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.TH charnames 3 "2001-09-21" "perl v5.8.8" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
charnames \- define character names for \f(CW\*(C`\eN{named}\*(C'\fR string literal escapes
\& use charnames ':full';
\& print "\eN{GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA} is called sigma.\en";
\& use charnames ':short';
\& print "\eN{greek:Sigma} is an upper-case sigma.\en";
\& use charnames qw(cyrillic greek);
\& print "\eN{sigma} is Greek sigma, and \eN{be} is Cyrillic b.\en";
\& use charnames ":full", ":alias" => {
\& e_ACUTE => "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE",
\& print "\eN{e_ACUTE} is a small letter e with an acute.\en";
\& print charnames::viacode(0x1234); # prints "ETHIOPIC SYLLABLE SEE"
\& printf "%04X", charnames::vianame("GOTHIC LETTER AHSA"); # prints "10330"
Pragma \f(CW\*(C`use charnames\*(C'\fR supports arguments \f(CW\*(C`:full\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`:short\*(C'\fR, script
names and customized aliases. If \f(CW\*(C`:full\*(C'\fR is present, for expansion of
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eN{CHARNAME}\*(C'\fR, the string \f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR is first looked up in the list of
standard Unicode character names. If \f(CW\*(C`:short\*(C'\fR is present, and
\&\f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR has the form \f(CW\*(C`SCRIPT:CNAME\*(C'\fR, then \f(CW\*(C`CNAME\*(C'\fR is looked up
as a letter in script \f(CW\*(C`SCRIPT\*(C'\fR. If pragma \f(CW\*(C`use charnames\*(C'\fR is used
with script name arguments, then for \f(CW\*(C`\eN{CHARNAME}\*(C'\fR the name
\&\f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR is looked up as a letter in the given scripts (in the
specified order). Customized aliases are explained in \*(L"\s-1CUSTOM\s0 \s-1ALIASES\s0\*(R".
For lookup of \f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR inside a given script \f(CW\*(C`SCRIPTNAME\*(C'\fR
this pragma looks for the names
\& SCRIPTNAME CAPITAL LETTER CHARNAME
\& SCRIPTNAME SMALL LETTER CHARNAME
\& SCRIPTNAME LETTER CHARNAME
in the table of standard Unicode names. If \f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR is lowercase,
then the \f(CW\*(C`CAPITAL\*(C'\fR variant is ignored, otherwise the \f(CW\*(C`SMALL\*(C'\fR variant
Note that \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR is compile\-time, it's a special form of string
constant used inside double-quoted strings: in other words, you cannot
use variables inside the \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR. If you want similar run-time
functionality, use \fIcharnames::vianame()\fR.
For the C0 and C1 control characters (U+0000..U+001F, U+0080..U+009F)
as of Unicode 3.1, there are no official Unicode names but you can use
instead the \s-1ISO\s0 6429 names (\s-1LINE\s0 \s-1FEED\s0, \s-1ESCAPE\s0, and so forth). In
Unicode 3.2 (as of Perl 5.8) some naming changes take place \s-1ISO\s0 6429
has been updated, see \*(L"\s-1ALIASES\s0\*(R". Also note that the U+UU80, U+0081,
U+0084, and U+0099 do not have names even in \s-1ISO\s0 6429.
Since the Unicode standard uses \*(L"U+HHHH\*(R", so can you: \*(L"\eN{U+263a}\*(R"
is the Unicode smiley face, or \*(L"\eN{\s-1WHITE\s0 \s-1SMILING\s0 \s-1FACE\s0}\*(R".
