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| 33 | .ds C+ C\v'-.1v'\h'-1p'\s-2+\h'-1p'+\s0\v'.1v'\h'-1p' |
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| 97 | . ds ^ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*10/11-\*(#H)'^\h'|\\n:u' |
| 98 | . ds , \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10)',\h'|\\n:u' |
| 99 | . ds ~ \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu-\*(#H-.1m)'~\h'|\\n:u' |
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| 103 | .ds : \\k:\h'-(\\n(.wu*8/10-\*(#H+.1m+\*(#F)'\v'-\*(#V'\z.\h'.2m+\*(#F'.\h'|\\n:u'\v'\*(#V' |
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| 115 | . \" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) |
| 116 | .if \n(.H>23 .if \n(.V>19 \ |
| 117 | \{\ |
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| 126 | . ds Ae AE |
| 127 | .\} |
| 128 | .rm #[ #] #H #V #F C |
| 129 | .\" ======================================================================== |
| 130 | .\" |
| 131 | .IX Title "POSIX 3" |
| 132 | .TH POSIX 3 "2002-06-01" "perl v5.8.0" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide" |
| 133 | .SH "NAME" |
| 134 | POSIX \- Perl interface to IEEE Std 1003.1 |
| 135 | .SH "SYNOPSIS" |
| 136 | .IX Header "SYNOPSIS" |
| 137 | .Vb 3 |
| 138 | \& use POSIX; |
| 139 | \& use POSIX qw(setsid); |
| 140 | \& use POSIX qw(:errno_h :fcntl_h); |
| 141 | .Ve |
| 142 | .PP |
| 143 | .Vb 1 |
| 144 | \& printf "EINTR is %d\en", EINTR; |
| 145 | .Ve |
| 146 | .PP |
| 147 | .Vb 1 |
| 148 | \& $sess_id = POSIX::setsid(); |
| 149 | .Ve |
| 150 | .PP |
| 151 | .Vb 2 |
| 152 | \& $fd = POSIX::open($path, O_CREAT|O_EXCL|O_WRONLY, 0644); |
| 153 | \& # note: that's a filedescriptor, *NOT* a filehandle |
| 154 | .Ve |
| 155 | .SH "DESCRIPTION" |
| 156 | .IX Header "DESCRIPTION" |
| 157 | The \s-1POSIX\s0 module permits you to access all (or nearly all) the standard |
| 158 | \&\s-1POSIX\s0 1003.1 identifiers. Many of these identifiers have been given Perl-ish |
| 159 | interfaces. Things which are \f(CW\*(C`#defines\*(C'\fR in C, like \s-1EINTR\s0 or O_NDELAY, are |
| 160 | automatically exported into your namespace. All functions are only exported |
| 161 | if you ask for them explicitly. Most likely people will prefer to use the |
| 162 | fully-qualified function names. |
| 163 | .PP |
| 164 | This document gives a condensed list of the features available in the \s-1POSIX\s0 |
| 165 | module. Consult your operating system's manpages for general information on |
| 166 | most features. Consult perlfunc for functions which are noted as being |
| 167 | identical to Perl's builtin functions. |
| 168 | .PP |
| 169 | The first section describes \s-1POSIX\s0 functions from the 1003.1 specification. |
| 170 | The second section describes some classes for signal objects, \s-1TTY\s0 objects, |
| 171 | and other miscellaneous objects. The remaining sections list various |
| 172 | constants and macros in an organization which roughly follows \s-1IEEE\s0 Std |
| 173 | 1003.1b\-1993. |
| 174 | .SH "NOTE" |
| 175 | .IX Header "NOTE" |
| 176 | The \s-1POSIX\s0 module is probably the most complex Perl module supplied with |
| 177 | the standard distribution. It incorporates autoloading, namespace games, |
| 178 | and dynamic loading of code that's in Perl, C, or both. It's a great |
| 179 | source of wisdom. |
| 180 | .SH "CAVEATS" |
| 181 | .IX Header "CAVEATS" |
| 182 | A few functions are not implemented because they are C specific. If you |
| 183 | attempt to call these, they will print a message telling you that they |
| 184 | aren't implemented, and suggest using the Perl equivalent should one |
| 185 | exist. For example, trying to access the \fIsetjmp()\fR call will elicit the |
| 186 | message \*(L"\fIsetjmp()\fR is C\-specific: use eval {} instead\*(R". |
| 187 | .PP |
| 188 | Furthermore, some evil vendors will claim 1003.1 compliance, but in fact |
| 189 | are not so: they will not pass the \s-1PCTS\s0 (\s-1POSIX\s0 Compliance Test Suites). |
| 190 | For example, one vendor may not define \s-1EDEADLK\s0, or the semantics of the |
| 191 | errno values set by \fIopen\fR\|(2) might not be quite right. Perl does not |
| 192 | attempt to verify \s-1POSIX\s0 compliance. That means you can currently |
| 193 | successfully say \*(L"use \s-1POSIX\s0\*(R", and then later in your program you find |
| 194 | that your vendor has been lax and there's no usable \s-1ICANON\s0 macro after |
| 195 | all. This could be construed to be a bug. |
| 196 | .SH "FUNCTIONS" |
| 197 | .IX Header "FUNCTIONS" |
| 198 | .IP "_exit" 8 |
| 199 | .IX Item "_exit" |
| 200 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`_exit()\*(C'\fR. It exits the program |
| 201 | immediately which means among other things buffered I/O is \fBnot\fR flushed. |
| 202 | .IP "abort" 8 |
| 203 | .IX Item "abort" |
| 204 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`abort()\*(C'\fR. It terminates the |
| 205 | process with a \f(CW\*(C`SIGABRT\*(C'\fR signal unless caught by a signal handler or |
| 206 | if the handler does not return normally (it e.g. does a \f(CW\*(C`longjmp\*(C'\fR). |
| 207 | .IP "abs" 8 |
| 208 | .IX Item "abs" |
| 209 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`abs()\*(C'\fR function, returning |
| 210 | the absolute value of its numerical argument. |
| 211 | .IP "access" 8 |
| 212 | .IX Item "access" |
| 213 | Determines the accessibility of a file. |
| 214 | .Sp |
| 215 | .Vb 3 |
| 216 | \& if( POSIX::access( "/", &POSIX::R_OK ) ){ |
| 217 | \& print "have read permission\en"; |
| 218 | \& } |
| 219 | .Ve |
| 220 | .Sp |
| 221 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. Note: do not use \f(CW\*(C`access()\*(C'\fR for |
| 222 | security purposes. Between the \f(CW\*(C`access()\*(C'\fR call and the operation |
| 223 | you are preparing for the permissions might change: a classic |
| 224 | \&\fIrace condition\fR. |
| 225 | .IP "acos" 8 |
| 226 | .IX Item "acos" |
| 227 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`acos()\*(C'\fR, returning |
| 228 | the arcus cosine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 229 | .IP "alarm" 8 |
| 230 | .IX Item "alarm" |
| 231 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`alarm()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 232 | either for arming or disarming the \f(CW\*(C`SIGARLM\*(C'\fR timer. |
| 233 | .IP "asctime" 8 |
| 234 | .IX Item "asctime" |
| 235 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`asctime()\*(C'\fR. It returns |
| 236 | a string of the form |
| 237 | .Sp |
| 238 | .Vb 1 |
| 239 | \& "Fri Jun 2 18:22:13 2000\en\e0" |
| 240 | .Ve |
| 241 | .Sp |
| 242 | and it is called thusly |
| 243 | .Sp |
| 244 | .Vb 2 |
| 245 | \& $asctime = asctime($sec, $min, $hour, $mday, $mon, $year, |
| 246 | \& $wday, $yday, $isdst); |
| 247 | .Ve |
| 248 | .Sp |
| 249 | The \f(CW$mon\fR is zero\-based: January equals \f(CW0\fR. The \f(CW$year\fR is |
| 250 | 1900\-based: 2001 equals \f(CW101\fR. The \f(CW$wday\fR, \f(CW$yday\fR, and \f(CW$isdst\fR |
| 251 | default to zero (and the first two are usually ignored anyway). |
| 252 | .IP "asin" 8 |
| 253 | .IX Item "asin" |
| 254 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`asin()\*(C'\fR, returning |
| 255 | the arcus sine of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 256 | .IP "assert" 8 |
| 257 | .IX Item "assert" |
| 258 | Unimplemented, but you can use \*(L"die\*(R" in perlfunc and the Carp module |
| 259 | to achieve similar things. |
| 260 | .IP "atan" 8 |
| 261 | .IX Item "atan" |
| 262 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`atan()\*(C'\fR, returning the |
| 263 | arcus tangent of its numerical argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 264 | .IP "atan2" 8 |
| 265 | .IX Item "atan2" |
| 266 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`atan2()\*(C'\fR function, returning |
| 267 | the arcus tangent defined by its two numerical arguments, the \fIy\fR |
| 268 | coordinate and the \fIx\fR coordinate. See also Math::Trig. |
| 269 | .IP "atexit" 8 |
| 270 | .IX Item "atexit" |
| 271 | \&\fIatexit()\fR is C\-specific: use \f(CW\*(C`END {}\*(C'\fR instead, see perlsub. |
| 272 | .IP "atof" 8 |
| 273 | .IX Item "atof" |
| 274 | \&\fIatof()\fR is C\-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. |
| 275 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. |
| 276 | .IP "atoi" 8 |
| 277 | .IX Item "atoi" |
| 278 | \&\fIatoi()\fR is C\-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. |
| 279 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. |
