| 1 | # Overview # |
| 2 | |
| 3 | This directory contains a 2.11BSD system image for use with the PDP-11 |
| 4 | simulator included in SIMH. If using this image on a real PDP-11, note that |
| 5 | 2.11BSD requires a PDP-11 with Supervisor Mode and requires a split I+D |
| 6 | machine. |
| 7 | |
| 8 | The major change in 2.11BSD was the addition of backported networking code from |
| 9 | 4.3BSD on the VAX. It also incorporates a number of other small 4.3BSD changes |
| 10 | like long filenames. |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Otherwise, 2.11BSD is extremely similar to 2.10BSD. It retains the same 4.3BSD |
| 13 | structure and system calls and the largely 4.3BSD user-land software. It also |
| 14 | retains the same hardware support as 2.10BSD which added 22-bit QBus support, |
| 15 | an MSCP driver, and etc. |
| 16 | |
| 17 | This was the final BSD released for the PDP-11 and it feels remarkably modern. |
| 18 | In fact, the similarities are so strong that no user manuals were ever printed; |
| 19 | users were simply instructed to use 4.3BSD manuals from the VAX. 2.11BSD is |
| 20 | also the fastest BSD for the PDP-11, incorporating many backported |
| 21 | efficiency-related changes from 4.3BSD. For example, whereas ULTRIX-11 V3.0 on |
| 22 | a PDP-11/73 takes 1.1 seconds to start `vi`, and 2.9BSD takes 0.9 seconds |
| 23 | (likely due to use of `vfork`), the same `vi` image takes only 0.2 seconds to |
| 24 | start from the main memory cache on 2.11BSD. |
| 25 | |
| 26 | This 2.11BSD system is up to date, currently sitting at patch 450 released on |
| 27 | Mar 19, 2016. All patches were obtained from <ftp://moe.2bsd.com/pub/2.11BSD/> |
| 28 | or <https://www.retro11.de/data/211bsd/patches/>. The system was built (and |
| 29 | rebuilds itself) regularly on `kryten.subgeniuskitty.com`, a real PDP-11/83. |
| 30 | |
| 31 | |
| 32 | # Status # |
| 33 | |
| 34 | Fully tested on SIMH 3.9-0 and a real PDP-11/83. |
| 35 | |
| 36 | |
| 37 | # Instructions # |
| 38 | |
| 39 | |
| 40 | ## Power On ## |
| 41 | |
| 42 | To power up a simulated PDP-11/73 and run this 2.11BSD disk image, simply |
| 43 | un-gzip the disk image file and start up SIMH with the provided configuration |
| 44 | file. |
| 45 | |
| 46 | % gunzip disk0_ra90_211bsd.dsk.gz |
| 47 | % pdp11 simh.conf |
| 48 | |
| 49 | PDP-11 simulator V3.9-0 |
| 50 | Disabling CR |
| 51 | Disabling RK |
| 52 | Disabling HK |
| 53 | Disabling TM |
| 54 | . |
| 55 | .Select a kernel at the ':' prompt. |
| 56 | .For example, ': ra(0,0,0)unix'. |
| 57 | .At the first '#' prompt you are in single-user mode. |
| 58 | .Use Ctrl-D to logout and continue the boot. |
| 59 | .Login with username 'root' and password 'temppass'. |
| 60 | .Shut down with 'sync; sync; halt'. |
| 61 | . |
| 62 | |
| 63 | 73Boot from ra(0,0,0) at 0172150 |
| 64 | : |
| 65 | |
| 66 | The `:` prompt is from the bootloader, to whom we must communicate a device and |
| 67 | file to continue the boot process. We're booting from the first MSCP-compatible |
| 68 | disc, using the file `/unix`, so type `ra(0,0,0)unix` followed by `ENTER`. |
| 69 | |
| 70 | : ra(0,0,0)unix |
| 71 | Boot: bootdev=02400 bootcsr=0172150 |
| 72 | |
| 73 | 2.11 BSD UNIX #1: Sat Aug 11 20:38:20 PDT 2018 |
| 74 | root@curly.2bsd.com:/usr/src/sys/KRYTEN-NONET |
| 75 | |
| 76 | ra0: Ver 3 mod 3 |
| 77 | ra0: RA90 size=2376153 |
| 78 | |
| 79 | phys mem = 4186112 |
| 80 | avail mem = 3990464 |
| 81 | user mem = 307200 |
| 82 | |
| 83 | August 12 00:03:32 init: configure system |
| 84 | |
| 85 | ra 0 csr 172150 vector 154 vectorset attached |
| 86 | cn 1 csr 176500 vector 300 skipped: No CSR. |
| 87 | cn 2 csr 176510 vector 310 skipped: No CSR. |
| 88 | cn 3 csr 176520 vector 320 skipped: No CSR. |
| 89 | cn 4 csr 176530 vector 330 skipped: No CSR. |
| 90 | erase, kill ^U, intr ^C |