.IX Header "CUSTOM TRANSLATORS"
The mechanism of translation of \f(CW\*(C`\eN{...}\*(C'\fR escapes is general and not
hardwired into \fIcharnames.pm\fR. A module can install custom
translations (inside the scope which \f(CW\*(C`use\*(C'\fRs the module) with the
following magic incantation:
\& use charnames (); # for $charnames::hint_bits
\& $^H |= $charnames::hint_bits;
\& $^H{charnames} = \e&translator;
Here \fItranslator()\fR is a subroutine which takes \f(CW\*(C`CHARNAME\*(C'\fR as an
argument, and returns text to insert into the string instead of the
\&\f(CW\*(C`\eN{CHARNAME}\*(C'\fR escape. Since the text to insert should be different
in \f(CW\*(C`bytes\*(C'\fR mode and out of it, the function should check the current
state of \f(CW\*(C`bytes\*(C'\fR\-flag as in:
\& use bytes (); # for $bytes::hint_bits
\& if ($^H & $bytes::hint_bits) {
\& return bytes_translator(@_);
\& return utf8_translator(@_);
.IX Header "CUSTOM ALIASES"
This version of charnames supports three mechanisms of adding local
or customized aliases to standard Unicode naming conventions (:full)
.IX Subsection "Anonymous hashes"
\& use charnames ":full", ":alias" => {
\& e_ACUTE => "LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE",
\& my $str = "\eN{e_ACUTE}";
.IX Subsection "Alias file"
\& use charnames ":full", ":alias" => "pro";
\& will try to read "unicore/pro_alias.pl" from the @INC path. This
\& file should return a list in plain perl:
\& A_GRAVE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH GRAVE",
\& A_CIRCUM => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX",
\& A_DIAERES => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS",
\& A_TILDE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH TILDE",
\& A_BREVE => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH BREVE",
\& A_RING => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE",
\& A_MACRON => "LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH MACRON",
.IX Subsection "Alias shortcut"
\& use charnames ":alias" => ":pro";
\& works exactly the same as the alias pairs, only this time,
\& ":full" is inserted automatically as first argument (if no
\& other argument is given).
.SH "charnames::viacode(code)"
.IX Header "charnames::viacode(code)"
Returns the full name of the character indicated by the numeric code.
\& print charnames::viacode(0x2722);
prints \*(L"\s-1FOUR\s0 TEARDROP-SPOKED \s-1ASTERISK\s0\*(R".
Returns undef if no name is known for the code.
This works only for the standard names, and does not yet apply
Notice that the name returned for of U+FEFF is \*(L"\s-1ZERO\s0 \s-1WIDTH\s0 NO-BREAK
\&\s-1SPACE\s0\*(R", not \*(L"\s-1BYTE\s0 \s-1ORDER\s0 \s-1MARK\s0\*(R".
.SH "charnames::vianame(name)"
.IX Header "charnames::vianame(name)"
Returns the code point indicated by the name.
\& printf "%04X", charnames::vianame("FOUR TEARDROP-SPOKED ASTERISK");
Returns undef if the name is unknown.
This works only for the standard names, and does not yet apply
A few aliases have been defined for convenience: instead of having
to use the official names
(yes, with parentheses) one can use
for \s-1ZERO\s0 \s-1WIDTH\s0 NON-JOINER and \s-1ZERO\s0 \s-1WIDTH\s0 \s-1JOINER\s0.
For backward compatibility one can use the old names for
certain C0 and C1 controls
\& HORIZONTAL TABULATION CHARACTER TABULATION
\& VERTICAL TABULATION LINE TABULATION
\& FILE SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR FOUR
\& GROUP SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR THREE
\& RECORD SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR TWO
\& UNIT SEPARATOR INFORMATION SEPARATOR ONE
\& PARTIAL LINE DOWN PARTIAL LINE FORWARD
\& PARTIAL LINE UP PARTIAL LINE BACKWARD
but the old names in addition to giving the character
will also give a warning about being deprecated.
.IX Header "ILLEGAL CHARACTERS"
If you ask by name for a character that does not exist, a warning is
given and the Unicode \fIreplacement character\fR \*(L"\ex{\s-1FFFD\s0}\*(R" is returned.
If you ask by code for a character that does not exist, no warning is
given and \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR is returned. (Though if you ask for a code point
past U+10FFFF you do get a warning.)
Since evaluation of the translation function happens in a middle of
compilation (of a string literal), the translation function should not
do any \f(CW\*(C`eval\*(C'\fRs or \f(CW\*(C`require\*(C'\fRs. This restriction should be lifted in
a future version of Perl.
projects / OpenSPARC-T2-SAM / blob