
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VMS - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
=item Methods always loaded
replace_manpage_separator
zipfile_target, tarfile_target, shdist_target
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_VOS - VOS specific subclass of ExtUtils::MM_Unix
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win32 - methods to override UN*X behaviour in
replace_manpage_separator
init_platform, platform_constants
=head2 ExtUtils::MM_Win95 - method to customize MakeMaker for Win9X
=head2 ExtUtils::MY - ExtUtils::MakeMaker subclass for customization
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker - Create a module Makefile
=item How To Write A Makefile.PL
=item Default Makefile Behaviour
=item PREFIX and LIB attribute
=item Static Linking of a new Perl Binary
=item Determination of Perl Library and Installation Locations
=item Which architecture dependent directory?
=item Using Attributes and Parameters
ABSTRACT, ABSTRACT_FROM, AUTHOR, BINARY_LOCATION, C, CCFLAGS, CONFIG,
CONFIGURE, DEFINE, DESTDIR, DIR, DISTNAME, DISTVNAME, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS,
EXCLUDE_EXT, EXE_FILES, FIRST_MAKEFILE, FULLPERL, FULLPERLRUN,
FULLPERLRUNINST, FUNCLIST, H, IMPORTS, INC, INCLUDE_EXT, INSTALLARCHLIB,
INSTALLBIN, INSTALLDIRS, INSTALLMAN1DIR, INSTALLMAN3DIR, INSTALLPRIVLIB,
INSTALLSCRIPT, INSTALLSITEARCH, INSTALLSITEBIN, INSTALLSITELIB,
INSTALLSITEMAN1DIR, INSTALLSITEMAN3DIR, INSTALLVENDORARCH,
INSTALLVENDORBIN, INSTALLVENDORLIB, INSTALLVENDORMAN1DIR,
INSTALLVENDORMAN3DIR, INST_ARCHLIB, INST_BIN, INST_LIB, INST_MAN1DIR,
INST_MAN3DIR, INST_SCRIPT, LD, LDDLFLAGS, LDFROM, LIB, LIBPERL_A, LIBS,
LINKTYPE, MAKEAPERL, MAKEFILE_OLD, MAN1PODS, MAN3PODS, MAP_TARGET,
MYEXTLIB, NAME, NEEDS_LINKING, NOECHO, NORECURS, NO_META, NO_VC, OBJECT,
OPTIMIZE, PERL, PERL_CORE, PERLMAINCC, PERL_ARCHLIB, PERL_LIB,
PERL_MALLOC_OK, PERLPREFIX, PERLRUN, PERLRUNINST, PERL_SRC, PERM_RW,
PERM_RWX, PL_FILES, PM, PMLIBDIRS, PM_FILTER, POLLUTE, PPM_INSTALL_EXEC,
PPM_INSTALL_SCRIPT, PREFIX, PREREQ_FATAL, PREREQ_PM, PREREQ_PRINT,
PRINT_PREREQ, SITEPREFIX, SIGN, SKIP, TYPEMAPS, VENDORPREFIX, VERBINST,
VERSION, VERSION_FROM, VERSION_SYM, XS, XSOPT, XSPROTOARG, XS_VERSION
=item Additional lowercase attributes
clean, depend, dist, dynamic_lib, linkext, macro, postamble, realclean,
=item Overriding MakeMaker Methods
=item The End Of Cargo Cult Programming
=item Distribution Support
make distcheck, make skipcheck, make distclean, make manifest,
make distdir, make disttest, make tardist, make dist, make
uutardist, make shdist, make zipdist, make ci
=item Disabling an extension
=item Other Handy Functions
PERL_MM_OPT, PERL_MM_USE_DEFAULT, PERL_CORE
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Config - Wrapper around Config.pm
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::FAQ - Frequently Asked Questions About
=item Module Installation
How do I keep from installing man pages?, How do I use a module without
=item Philosophy and History
Why not just use <insert other build config tool here>?, What is
Module::Build and how does it relate to MakeMaker?, pure perl. no make, no
shell commands, easier to customize, cleaner internals, less cruft
How do I keep my $VERSION up to date without resetting it manually?, What's
this F<META.yml> thing and how did it get in my F<MANIFEST>?!
How to I prevent "object version X.XX does not match bootstrap parameter
Y.YY" errors?, How do I make two or more XS files coexist in the same
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::Tutorial - Writing a module with MakeMaker
Makefile.PL, MANIFEST, lib/, t/, Changes, README, INSTALL, MANIFEST.SKIP,
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::bytes - Version-agnostic bytes.pm
=head2 ExtUtils::MakeMaker::vmsish - Platform-agnostic vmsish.pm
=head2 ExtUtils::Manifest - utilities to write and check a MANIFEST file
C<Not in MANIFEST:> I<file>, C<Skipping> I<file>, C<No such file:> I<file>,
C<MANIFEST:> I<$!>, C<Added to MANIFEST:> I<file>
B<PERL_MM_MANIFEST_DEBUG>
=head2 ExtUtils::Miniperl, writemain - write the C code for perlmain.c
=head2 ExtUtils::Mkbootstrap - make a bootstrap file for use by DynaLoader
=head2 ExtUtils::Mksymlists - write linker options files for dynamic
DLBASE, DL_FUNCS, DL_VARS, FILE, FUNCLIST, IMPORTS, NAME
=head2 ExtUtils::Packlist - manage .packlist files
new(), read(), write(), validate(), packlist_file()
=head2 ExtUtils::testlib - add blib/* directories to @INC
=head2 Fatal - replace functions with equivalents which succeed or die
=head2 Fcntl - load the C Fcntl.h defines
=head2 File::Basename - Parse file paths into directory, filename and
=head2 File::CheckTree, validate - run many filetest checks on a tree
=head2 File::Compare - Compare files or filehandles
=head2 File::Copy - Copy files or filehandles
=item Special behaviour if C<syscopy> is defined (OS/2, VMS and Win32)
rmscopy($from,$to[,$date_flag])
=head2 File::DosGlob - DOS like globbing and then some
=item EXPORTS (by request only)
=head2 File::Find - Traverse a directory tree.
C<wanted>, C<bydepth>, C<preprocess>, C<postprocess>, C<follow>,
C<follow_fast>, C<follow_skip>, C<dangling_symlinks>, C<no_chdir>,
C<untaint>, C<untaint_pattern>, C<untaint_skip>
=item The wanted function
C<$File::Find::dir> is the current directory name,, C<$_> is the current
filename within that directory, C<$File::Find::name> is the complete
$dont_use_nlink, symlinks
=head2 File::Glob - Perl extension for BSD glob routine
C<GLOB_ERR>, C<GLOB_LIMIT>, C<GLOB_MARK>, C<GLOB_NOCASE>, C<GLOB_NOCHECK>,
C<GLOB_NOSORT>, C<GLOB_BRACE>, C<GLOB_NOMAGIC>, C<GLOB_QUOTE>,
C<GLOB_TILDE>, C<GLOB_CSH>, C<GLOB_ALPHASORT>
C<GLOB_NOSPACE>, C<GLOB_ABEND>
=head2 File::Path - create or remove directory trees
=head2 File::Spec - portably perform operations on file names
canonpath, catdir, catfile, curdir, devnull, rootdir, tmpdir, updir,
no_upwards, case_tolerant, file_name_is_absolute, path, join, splitpath,
splitdir, catpath(), abs2rel, rel2abs()
=head2 File::Spec::Cygwin - methods for Cygwin file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Epoc - methods for Epoc file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Functions - portably perform operations on file names
=head2 File::Spec::Mac - File::Spec for Mac OS (Classic)
=head2 File::Spec::OS2 - methods for OS/2 file specs
=head2 File::Spec::Unix - File::Spec for Unix, base for other File::Spec
=head2 File::Spec::VMS - methods for VMS file specs
file_name_is_absolute (override)
=head2 File::Spec::Win32 - methods for Win32 file specs
=item Note For File::Spec::Win32 Maintainers
=head2 File::Temp - return name and handle of a temporary file safely
=item OBJECT-ORIENTED INTERFACE
=item ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS
B<safe_level>, STANDARD, MEDIUM, HIGH
=item Temporary files and NFS
=head2 File::stat - by-name interface to Perl's built-in stat() functions
=head2 FileCache - keep more files open than the system permits
cacheout EXPR, cacheout MODE, EXPR
=head2 FileHandle - supply object methods for filehandles
$fh->print, $fh->printf, $fh->getline, $fh->getlines
=head2 Filter::Simple - Simplified source filtering
=item Disabling or changing <no> behaviour
=item All-in-one interface
=item Filtering only specific components of source code
C<"code">, C<"code_no_comments">, C<"executable">,
C<"executable_no_comments">, C<"quotelike">, C<"string">, C<"regex">,
=item Filtering only the code parts of source code
Most source code ceases to be grammatically correct when it is broken up
into the pieces between string literals and regexes. So the C<'code'>
and C<'code_no_comments'> component filter behave slightly differently
from the other partial filters described in the previous section.
=item Using Filter::Simple with an explicit C<import> subroutine
=item Using Filter::Simple and Exporter together
=head2 Filter::Util::Call - Perl Source Filter Utility Module
=item B<use Filter::Util::Call>
=item B<filter() and anonymous sub>
B<$_>, B<$status>, B<filter_read> and B<filter_read_exact>, B<filter_del>
=item Example 1: A simple filter.
=item Example 2: Using the context
=item Example 3: Using the context within the filter
=item Example 4: Using filter_del
=head2 FindBin - Locate directory of original perl script
=item EXPORTABLE VARIABLES
=head2 GDBM_File - Perl5 access to the gdbm library.