| 280 | If you need to have just the integer part, see \*(L"int\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 281 | .IP "atol" 8 |
| 282 | .IX Item "atol" |
| 283 | \&\fIatol()\fR is C\-specific. Perl converts strings to numbers transparently. |
| 284 | If you need to force a scalar to a number, add a zero to it. |
| 285 | If you need to have just the integer part, see \*(L"int\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 286 | .IP "bsearch" 8 |
| 287 | .IX Item "bsearch" |
| 288 | \&\fIbsearch()\fR not supplied. For doing binary search on wordlists, |
| 289 | see Search::Dict. |
| 290 | .IP "calloc" 8 |
| 291 | .IX Item "calloc" |
| 292 | \&\fIcalloc()\fR is C\-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. |
| 293 | .IP "ceil" 8 |
| 294 | .IX Item "ceil" |
| 295 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`ceil()\*(C'\fR, returning the smallest |
| 296 | integer value greater than or equal to the given numerical argument. |
| 297 | .IP "chdir" 8 |
| 298 | .IX Item "chdir" |
| 299 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`chdir()\*(C'\fR function, allowing |
| 300 | one to change the working (default) directory, see \*(L"chdir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 301 | .IP "chmod" 8 |
| 302 | .IX Item "chmod" |
| 303 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`chmod()\*(C'\fR function, allowing |
| 304 | one to change file and directory permissions, see \*(L"chmod\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 305 | .IP "chown" 8 |
| 306 | .IX Item "chown" |
| 307 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`chown()\*(C'\fR function, allowing one |
| 308 | to change file and directory owners and groups, see \*(L"chown\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 309 | .IP "clearerr" 8 |
| 310 | .IX Item "clearerr" |
| 311 | Use the method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::clearerr()\*(C'\fR instead, to reset the error |
| 312 | state (if any) and \s-1EOF\s0 state (if any) of the given stream. |
| 313 | .IP "clock" 8 |
| 314 | .IX Item "clock" |
| 315 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`clock()\*(C'\fR, returning the |
| 316 | amount of spent processor time in microseconds. |
| 317 | .IP "close" 8 |
| 318 | .IX Item "close" |
| 319 | Close the file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling |
| 320 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 321 | .Sp |
| 322 | .Vb 2 |
| 323 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); |
| 324 | \& POSIX::close( $fd ); |
| 325 | .Ve |
| 326 | .Sp |
| 327 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 328 | .Sp |
| 329 | See also \*(L"close\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 330 | .IP "closedir" 8 |
| 331 | .IX Item "closedir" |
| 332 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`closedir()\*(C'\fR function for closing |
| 333 | a directory handle, see \*(L"closedir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 334 | .IP "cos" 8 |
| 335 | .IX Item "cos" |
| 336 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`cos()\*(C'\fR function, for returning |
| 337 | the cosine of its numerical argument, see \*(L"cos\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 338 | See also Math::Trig. |
| 339 | .IP "cosh" 8 |
| 340 | .IX Item "cosh" |
| 341 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`cosh()\*(C'\fR, for returning |
| 342 | the hyperbolic cosine of its numeric argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 343 | .IP "creat" 8 |
| 344 | .IX Item "creat" |
| 345 | Create a new file. This returns a file descriptor like the ones returned by |
| 346 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. Use \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::close\*(C'\fR to close the file. |
| 347 | .Sp |
| 348 | .Vb 2 |
| 349 | \& $fd = POSIX::creat( "foo", 0611 ); |
| 350 | \& POSIX::close( $fd ); |
| 351 | .Ve |
| 352 | .Sp |
| 353 | See also \*(L"sysopen\*(R" in perlfunc and its \f(CW\*(C`O_CREAT\*(C'\fR flag. |
| 354 | .IP "ctermid" 8 |
| 355 | .IX Item "ctermid" |
| 356 | Generates the path name for the controlling terminal. |
| 357 | .Sp |
| 358 | .Vb 1 |
| 359 | \& $path = POSIX::ctermid(); |
| 360 | .Ve |
| 361 | .IP "ctime" 8 |
| 362 | .IX Item "ctime" |
| 363 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`ctime()\*(C'\fR and equivalent |
| 364 | to \f(CW\*(C`asctime(localtime(...))\*(C'\fR, see \*(L"asctime\*(R" and \*(L"localtime\*(R". |
| 365 | .IP "cuserid" 8 |
| 366 | .IX Item "cuserid" |
| 367 | Get the login name of the owner of the current process. |
| 368 | .Sp |
| 369 | .Vb 1 |
| 370 | \& $name = POSIX::cuserid(); |
| 371 | .Ve |
| 372 | .IP "difftime" 8 |
| 373 | .IX Item "difftime" |
| 374 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`difftime()\*(C'\fR, for returning |
| 375 | the time difference (in seconds) between two times (as returned |
| 376 | by \f(CW\*(C`time()\*(C'\fR), see \*(L"time\*(R". |
| 377 | .IP "div" 8 |
| 378 | .IX Item "div" |
| 379 | \&\fIdiv()\fR is C\-specific, use \*(L"int\*(R" in perlfunc on the usual \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR division and |
| 380 | the modulus \f(CW\*(C`%\*(C'\fR. |
| 381 | .IP "dup" 8 |
| 382 | .IX Item "dup" |
| 383 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`dup()\*(C'\fR, for duplicating a file |
| 384 | descriptor. |
| 385 | .Sp |
| 386 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling |
| 387 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 388 | .Sp |
| 389 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 390 | .IP "dup2" 8 |
| 391 | .IX Item "dup2" |
| 392 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`dup2()\*(C'\fR, for duplicating a file |
| 393 | descriptor to an another known file descriptor. |
| 394 | .Sp |
| 395 | This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling |
| 396 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 397 | .Sp |
| 398 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 399 | .IP "errno" 8 |
| 400 | .IX Item "errno" |
| 401 | Returns the value of errno. |
| 402 | .Sp |
| 403 | .Vb 1 |
| 404 | \& $errno = POSIX::errno(); |
| 405 | .Ve |
| 406 | .Sp |
| 407 | This identical to the numerical values of the \f(CW$!\fR, see \*(L"$ERRNO\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 408 | .IP "execl" 8 |
| 409 | .IX Item "execl" |
| 410 | \&\fIexecl()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 411 | .IP "execle" 8 |
| 412 | .IX Item "execle" |
| 413 | \&\fIexecle()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 414 | .IP "execlp" 8 |
| 415 | .IX Item "execlp" |
| 416 | \&\fIexeclp()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 417 | .IP "execv" 8 |
| 418 | .IX Item "execv" |
| 419 | \&\fIexecv()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 420 | .IP "execve" 8 |
| 421 | .IX Item "execve" |
| 422 | \&\fIexecve()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 423 | .IP "execvp" 8 |
| 424 | .IX Item "execvp" |
| 425 | \&\fIexecvp()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"exec\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 426 | .IP "exit" 8 |
| 427 | .IX Item "exit" |
| 428 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`exit()\*(C'\fR function for exiting the |
| 429 | program, see \*(L"exit\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 430 | .IP "exp" 8 |
| 431 | .IX Item "exp" |
| 432 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`exp()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 433 | returning the exponent (\fIe\fR\-based) of the numerical argument, |
| 434 | see \*(L"exp\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 435 | .IP "fabs" 8 |
| 436 | .IX Item "fabs" |
| 437 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`abs()\*(C'\fR function for returning |
| 438 | the absolute value of the numerical argument, see \*(L"abs\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 439 | .IP "fclose" 8 |
| 440 | .IX Item "fclose" |
| 441 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::close()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"close\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 442 | .IP "fcntl" 8 |
| 443 | .IX Item "fcntl" |
| 444 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`fcntl()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 445 | see \*(L"fcntl\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 446 | .IP "fdopen" 8 |
| 447 | .IX Item "fdopen" |
