Added notes for increasing number of audio vchannels under FreeBSD.

[website_subgeniuskitty.com] / data / notes / freebsd_11.md

# Overview #

Installation notes for a FreeBSD 11 graphical workstation.


# X11 & Fluxbox #

Compile from ports:

    x11/xorg
      curl+libssh+smb
      gmp+assembly_opts
      mesa_libs+wayland
      webp+x11
      (xterm+xinerama)
    x11/nvidia-driver
    x11-wm/fluxbox

Add the following line to `/etc/rc.conf`, rebooting or using `kldload` before
attempting to start X.

    kld_list="nvidia-modeset"

Create the following configuration file at
`/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/driver-nvidia.conf`.

    Section "Device"
            Identifier "NVIDIA Card"
            VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
            Driver "nvidia"
    EndSection

Create `/home/ataylor/.xinitrc` to load Fluxbox and set
resolution/orientation/etc.

    xrandr --output HDMI-0 --mode 3840x2160 --pos 0x0 --output DVI-D-0 --rotate left --mode 2560x1600 --pos 3840x-150
    /usr/local/bin/fluxbox

After starting X, use the Fluxbox config menus to set:

* Focus model = mouse focus
* Auto-raise windows? = no
* Style = Meta

Overwrite `~/.fluxbox/keys` with my keys file:

    # click on the desktop to get menus
    OnDesktop Mouse1 :HideMenus
    OnDesktop Mouse2 :WorkspaceMenu
    OnDesktop Mouse3 :RootMenu
    
    # scroll on the desktop to change workspaces
    OnDesktop Mouse4 :PrevWorkspace
    OnDesktop Mouse5 :NextWorkspace
    
    # alt + left/right click to move/resize a window
    OnWindow Mod1 Mouse1 :MacroCmd {Raise} {Focus} {StartMoving}
    OnWindowBorder Move1 :StartMoving
    
    OnWindow Mod1 Mouse3 :MacroCmd {Raise} {Focus} {StartResizing NearestCorner}
    OnLeftGrip Move1 :StartResizing bottomleft
    OnRightGrip Move1 :StartResizing bottomright
    
    # control-click a window's titlebar and drag to attach windows
    OnTitlebar Control Mouse1 :StartTabbing
    
    # double click on the titlebar to shade
    OnTitlebar Double Mouse1 :Shade
    
    # left click on the titlebar to move the window
    OnTitlebar Mouse1 :MacroCmd {Raise} {Focus} {ActivateTab}
    OnTitlebar Move1  :StartMoving
    
    # middle click on the titlebar to lower
    OnTitlebar Mouse2 :Lower
    
    # right click on the titlebar for a menu of options
    OnTitlebar Mouse3 :WindowMenu
    
    # open a terminal
    Mod1 F1 :Exec xterm
    # open a dialog to run programs
    Mod1 F2 :Exec fbrun
    # Open file manager
    #Mod1 F3 :Exec spacefm
    # current window commands
    Mod1 F4 :Close
    
    # Take a screenshot
    111 :Exec /home/ataylor/bin/take_screenshot.sh
    
    # Start screensaver, lock screen
    110 :Exec xscreensaver-command -lock
    
    # Window sizing commands
    Control F1 :Minimize
    Control F2 :Shade
    Control F3 :Maximize
    Control F4 :Fullscreen
    
    Control F5 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1600 1250} {Moveto 0 0 UpperLeft}
    Control F6 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1600 1250} {Moveto 0 0 LowerLeft}
    
    Control F7 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1905 2160} {Moveto 0 0 UpperLeft}
    Control F8 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1905 2160} {Moveto 0 0 UpperRight}
    
    Control F9 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1920 1080} {Moveto 0 0 UpperLeft}
    Control F10 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1920 1080} {Moveto 0 0 UpperRight}
    Control F11 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1920 1080} {Moveto 0 0 LowerLeft}
    Control F12 :MacroCmd {ResizeTo 1920 1080} {Moveto 0 0 LowerRight}

Set the system clock by modifying `~/.fluxbox/init` to contain:

    session.screen0.strftimeFormat: %a, %b %d %H:%M:%S

# Ports - Misc #

To enable searching ports via `make search key=text-string`, execute the
following command.

    cd /usr/ports && make index

Some packages with auto-updating strings (like version number) fail checksum
tests.  Both `print/texinfo` and `security/trousers` are common examples. When
encountering a message about size mismatches during the fetch stage, perform
the following steps.