=head2 Getopt::Long - Extended processing of command line options
=item Command Line Options, an Introduction
=item Getting Started with Getopt::Long
=item A little bit less simple options
=item Mixing command line option with other arguments
=item Options with values
=item Options with multiple values
=item Options with hash values
=item User-defined subroutines to handle options
=item Options with multiple names
=item Case and abbreviations
=item Summary of Option Specifications
!, +, s, i, o, f, : I<type> [ I<desttype> ], : I<number> [ I<desttype> ], :
=item Advanced Possibilities
=item Object oriented interface
=item Documentation and help texts
=item Storing option values in a hash
=item Configuring Getopt::Long
default, posix_default, auto_abbrev, getopt_compat, gnu_compat, gnu_getopt,
require_order, permute, bundling (default: disabled), bundling_override
(default: disabled), ignore_case (default: enabled), ignore_case_always
(default: disabled), auto_version (default:disabled), auto_help
(default:disabled), pass_through (default: disabled), prefix,
prefix_pattern, long_prefix_pattern, debug (default: disabled)
VersionMessage, C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-output>, HelpMessage
=item Return values and Errors
=item Default destinations
=item Alternative option starters
=item Configuration variables
=item GetOptions does not return a false result when an option is not
=item GetOptions does not split the command line correctly
=item Undefined subroutine &main::GetOptions called
=item How do I put a "-?" option into a Getopt::Long?
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 Getopt::Std, getopt, getopts - Process single-character switches
=item C<--help> and C<--version>
=head2 Hash::Util - A selection of general-utility hash subroutines
B<lock_hash>, B<unlock_hash>
=head2 I18N::Collate - compare 8-bit scalar data according to the current
=head2 I18N::LangTags - functions for dealing with RFC3066-style language
the function is_language_tag($lang1)
the function extract_language_tags($whatever)
the function same_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function similarity_language_tag($lang1, $lang2)
the function is_dialect_of($lang1, $lang2)
the function super_languages($lang1)
the function locale2language_tag($locale_identifier)
the function encode_language_tag($lang1)
the function alternate_language_tags($lang1)
the function @langs = panic_languages(@accept_languages)
the function implicate_supers( ...languages... ), the function
implicate_supers_strictly( ...languages... )
=item ABOUT UNICODE PLAINTEXT LANGUAGE TAGS
=head2 I18N::LangTags::Detect - detect the user's language preferences
=head2 I18N::LangTags::List -- tags and names for human languages
=item ABOUT LANGUAGE TAGS
{ab} : Abkhazian, {ace} : Achinese, {ach} : Acoli, {ada} : Adangme, {ady} :
Adyghe, {aa} : Afar, {afh} : Afrihili, {af} : Afrikaans, [{afa} :
Afro-Asiatic (Other)], {ak} : Akan, {akk} : Akkadian, {sq} : Albanian,
{ale} : Aleut, [{alg} : Algonquian languages], [{tut} : Altaic (Other)],
{am} : Amharic, {i-ami} : Ami, [{apa} : Apache languages], {ar} : Arabic,
{arc} : Aramaic, {arp} : Arapaho, {arn} : Araucanian, {arw} : Arawak, {hy}
: Armenian, {an} : Aragonese, [{art} : Artificial (Other)], {ast} :
Asturian, {as} : Assamese, [{ath} : Athapascan languages], [{aus} :
Australian languages], [{map} : Austronesian (Other)], {av} : Avaric, {ae}
: Avestan, {awa} : Awadhi, {ay} : Aymara, {az} : Azerbaijani, {ban} :
Balinese, [{bat} : Baltic (Other)], {bal} : Baluchi, {bm} : Bambara, [{bai}
: Bamileke languages], {bad} : Banda, [{bnt} : Bantu (Other)], {bas} :
Basa, {ba} : Bashkir, {eu} : Basque, {btk} : Batak (Indonesia), {bej} :
Beja, {be} : Belarusian, {bem} : Bemba, {bn} : Bengali, [{ber} : Berber
(Other)], {bho} : Bhojpuri, {bh} : Bihari, {bik} : Bikol, {bin} : Bini,
{bi} : Bislama, {bs} : Bosnian, {bra} : Braj, {br} : Breton, {bug} :
Buginese, {bg} : Bulgarian, {i-bnn} : Bunun, {bua} : Buriat, {my} :
Burmese, {cad} : Caddo, {car} : Carib, {ca} : Catalan, [{cau} : Caucasian
(Other)], {ceb} : Cebuano, [{cel} : Celtic (Other)], [{cai} : Central
American Indian (Other)], {chg} : Chagatai, [{cmc} : Chamic languages],
{ch} : Chamorro, {ce} : Chechen, {chr} : Cherokee, {chy} : Cheyenne, {chb}
: Chibcha, {ny} : Chichewa, {zh} : Chinese, {chn} : Chinook Jargon, {chp} :
Chipewyan, {cho} : Choctaw, {cu} : Church Slavic, {chk} : Chuukese, {cv} :
Chuvash, {cop} : Coptic, {kw} : Cornish, {co} : Corsican, {cr} : Cree,
{mus} : Creek, [{cpe} : English-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpf}
: French-based Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{cpp} : Portuguese-based
Creoles and pidgins (Other)], [{crp} : Creoles and pidgins (Other)], {hr} :
Croatian, [{cus} : Cushitic (Other)], {cs} : Czech, {dak} : Dakota, {da} :
Danish, {dar} : Dargwa, {day} : Dayak, {i-default} : Default (Fallthru)
Language, {del} : Delaware, {din} : Dinka, {dv} : Divehi, {doi} : Dogri,
{dgr} : Dogrib, [{dra} : Dravidian (Other)], {dua} : Duala, {nl} : Dutch,
{dum} : Middle Dutch (ca.1050-1350), {dyu} : Dyula, {dz} : Dzongkha, {efi}
: Efik, {egy} : Ancient Egyptian, {eka} : Ekajuk, {elx} : Elamite, {en} :
English, {enm} : Old English (1100-1500), {ang} : Old English
(ca.450-1100), {i-enochian} : Enochian (Artificial), {myv} : Erzya, {eo} :
Esperanto, {et} : Estonian, {ee} : Ewe, {ewo} : Ewondo, {fan} : Fang, {fat}
: Fanti, {fo} : Faroese, {fj} : Fijian, {fi} : Finnish, [{fiu} :
Finno-Ugrian (Other)], {fon} : Fon, {fr} : French, {frm} : Middle French
(ca.1400-1600), {fro} : Old French (842-ca.1400), {fy} : Frisian, {fur} :
Friulian, {ff} : Fulah, {gaa} : Ga, {gd} : Scots Gaelic, {gl} : Gallegan,
{lg} : Ganda, {gay} : Gayo, {gba} : Gbaya, {gez} : Geez, {ka} : Georgian,
{de} : German, {gmh} : Middle High German (ca.1050-1500), {goh} : Old High
German (ca.750-1050), [{gem} : Germanic (Other)], {gil} : Gilbertese, {gon}
: Gondi, {gor} : Gorontalo, {got} : Gothic, {grb} : Grebo, {grc} : Ancient
Greek, {el} : Modern Greek, {gn} : Guarani, {gu} : Gujarati, {gwi} :
Gwich'in, {hai} : Haida, {ht} : Haitian, {ha} : Hausa, {haw} : Hawaiian,
{he} : Hebrew, {hz} : Herero, {hil} : Hiligaynon, {him} : Himachali, {hi} :
Hindi, {ho} : Hiri Motu, {hit} : Hittite, {hmn} : Hmong, {hu} : Hungarian,
{hup} : Hupa, {iba} : Iban, {is} : Icelandic, {io} : Ido, {ig} : Igbo,
{ijo} : Ijo, {ilo} : Iloko, [{inc} : Indic (Other)], [{ine} : Indo-European
(Other)], {id} : Indonesian, {inh} : Ingush, {ia} : Interlingua
(International Auxiliary Language Association), {ie} : Interlingue, {iu} :
Inuktitut, {ik} : Inupiaq, [{ira} : Iranian (Other)], {ga} : Irish, {mga} :
Middle Irish (900-1200), {sga} : Old Irish (to 900), [{iro} : Iroquoian
languages], {it} : Italian, {ja} : Japanese, {jv} : Javanese, {jrb} :
Judeo-Arabic, {jpr} : Judeo-Persian, {kbd} : Kabardian, {kab} : Kabyle,
{kac} : Kachin, {kl} : Kalaallisut, {xal} : Kalmyk, {kam} : Kamba, {kn} :
Kannada, {kr} : Kanuri, {krc} : Karachay-Balkar, {kaa} : Kara-Kalpak, {kar}
: Karen, {ks} : Kashmiri, {csb} : Kashubian, {kaw} : Kawi, {kk} : Kazakh,
{kha} : Khasi, {km} : Khmer, [{khi} : Khoisan (Other)], {kho} : Khotanese,
{ki} : Kikuyu, {kmb} : Kimbundu, {rw} : Kinyarwanda, {ky} : Kirghiz,
{i-klingon} : Klingon, {kv} : Komi, {kg} : Kongo, {kok} : Konkani, {ko} :
Korean, {kos} : Kosraean, {kpe} : Kpelle, {kro} : Kru, {kj} : Kuanyama,
{kum} : Kumyk, {ku} : Kurdish, {kru} : Kurukh, {kut} : Kutenai, {lad} :
Ladino, {lah} : Lahnda, {lam} : Lamba, {lo} : Lao, {la} : Latin, {lv} :
Latvian, {lb} : Letzeburgesch, {lez} : Lezghian, {li} : Limburgish, {ln} :
Lingala, {lt} : Lithuanian, {nds} : Low German, {art-lojban} : Lojban
(Artificial), {loz} : Lozi, {lu} : Luba-Katanga, {lua} : Luba-Lulua, {lui}
: Luiseno, {lun} : Lunda, {luo} : Luo (Kenya and Tanzania), {lus} : Lushai,
{mk} : Macedonian, {mad} : Madurese, {mag} : Magahi, {mai} : Maithili,
{mak} : Makasar, {mg} : Malagasy, {ms} : Malay, {ml} : Malayalam, {mt} :
Maltese, {mnc} : Manchu, {mdr} : Mandar, {man} : Mandingo, {mni} :
Manipuri, [{mno} : Manobo languages], {gv} : Manx, {mi} : Maori, {mr} :
Marathi, {chm} : Mari, {mh} : Marshall, {mwr} : Marwari, {mas} : Masai,