| 448 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::new_from_fd()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 449 | .IP "feof" 8 |
| 450 | .IX Item "feof" |
| 451 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::eof()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"eof\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 452 | .IP "ferror" 8 |
| 453 | .IX Item "ferror" |
| 454 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::error()\*(C'\fR instead. |
| 455 | .IP "fflush" 8 |
| 456 | .IX Item "fflush" |
| 457 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::flush()\*(C'\fR instead. |
| 458 | See also \*(L"$OUTPUT_AUTOFLUSH\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 459 | .IP "fgetc" 8 |
| 460 | .IX Item "fgetc" |
| 461 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::getc()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"read\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 462 | .IP "fgetpos" 8 |
| 463 | .IX Item "fgetpos" |
| 464 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Seekable::getpos()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"seek\*(R" in L. |
| 465 | .IP "fgets" 8 |
| 466 | .IX Item "fgets" |
| 467 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::gets()\*(C'\fR instead. Similar to <>, also known |
| 468 | as \*(L"readline\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 469 | .IP "fileno" 8 |
| 470 | .IX Item "fileno" |
| 471 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::fileno()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"fileno\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 472 | .IP "floor" 8 |
| 473 | .IX Item "floor" |
| 474 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`floor()\*(C'\fR, returning the largest |
| 475 | integer value less than or equal to the numerical argument. |
| 476 | .IP "fmod" 8 |
| 477 | .IX Item "fmod" |
| 478 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`fmod()\*(C'\fR. |
| 479 | .Sp |
| 480 | .Vb 1 |
| 481 | \& $r = fmod($x, $y); |
| 482 | .Ve |
| 483 | .Sp |
| 484 | It returns the remainder \f(CW\*(C`$r = $x \- $n*$y\*(C'\fR, where \f(CW\*(C`$n = trunc($x/$y)\*(C'\fR. |
| 485 | The \f(CW$r\fR has the same sign as \f(CW$x\fR and magnitude (absolute value) |
| 486 | less than the magnitude of \f(CW$y\fR. |
| 487 | .IP "fopen" 8 |
| 488 | .IX Item "fopen" |
| 489 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::File::open()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 490 | .IP "fork" 8 |
| 491 | .IX Item "fork" |
| 492 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`fork()\*(C'\fR function |
| 493 | for duplicating the current process, see \*(L"fork\*(R" in perlfunc |
| 494 | and perlfork if you are in Windows. |
| 495 | .IP "fpathconf" 8 |
| 496 | .IX Item "fpathconf" |
| 497 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. This |
| 498 | uses file descriptors such as those obtained by calling \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 499 | .Sp |
| 500 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable |
| 501 | pathname on the filesystem which holds \f(CW\*(C`/tmp/foo\*(C'\fR. |
| 502 | .Sp |
| 503 | .Vb 2 |
| 504 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "/tmp/foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); |
| 505 | \& $path_max = POSIX::fpathconf( $fd, &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); |
| 506 | .Ve |
| 507 | .Sp |
| 508 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 509 | .IP "fprintf" 8 |
| 510 | .IX Item "fprintf" |
| 511 | \&\fIfprintf()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"printf\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 512 | .IP "fputc" 8 |
| 513 | .IX Item "fputc" |
| 514 | \&\fIfputc()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 515 | .IP "fputs" 8 |
| 516 | .IX Item "fputs" |
| 517 | \&\fIfputs()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 518 | .IP "fread" 8 |
| 519 | .IX Item "fread" |
| 520 | \&\fIfread()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"read\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 521 | .IP "free" 8 |
| 522 | .IX Item "free" |
| 523 | \&\fIfree()\fR is C\-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. |
| 524 | .IP "freopen" 8 |
| 525 | .IX Item "freopen" |
| 526 | \&\fIfreopen()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"open\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 527 | .IP "frexp" 8 |
| 528 | .IX Item "frexp" |
| 529 | Return the mantissa and exponent of a floating-point number. |
| 530 | .Sp |
| 531 | .Vb 1 |
| 532 | \& ($mantissa, $exponent) = POSIX::frexp( 1.234e56 ); |
| 533 | .Ve |
| 534 | .IP "fscanf" 8 |
| 535 | .IX Item "fscanf" |
| 536 | \&\fIfscanf()\fR is C\-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead. |
| 537 | .IP "fseek" 8 |
| 538 | .IX Item "fseek" |
| 539 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Seekable::seek()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"seek\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 540 | .IP "fsetpos" 8 |
| 541 | .IX Item "fsetpos" |
| 542 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Seekable::setpos()\*(C'\fR instead, or seek \*(L"seek\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 543 | .IP "fstat" 8 |
| 544 | .IX Item "fstat" |
| 545 | Get file status. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by |
| 546 | calling \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. The data returned is identical to the data from |
| 547 | Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`stat\*(C'\fR function. |
| 548 | .Sp |
| 549 | .Vb 2 |
| 550 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); |
| 551 | \& @stats = POSIX::fstat( $fd ); |
| 552 | .Ve |
| 553 | .IP "ftell" 8 |
| 554 | .IX Item "ftell" |
| 555 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Seekable::tell()\*(C'\fR instead, or see \*(L"tell\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 556 | .IP "fwrite" 8 |
| 557 | .IX Item "fwrite" |
| 558 | \&\fIfwrite()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 559 | .IP "getc" 8 |
| 560 | .IX Item "getc" |
| 561 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getc()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 562 | see \*(L"getc\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 563 | .IP "getchar" 8 |
| 564 | .IX Item "getchar" |
| 565 | Returns one character from \s-1STDIN\s0. Identical to Perl's \f(CW\*(C`getc()\*(C'\fR, |
| 566 | see \*(L"getc\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 567 | .IP "getcwd" 8 |
| 568 | .IX Item "getcwd" |
| 569 | Returns the name of the current working directory. |
| 570 | See also Cwd. |
| 571 | .IP "getegid" 8 |
| 572 | .IX Item "getegid" |
| 573 | Returns the effective group identifier. Similar to Perl' s builtin |
| 574 | variable \f(CW$(\fR, see \*(L"$EGID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 575 | .IP "getenv" 8 |
| 576 | .IX Item "getenv" |
| 577 | Returns the value of the specified enironment variable. |
| 578 | The same information is available through the \f(CW%ENV\fR array. |
| 579 | .IP "geteuid" 8 |
| 580 | .IX Item "geteuid" |
| 581 | Returns the effective user identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW$>\fR |
| 582 | variable, see \*(L"$EUID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 583 | .IP "getgid" 8 |
| 584 | .IX Item "getgid" |
| 585 | Returns the user's real group identifier. Similar to Perl's builtin |
| 586 | variable \f(CW$)\fR, see \*(L"$GID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 587 | .IP "getgrgid" 8 |
| 588 | .IX Item "getgrgid" |
| 589 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getgrgid()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 590 | returning group entries by group identifiers, see |
| 591 | \&\*(L"getgrgid\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 592 | .IP "getgrnam" 8 |
| 593 | .IX Item "getgrnam" |
| 594 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getgrnam()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 595 | returning group entries by group names, see \*(L"getgrnam\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 596 | .IP "getgroups" 8 |
| 597 | .IX Item "getgroups" |
| 598 | Returns the ids of the user's supplementary groups. Similar to Perl's |
| 599 | builtin variable \f(CW$)\fR, see \*(L"$GID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 600 | .IP "getlogin" 8 |
| 601 | .IX Item "getlogin" |
| 602 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getlogin()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 603 | returning the user name associated with the current session, see |