1. Download the source file manually with `wget`.
2. Use `make fetch-list` with `grep` to find out where the file should go.
   Should be somewhere under `/usr/ports/distfiles`.
3. Copy the file to the proper location.
4. In the folder of the port you are trying to build, run `make makesum` to
   update the checksum based on the currently present file.
5. Resume making the port as normal.

Compile and install the following ports:

    sysutils/screen
    ftp/wget
    editors/vim
      Set EDITOR=vim in ~/.profile
    www/firefox
      Build failing on ffmpeg dependency
        going into ffmpeg folder and building directly solved it.
      Also had to run (as root) dbus-uuidgen > /etc/machine-id
        Otherwise firefox coredumps with:
        "D-Bus library appears to be incorrectly set up; failed to read machine uuid: Failed to open "/etc/machine-id": No such file or directory"
    mail/mutt
      +sidebar
    www/links (start with links -g)
    sysutils/nitrogen
    net/samba46
      -ads,ad_dc,ldap
      mount_smbfs -I 192.168.1.5 //ataylor@talisker/zfs_stripe_0 /mnt/zfs_stripe_0
    graphics/geeqie
    multimedia/vlc
      +x264/x265 support
    sysutils/fusefs-exfat
      fuse_load="YES" -> /boot/loader.conf
      /dev/nvd0s3        /mnt/windows      exfat   rw,mountprog=/usr/local/sbin/mount.exfat      0       0   -> /etc/fstab
    devel/git
      git config --global user.name "Aaron Taylor"
      git config --global user.email "ataylor@subgeniuskitty.com"
    devel/sdl20
    graphics/ImageMagick-nox11
    graphics/sdl2_image
    net-p2p/deluge
    irc/irssi
    dns/bind-tools
    www/apache24
      apache24_enable="yes" -> rc.conf
      in httpd.conf set:
        ServerName
        ServerAdmin
        and uncomment the cgi (not cgid) module in the MPMPREFORK IFDEF
    net-mgmt/icmpmonitor
    emulators/simh
    emulators/virtualbox-ose
      Add "vboxdrv_load="YES"" to /boot/loader.conf
      pw groupmod vboxusers -m ataylor
      Add "vboxnet_enable="YES"" to /etc/rc.conf for bridging support
    multimedia/quodlibet
    devel/arm-none-eabi-gdb
    devel/valgrind
    devel/arm-none-eabi-gcc
    editors/libreoffice
    graphics/inkscape
    graphics/okular
    math/gnuplot
    editors/texmaker
    devel/openocd
      Enable USB for non-root users:
        pw groupmod operator -m ataylor
        setup the devfs subsystem by adding these lines to the following files:
          ***/etc/devfs.rules (FreeBSD >= 8):
                 [localrules=10]
                 add path 'ugen*' mode 0660 group operator
                 add path 'usb/*'  mode 0660 group operator
                 add path 'usb' mode 0770 group operator
          ***/etc/rc.conf:
                 devfs_system_ruleset="localrules"
    graphics/gimp
      -gutenprint (brings in samba-4.4 and conflicts with installed samba-4.6)
    x11-fm/qtfm
    x11-fm/twander
      TODO: Re-work ~/.twander for FreeBSD
    www/py-beautifulsoup
    www/py-requests
    www/py3-requests
    games/linux-dwarffortress
    games/openmw

# Mounting SMB/CIFS at Boot #

Add to `/etc/fstab`:

    //ataylor@TALISKER/zfs_mirror_0         /mnt/zfs_mirror_0       smbfs   rw,late,-N,-I192.168.1.5   0       0
    //ataylor@TALISKER/zfs_stripe_0         /mnt/zfs_stripe_0       smbfs   rw,late,-N,-I192.168.1.5   0       0