[{myn} : Mayan languages], {men} : Mende, {mic} : Micmac, {min} :
Minangkabau, {i-mingo} : Mingo, [{mis} : Miscellaneous languages], {moh} :
Mohawk, {mdf} : Moksha, {mo} : Moldavian, [{mkh} : Mon-Khmer (Other)],
{lol} : Mongo, {mn} : Mongolian, {mos} : Mossi, [{mul} : Multiple
languages], [{mun} : Munda languages], {nah} : Nahuatl, {nap} : Neapolitan,
{na} : Nauru, {nv} : Navajo, {nd} : North Ndebele, {nr} : South Ndebele,
{ng} : Ndonga, {ne} : Nepali, {new} : Newari, {nia} : Nias, [{nic} :
Niger-Kordofanian (Other)], [{ssa} : Nilo-Saharan (Other)], {niu} : Niuean,
{nog} : Nogai, {non} : Old Norse, [{nai} : North American Indian], {no} :
Norwegian, {nb} : Norwegian Bokmal, {nn} : Norwegian Nynorsk, [{nub} :
Nubian languages], {nym} : Nyamwezi, {nyn} : Nyankole, {nyo} : Nyoro, {nzi}
: Nzima, {oc} : Occitan (post 1500), {oj} : Ojibwa, {or} : Oriya, {om} :
Oromo, {osa} : Osage, {os} : Ossetian; Ossetic, [{oto} : Otomian
languages], {pal} : Pahlavi, {i-pwn} : Paiwan, {pau} : Palauan, {pi} :
Pali, {pam} : Pampanga, {pag} : Pangasinan, {pa} : Panjabi, {pap} :
Papiamento, [{paa} : Papuan (Other)], {fa} : Persian, {peo} : Old Persian
(ca.600-400 B.C.), [{phi} : Philippine (Other)], {phn} : Phoenician, {pon}
: Pohnpeian, {pl} : Polish, {pt} : Portuguese, [{pra} : Prakrit languages],
{pro} : Old Provencal (to 1500), {ps} : Pushto, {qu} : Quechua, {rm} :
Raeto-Romance, {raj} : Rajasthani, {rap} : Rapanui, {rar} : Rarotongan,
[{qaa - qtz} : Reserved for local use.], [{roa} : Romance (Other)], {ro} :
Romanian, {rom} : Romany, {rn} : Rundi, {ru} : Russian, [{sal} : Salishan
languages], {sam} : Samaritan Aramaic, {se} : Northern Sami, {sma} :
Southern Sami, {smn} : Inari Sami, {smj} : Lule Sami, {sms} : Skolt Sami,
[{smi} : Sami languages (Other)], {sm} : Samoan, {sad} : Sandawe, {sg} :
Sango, {sa} : Sanskrit, {sat} : Santali, {sc} : Sardinian, {sas} : Sasak,
{sco} : Scots, {sel} : Selkup, [{sem} : Semitic (Other)], {sr} : Serbian,
{srr} : Serer, {shn} : Shan, {sn} : Shona, {sid} : Sidamo, {sgn-...} : Sign
Languages, {bla} : Siksika, {sd} : Sindhi, {si} : Sinhalese, [{sit} :
Sino-Tibetan (Other)], [{sio} : Siouan languages], {den} : Slave
(Athapascan), [{sla} : Slavic (Other)], {sk} : Slovak, {sl} : Slovenian,
{sog} : Sogdian, {so} : Somali, {son} : Songhai, {snk} : Soninke, {wen} :
Sorbian languages, {nso} : Northern Sotho, {st} : Southern Sotho, [{sai} :
South American Indian (Other)], {es} : Spanish, {suk} : Sukuma, {sux} :
Sumerian, {su} : Sundanese, {sus} : Susu, {sw} : Swahili, {ss} : Swati,
{sv} : Swedish, {syr} : Syriac, {tl} : Tagalog, {ty} : Tahitian, [{tai} :
Tai (Other)], {tg} : Tajik, {tmh} : Tamashek, {ta} : Tamil, {i-tao} : Tao,
{tt} : Tatar, {i-tay} : Tayal, {te} : Telugu, {ter} : Tereno, {tet} :
Tetum, {th} : Thai, {bo} : Tibetan, {tig} : Tigre, {ti} : Tigrinya, {tem} :
Timne, {tiv} : Tiv, {tli} : Tlingit, {tpi} : Tok Pisin, {tkl} : Tokelau,
{tog} : Tonga (Nyasa), {to} : Tonga (Tonga Islands), {tsi} : Tsimshian,
{ts} : Tsonga, {i-tsu} : Tsou, {tn} : Tswana, {tum} : Tumbuka, [{tup} :
Tupi languages], {tr} : Turkish, {ota} : Ottoman Turkish (1500-1928), {crh}
: Crimean Turkish, {tk} : Turkmen, {tvl} : Tuvalu, {tyv} : Tuvinian, {tw} :
Twi, {udm} : Udmurt, {uga} : Ugaritic, {ug} : Uighur, {uk} : Ukrainian,
{umb} : Umbundu, {und} : Undetermined, {ur} : Urdu, {uz} : Uzbek, {vai} :
Vai, {ve} : Venda, {vi} : Vietnamese, {vo} : Volapuk, {vot} : Votic, [{wak}
: Wakashan languages], {wa} : Walloon, {wal} : Walamo, {war} : Waray, {was}
: Washo, {cy} : Welsh, {wo} : Wolof, {x-...} : Unregistered (Semi-Private
Use), {xh} : Xhosa, {sah} : Yakut, {yao} : Yao, {yap} : Yapese, {ii} :
Sichuan Yi, {yi} : Yiddish, {yo} : Yoruba, [{ypk} : Yupik languages], {znd}
: Zande, [{zap} : Zapotec], {zen} : Zenaga, {za} : Zhuang, {zu} : Zulu,
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 I18N::Langinfo - query locale information
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 IO - load various IO modules
=head2 IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory handles
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=head2 IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
=head2 IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O handles
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
=head2 IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
=head2 IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
=head2 IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for I/O objects
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
=head2 IO::Select - OO interface to the select system call
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
=head2 IO::Socket - Object interface to socket communications
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
=head2 IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for AF_INET domain sockets
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
=head2 IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for AF_UNIX domain sockets
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Dir, IO::Dir - supply object methods for directory
new ( [ DIRNAME ] ), open ( DIRNAME ), read (), seek ( POS ), tell (),
rewind (), close (), tie %hash, 'IO::Dir', DIRNAME [, OPTIONS ]
=head2 IO::lib::IO::File, IO::File - supply object methods for filehandles
new ( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), new_tmpfile
open( FILENAME [,MODE [,PERMS]] ), open( FILENAME, IOLAYERS ), binmode(
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Handle, IO::Handle - supply object methods for I/O
new (), new_from_fd ( FD, MODE )
$io->fdopen ( FD, MODE ), $io->opened, $io->getline, $io->getlines,
$io->ungetc ( ORD ), $io->write ( BUF, LEN [, OFFSET ] ), $io->error,
$io->clearerr, $io->sync, $io->flush, $io->printflush ( ARGS ),
$io->blocking ( [ BOOL ] ), $io->untaint
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Pipe, IO::Pipe - supply object methods for pipes
reader ([ARGS]), writer ([ARGS]), handles ()
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Poll, IO::Poll - Object interface to system poll call
mask ( IO [, EVENT_MASK ] ), poll ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), events ( IO ), remove (
IO ), handles( [ EVENT_MASK ] )
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Seekable, IO::Seekable - supply seek based methods for
$io->getpos, $io->setpos, $io->seek ( POS, WHENCE ), WHENCE=0 (SEEK_SET),
WHENCE=1 (SEEK_CUR), WHENCE=2 (SEEK_END), $io->sysseek( POS, WHENCE ),
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Select, IO::Select - OO interface to the select system
add ( HANDLES ), remove ( HANDLES ), exists ( HANDLE ), handles, can_read (
[ TIMEOUT ] ), can_write ( [ TIMEOUT ] ), has_exception ( [ TIMEOUT ] ),
count (), bits(), select ( READ, WRITE, EXCEPTION [, TIMEOUT ] )
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket, IO::Socket - Object interface to socket
accept([PKG]), socketpair(DOMAIN, TYPE, PROTOCOL), atmark, connected,
protocol, sockdomain, sockopt(OPT [, VAL]), socktype, timeout([VAL])
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::INET, IO::Socket::INET - Object interface for
sockaddr (), sockport (), sockhost (), peeraddr (), peerport (), peerhost
=head2 IO::lib::IO::Socket::UNIX, IO::Socket::UNIX - Object interface for
=head2 IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
=head2 IPC::Open2, open2 - open a process for both reading and writing
=head2 IPC::Open3, open3 - open a process for reading, writing, and error
=head2 IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object class
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
=head2 IPC::SysV - SysV IPC constants
=head2 IPC::SysV::Msg, IPC::Msg - SysV Msg IPC object class
new ( KEY , FLAGS ), id, rcv ( BUF, LEN [, TYPE [, FLAGS ]] ), remove, set
( STAT ), set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), snd ( TYPE, MSG [,
=head2 IPC::SysV::Semaphore, IPC::Semaphore - SysV Semaphore IPC object
new ( KEY , NSEMS , FLAGS ), getall, getncnt ( SEM ), getpid ( SEM ),
getval ( SEM ), getzcnt ( SEM ), id, op ( OPLIST ), remove, set ( STAT ),
set ( NAME => VALUE [, NAME => VALUE ...] ), setall ( VALUES ), setval ( N