| 604 | \&\*(L"getlogin\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 605 | .IP "getpgrp" 8 |
| 606 | .IX Item "getpgrp" |
| 607 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getpgrp()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 608 | returning the prcess group identifier of the current process, see |
| 609 | \&\*(L"getpgrp\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 610 | .IP "getpid" 8 |
| 611 | .IX Item "getpid" |
| 612 | Returns the process identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin |
| 613 | variable \f(CW$$\fR, see \*(L"$PID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 614 | .IP "getppid" 8 |
| 615 | .IX Item "getppid" |
| 616 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getppid()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 617 | returning the process identifier of the parent process of the current |
| 618 | process , see \*(L"getppid\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 619 | .IP "getpwnam" 8 |
| 620 | .IX Item "getpwnam" |
| 621 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getpwnam()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 622 | returning user entries by user names, see \*(L"getpwnam\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 623 | .IP "getpwuid" 8 |
| 624 | .IX Item "getpwuid" |
| 625 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`getpwuid()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 626 | returning user entries by user identifiers, see \*(L"getpwuid\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 627 | .IP "gets" 8 |
| 628 | .IX Item "gets" |
| 629 | Returns one line from \f(CW\*(C`STDIN\*(C'\fR, similar to <>, also known |
| 630 | as the \f(CW\*(C`readline()\*(C'\fR function, see \*(L"readline\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 631 | .Sp |
| 632 | \&\fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR: if you have C programs that still use \f(CW\*(C`gets()\*(C'\fR, be very |
| 633 | afraid. The \f(CW\*(C`gets()\*(C'\fR function is a source of endless grief because |
| 634 | it has no buffer overrun checks. It should \fBnever\fR be used. The |
| 635 | \&\f(CW\*(C`fgets()\*(C'\fR function should be preferred instead. |
| 636 | .IP "getuid" 8 |
| 637 | .IX Item "getuid" |
| 638 | Returns the user's identifier. Identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW$<\fR variable, |
| 639 | see \*(L"$UID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 640 | .IP "gmtime" 8 |
| 641 | .IX Item "gmtime" |
| 642 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`gmtime()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 643 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date in Greenwich Mean Time, |
| 644 | see \*(L"gmtime\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 645 | .IP "isalnum" 8 |
| 646 | .IX Item "isalnum" |
| 647 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 648 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 649 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:alnum:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead, or possibly the \f(CW\*(C`/\ew/\*(C'\fR construct. |
| 650 | .IP "isalpha" 8 |
| 651 | .IX Item "isalpha" |
| 652 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 653 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 654 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:alpha:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. |
| 655 | .IP "isatty" 8 |
| 656 | .IX Item "isatty" |
| 657 | Returns a boolean indicating whether the specified filehandle is connected |
| 658 | to a tty. Similar to the \f(CW\*(C`\-t\*(C'\fR operator, see \*(L"\-X\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 659 | .IP "iscntrl" 8 |
| 660 | .IX Item "iscntrl" |
| 661 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 662 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 663 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:cntrl:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. |
| 664 | .IP "isdigit" 8 |
| 665 | .IX Item "isdigit" |
| 666 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 667 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 668 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:digit:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead, or the \f(CW\*(C`/\ed/\*(C'\fR construct. |
| 669 | .IP "isgraph" 8 |
| 670 | .IX Item "isgraph" |
| 671 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 672 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 673 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:graph:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. |
| 674 | .IP "islower" 8 |
| 675 | .IX Item "islower" |
| 676 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 677 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 678 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:lower:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. Do \fBnot\fR use \f(CW\*(C`/[a\-z]/\*(C'\fR. |
| 679 | .IP "isprint" 8 |
| 680 | .IX Item "isprint" |
| 681 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 682 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 683 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:print:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. |
| 684 | .IP "ispunct" 8 |
| 685 | .IX Item "ispunct" |
| 686 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 687 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 688 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:punct:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. |
| 689 | .IP "isspace" 8 |
| 690 | .IX Item "isspace" |
| 691 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 692 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 693 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:space:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead, or the \f(CW\*(C`/\es/\*(C'\fR construct. |
| 694 | (Note that \f(CW\*(C`/\es/\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`/[[:space:]]/\*(C'\fR are slightly different in that |
| 695 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:space:]]/\*(C'\fR can normally match a vertical tab, while \f(CW\*(C`/\es/\*(C'\fR does |
| 696 | not.) |
| 697 | .IP "isupper" 8 |
| 698 | .IX Item "isupper" |
| 699 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 700 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 701 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:upper:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead. Do \fBnot\fR use \f(CW\*(C`/[A\-Z]/\*(C'\fR. |
| 702 | .IP "isxdigit" 8 |
| 703 | .IX Item "isxdigit" |
| 704 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 705 | character or to a whole string. Consider using regular expressions and the |
| 706 | \&\f(CW\*(C`/[[:xdigit:]]/\*(C'\fR construct instead, or simply \f(CW\*(C`/[0\-9a\-f]/i\*(C'\fR. |
| 707 | .IP "kill" 8 |
| 708 | .IX Item "kill" |
| 709 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`kill()\*(C'\fR function for sending |
| 710 | signals to processes (often to terminate them), see \*(L"kill\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 711 | .IP "labs" 8 |
| 712 | .IX Item "labs" |
| 713 | (For returning absolute values of long integers.) |
| 714 | \&\fIlabs()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"abs\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 715 | .IP "ldexp" 8 |
| 716 | .IX Item "ldexp" |
| 717 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`ldexp()\*(C'\fR |
| 718 | for multiplying floating point numbers with powers of two. |
| 719 | .Sp |
| 720 | .Vb 1 |
| 721 | \& $x_quadrupled = POSIX::ldexp($x, 2); |
| 722 | .Ve |
| 723 | .IP "ldiv" 8 |
| 724 | .IX Item "ldiv" |
| 725 | (For computing dividends of long integers.) |
| 726 | \&\fIldiv()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`/\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`int()\*(C'\fR instead. |
| 727 | .IP "link" 8 |
| 728 | .IX Item "link" |
| 729 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`link()\*(C'\fR function |
| 730 | for creating hard links into files, see \*(L"link\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 731 | .IP "localeconv" 8 |
| 732 | .IX Item "localeconv" |
| 733 | Get numeric formatting information. Returns a reference to a hash |
| 734 | containing the current locale formatting values. |
| 735 | .Sp |
| 736 | Here is how to query the database for the \fBde\fR (Deutsch or German) locale. |
| 737 | .Sp |
| 738 | .Vb 21 |
| 739 | \& $loc = POSIX::setlocale( &POSIX::LC_ALL, "de" ); |