Set ownership to `ataylor:ataylor` on `/mnt/zfs_stripe_0 and /mnt/zfs_mirror_0`
since `mount_smbfs` uses default "owner and group IDs from the directory where
the volume is mounted." (from `mount_smbfs` manpage)

Add to `/etc/nsmbd.conf`
    [TALISKER:ATAYLOR]
    password=password-goes-here


# Firefox Configuration #

In `about:config`:

    browser.newtabpage.enabled = false
    general.useragent.override = NCSA Mosaic/1.0 (X11;SunOS 4.1.4 sun4m)
    gfx.canvas.azure.backends = cairo
    gfx.content.azure.backends = cairo
    gfx.canvas.azure.accelerated = true

Note that the `gfx.*` entries enable hardware acceleration since the Nvidia
drivers I am using support cairo but not skia, or is it that cairo supports my
video drivers and skia doesn't?

In preferences:

* Remember last session on startup
* Download files to `/home/ataylor/downloads`
* Check for updates but do not auto-install
* Default search -> DuckDuckGo
* Do not provide search suggestions
* Location Bar, disable all 'suggest' locations (History, Bookmarks, Open Tabs)

Install plugins:


* uBlock Origin
* NoScript
* Image Zoom
* Save Image in Folder
* Thumbnail Zoom Plus

Execute `touch ~/.null` and then create `~/.config/user-dirs.dirs` as below.

    XDG_DESKTOP_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_DOWNLOAD_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_TEMPLATES_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_PUBLICSHARE_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_DOCUMENTS_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_MUSIC_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_PICTURES_DIR="$HOME/.null"
    XDG_VIDEOS_DIR="$HOME/.null"

To make scrollbars move one-page-per-click rather than jumping to the cursor,
create the file `~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini` with contents:

    [Settings]
    gtk-primary-button-warps-slider=false


# Audio Configuration #

By default, FreeBSD only provides 16 virtual audio channels via `/dev/dsp`.
Since Firefox appears to open a new connection for each tab that plays audio
and does not release those connections as long as the tab remains open, I
sometimes encounter error messages like the following.

    mpv: can't open /dev/dsp!

To verify the problem, use `fstat` to confirm that too many connections exist.

    ataylor@lagavulin:~ % fstat | grep dsp
    ataylor  mpv        42458   27 /dev        215 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.15  w
    ataylor  mpv        36531   27 /dev        194 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.11  w
    ataylor  mpv        24332   25 /dev        204 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.13  w
    ataylor  firefox    61929   48 /dev        209 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.14  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   23 /dev        259 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.22  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   47 /dev        296 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.46  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   51 /dev        273 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.30  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   64 /dev        284 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.40  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   68 /dev        245 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.17  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   70 /dev        265 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.25  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   73 /dev        280 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.36  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   74 /dev        188 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.10  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   75 /dev        278 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.34  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   76 /dev        272 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.29  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   79 /dev        282 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.38  w
    ataylor  firefox    61718   80 /dev        293 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.43  w
    ataylor  firefox    61695   47 /dev        264 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.24  w
    ataylor  firefox    61695   48 /dev        279 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.35  w
    ataylor  firefox    61695   66 /dev        274 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.31  w
    ataylor  firefox    61695   69 /dev        292 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.42  w
    ataylor  firefox    61620   17 /dev        247 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.18  w
    ataylor  firefox    61620   72 /dev        291 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.41  w
    ataylor  firefox    61208   17 /dev        254 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.20  w
    ataylor  firefox    61208   18 /dev        275 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.32  w
    ataylor  firefox    61208   48 /dev        201 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.12  w
    ataylor  firefox    59654   45 /dev        276 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.33  w
    ataylor  firefox    59654   70 /dev        295 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.45  w
    ataylor  python2.7  82359   20 /dev        145 crw-rw-rw-  dsp0.16  w

Before proceeding, ensure that no processes have `/dev/dsp` open. IOW, the
above `fstat` list should be empty.