=head2 List::Util - A selection of general-utility list subroutines
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
=head2 List::Utilib::List::Util, List::Util - A selection of
general-utility list subroutines
first BLOCK LIST, max LIST, maxstr LIST, min LIST, minstr LIST, reduce
BLOCK LIST, shuffle LIST, sum LIST
=item SUGGESTED ADDITIONS
=head2 List::Utilib::Scalar::Util, Scalar::Util - A selection of
general-utility scalar subroutines
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
=head2 Locale::Constants - constants for Locale codes
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency
=head2 Locale::Country - ISO codes for country identification (ISO 3166)
B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2country( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), country2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
country_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
C<all_country_codes( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_country_names( [ CODESET ] )>
=item SEMI-PRIVATE ROUTINES
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, Locale::SubCountry, ISO
3166-1, http://www.iso.org/iso/en/prods-services/iso3166ma/index.html,
http://www.egt.ie/standards/iso3166/iso3166-1-en.html,
http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/docs/app-d-1.html
=head2 Locale::Currency - ISO three letter codes for currency
identification (ISO 4217)
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2currency(), currency2code()
C<all_currency_codes()>, C<all_currency_names()>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, ISO 4217:1995,
http://www.bsi-global.com/iso4217currency
=head2 Locale::Language - ISO two letter codes for language identification
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2language(), language2code()
C<all_language_codes()>, C<all_language_names()>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Country, Locale::Script, Locale::Currency, ISO 639:1988 (E/F),
http://lcweb.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langhome.html
=head2 Locale::Maketext - framework for localization
=item Construction Methods
=item The "maketext" Method
$lh->fail_with I<or> $lh->fail_with(I<PARAM>), $lh->failure_handler_auto
$language->quant($number, $singular), $language->quant($number, $singular,
$plural), $language->quant($number, $singular, $plural, $negative),
$language->numf($number), $language->sprintf($format, @items),
$language->language_tag(), $language->encoding()
=item Language Handle Attributes and Internals
=item LANGUAGE CLASS HIERARCHIES
=item ENTRIES IN EACH LEXICON
=item CONTROLLING LOOKUP FAILURE
=item HOW TO USE MAKETEXT
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMER
=head2 Locale::Maketext::TPJ13 -- article about software localization
=item Localization and Perl: gettext breaks, Maketext fixes
=item A Localization Horror Story: It Could Happen To You
=item The Linguistic View
=item Buzzwords: Abstraction and Encapsulation
=item Buzzword: Isomorphism
=item Buzzword: Inheritance
=item Buzzword: Concision
=item The Devil in the Details
=item The Proof in the Pudding: Localizing Web Sites
=head2 Locale::Script - ISO codes for script identification (ISO 15924)
B<alpha-2>, B<alpha-3>, B<numeric>
=item CONVERSION ROUTINES
code2script( CODE, [ CODESET ] ), script2code( STRING, [ CODESET ] ),
script_code2code( CODE, CODESET, CODESET )
C<all_script_codes ( [ CODESET ] )>, C<all_script_names ( [ CODESET ] )>
=item KNOWN BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Locale::Language, Locale::Currency, Locale::Country, ISO 15924,
http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso15924/
=head2 MIME::Base64 - Encoding and decoding of base64 strings
encode_base64($str), encode_base64($str, $eol);, decode_base64($str)
Premature end of base64 data, Premature padding of base64 data, Wide
character in subroutine entry
=head2 MIME::Base64::QuotedPrint, MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding
of quoted-printable strings
encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
=head2 MIME::QuotedPrint - Encoding and decoding of quoted-printable
encode_qp($str), encode_qp($str, $eol), encode_qp($str, $eol, $binmode),
=head2 Math::BigFloat - Arbitrary size floating point math package
=item C<mantissa()>, C<exponent()> and C<parts()>
=item Accuracy vs. Precision
ffround ( +$scale ), ffround ( -$scale ), ffround ( 0 ), fround ( +$scale
), fround ( -$scale ) and fround ( 0 )
=item Autocreating constants
=item Using Math::BigInt::Lite
stringify, bstr(), bdiv, Modifying and =, bpow, precision() vs. accuracy()
=head2 Math::BigInt - Arbitrary size integer/float math package
=item is_one()/is_zero()/is_nan()/is_inf()
$x->is_pos(); # true if > 0
$x->is_neg(); # true if < 0
=item is_odd()/is_even()/is_int()
=item ACCURACY and PRECISION
'trunc', 'even', 'odd', '+inf', '-inf', 'zero', Precision, Accuracy
(significant digits), Setting/Accessing, Creating numbers, Usage,
Precedence, Overriding globals, Local settings, Rounding, Default values,
=item Infinity and Not a Number
oct()/hex(), log(-inf), exp(), cos(), sin(), atan2()
=item mantissa(), exponent() and parts()
=item Autocreating constants
=item Alternative math libraries
=item Subclassing Math::BigInt
broot() does not work, Out of Memory!, Fails to load Calc on Perl prior
bstr(), bsstr() and 'cmp', int(), length, bdiv, infinity handling,
Modifying and =, bpow, Overloading -$x, Mixing different object types,
=head2 Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
the same terms as Perl itself.
=head2 Math::BigInt::CalcEmu - Emulate low-level math with BigInt code
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
the same terms as Perl itself.
=head2 Math::BigRat - Arbitrary big rational numbers
=item bround()/round()/bfround()
inf handling (partial), NaN handling (partial), rounding (not implemented
except for bceil/bfloor), $x ** $y where $y is not an integer, bmod(),
blog(), bmodinv() and bmodpow() (partial)
=head2 Math::Complex - complex numbers and associated mathematical
=item CHANGED IN PERL 5.6
=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO OR LOGARITHM OF ZERO
=item ERRORS DUE TO INDIGESTIBLE ARGUMENTS
=head2 Math::Trig - trigonometric functions
=item TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
=item ERRORS DUE TO DIVISION BY ZERO
=item SIMPLE (REAL) ARGUMENTS, COMPLEX RESULTS
=item PLANE ANGLE CONVERSIONS
=item RADIAL COORDINATE CONVERSIONS
=item 3-D ANGLE CONVERSIONS
cartesian_to_cylindrical, cartesian_to_spherical, cylindrical_to_cartesian,
cylindrical_to_spherical, spherical_to_cartesian, spherical_to_cylindrical
=item GREAT CIRCLE DISTANCES AND DIRECTIONS
=item CAVEAT FOR GREAT CIRCLE FORMULAS
=head2 Memoize - Make functions faster by trading space for time
=item C<SCALAR_CACHE>, C<LIST_CACHE>
C<MEMORY>, C<HASH>, C<TIE>, C<FAULT>, C<MERGE>
=item PERSISTENT CACHE SUPPORT
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Memoize::AnyDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for AnyDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::Expire - Plug-in module for automatic expiration of
=head2 Memoize::ExpireFile - test for Memoize expiration semantics
=head2 Memoize::ExpireTest - test for Memoize expiration semantics
=head2 Memoize::NDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for NDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::SDBM_File - glue to provide EXISTS for SDBM_File for
=head2 Memoize::Storable - store Memoized data in Storable database
=head2 NDBM_File - Tied access to ndbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<ndbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 NEXT - Provide a pseudo-class NEXT (et al) that allows method
=item Enforcing redispatch
=item Avoiding repetitions
=item Invoking all versions of a method with a single call
=item Using C<EVERY> methods
=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
=head2 Net::Cmd - Network Command class (as used by FTP, SMTP etc)
debug ( VALUE ), message (), code (), ok (), status (), datasend ( DATA ),
debug_print ( DIR, TEXT ), debug_text ( TEXT ), command ( CMD [, ARGS, ...