| 91 | # |
| 92 | |
| 93 | The system has now booted up to single-user mode and you are logged in as |
| 94 | `root`. To continue booting to multi-user mode, simply type `Ctrl-d` to log |
| 95 | out and system startup will proceed. |
| 96 | |
| 97 | # Fast boot ... skipping disk checks |
| 98 | checking quotas: done. |
| 99 | Assuming non-networking system ... |
| 100 | checking for core dump... |
| 101 | preserving editor files |
| 102 | clearing /tmp |
| 103 | standard daemons: update cron accounting. |
| 104 | starting lpd |
| 105 | starting local daemons: sendmail. |
| 106 | Sun Aug 12 00:03:38 PDT 2018 |
| 107 | |
| 108 | |
| 109 | 2.11 BSD UNIX (curly.2bsd.com) (console) |
| 110 | |
| 111 | login: |
| 112 | |
| 113 | The system is in multi-user mode. Login as `root` with password `temppass`. |
| 114 | |
| 115 | login: root |
| 116 | Password: |
| 117 | erase, kill ^U, intr ^C |
| 118 | # |
| 119 | |
| 120 | That's it! 2.11BSD is up and you're logged in. |
| 121 | |
| 122 | The system includes a full set of man pages to get you started. If the Bourne |
| 123 | shell used on the root account grows tiring, `tcsh` (and others) are already |
| 124 | installed and include features like tab-completion. |
| 125 | |
| 126 | |
| 127 | ## Power Off ## |
| 128 | |
| 129 | To power off, assuming you are logged in as `root` and the system is otherwise |
| 130 | inactive, use the `sync` command to flush any buffers to disk and then `halt` |
| 131 | to halt the system. On the simulated PDP-11 this drops us back to SIMH's |
| 132 | command prompt where we can exit the simulation. |
| 133 | |
| 134 | # sync; sync; halt |
| 135 | syncing disks... done |
| 136 | halting |
| 137 | |
| 138 | HALT instruction, PC: 000014 (MOV #1,10544) |
| 139 | sim> quit |
| 140 | Goodbye |
| 141 | |
| 142 | Note that you can also press `Ctrl-e` at any time and SIMH will halt the PDP-11 |
| 143 | simulation and drop to the `sim>` prompt where you can exit. However, doing |
| 144 | this is likely to corrupt a disk as it is equivalent to yanking the power cord |
| 145 | from the wall. To resume from the `sim>` prompt, simply type `go` and execution |
| 146 | will resume from where it left off.. |
| 147 | |
| 148 | |
| 149 | ## Ethernet ## |
| 150 | |
| 151 | The PDP-11/83 upon which this image normally resides includes a DEC DELQA-T |
| 152 | ethernet card and this 2.11BSD image is configured to use it. The driver should |
| 153 | work with any of the DEQNA, DELQA, or DELQA-T cards in a real PDP-11. |
| 154 | |
| 155 | SIMH can also emulate a network card, though it requires `libpcap` and some |
| 156 | manual configuration. Following these instructions will guide you through the |
| 157 | process: |
| 158 | |
| 159 | <http://www.retrocmp.com/how-tos/installing-211bsd-unix-on-pdp-1144/123-installing-211bsd-networking> |
| 160 | |
| 161 | ## Transfer Files ## |
| 162 | |
| 163 | The easiest way to transfer files to/from the running 2.11BSD instance is over |
| 164 | the network, via FTP. As discussed in the "Ethernet" section, the system is |
| 165 | preconfigured for network use if running on a real PDP-11 with compatible |
| 166 | network hardware or via emulation through SIMH. Simply login via FTP as a |
| 167 | normal user and `GET`/`PUT`/etc to transfer files. |
| 168 | |
| 169 | If networking is unavailable, output to the line printer or input/output via |
| 170 | the paper tape are also an option. The relevant options to enable that hardware |
| 171 | in SIMH are present but commented out in `simh.conf`. |
| 172 | |
| 173 | This image is also configured to expect a DLV11-J compatible quad serial port |
| 174 | card installed at the base of the relevant CSR space. These ports, if actually |
| 175 | present, can be used to transfer files using `kermit`, pre-included in this |
| 176 | 2.11BSD image. |