| 740 | \& print "Locale = $loc\en"; |
| 741 | \& $lconv = POSIX::localeconv(); |
| 742 | \& print "decimal_point = ", $lconv->{decimal_point}, "\en"; |
| 743 | \& print "thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{thousands_sep}, "\en"; |
| 744 | \& print "grouping = ", $lconv->{grouping}, "\en"; |
| 745 | \& print "int_curr_symbol = ", $lconv->{int_curr_symbol}, "\en"; |
| 746 | \& print "currency_symbol = ", $lconv->{currency_symbol}, "\en"; |
| 747 | \& print "mon_decimal_point = ", $lconv->{mon_decimal_point}, "\en"; |
| 748 | \& print "mon_thousands_sep = ", $lconv->{mon_thousands_sep}, "\en"; |
| 749 | \& print "mon_grouping = ", $lconv->{mon_grouping}, "\en"; |
| 750 | \& print "positive_sign = ", $lconv->{positive_sign}, "\en"; |
| 751 | \& print "negative_sign = ", $lconv->{negative_sign}, "\en"; |
| 752 | \& print "int_frac_digits = ", $lconv->{int_frac_digits}, "\en"; |
| 753 | \& print "frac_digits = ", $lconv->{frac_digits}, "\en"; |
| 754 | \& print "p_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{p_cs_precedes}, "\en"; |
| 755 | \& print "p_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{p_sep_by_space}, "\en"; |
| 756 | \& print "n_cs_precedes = ", $lconv->{n_cs_precedes}, "\en"; |
| 757 | \& print "n_sep_by_space = ", $lconv->{n_sep_by_space}, "\en"; |
| 758 | \& print "p_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{p_sign_posn}, "\en"; |
| 759 | \& print "n_sign_posn = ", $lconv->{n_sign_posn}, "\en"; |
| 760 | .Ve |
| 761 | .IP "localtime" 8 |
| 762 | .IX Item "localtime" |
| 763 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`localtime()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 764 | converting seconds since the epoch to a date see \*(L"localtime\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 765 | .IP "log" 8 |
| 766 | .IX Item "log" |
| 767 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`log()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 768 | returning the natural (\fIe\fR\-based) logarithm of the numerical argument, |
| 769 | see \*(L"log\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 770 | .IP "log10" 8 |
| 771 | .IX Item "log10" |
| 772 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`log10()\*(C'\fR, |
| 773 | returning the 10\-base logarithm of the numerical argument. |
| 774 | You can also use |
| 775 | .Sp |
| 776 | .Vb 1 |
| 777 | \& sub log10 { log($_[0]) / log(10) } |
| 778 | .Ve |
| 779 | .Sp |
| 780 | or |
| 781 | .Sp |
| 782 | .Vb 1 |
| 783 | \& sub log10 { log($_[0]) / 2.30258509299405 } |
| 784 | .Ve |
| 785 | .Sp |
| 786 | or |
| 787 | .Sp |
| 788 | .Vb 1 |
| 789 | \& sub log10 { log($_[0]) * 0.434294481903252 } |
| 790 | .Ve |
| 791 | .IP "longjmp" 8 |
| 792 | .IX Item "longjmp" |
| 793 | \&\fIlongjmp()\fR is C\-specific: use \*(L"die\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 794 | .IP "lseek" 8 |
| 795 | .IX Item "lseek" |
| 796 | Move the file's read/write position. This uses file descriptors such as |
| 797 | those obtained by calling \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 798 | .Sp |
| 799 | .Vb 2 |
| 800 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); |
| 801 | \& $off_t = POSIX::lseek( $fd, 0, &POSIX::SEEK_SET ); |
| 802 | .Ve |
| 803 | .Sp |
| 804 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 805 | .IP "malloc" 8 |
| 806 | .IX Item "malloc" |
| 807 | \&\fImalloc()\fR is C\-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. |
| 808 | .IP "mblen" 8 |
| 809 | .IX Item "mblen" |
| 810 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`mblen()\*(C'\fR. |
| 811 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte |
| 812 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather |
| 813 | useless function. |
| 814 | .IP "mbstowcs" 8 |
| 815 | .IX Item "mbstowcs" |
| 816 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`mbstowcs()\*(C'\fR. |
| 817 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte |
| 818 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather |
| 819 | useless function. |
| 820 | .IP "mbtowc" 8 |
| 821 | .IX Item "mbtowc" |
| 822 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`mbtowc()\*(C'\fR. |
| 823 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte |
| 824 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather |
| 825 | useless function. |
| 826 | .IP "memchr" 8 |
| 827 | .IX Item "memchr" |
| 828 | \&\fImemchr()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"index\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 829 | .IP "memcmp" 8 |
| 830 | .IX Item "memcmp" |
| 831 | \&\fImemcmp()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`eq\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 832 | .IP "memcpy" 8 |
| 833 | .IX Item "memcpy" |
| 834 | \&\fImemcpy()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, see perlop, or see \*(L"substr\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 835 | .IP "memmove" 8 |
| 836 | .IX Item "memmove" |
| 837 | \&\fImemmove()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR, see perlop, or see \*(L"substr\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 838 | .IP "memset" 8 |
| 839 | .IX Item "memset" |
| 840 | \&\fImemset()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`x\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 841 | .IP "mkdir" 8 |
| 842 | .IX Item "mkdir" |
| 843 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`mkdir()\*(C'\fR function |
| 844 | for creating directories, see \*(L"mkdir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 845 | .IP "mkfifo" 8 |
| 846 | .IX Item "mkfifo" |
| 847 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`mkfifo()\*(C'\fR for creating |
| 848 | \&\s-1FIFO\s0 special files. |
| 849 | .Sp |
| 850 | .Vb 1 |
| 851 | \& if (mkfifo($path, $mode)) { .... |
| 852 | .Ve |
| 853 | .Sp |
| 854 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. The \f(CW$mode\fR is similar to the |
| 855 | mode of \f(CW\*(C`mkdir()\*(C'\fR, see \*(L"mkdir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 856 | .IP "mktime" 8 |
| 857 | .IX Item "mktime" |
| 858 | Convert date/time info to a calendar time. |
| 859 | .Sp |
| 860 | Synopsis: |
| 861 | .Sp |
| 862 | .Vb 1 |
| 863 | \& mktime(sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = 0, yday = 0, isdst = 0) |
| 864 | .Ve |
| 865 | .Sp |
| 866 | The month (\f(CW\*(C`mon\*(C'\fR), weekday (\f(CW\*(C`wday\*(C'\fR), and yearday (\f(CW\*(C`yday\*(C'\fR) begin at zero. |
| 867 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The |
| 868 | year (\f(CW\*(C`year\*(C'\fR) is given in years since 1900. I.e. The year 1995 is 95; the |
| 869 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's \f(CW\*(C`mktime()\*(C'\fR manpage for details |
| 870 | about these and the other arguments. |
| 871 | .Sp |
| 872 | Calendar time for December 12, 1995, at 10:30 am. |
| 873 | .Sp |
| 874 | .Vb 2 |
| 875 | \& $time_t = POSIX::mktime( 0, 30, 10, 12, 11, 95 ); |
| 876 | \& print "Date = ", POSIX::ctime($time_t); |
| 877 | .Ve |
| 878 | .Sp |
| 879 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 880 | .IP "modf" 8 |
| 881 | .IX Item "modf" |
| 882 | Return the integral and fractional parts of a floating-point number. |
| 883 | .Sp |
| 884 | .Vb 1 |
| 885 | \& ($fractional, $integral) = POSIX::modf( 3.14 ); |
| 886 | .Ve |
| 887 | .IP "nice" 8 |
| 888 | .IX Item "nice" |
| 889 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`nice()\*(C'\fR, for changing |
| 890 | the scheduling preference of the current process. Positive |
| 891 | arguments mean more polite process, negative values more |
| 892 | needy process. Normal user processes can only be more polite. |
| 893 | .Sp |
| 894 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 895 | .IP "offsetof" 8 |
| 896 | .IX Item "offsetof" |
| 897 | \&\fIoffsetof()\fR is C\-specific, you probably want to see \*(L"pack\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 898 | .IP "open" 8 |
| 899 | .IX Item "open" |
| 900 | Open a file for reading for writing. This returns file descriptors, not |
| 901 | Perl filehandles. Use \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::close\*(C'\fR to close the file. |
| 902 | .Sp |
| 903 | Open a file read-only with mode 0666. |
| 904 | .Sp |
| 905 | .Vb 1 |
| 906 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo" ); |
| 907 | .Ve |
| 908 | .Sp |
| 909 | Open a file for read and write. |
| 910 | .Sp |
| 911 | .Vb 1 |
| 912 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDWR ); |
| 913 | .Ve |
| 914 | .Sp |