]), unsupported (), response (), parse_response ( TEXT ), getline (),
ungetline ( TEXT ), rawdatasend ( DATA ), read_until_dot (), tied_fh ()
=head2 Net::Config - Local configuration data for libnet
nntp_hosts, snpp_hosts, pop3_hosts, smtp_hosts, ph_hosts, daytime_hosts,
time_hosts, inet_domain, ftp_firewall, ftp_firewall_type, ftp_ext_passive,
ftp_int_pasive, local_netmask, test_hosts, test_exists
=head2 Net::Domain - Attempt to evaluate the current host's internet name
hostfqdn (), hostname (), hostdomain ()
=head2 Net::FTP - FTP Client class
new ([ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
login ([LOGIN [,PASSWORD [, ACCOUNT] ] ]), authorize ( [AUTH [, RESP]]),
site (ARGS), ascii, binary, rename ( OLDNAME, NEWNAME ), delete ( FILENAME
), cwd ( [ DIR ] ), cdup (), pwd (), restart ( WHERE ), rmdir ( DIR [,
RECURSE ]), mkdir ( DIR [, RECURSE ]), alloc ( SIZE [, RECORD_SIZE] ), ls (
[ DIR ] ), dir ( [ DIR ] ), get ( REMOTE_FILE [, LOCAL_FILE [, WHERE]] ),
put ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), put_unique ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE
] ), append ( LOCAL_FILE [, REMOTE_FILE ] ), unique_name (), mdtm ( FILE ),
size ( FILE ), supported ( CMD ), hash ( [FILEHANDLE_GLOB_REF],[
BYTES_PER_HASH_MARK] ), nlst ( [ DIR ] ), list ( [ DIR ] ), retr ( FILE ),
stor ( FILE ), stou ( FILE ), appe ( FILE ), port ( [ PORT ] ), pasv (),
pasv_xfer ( SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_xfer_unique (
SRC_FILE, DEST_SERVER [, DEST_FILE ] ), pasv_wait ( NON_PASV_SERVER ),
=item Methods for the adventurous
read ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ), write ( BUFFER, SIZE [, TIMEOUT ] ),
bytes_read (), abort (), close ()
B<SMNT>, B<HELP>, B<MODE>, B<SYST>, B<STAT>, B<STRU>, B<REIN>
http://www.csh.rit.edu/~adam/Progs/
=head2 Net::NNTP - NNTP Client class
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ])
article ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), body ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), head (
[ MSGID|MSGNUM ], [FH] ), articlefh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), bodyfh ( [
MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), headfh ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ] ), nntpstat ( [ MSGID|MSGNUM ]
), group ( [ GROUP ] ), ihave ( MSGID [, MESSAGE ]), last (), date (),
postok (), authinfo ( USER, PASS ), list (), newgroups ( SINCE [,
DISTRIBUTIONS ]), newnews ( SINCE [, GROUPS [, DISTRIBUTIONS ]]), next (),
post ( [ MESSAGE ] ), postfh (), slave (), quit ()
newsgroups ( [ PATTERN ] ), distributions (), subscriptions (),
overview_fmt (), active_times (), active ( [ PATTERN ] ), xgtitle ( PATTERN
), xhdr ( HEADER, MESSAGE-SPEC ), xover ( MESSAGE-SPEC ), xpath (
MESSAGE-ID ), xpat ( HEADER, PATTERN, MESSAGE-SPEC), xrover, listgroup ( [
MESSAGE-SPEC, PATTERN, Examples, C<[^]-]>, C<*bdc>, C<[0-9a-zA-Z]>, C<a??d>
=head2 Net::POP3 - Post Office Protocol 3 Client class (RFC1939)
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] 0
auth ( USERNAME, PASSWORD ), user ( USER ), pass ( PASS ), login ( [ USER
[, PASS ]] ), apop ( [ USER [, PASS ]] ), banner (), capa (), capabilities
(), top ( MSGNUM [, NUMLINES ] ), list ( [ MSGNUM ] ), get ( MSGNUM [, FH ]
), getfh ( MSGNUM ), last (), popstat (), ping ( USER ), uidl ( [ MSGNUM ]
), delete ( MSGNUM ), reset (), quit ()
=head2 Net::Ping - check a remote host for reachability
Net::Ping->new([$proto [, $def_timeout [, $bytes [, $device [, $tos
]]]]]);, $p->ping($host [, $timeout]);, $p->source_verify( { 0 | 1 } );,
$p->service_check( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->tcp_service_check( { 0 | 1 } );,
$p->hires( { 0 | 1 } );, $p->bind($local_addr);, $p->open($host);, $p->ack(
[ $host ] );, $p->nack( $failed_ack_host );, $p->close();, pingecho($host
=head2 Net::SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Client
new ( [ HOST ] [, OPTIONS ] )
banner (), domain (), hello ( DOMAIN ), host (), etrn ( DOMAIN ), auth (
USERNAME, PASSWORD ), mail ( ADDRESS [, OPTIONS] ), send ( ADDRESS ),
send_or_mail ( ADDRESS ), send_and_mail ( ADDRESS ), reset (), recipient (
ADDRESS [, ADDRESS, [...]] [, OPTIONS ] ), to ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]]
), cc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ), bcc ( ADDRESS [, ADDRESS [...]] ),
data ( [ DATA ] ), expand ( ADDRESS ), verify ( ADDRESS ), help ( [
=head2 Net::Time - time and daytime network client interface
inet_time ( [HOST [, PROTOCOL [, TIMEOUT]]]), inet_daytime ( [HOST [,
=head2 Net::hostent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gethost*()
=head2 Net::libnetFAQ, libnetFAQ - libnet Frequently Asked Questions
=item Where to get this document
=item How to contribute to this document
=item Author and Copyright Information
=item Obtaining and installing libnet
=item Which version of perl do I need ?
=item What other modules do I need ?
=item What machines support libnet ?
=item Where can I get the latest libnet release
=item How do I download files from an FTP server ?
=item How do I transfer files in binary mode ?
=item How can I get the size of a file on a remote FTP server ?
=item How can I get the modification time of a file on a remote FTP server
=item How can I change the permissions of a file on a remote server ?
=item Can I do a reget operation like the ftp command ?
=item How do I get a directory listing from an FTP server ?
=item Changing directory to "" does not fail ?
=item I am behind a SOCKS firewall, but the Firewall option does not work ?
=item I am behind an FTP proxy firewall, but cannot access machines outside
=item My ftp proxy firewall does not listen on port 21
=item Is it possible to change the file permissions of a file on an FTP
=item I have seen scripts call a method message, but cannot find it
=item Why does Net::FTP not implement mput and mget methods
=item Why can't the part of an Email address after the @ be used as the
=item Why does Net::SMTP not do DNS MX lookups ?
=item The verify method always returns true ?
=item How can I debug my scripts that use Net::* modules ?
=item AUTHOR AND COPYRIGHT
=head2 Net::netent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getnet*()
=head2 Net::protoent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getproto*()
=head2 Net::servent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getserv*()
=head2 Netrc, Net::Netrc - OO interface to users netrc file
machine name, default, login name, password string, account string, macdef
lookup ( MACHINE [, LOGIN ])
login (), password (), account (), lpa ()
=head2 O - Generic interface to Perl Compiler backends
=head2 ODBM_File - Tied access to odbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<odbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 Opcode - Disable named opcodes when compiling perl code
=item Operator Names and Operator Lists
an operator name (opname), an operator tag name (optag), a negated opname
or optag, an operator set (opset)
opcodes, opset (OP, ...), opset_to_ops (OPSET), opset_to_hex (OPSET),
full_opset, empty_opset, invert_opset (OPSET), verify_opset (OPSET, ...),
define_optag (OPTAG, OPSET), opmask_add (OPSET), opmask, opdesc (OP, ...),
=item Manipulating Opsets
=item Predefined Opcode Tags
:base_core, :base_mem, :base_loop, :base_io, :base_orig, :base_math,
:base_thread, :default, :filesys_read, :sys_db, :browse, :filesys_open,
:filesys_write, :subprocess, :ownprocess, :others, :still_to_be_decided,
=head2 Opcode::Safe, Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted
a new namespace, an operator mask
=item Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
=head2 Opcode::ops, ops - Perl pragma to restrict unsafe operations when
=head2 POSIX - Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1
_exit, abort, abs, access, acos, alarm, asctime, asin, assert, atan, atan2,
atexit, atof, atoi, atol, bsearch, calloc, ceil, chdir, chmod, chown,
clearerr, clock, close, closedir, cos, cosh, creat, ctermid, ctime,
cuserid, difftime, div, dup, dup2, errno, execl, execle, execlp, execv,
execve, execvp, exit, exp, fabs, fclose, fcntl, fdopen, feof, ferror,
fflush, fgetc, fgetpos, fgets, fileno, floor, fmod, fopen, fork, fpathconf,
fprintf, fputc, fputs, fread, free, freopen, frexp, fscanf, fseek, fsetpos,
fstat, fsync, ftell, fwrite, getc, getchar, getcwd, getegid, getenv,
geteuid, getgid, getgrgid, getgrnam, getgroups, getlogin, getpgrp, getpid,
getppid, getpwnam, getpwuid, gets, getuid, gmtime, isalnum, isalpha,
isatty, iscntrl, isdigit, isgraph, islower, isprint, ispunct, isspace,
isupper, isxdigit, kill, labs, ldexp, ldiv, link, localeconv, localtime,
log, log10, longjmp, lseek, malloc, mblen, mbstowcs, mbtowc, memchr,
memcmp, memcpy, memmove, memset, mkdir, mkfifo, mktime, modf, nice,
offsetof, open, opendir, pathconf, pause, perror, pipe, pow, printf, putc,
putchar, puts, qsort, raise, rand, read, readdir, realloc, remove, rename,
rewind, rewinddir, rmdir, scanf, setgid, setjmp, setlocale, setpgid,
setsid, setuid, sigaction, siglongjmp, sigpending, sigprocmask, sigsetjmp,
sigsuspend, sin, sinh, sleep, sprintf, sqrt, srand, sscanf, stat, strcat,
strchr, strcmp, strcoll, strcpy, strcspn, strerror, strftime, strlen,
strncat, strncmp, strncpy, strpbrk, strrchr, strspn, strstr, strtod,
strtok, strtol, strtoul, strxfrm, sysconf, system, tan, tanh, tcdrain,
tcflow, tcflush, tcgetpgrp, tcsendbreak, tcsetpgrp, time, times, tmpfile,
tmpnam, tolower, toupper, ttyname, tzname, tzset, umask, uname, ungetc,
unlink, utime, vfprintf, vprintf, vsprintf, wait, waitpid, wcstombs,
new, handler, mask, flags, safe
new, addset, delset, emptyset, fillset, ismember
new, getattr, getcc, getcflag, getiflag, getispeed, getlflag, getoflag,
getospeed, setattr, setcc, setcflag, setiflag, setispeed, setlflag,
setoflag, setospeed, Baud rate values, Terminal interface values, c_cc
field values, c_cflag field values, c_iflag field values, c_lflag field
values, c_oflag field values