With nothing using the audio device, increase the number of virtual channels
with `sysctl`.

    root@lagavulin:~ % sysctl -a | grep vchans
    hw.snd.maxautovchans: 16
    dev.pcm.2.play.vchans: 1
    dev.pcm.1.play.vchans: 1
    dev.pcm.0.rec.vchans: 4
    dev.pcm.0.play.vchans: 16
    
    root@lagavulin:~ # sysctl dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=256
    dev.pcm.0.play.vchans: 16 -> 256
    
    root@lagavulin:~ # sysctl hw.snd.maxautovchans=256
    hw.snd.maxautovchans: 16 -> 256

Add the following two lines to `/etc/sysctl.conf` so the change persists.

    dev.pcm.0.play.vchans=256
    hw.snd.maxautovchans=256


# X11 Configuration #

In `~/.Xresources`:

    xterm*faceName: Liberaqtion Mono:size=12:antialias=true
    xterm*font: 7x13

In `~/.Xmodmap`:

    !
    ! Swap Caps_Lock and Control_L
    !
    remove Lock = Caps_Lock
    remove Control = Control_L
    keycode  9 = Caps_Lock NoSymbol Caps_Lock
    keycode 37 = Escape NoSymbol Escape      
    keycode 66 = Control_L NoSymbol Control_L
    add Lock = Caps_Lock
    add Control = Control_L

In `~/.xinitrc`:

    xrdb /home/ataylor/.Xresources
    xmodmap /home/ataylor/.Xmodmap


# FreeBSD Configuration #

Add to `/etc/sysctl.conf`:

    kern.corefile=/dev/null

# Screensaver/Screenlock #

Compile the `x11/xscreensaver` port and execute `xscreensaver-demo` to
configure the screensaver.

Add `xscreensaver -nosplash &` to `~/.xinitrc`.

Add a line like the one below to `~/.fluxbox/keys`.

    110 :Exec xscreensaver-command -lock


# Wallpaper Configuration #

Create `~/bin/wallpaper_rotation.sh` and add to `~/.xinitrc`.
Remember to make it executable.

    #!/usr/local/bin/python3
    # This script creates a wallpaper slideshow.
     
    ##### Configuration
     
    # List of image source directories
    # Each sublist is of the form:
    # [monitor ID, absolute path to directory containing images for this monitor]
    source_dir = [
                  [0,"/mnt/zfs_mirror_0/wallpaper/ratio_10_16"],
                  [1,"/mnt/zfs_mirror_0/wallpaper/ratio_16_9"]
                 ]
     
    # This list will be populated during runtime.
    # Each sublist is of the form:
    # [monitor ID, absolute path to image file to display on this monitor]
    current_wallpaper = [
                         [0,""],
                         [1,""]
                        ]
     
    # Path to nitrogen configuration file
    nitrogen_config = "/home/ataylor/.config/nitrogen/bg-saved.cfg"
     
    ##### Dependencies
     
    from subprocess import call
    from os import listdir
    from os.path import isfile, join
    from random import choice
    from time import sleep
     
    ##### Source Code
     
    def write_config():
            config_file = open(nitrogen_config, 'w')
            for monitor in current_wallpaper:
                    # Indenting the following triple-quoted text inserts leading whitespace in the
                    # nitrogen config file. However, nitrogen strips leading whitespace before
                    # processing its config file and the extra whitespace makes this Python script
                    # more readable.
                    template = """[xin_{monitor_n}]
                                  file={wallpaper_file}
                                  mode=0
                                  bgcolor=#000000
                               """
                    context = {
                               "monitor_n":monitor[0],
                               "wallpaper_file":monitor[1]
                              }
                    config_file.write(template.format(**context))
            config_file.close()
     
    def refresh_wallpaper():
            write_config()
            call(["/usr/local/bin/nitrogen", "--restore"])
     
    def get_rand_from_dir():
            file_choices = [x for x in listdir(source_dir[current_monitor][1]) if isfile(join(source_dir[current_monitor][1], x))]
            filename = choice(file_choices)
            filename = join(source_dir[current_monitor][1], filename)
            current_wallpaper[current_monitor][1] = filename
     
    # Put something up on all monitors
    for i in range(len(source_dir)):
            current_monitor = i
            get_rand_from_dir()
    refresh_wallpaper()
     