| 915 | Open a file for write, with truncation. |
| 916 | .Sp |
| 917 | .Vb 1 |
| 918 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY | &POSIX::O_TRUNC ); |
| 919 | .Ve |
| 920 | .Sp |
| 921 | Create a new file with mode 0640. Set up the file for writing. |
| 922 | .Sp |
| 923 | .Vb 1 |
| 924 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_CREAT | &POSIX::O_WRONLY, 0640 ); |
| 925 | .Ve |
| 926 | .Sp |
| 927 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 928 | .Sp |
| 929 | See also \*(L"sysopen\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 930 | .IP "opendir" 8 |
| 931 | .IX Item "opendir" |
| 932 | Open a directory for reading. |
| 933 | .Sp |
| 934 | .Vb 3 |
| 935 | \& $dir = POSIX::opendir( "/tmp" ); |
| 936 | \& @files = POSIX::readdir( $dir ); |
| 937 | \& POSIX::closedir( $dir ); |
| 938 | .Ve |
| 939 | .Sp |
| 940 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 941 | .IP "pathconf" 8 |
| 942 | .IX Item "pathconf" |
| 943 | Retrieves the value of a configurable limit on a file or directory. |
| 944 | .Sp |
| 945 | The following will determine the maximum length of the longest allowable |
| 946 | pathname on the filesystem which holds \f(CW\*(C`/tmp\*(C'\fR. |
| 947 | .Sp |
| 948 | .Vb 1 |
| 949 | \& $path_max = POSIX::pathconf( "/tmp", &POSIX::_PC_PATH_MAX ); |
| 950 | .Ve |
| 951 | .Sp |
| 952 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 953 | .IP "pause" 8 |
| 954 | .IX Item "pause" |
| 955 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`pause()\*(C'\fR, which suspends |
| 956 | the execution of the current process until a signal is received. |
| 957 | .Sp |
| 958 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 959 | .IP "perror" 8 |
| 960 | .IX Item "perror" |
| 961 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`perror()\*(C'\fR, which outputs to the |
| 962 | standard error stream the specified message followed by \*(L": \*(R" and the |
| 963 | current error string. Use the \f(CW\*(C`warn()\*(C'\fR function and the \f(CW$!\fR |
| 964 | variable instead, see \*(L"warn\*(R" in perlfunc and \*(L"$ERRNO\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 965 | .IP "pipe" 8 |
| 966 | .IX Item "pipe" |
| 967 | Create an interprocess channel. This returns file descriptors like those |
| 968 | returned by \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 969 | .Sp |
| 970 | .Vb 3 |
| 971 | \& ($fd0, $fd1) = POSIX::pipe(); |
| 972 | \& POSIX::write( $fd0, "hello", 5 ); |
| 973 | \& POSIX::read( $fd1, $buf, 5 ); |
| 974 | .Ve |
| 975 | .Sp |
| 976 | See also \*(L"pipe\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 977 | .IP "pow" 8 |
| 978 | .IX Item "pow" |
| 979 | Computes \f(CW$x\fR raised to the power \f(CW$exponent\fR. |
| 980 | .Sp |
| 981 | .Vb 1 |
| 982 | \& $ret = POSIX::pow( $x, $exponent ); |
| 983 | .Ve |
| 984 | .Sp |
| 985 | You can also use the \f(CW\*(C`**\*(C'\fR operator, see perlop. |
| 986 | .IP "printf" 8 |
| 987 | .IX Item "printf" |
| 988 | Formats and prints the specified arguments to \s-1STDOUT\s0. |
| 989 | See also \*(L"printf\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 990 | .IP "putc" 8 |
| 991 | .IX Item "putc" |
| 992 | \&\fIputc()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 993 | .IP "putchar" 8 |
| 994 | .IX Item "putchar" |
| 995 | \&\fIputchar()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 996 | .IP "puts" 8 |
| 997 | .IX Item "puts" |
| 998 | \&\fIputs()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"print\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 999 | .IP "qsort" 8 |
| 1000 | .IX Item "qsort" |
| 1001 | \&\fIqsort()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"sort\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1002 | .IP "raise" 8 |
| 1003 | .IX Item "raise" |
| 1004 | Sends the specified signal to the current process. |
| 1005 | See also \*(L"kill\*(R" in perlfunc and the \f(CW$$\fR in \*(L"$PID\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 1006 | .IP "rand" 8 |
| 1007 | .IX Item "rand" |
| 1008 | \&\f(CW\*(C`rand()\*(C'\fR is non\-portable, see \*(L"rand\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1009 | .IP "read" 8 |
| 1010 | .IX Item "read" |
| 1011 | Read from a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by |
| 1012 | calling \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. If the buffer \f(CW$buf\fR is not large enough for the |
| 1013 | read then Perl will extend it to make room for the request. |
| 1014 | .Sp |
| 1015 | .Vb 2 |
| 1016 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_RDONLY ); |
| 1017 | \& $bytes = POSIX::read( $fd, $buf, 3 ); |
| 1018 | .Ve |
| 1019 | .Sp |
| 1020 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1021 | .Sp |
| 1022 | See also \*(L"sysread\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1023 | .IP "readdir" 8 |
| 1024 | .IX Item "readdir" |
| 1025 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`readdir()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1026 | for reading directory entries, see \*(L"readdir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1027 | .IP "realloc" 8 |
| 1028 | .IX Item "realloc" |
| 1029 | \&\fIrealloc()\fR is C\-specific. Perl does memory management transparently. |
| 1030 | .IP "remove" 8 |
| 1031 | .IX Item "remove" |
| 1032 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`unlink()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1033 | for removing files, see \*(L"unlink\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1034 | .IP "rename" 8 |
| 1035 | .IX Item "rename" |
| 1036 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`rename()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1037 | for renaming files, see \*(L"rename\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1038 | .IP "rewind" 8 |
| 1039 | .IX Item "rewind" |
| 1040 | Seeks to the beginning of the file. |
| 1041 | .IP "rewinddir" 8 |
| 1042 | .IX Item "rewinddir" |
| 1043 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`rewinddir()\*(C'\fR function for |
| 1044 | rewinding directory entry streams, see \*(L"rewinddir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1045 | .IP "rmdir" 8 |
| 1046 | .IX Item "rmdir" |
| 1047 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`rmdir()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1048 | for removing (empty) directories, see \*(L"rmdir\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1049 | .IP "scanf" 8 |
| 1050 | .IX Item "scanf" |
| 1051 | \&\fIscanf()\fR is C\-specific, use <> and regular expressions instead, |
| 1052 | see perlre. |
| 1053 | .IP "setgid" 8 |
| 1054 | .IX Item "setgid" |
| 1055 | Sets the real group identifier and the effective group identifier for |
| 1056 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin |
| 1057 | \&\f(CW$)\fR variable, see \*(L"$GID\*(R" in perlvar, except that the latter |
| 1058 | will change only the real user identifier, and that the \fIsetgid()\fR |
| 1059 | uses only a single numeric argument, as opposed to a space-separated |
| 1060 | list of numbers. |
| 1061 | .IP "setjmp" 8 |
| 1062 | .IX Item "setjmp" |
| 1063 | \&\f(CW\*(C`setjmp()\*(C'\fR is C\-specific: use \f(CW\*(C`eval {}\*(C'\fR instead, |
| 1064 | see \*(L"eval\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1065 | .IP "setlocale" 8 |
| 1066 | .IX Item "setlocale" |
| 1067 | Modifies and queries program's locale. The following examples assume |
| 1068 | .Sp |
| 1069 | .Vb 1 |
| 1070 | \& use POSIX qw(setlocale LC_ALL LC_CTYPE); |
| 1071 | .Ve |
| 1072 | .Sp |
| 1073 | has been issued. |
| 1074 | .Sp |
| 1075 | The following will set the traditional \s-1UNIX\s0 system locale behavior |
| 1076 | (the second argument \f(CW"C"\fR). |
| 1077 | .Sp |
| 1078 | .Vb 1 |
| 1079 | \& $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "C" ); |
| 1080 | .Ve |
| 1081 | .Sp |
| 1082 | The following will query the current \s-1LC_CTYPE\s0 category. (No second |
| 1083 | argument means 'query'.) |
| 1084 | .Sp |
| 1085 | .Vb 1 |
| 1086 | \& $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE ); |
| 1087 | .Ve |
| 1088 | .Sp |
| 1089 | The following will set the \s-1LC_CTYPE\s0 behaviour according to the locale |
| 1090 | environment variables (the second argument \f(CW""\fR). |
| 1091 | Please see your systems \f(CWsetlocale(3)\fR documentation for the locale |
| 1092 | environment variables' meaning or consult perllocale. |
| 1093 | .Sp |
| 1094 | .Vb 1 |
| 1095 | \& $loc = setlocale( LC_CTYPE, "" ); |
| 1096 | .Ve |
| 1097 | .Sp |