=item SYSTEM CONFIGURATION
Constants, WNOHANG, WUNTRACED, Macros, WIFEXITED, WEXITSTATUS, WIFSIGNALED,
WTERMSIG, WIFSTOPPED, WSTOPSIG
=head2 PerlIO - On demand loader for PerlIO layers and root of PerlIO::*
:unix, :stdio, :perlio, :crlf, :mmap, :utf8, :bytes, :raw, :pop, :win32
=item Alternatives to raw
=item Defaults and how to override them
=item Querying the layers of filehandles
=head2 PerlIO::encoding - encoding layer
=head2 PerlIO::scalar - in-memory IO, scalar IO
=item IMPLEMENTATION NOTE
=head2 PerlIO::via - Helper class for PerlIO layers implemented in perl
$class->PUSHED([$mode[,$fh]]), $obj->POPPED([$fh]),
$obj->UTF8($bellowFlag,[$fh]), $obj->OPEN($path,$mode[,$fh]),
$obj->BINMODE([,$fh]), $obj->FDOPEN($fd[,$fh]),
$obj->SYSOPEN($path,$imode,$perm,[,$fh]), $obj->FILENO($fh),
$obj->READ($buffer,$len,$fh), $obj->WRITE($buffer,$fh), $obj->FILL($fh),
$obj->CLOSE($fh), $obj->SEEK($posn,$whence,$fh), $obj->TELL($fh),
$obj->UNREAD($buffer,$fh), $obj->FLUSH($fh), $obj->SETLINEBUF($fh),
$obj->CLEARERR($fh), $obj->ERROR($fh), $obj->EOF($fh)
=item Example - a Hexadecimal Handle
=head2 PerlIO::via::QuotedPrint - PerlIO layer for quoted-printable strings
=head2 Pod::Checker, podchecker() - check pod documents for syntax errors
B<-warnings> =E<gt> I<val>
empty =headn, =over on line I<N> without closing =back, =item without
previous =over, =back without previous =over, No argument for =begin, =end
without =begin, Nested =begin's, =for without formatter specification,
unresolved internal link I<NAME>, Unknown command "I<CMD>", Unknown
interior-sequence "I<SEQ>", nested commands
I<CMD>E<lt>...I<CMD>E<lt>...E<gt>...E<gt>, garbled entity I<STRING>, Entity
number out of range, malformed link LE<lt>E<gt>, nonempty ZE<lt>E<gt>,
empty XE<lt>E<gt>, Spurious text after =pod / =cut, Spurious character(s)
multiple occurrence of link target I<name>, line containing nothing but
whitespace in paragraph, file does not start with =head, previous =item has
no contents, preceding non-item paragraph(s), =item type mismatch (I<one>
vs. I<two>), I<N> unescaped C<E<lt>E<gt>> in paragraph, Unknown entity, No
items in =over, No argument for =item, empty section in previous paragraph,
Verbatim paragraph in NAME section, =headI<n> without preceding higher
ignoring leading/trailing whitespace in link, (section) in '$page'
deprecated, alternative text/node '%s' contains non-escaped | or /
C<Pod::Checker-E<gt>new( %options )>
C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( @args )>, C<$checker-E<gt>poderror( {%opts},
C<$checker-E<gt>num_errors()>
C<$checker-E<gt>num_warnings()>
C<$checker-E<gt>hyperlink()>
=head2 Pod::Find - find POD documents in directory trees
=item C<pod_find( { %opts } , @directories )>
C<-verbose =E<gt> 1>, C<-perl =E<gt> 1>, C<-script =E<gt> 1>, C<-inc =E<gt>
=item C<simplify_name( $str )>
=item C<pod_where( { %opts }, $pod )>
C<-inc =E<gt> 1>, C<-dirs =E<gt> [ $dir1, $dir2, ... ]>, C<-verbose =E<gt>
=item C<contains_pod( $file , $verbose )>
=head2 Pod::Html - module to convert pod files to HTML
backlink, cachedir, css, flush, header, help, hiddendirs, htmldir,
htmlroot, index, infile, libpods, netscape, outfile, podpath, podroot,
quiet, recurse, title, verbose
=head2 Pod::InputObjects - objects representing POD input paragraphs,
package B<Pod::InputSource>, package B<Pod::Paragraph>, package
B<Pod::InteriorSequence>, package B<Pod::ParseTree>
=item B<Pod::InputSource>
=item Pod::Paragraph-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<text()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_prefix()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<cmd_separator()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=item $pod_para-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=item B<Pod::InteriorSequence>
=item Pod::InteriorSequence-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<cmd_name()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<append()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<nested()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<left_delimiter()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<right_delimiter()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<parse_tree()>
=item $pod_seq-E<gt>B<file_line()>
=item Pod::InteriorSequence::B<DESTROY()>
=item Pod::ParseTree-E<gt>B<new()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<top()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<children()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<prepend()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<append()>
=item $ptree-E<gt>B<raw_text()>
=item Pod::ParseTree::B<DESTROY()>
=head2 Pod::LaTeX - Convert Pod data to formatted Latex
B<ReplaceNAMEwithSection>
=item Methods for headings
B<_replace_special_chars>
B<_replace_special_chars_late>
=head2 Pod::Man - Convert POD data to formatted *roff input
center, date, fixed, fixedbold, fixeditalic, fixedbolditalic, name, quotes,
roff font should be 1 or 2 chars, not "%s", Invalid link %s, Invalid quote
specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph "%s", %s:%d: Unknown
escape EE<lt>%sE<gt>, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code %s, %s:%d: Unmatched
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::ParseLink - Parse an LE<lt>E<gt> formatting code in POD text
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::ParseUtils - helpers for POD parsing and conversion
Pod::Hyperlink-E<gt>new()
$link-E<gt>parse($string)
$link-E<gt>markup($string)
$link-E<gt>file(), $link-E<gt>line()
$cache-E<gt>find_page($name)
Pod::Cache::Item-E<gt>new()
$cacheitem-E<gt>description()
$cacheitem-E<gt>find_node($name)
=head2 Pod::Parser - base class for creating POD filters and translators
B<-want_nonPODs> (default: unset), B<-process_cut_cmd> (default: unset),
B<-warnings> (default: unset)
=item RECOMMENDED SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
C<$cmd>, C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
C<$text>, C<$line_num>, C<$pod_para>
=item B<interior_sequence()>
=item OPTIONAL SUBROUTINE/METHOD OVERRIDES
=item B<preprocess_line()>
=item B<preprocess_paragraph()>
=item METHODS FOR PARSING AND PROCESSING
B<-expand_seq> =E<gt> I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_text> =E<gt>
I<code-ref>|I<method-name>, B<-expand_ptree> =E<gt>
I<code-ref>|I<method-name>
=item B<parse_paragraph()>
=item B<parse_from_filehandle()>
=item B<parse_from_file()>
=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
=item B<_push_input_stream()>
=item B<_pop_input_stream()>
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToChecker - let Perldoc check Pod for errors
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToMan - let Perldoc render Pod as man pages
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToNroff - let Perldoc convert Pod to nroff
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToPod - let Perldoc render Pod as ... Pod!
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToRtf - let Perldoc render Pod as RTF
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToText - let Perldoc render Pod as plaintext
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToTk - let Perldoc use Tk::Pod to render Pod
=head2 Pod::Perldoc::ToXml - let Perldoc render Pod as XML
=item COPYRIGHT AND DISCLAIMERS
=head2 Pod::PlainText - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
alt, indent, loose, sentence, width
Bizarre space in item, Can't open %s for reading: %s, Unknown escape: %s,
Unknown sequence: %s, Unmatched =back
=head2 Pod::Plainer - Perl extension for converting Pod to old style Pod.
=head2 Pod::Select, podselect() - extract selected sections of POD from
=item SECTION SPECIFICATIONS
=item RANGE SPECIFICATIONS
=item B<clear_selections()>
B<-output>, B<-sections>, B<-ranges>
=item PRIVATE METHODS AND DATA
=item B<_compile_section_spec()>
=item $self->{_SECTION_HEADINGS}
=item $self->{_SELECTED_SECTIONS}
=head2 Pod::Text - Convert POD data to formatted ASCII text
alt, code, indent, loose, margin, quotes, sentence, width
Bizarre space in item, Item called without tag, Can't open %s for reading:
%s, Invalid quote specification "%s", %s:%d: Unknown command paragraph: %s,
%s:%d: Unknown escape: %s, %s:%d: Unknown formatting code: %s, %s:%d:
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Color - Convert POD data to formatted color ASCII text
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Overstrike - Convert POD data to formatted overstrike
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Text::Termcap - Convert POD data to ASCII text with format
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Pod::Usage, pod2usage() - print a usage message from embedded pod
C<-message>, C<-msg>, C<-exitval>, C<-verbose>, C<-section>, C<-output>,
C<-input>, C<-pathlist>, C<-noperldoc>
=head2 SDBM_File - Tied access to sdbm files
C<O_RDONLY>, C<O_WRONLY>, C<O_RDWR>
=item C<sdbm store returned -1, errno 22, key "..." at ...>
=head2 Safe - Compile and execute code in restricted compartments
a new namespace, an operator mask
=item Methods in class Safe
permit (OP, ...), permit_only (OP, ...), deny (OP, ...), deny_only (OP,
...), trap (OP, ...), untrap (OP, ...), share (NAME, ...), share_from
(PACKAGE, ARRAYREF), varglob (VARNAME), reval (STRING), rdo (FILENAME),
root (NAMESPACE), mask (MASK)
Memory, CPU, Snooping, Signals, State Changes
=head2 Scalar::Util - A selection of general-utility scalar subroutines
blessed EXPR, dualvar NUM, STRING, isvstring EXPR, isweak EXPR,
looks_like_number EXPR, openhandle FH, refaddr EXPR, reftype EXPR,
set_prototype CODEREF, PROTOTYPE, tainted EXPR, weaken REF
=head2 Search::Dict, look - search for key in dictionary file
=head2 SelectSaver - save and restore selected file handle
=head2 SelfLoader - load functions only on demand
=item SelfLoader autoloading
=item Autoloading and package lexicals
=item SelfLoader and AutoLoader
=item __DATA__, __END__, and the FOOBAR::DATA filehandle.