    # Eternal slideshow loop
    while 1:
            current_monitor = (current_monitor + 1) % len(source_dir)
            get_rand_from_dir()
            refresh_wallpaper()
            sleep(10)


# Vim Configuration #

Create `~/.vimrc` as follows.

    set nocompatible              " be iMproved, required
    filetype off                  " required
    
    set number
    syntax on
    set tabstop=4
    set expandtab
    "set background=dark
    "colorscheme solarized
    
    "Folding
    "http://vim.wikia.com/wiki/Folding_for_plain_text_files_based_on_indentation
    "set foldmethod=expr
    "set foldexpr=(getline(v:lnum)=~'^$')?-1:((indent(v:lnum)<indent(v:lnum+1))?('>'.indent(v:lnum+1)):indent(v:lnum))
    "set foldtext=getline(v:foldstart)
    "set fillchars=fold:\ "(there's a space after that \)
    "highlight Folded ctermfg=DarkGreen ctermbg=Black
    "set foldcolumn=6
    
    " Color the 100th column.
    set colorcolumn=100
    highlight ColorColumn ctermbg = lightgray


# Deluge Configuration #

Follow instructions at <https://whatbox.ca/wiki/deluge>. Add check boxes in Connection Manager:

* "Automatically connect to selected host on start-up"
* "Do not show this dialog on start-up".


# Personal Software #

Compile and install `wallproc`. Requires the following dependencies from ports:

    devel/sdl20
    graphics/ImageMagick-nox11
    graphics/sdl2_image


# Printer Configuration #

Create a spool directory:

    mkdir -p /var/spool/lpd/lp
    chown daemon:daemon /var/spool/lpd/lp
    chmod 770 /var/spool/lpd/lp

Add an entry to `/etc/printcap`.

    # HP LaserJet, M's Office
    lp:\
            :lp=:rm=192.168.1.252:rp=raw:\
            :sh:\
            :mx#0:\
            :sd=/var/spool/lpd/lp:\
            :lf=/var/log/lpd-errs:

Edit `/etc/rc.conf` to add the line `lpd_enable="YES"`.

Note that plaintext files print in stairstep. See the link below if I want to
fix this. Consider adding a smart filter to only apply this to text and pass PS
straight through.

<https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/printing-lpd.html#printing-lpd-filters-stairstep>

# TODO #

    After reboot:
      Setup virtualbox and verify CAD software runs
    Firefox:
      Menus/tabs/etc use AA fonts but websites don't. Why not?
        YES: wiki.archlinux.org
        NO: reddit
    https://forums.freebsd.org/threads/firefox-no-gpu-acceleration-since-50-0.59089/
    Check Debian & FreeBSD install notes from previous desktop systems
    Add lagavulin to tape backup schedule over network. Where to spool?
      sysutils/bacula-client


# temp notes from ports compiles #

===================================================================================================================

    Virtualbox USB Support
    USB Support:
    ============
    
    For USB support your user needs to be in the operator group and needs read
    and write permissions to the USB device.
    
    % pw groupmod operator -m jerry
    
    Add the following to /etc/devfs.rules (create if it doesn't exist):
    
    [system=10]
    add path 'usb/*' mode 0660 group operator
    
    To load these new rule add the following to /etc/rc.conf:
    
    devfs_system_ruleset="system"
    
    Then restart devfs to load the new rules:
    
    % /etc/rc.d/devfs restart

===================================================================================================================

    FreeBSD USB NOTE:
     To allow an ordinary user to acces any of the the hotplug USB interface
     add him/her to the operator group  (pw groupmod operator -m username), then
     setup the devfs subsystem by adding these lines to the following files:
    
     ***/etc/devfs.rules (FreeBSD >= 8):
     [localrules=10]
            add path 'ugen*' mode 0660 group operator
            add path 'usb/*'  mode 0660 group operator
            add path 'usb' mode 0770 group operator
    
     ***/etc/devfs.rules (FreeBSD <= 7):
     [localrules=10]
            add path 'ugen*' mode 0660 group operator
    
     ***/etc/rc.conf:
            devfs_system_ruleset="localrules"