| 1098 | The following will set the \s-1LC_COLLATE\s0 behaviour to Argentinian |
| 1099 | Spanish. \fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR: The naming and availability of locales depends on |
| 1100 | your operating system. Please consult perllocale for how to find |
| 1101 | out which locales are available in your system. |
| 1102 | .Sp |
| 1103 | .Vb 1 |
| 1104 | \& $loc = setlocale( LC_ALL, "es_AR.ISO8859-1" ); |
| 1105 | .Ve |
| 1106 | .IP "setpgid" 8 |
| 1107 | .IX Item "setpgid" |
| 1108 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`setpgid()\*(C'\fR for |
| 1109 | setting the process group identifier of the current process. |
| 1110 | .Sp |
| 1111 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1112 | .IP "setsid" 8 |
| 1113 | .IX Item "setsid" |
| 1114 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`setsid()\*(C'\fR for |
| 1115 | setting the session identifier of the current process. |
| 1116 | .IP "setuid" 8 |
| 1117 | .IX Item "setuid" |
| 1118 | Sets the real user identifier and the effective user identifier for |
| 1119 | this process. Similar to assigning a value to the Perl's builtin |
| 1120 | \&\f(CW$<\fR variable, see \*(L"$UID\*(R" in perlvar, except that the latter |
| 1121 | will change only the real user identifier. |
| 1122 | .IP "sigaction" 8 |
| 1123 | .IX Item "sigaction" |
| 1124 | Detailed signal management. This uses \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigAction\*(C'\fR objects for the |
| 1125 | \&\f(CW\*(C`action\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`oldaction\*(C'\fR arguments. Consult your system's \f(CW\*(C`sigaction\*(C'\fR |
| 1126 | manpage for details. |
| 1127 | .Sp |
| 1128 | Synopsis: |
| 1129 | .Sp |
| 1130 | .Vb 1 |
| 1131 | \& sigaction(sig, action, oldaction = 0) |
| 1132 | .Ve |
| 1133 | .Sp |
| 1134 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1135 | .IP "siglongjmp" 8 |
| 1136 | .IX Item "siglongjmp" |
| 1137 | \&\fIsiglongjmp()\fR is C\-specific: use \*(L"die\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1138 | .IP "sigpending" 8 |
| 1139 | .IX Item "sigpending" |
| 1140 | Examine signals that are blocked and pending. This uses \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigSet\*(C'\fR |
| 1141 | objects for the \f(CW\*(C`sigset\*(C'\fR argument. Consult your system's \f(CW\*(C`sigpending\*(C'\fR |
| 1142 | manpage for details. |
| 1143 | .Sp |
| 1144 | Synopsis: |
| 1145 | .Sp |
| 1146 | .Vb 1 |
| 1147 | \& sigpending(sigset) |
| 1148 | .Ve |
| 1149 | .Sp |
| 1150 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1151 | .IP "sigprocmask" 8 |
| 1152 | .IX Item "sigprocmask" |
| 1153 | Change and/or examine calling process's signal mask. This uses |
| 1154 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigSet\*(C'\fR objects for the \f(CW\*(C`sigset\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`oldsigset\*(C'\fR arguments. |
| 1155 | Consult your system's \f(CW\*(C`sigprocmask\*(C'\fR manpage for details. |
| 1156 | .Sp |
| 1157 | Synopsis: |
| 1158 | .Sp |
| 1159 | .Vb 1 |
| 1160 | \& sigprocmask(how, sigset, oldsigset = 0) |
| 1161 | .Ve |
| 1162 | .Sp |
| 1163 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1164 | .IP "sigsetjmp" 8 |
| 1165 | .IX Item "sigsetjmp" |
| 1166 | \&\f(CW\*(C`sigsetjmp()\*(C'\fR is C\-specific: use \f(CW\*(C`eval {}\*(C'\fR instead, |
| 1167 | see \*(L"eval\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1168 | .IP "sigsuspend" 8 |
| 1169 | .IX Item "sigsuspend" |
| 1170 | Install a signal mask and suspend process until signal arrives. This uses |
| 1171 | \&\f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigSet\*(C'\fR objects for the \f(CW\*(C`signal_mask\*(C'\fR argument. Consult your |
| 1172 | system's \f(CW\*(C`sigsuspend\*(C'\fR manpage for details. |
| 1173 | .Sp |
| 1174 | Synopsis: |
| 1175 | .Sp |
| 1176 | .Vb 1 |
| 1177 | \& sigsuspend(signal_mask) |
| 1178 | .Ve |
| 1179 | .Sp |
| 1180 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1181 | .IP "sin" 8 |
| 1182 | .IX Item "sin" |
| 1183 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`sin()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1184 | for returning the sine of the numerical argument, |
| 1185 | see \*(L"sin\*(R" in perlfunc. See also Math::Trig. |
| 1186 | .IP "sinh" 8 |
| 1187 | .IX Item "sinh" |
| 1188 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`sinh()\*(C'\fR |
| 1189 | for returning the hyperbolic sine of the numerical argument. |
| 1190 | See also Math::Trig. |
| 1191 | .IP "sleep" 8 |
| 1192 | .IX Item "sleep" |
| 1193 | This is functionally identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`sleep()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1194 | for suspending the execution of the current for process for certain |
| 1195 | number of seconds, see \*(L"sleep\*(R" in perlfunc. There is one signifanct |
| 1196 | difference, however: \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::sleep()\*(C'\fR returns the number of |
| 1197 | \&\fBunslept\fR seconds, while the \f(CW\*(C`CORE::sleep()\*(C'\fR returns the |
| 1198 | number of slept seconds. |
| 1199 | .IP "sprintf" 8 |
| 1200 | .IX Item "sprintf" |
| 1201 | This is similar to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`sprintf()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1202 | for returning a string that has the arguments formatted as requested, |
| 1203 | see \*(L"sprintf\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1204 | .IP "sqrt" 8 |
| 1205 | .IX Item "sqrt" |
| 1206 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`sqrt()\*(C'\fR function. |
| 1207 | for returning the square root of the numerical argument, |
| 1208 | see \*(L"sqrt\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1209 | .IP "srand" 8 |
| 1210 | .IX Item "srand" |
| 1211 | Give a seed the pseudorandom number generator, see \*(L"srand\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1212 | .IP "sscanf" 8 |
| 1213 | .IX Item "sscanf" |
| 1214 | \&\fIsscanf()\fR is C\-specific, use regular expressions instead, |
| 1215 | see perlre. |
| 1216 | .IP "stat" 8 |
| 1217 | .IX Item "stat" |
| 1218 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`stat()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1219 | for retutning information about files and directories. |
| 1220 | .IP "strcat" 8 |
| 1221 | .IX Item "strcat" |
| 1222 | \&\fIstrcat()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`.=\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1223 | .IP "strchr" 8 |
| 1224 | .IX Item "strchr" |
| 1225 | \&\fIstrchr()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"index\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1226 | .IP "strcmp" 8 |
| 1227 | .IX Item "strcmp" |
| 1228 | \&\fIstrcmp()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`eq\*(C'\fR or \f(CW\*(C`cmp\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1229 | .IP "strcoll" 8 |
| 1230 | .IX Item "strcoll" |
| 1231 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`strcoll()\*(C'\fR |
| 1232 | for collating (comparing) strings transformed using |
| 1233 | the \f(CW\*(C`strxfrm()\*(C'\fR function. Not really needed since |
| 1234 | Perl can do this transparently, see perllocale. |
| 1235 | .IP "strcpy" 8 |
| 1236 | .IX Item "strcpy" |
| 1237 | \&\fIstrcpy()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1238 | .IP "strcspn" 8 |
| 1239 | .IX Item "strcspn" |
| 1240 | \&\fIstrcspn()\fR is C\-specific, use regular expressions instead, |
| 1241 | see perlre. |
| 1242 | .IP "strerror" 8 |
| 1243 | .IX Item "strerror" |
| 1244 | Returns the error string for the specified errno. |
| 1245 | Identical to the string form of the \f(CW$!\fR, see \*(L"$ERRNO\*(R" in perlvar. |
| 1246 | .IP "strftime" 8 |
| 1247 | .IX Item "strftime" |
| 1248 | Convert date and time information to string. Returns the string. |
| 1249 | .Sp |
| 1250 | Synopsis: |
| 1251 | .Sp |
| 1252 | .Vb 1 |
| 1253 | \& strftime(fmt, sec, min, hour, mday, mon, year, wday = -1, yday = -1, isdst = -1) |
| 1254 | .Ve |
| 1255 | .Sp |
| 1256 | The month (\f(CW\*(C`mon\*(C'\fR), weekday (\f(CW\*(C`wday\*(C'\fR), and yearday (\f(CW\*(C`yday\*(C'\fR) begin at zero. |
| 1257 | I.e. January is 0, not 1; Sunday is 0, not 1; January 1st is 0, not 1. The |
| 1258 | year (\f(CW\*(C`year\*(C'\fR) is given in years since 1900. I.e., the year 1995 is 95; the |
| 1259 | year 2001 is 101. Consult your system's \f(CW\*(C`strftime()\*(C'\fR manpage for details |
| 1260 | about these and the other arguments. |