=item Classes and inherited methods.
=item Multiple packages and fully qualified subroutine names
=head2 Shell - run shell commands transparently within perl
=item Escaping Magic Characters
=head2 Socket, sockaddr_in, sockaddr_un, inet_aton, inet_ntoa - load the C
socket.h defines and structure manipulators
inet_aton HOSTNAME, inet_ntoa IP_ADDRESS, INADDR_ANY, INADDR_BROADCAST,
INADDR_LOOPBACK, INADDR_NONE, sockaddr_family SOCKADDR, sockaddr_in PORT,
ADDRESS, sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, pack_sockaddr_in PORT, IP_ADDRESS,
unpack_sockaddr_in SOCKADDR_IN, sockaddr_un PATHNAME, sockaddr_un
SOCKADDR_UN, pack_sockaddr_un PATH, unpack_sockaddr_un SOCKADDR_UN
=head2 Storable - persistence for Perl data structures
=item CANONICAL REPRESENTATION
=item FORWARD COMPATIBILITY
utf8 data, restricted hashes, files from future versions of Storable
C<STORABLE_freeze> I<obj>, I<cloning>, C<STORABLE_thaw> I<obj>, I<cloning>,
I<serialized>, .., C<STORABLE_attach> I<class>, I<cloning>, I<serialized>
C<Storable::last_op_in_netorder>, C<Storable::is_storing>,
C<Storable::is_retrieving>
=item 64 bit data in perl 5.6.0 and 5.6.1
=head2 Switch - A switch statement for Perl
=item Allowing fall-through
=item Automating fall-through
=item Higher-order Operations
=head2 Symbol - manipulate Perl symbols and their names
=head2 Sys::Hostname - Try every conceivable way to get hostname
=head2 Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3) calls
B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in 5.004_02),
Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
=head2 Syslog::Syslog, Sys::Syslog - Perl interface to the UNIX syslog(3)
B<openlog($ident, $logopt, $facility)>, B<syslog($priority, $message)>,
B<syslog($priority, $format, @args)>, B<Note>,
B<setlogmask($mask_priority)>, B<setlogsock($sock_type)>,
B<setlogsock($sock_type, $stream_location)> (added in 5.004_02),
Invalid argument passed to setlogsock, no connection to syslog available,
stream passed to setlogsock, but %s is not writable, stream passed to
setlogsock, but could not find any device, tcp passed to setlogsock, but
tcp service unavailable, syslog: expecting argument %s, syslog: invalid
level/facility: %s, syslog: too many levels given: %s, syslog: too many
facilities given: %s, syslog: level must be given, udp passed to
setlogsock, but udp service unavailable, unix passed to setlogsock, but
AnnoCPAN: Annotated CPAN documentation, CPAN Ratings, RT: CPAN's request
=head2 Term::ANSIColor - Color screen output using ANSI escape sequences
Bad escape sequence %s, Bareword "%s" not allowed while "strict subs" in
use, Invalid attribute name %s, Name "%s" used only once: possible typo, No
comma allowed after filehandle, No name for escape sequence %s
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Term::Cap - Perl termcap interface
B<Tpad>, B<$string>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
B<Tputs>, B<$cap>, B<$cnt>, B<$FH>
B<Tgoto>, B<$cap>, B<$col>, B<$row>, B<$FH>
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Term::Complete - Perl word completion module
E<lt>tabE<gt>, ^D, ^U, E<lt>delE<gt>, E<lt>bsE<gt>
=head2 Term::ReadLine - Perl interface to various C<readline> packages.
If no real package is found, substitutes stubs instead of basic functions.
=item Minimal set of supported functions
C<ReadLine>, C<new>, C<readline>, C<addhistory>, C<IN>, C<OUT>, C<MinLine>,
C<findConsole>, Attribs, C<Features>
=item Additional supported functions
C<tkRunning>, C<ornaments>, C<newTTY>
=head2 Test - provides a simple framework for writing test scripts
C<plan(...)>, C<tests =E<gt> I<number>>, C<todo =E<gt> [I<1,5,14>]>,
C<onfail =E<gt> sub { ... }>, C<onfail =E<gt> \&some_sub>
C<skip(I<skip_if_true>, I<args...>)>
NORMAL TESTS, SKIPPED TESTS, TODO TESTS
=head2 Test::Builder - Backend for building test libraries
B<no_diag>, B<no_ending>, B<no_header>
B<output>, B<failure_output>, B<todo_output>
=item Test Status and Info
=head2 Test::Builder::Module - Base class for test modules
=head2 Test::Builder::Tester - test testsuites that have been built with
test_test, title (synonym 'name', 'label'), skip_out, skip_err
=head2 Test::Builder::Tester::Color - turn on colour in
=head2 Test::Harness - Run Perl standard test scripts with statistics
=item Configuration variables.
C<$Test::Harness::Verbose>, C<$Test::Harness::switches>,
B<Failed Test>, B<Stat>, B<Wstat>, B<Total>, B<Fail>, B<Failed>, B<List of
C<All tests successful.\nFiles=%d, Tests=%d, %s>, C<FAILED tests
%s\n\tFailed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.>, C<Test returned status %d (wstat
%d)>, C<Failed 1 test, %.2f%% okay. %s>, C<Failed %d/%d tests, %.2f%% okay.
%s>, C<FAILED--Further testing stopped: %s>
=item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT TEST::HARNESS SETS
C<HARNESS_ACTIVE>, C<HARNESS_VERSION>
=item ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES THAT AFFECT TEST::HARNESS
C<HARNESS_COLUMNS>, C<HARNESS_COMPILE_TEST>, C<HARNESS_DEBUG>,
C<HARNESS_FILELEAK_IN_DIR>, C<HARNESS_IGNORE_EXITCODE>, C<HARNESS_NOTTY>,
C<HARNESS_PERL>, C<HARNESS_PERL_SWITCHES>, C<HARNESS_VERBOSE>
=head2 Test::Harness::Assert - simple assert
=head2 Test::Harness::Iterator - Internal Test::Harness Iterator
=head2 Test::Harness::Point - object for tracking a single test point
=item from_test_line( $line )
=head2 Test::Harness::Straps - detailed analysis of test results
=item $strap->analyze( $name, \@output_lines )
=item $strap->analyze_fh( $name, $test_filehandle )
=item $strap->analyze_file( $test_file )
=item $strap->_command_line( $file )
=item $strap->_switches( $file )
=item $strap->_cleaned_switches( @switches_from_user )
=item $strap->_INC2PERL5LIB
=item $strap->_filtered_INC()
=item $strap->_restore_PERL5LIB()
=item C<_reset_file_state>
=head2 Test::Harness::TAP - Documentation for the TAP format
=item TESTS LINES AND THE PLAN
C<ok> or C<not ok>, Test number, Description, Directive, ok/not ok
(required), Test number (recommended), Description (recommended), Directive
=item Common with explanation
=item Unknown amount and failures
=item Skipping everything
=head2 Test::More - yet another framework for writing test scripts
=item I love it when a plan comes together
=item I'm ok, you're not ok.
=item Complex data structures
B<TODO: BLOCK>, B<todo_skip>
When do I use SKIP vs. TODO?
=item Discouraged comparison functions
=item Extending and Embedding Test::More
Backwards compatibility, Overloaded objects, Threads, Test::Harness upgrade
=head2 Test::Simple - Basic utilities for writing tests.
L<Test::More>, L<Test>, L<Test::Unit>, L<Test::Inline>, L<SelfTest>,
=head2 Test::Tutorial - A tutorial about writing really basic tests
=item Nuts and bolts of testing.
=item Sometimes the tests are wrong
=item Testing lots of values
=item Testing with taint mode.
=head2 Text::Abbrev, abbrev - create an abbreviation table from a list
=head2 Text::Balanced - Extract delimited text sequences from strings.
=item General behaviour in list contexts
=item General behaviour in scalar and void contexts
=item A note about prefixes
=item C<extract_delimited>
=item C<extract_bracketed>
=item C<extract_variable>
C<reject =E<gt> $listref>, C<ignore =E<gt> $listref>, C<fail =E<gt> $str>,
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]
=item C<gen_extract_tagged>
=item C<extract_quotelike>
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]
=item C<extract_quotelike> and "here documents"
[0], [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7..10]
=item C<extract_codeblock>
=item C<extract_multiple>
=item C<gen_delimited_pat>
C<Did not find a suitable bracket: "%s">, C<Did not find prefix: /%s/>,
C<Did not find opening bracket after prefix: "%s">, C<No quotelike
operator found after prefix: "%s">, C<Unmatched closing bracket: "%c">,
C<Unmatched opening bracket(s): "%s">, C<Unmatched embedded quote (%s)>,
C<Did not find closing delimiter to match '%s'>, C<Mismatched closing
bracket: expected "%c" but found "%s">, C<No block delimiter found after
quotelike "%s">, C<Did not find leading dereferencer>, C<Bad identifier
after dereferencer>, C<Did not find expected opening bracket at %s>,
C<Improperly nested codeblock at %s>, C<Missing second block for quotelike
"%s">, C<No match found for opening bracket>, C<Did not find opening tag:
/%s/>, C<Unable to construct closing tag to match: /%s/>, C<Found invalid
nested tag: %s>, C<Found unbalanced nested tag: %s>, C<Did not find closing
=item BUGS AND IRRITATIONS
=head2 Text::ParseWords - parse text into an array of tokens or array of
=head2 Text::Soundex - Implementation of the Soundex Algorithm as Described
=head2 Text::Tabs -- expand and unexpand tabs per the unix expand(1) and
=head2 Text::Wrap - line wrapping to form simple paragraphs
=head2 Thread - manipulate threads in Perl (for old code only)
$thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub), $thread = Thread->new(\&start_sub,
LIST), lock VARIABLE, async BLOCK;, Thread->self, cond_wait VARIABLE,
cond_signal VARIABLE, cond_broadcast VARIABLE, yield
join, eval, detach, equal, tid, flags, done
=head2 Thread::Queue - thread-safe queues
=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, enqueue LIST, dequeue, dequeue_nb, pending
=head2 Thread::Semaphore - thread-safe semaphores
=item FUNCTIONS AND METHODS
new, new NUMBER, down, down NUMBER, up, up NUMBER
=head2 Thread::Signal - Start a thread which runs signal handlers reliably
=head2 Thread::Specific - thread-specific keys
=head2 Tie::Array - base class for tied arrays
TIEARRAY classname, LIST, STORE this, index, value, FETCH this, index,
FETCHSIZE this, STORESIZE this, count, EXTEND this, count, EXISTS this,
key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR this, DESTROY this, PUSH this, LIST, POP this,
SHIFT this, UNSHIFT this, LIST, SPLICE this, offset, length, LIST
=head2 Tie::File - Access the lines of a disk file via a Perl array
=item C<defer>, C<flush>, C<discard>, and C<autodefer>
=item Tying to an already-opened filehandle
=item CONCURRENT ACCESS TO FILES
=item WHAT ABOUT C<DB_File>?
=head2 Tie::Handle, Tie::StdHandle - base class definitions for tied
TIEHANDLE classname, LIST, WRITE this, scalar, length, offset, PRINT this,
LIST, PRINTF this, format, LIST, READ this, scalar, length, offset,
READLINE this, GETC this, CLOSE this, OPEN this, filename, BINMODE this,
EOF this, TELL this, SEEK this, offset, whence, DESTROY this
=head2 Tie::Hash, Tie::StdHash, Tie::ExtraHash - base class definitions for
TIEHASH classname, LIST, STORE this, key, value, FETCH this, key, FIRSTKEY
this, NEXTKEY this, lastkey, EXISTS this, key, DELETE this, key, CLEAR
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::StdHash>
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::ExtraHash>
=item C<SCALAR>, C<UNTIE> and C<DESTROY>
=head2 Tie::Memoize - add data to hash when needed
=item Inheriting from B<Tie::Memoize>
=head2 Tie::RefHash - use references as hash keys
=head2 Tie::Scalar, Tie::StdScalar - base class definitions for tied
TIESCALAR classname, LIST, FETCH this, STORE this, value, DESTROY this
=head2 Tie::SubstrHash - Fixed-table-size, fixed-key-length hashing
=head2 Time::HiRes - High resolution alarm, sleep, gettimeofday, interval
gettimeofday (), usleep ( $useconds ), nanosleep ( $nanoseconds ), ualarm (
$useconds [, $interval_useconds ] ), tv_interval, time (), sleep (
$floating_seconds ), alarm ( $floating_seconds [,
$interval_floating_seconds ] ), setitimer ( $which, $floating_seconds [,
$interval_floating_seconds ] ), getitimer ( $which ), clock_gettime (
$which ), clock_getres ( $which ), clock_nanosleep ( $which, $seconds,
=item negative time not invented yet
=item internal error: useconds < 0 (unsigned ... signed ...)
=item COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
=head2 Time::Local - efficiently compute time from local and GMT time
=item Ambiguous Local Times (DST)
=item Non-Existent Local Times (DST)
=item Negative Epoch Values
=head2 Time::gmtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in gmtime()
=head2 Time::localtime - by-name interface to Perl's built-in localtime()
=head2 Time::tm - internal object used by Time::gmtime and Time::localtime
=head2 UNIVERSAL - base class for ALL classes (blessed references)
C<< $obj->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<< CLASS->isa( TYPE ) >>, C<isa( VAL, TYPE )>,
C<TYPE>, C<$obj>, C<CLASS>, C<VAL>, C<< $obj->can( METHOD ) >>, C<<
CLASS->can( METHOD ) >>, C<can( VAL, METHOD )>, C<VERSION ( [ REQUIRE ] )>
=head2 Unicode::Collate - Unicode Collation Algorithm
=item Constructor and Tailoring
UCA_Version, alternate, backwards, entry, hangul_terminator, ignoreChar,
ignoreName, katakana_before_hiragana, level, normalization, overrideCJK,
overrideHangul, preprocess, rearrange, table, undefChar, undefName,
upper_before_lower, variable
=item Methods for Collation
C<@sorted = $Collator-E<gt>sort(@not_sorted)>, C<$result =
$Collator-E<gt>cmp($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>eq($a, $b)>,
C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ne($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>lt($a,
$b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>le($a, $b)>, C<$result =
$Collator-E<gt>gt($a, $b)>, C<$result = $Collator-E<gt>ge($a, $b)>,
C<$sortKey = $Collator-E<gt>getSortKey($string)>, C<$sortKeyForm =
$Collator-E<gt>viewSortKey($string)>
=item Methods for Searching
C<$position = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[, $position])>,
C<($position, $length) = $Collator-E<gt>index($string, $substring[,
$position])>, C<$match_ref = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>,
C<($match) = $Collator-E<gt>match($string, $substring)>, C<@match =
$Collator-E<gt>gmatch($string, $substring)>, C<$count =
$Collator-E<gt>subst($string, $substring, $replacement)>, C<$count =
$Collator-E<gt>gsubst($string, $substring, $replacement)>
C<%old_tailoring = $Collator-E<gt>change(%new_tailoring)>, C<$version =
$Collator-E<gt>version()>, C<UCA_Version()>, C<Base_Unicode_Version()>
Normalization, Conformance Test
=item AUTHOR, COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Unicode Collation Algorithm - UTS #10, The Default Unicode Collation
Element Table (DUCET), The conformance test for the UCA, Hangul Syllable
Type, Unicode Normalization Forms - UAX #15
=head2 Unicode::Normalize - Unicode Normalization Forms
=item Normalization Forms
C<$NFD_string = NFD($string)>, C<$NFC_string = NFC($string)>,
C<$NFKD_string = NFKD($string)>, C<$NFKC_string = NFKC($string)>,
C<$FCD_string = FCD($string)>, C<$FCC_string = FCC($string)>,
C<$normalized_string = normalize($form_name, $string)>
=item Decomposition and Composition
C<$decomposed_string = decompose($string)>, C<$decomposed_string =
decompose($string, $useCompatMapping)>, C<$reordered_string =
reorder($string)>, C<$composed_string = compose($string)>
C<$result = checkNFD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFC($string)>, C<$result =
checkNFKD($string)>, C<$result = checkNFKC($string)>, C<$result =
checkFCD($string)>, C<$result = checkFCC($string)>, C<$result =
check($form_name, $string)>
C<$canonical_decomposed = getCanon($codepoint)>,
C<$compatibility_decomposed = getCompat($codepoint)>,
C<$codepoint_composite = getComposite($codepoint_here, $codepoint_next)>,
C<$combining_class = getCombinClass($codepoint)>, C<$is_exclusion =
isExclusion($codepoint)>, C<$is_singleton = isSingleton($codepoint)>,
C<$is_non_starter_decomposition = isNonStDecomp($codepoint)>,
C<$may_be_composed_with_prev_char = isComp2nd($codepoint)>
Perl's version vs. Unicode version, Correction of decomposition mapping,
Revised definition of canonical composition
http://www.unicode.org/reports/tr15/,
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/DerivedNormalizationProps.txt,
http://www.unicode.org/Public/UNIDATA/NormalizationCorrections.txt,
http://www.unicode.org/review/pr-29.html, http://www.unicode.org/notes/tn5/
=head2 Unicode::UCD - Unicode character database
=item Blocks versus Scripts
=item Matching Scripts and Blocks
=item Code Point Arguments
=item Unicode::UCD::UnicodeVersion
=item Implementation Note
=head2 User::grent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getgr*()
=head2 User::pwent - by-name interface to Perl's built-in getpw*()
=head2 XSLoader - Dynamically load C libraries into Perl code
=item Migration from C<DynaLoader>
=item Backward compatible boilerplate
=item Order of initialization: early load()
=item The most hairy case
Can't find '%s' symbol in %s, Can't load '%s' for module %s: %s, Undefined
symbols present after loading %s: %s, XSLoader::load('Your::Module',
=head1 AUXILIARY DOCUMENTATION
Here should be listed all the extra programs' documentation, but they
don't all have manual pages yet:
Larry Wall <F<larry@wall.org>>, with the help of oodles