| 1261 | If you want your code to be portable, your format (\f(CW\*(C`fmt\*(C'\fR) argument |
| 1262 | should use only the conversion specifiers defined by the \s-1ANSI\s0 C |
| 1263 | standard. These are \f(CW\*(C`aAbBcdHIjmMpSUwWxXyYZ%\*(C'\fR. |
| 1264 | The given arguments are made consistent |
| 1265 | as though by calling \f(CW\*(C`mktime()\*(C'\fR before calling your system's |
| 1266 | \&\f(CW\*(C`strftime()\*(C'\fR function, except that the \f(CW\*(C`isdst\*(C'\fR value is not affected. |
| 1267 | .Sp |
| 1268 | The string for Tuesday, December 12, 1995. |
| 1269 | .Sp |
| 1270 | .Vb 2 |
| 1271 | \& $str = POSIX::strftime( "%A, %B %d, %Y", 0, 0, 0, 12, 11, 95, 2 ); |
| 1272 | \& print "$str\en"; |
| 1273 | .Ve |
| 1274 | .IP "strlen" 8 |
| 1275 | .IX Item "strlen" |
| 1276 | \&\fIstrlen()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`length()\*(C'\fR instead, see \*(L"length\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1277 | .IP "strncat" 8 |
| 1278 | .IX Item "strncat" |
| 1279 | \&\fIstrncat()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`.=\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1280 | .IP "strncmp" 8 |
| 1281 | .IX Item "strncmp" |
| 1282 | \&\fIstrncmp()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`eq\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1283 | .IP "strncpy" 8 |
| 1284 | .IX Item "strncpy" |
| 1285 | \&\fIstrncpy()\fR is C\-specific, use \f(CW\*(C`=\*(C'\fR instead, see perlop. |
| 1286 | .IP "strpbrk" 8 |
| 1287 | .IX Item "strpbrk" |
| 1288 | \&\fIstrpbrk()\fR is C\-specific, use regular expressions instead, |
| 1289 | see perlre. |
| 1290 | .IP "strrchr" 8 |
| 1291 | .IX Item "strrchr" |
| 1292 | \&\fIstrrchr()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"rindex\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1293 | .IP "strspn" 8 |
| 1294 | .IX Item "strspn" |
| 1295 | \&\fIstrspn()\fR is C\-specific, use regular expressions instead, |
| 1296 | see perlre. |
| 1297 | .IP "strstr" 8 |
| 1298 | .IX Item "strstr" |
| 1299 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`index()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 1300 | see \*(L"index\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1301 | .IP "strtod" 8 |
| 1302 | .IX Item "strtod" |
| 1303 | String to double translation. Returns the parsed number and the number |
| 1304 | of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly |
| 1305 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation |
| 1306 | error, so clear $! before calling strtod. However, non-POSIX systems |
| 1307 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. |
| 1308 | .Sp |
| 1309 | strtod should respect any \s-1POSIX\s0 \fI\fIsetlocale()\fI\fR settings. |
| 1310 | .Sp |
| 1311 | To parse a string \f(CW$str\fR as a floating point number use |
| 1312 | .Sp |
| 1313 | .Vb 2 |
| 1314 | \& $! = 0; |
| 1315 | \& ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtod($str); |
| 1316 | .Ve |
| 1317 | .Sp |
| 1318 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: |
| 1319 | .Sp |
| 1320 | .Vb 3 |
| 1321 | \& if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { |
| 1322 | \& die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\en" : "\en"; |
| 1323 | \& } |
| 1324 | .Ve |
| 1325 | .Sp |
| 1326 | When called in a scalar context strtod returns the parsed number. |
| 1327 | .IP "strtok" 8 |
| 1328 | .IX Item "strtok" |
| 1329 | \&\fIstrtok()\fR is C\-specific, use regular expressions instead, see |
| 1330 | perlre, or \*(L"split\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1331 | .IP "strtol" 8 |
| 1332 | .IX Item "strtol" |
| 1333 | String to (long) integer translation. Returns the parsed number and |
| 1334 | the number of characters in the unparsed portion of the string. Truly |
| 1335 | POSIX-compliant systems set $! ($ERRNO) to indicate a translation |
| 1336 | error, so clear $! before calling strtol. However, non-POSIX systems |
| 1337 | may not check for overflow, and therefore will never set $!. |
| 1338 | .Sp |
| 1339 | strtol should respect any \s-1POSIX\s0 \fI\fIsetlocale()\fI\fR settings. |
| 1340 | .Sp |
| 1341 | To parse a string \f(CW$str\fR as a number in some base \f(CW$base\fR use |
| 1342 | .Sp |
| 1343 | .Vb 2 |
| 1344 | \& $! = 0; |
| 1345 | \& ($num, $n_unparsed) = POSIX::strtol($str, $base); |
| 1346 | .Ve |
| 1347 | .Sp |
| 1348 | The base should be zero or between 2 and 36, inclusive. When the base |
| 1349 | is zero or omitted strtol will use the string itself to determine the |
| 1350 | base: a leading \*(L"0x\*(R" or \*(L"0X\*(R" means hexadecimal; a leading \*(L"0\*(R" means |
| 1351 | octal; any other leading characters mean decimal. Thus, \*(L"1234\*(R" is |
| 1352 | parsed as a decimal number, \*(L"01234\*(R" as an octal number, and \*(L"0x1234\*(R" |
| 1353 | as a hexadecimal number. |
| 1354 | .Sp |
| 1355 | The second returned item and $! can be used to check for valid input: |
| 1356 | .Sp |
| 1357 | .Vb 3 |
| 1358 | \& if (($str eq '') || ($n_unparsed != 0) || !$!) { |
| 1359 | \& die "Non-numeric input $str" . $! ? ": $!\en" : "\en"; |
| 1360 | \& } |
| 1361 | .Ve |
| 1362 | .Sp |
| 1363 | When called in a scalar context strtol returns the parsed number. |
| 1364 | .IP "strtoul" 8 |
| 1365 | .IX Item "strtoul" |
| 1366 | String to unsigned (long) integer translation. \fIstrtoul()\fR is identical |
| 1367 | to \fIstrtol()\fR except that \fIstrtoul()\fR only parses unsigned integers. See |
| 1368 | \&\*(L"strtol\*(R" for details. |
| 1369 | .Sp |
| 1370 | Note: Some vendors supply \fIstrtod()\fR and \fIstrtol()\fR but not \fIstrtoul()\fR. |
| 1371 | Other vendors that do supply \fIstrtoul()\fR parse \*(L"\-1\*(R" as a valid value. |
| 1372 | .IP "strxfrm" 8 |
| 1373 | .IX Item "strxfrm" |
| 1374 | String transformation. Returns the transformed string. |
| 1375 | .Sp |
| 1376 | .Vb 1 |
| 1377 | \& $dst = POSIX::strxfrm( $src ); |
| 1378 | .Ve |
| 1379 | .Sp |
| 1380 | Used in conjunction with the \f(CW\*(C`strcoll()\*(C'\fR function, see \*(L"strcoll\*(R". |
| 1381 | .Sp |
| 1382 | Not really needed since Perl can do this transparently, see |
| 1383 | perllocale. |
| 1384 | .IP "sysconf" 8 |
| 1385 | .IX Item "sysconf" |
| 1386 | Retrieves values of system configurable variables. |
| 1387 | .Sp |
| 1388 | The following will get the machine's clock speed. |
| 1389 | .Sp |
| 1390 | .Vb 1 |
| 1391 | \& $clock_ticks = POSIX::sysconf( &POSIX::_SC_CLK_TCK ); |
| 1392 | .Ve |
| 1393 | .Sp |
| 1394 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1395 | .IP "system" 8 |
| 1396 | .IX Item "system" |
| 1397 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`system()\*(C'\fR function, see |
| 1398 | \&\*(L"system\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1399 | .IP "tan" 8 |
| 1400 | .IX Item "tan" |
| 1401 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tan()\*(C'\fR, returning the |
| 1402 | tangent of the numerical argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 1403 | .IP "tanh" 8 |
| 1404 | .IX Item "tanh" |
| 1405 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tanh()\*(C'\fR, returning the |
| 1406 | hyperbolic tangent of the numerical argument. See also Math::Trig. |
| 1407 | .IP "tcdrain" 8 |
| 1408 | .IX Item "tcdrain" |
| 1409 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcdrain()\*(C'\fR for draining |
| 1410 | the output queue of its argument stream. |
| 1411 | .Sp |
| 1412 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1413 | .IP "tcflow" 8 |
| 1414 | .IX Item "tcflow" |
| 1415 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcflow()\*(C'\fR for controlling |
| 1416 | the flow of its argument stream. |
| 1417 | .Sp |
| 1418 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1419 | .IP "tcflush" 8 |
| 1420 | .IX Item "tcflush" |
| 1421 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcflush()\*(C'\fR for flushing |
| 1422 | the I/O buffers of its argumeny stream. |
| 1423 | .Sp |
| 1424 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1425 | .IP "tcgetpgrp" 8 |
| 1426 | .IX Item "tcgetpgrp" |
| 1427 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcgetpgrp()\*(C'\fR for returning the |
| 1428 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling |
| 1429 | terminal. |
| 1430 | .IP "tcsendbreak" 8 |
| 1431 | .IX Item "tcsendbreak" |
| 1432 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcsendbreak()\*(C'\fR for sending |
| 1433 | a break on its argument stream. |
| 1434 | .Sp |
| 1435 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1436 | .IP "tcsetpgrp" 8 |
| 1437 | .IX Item "tcsetpgrp" |
| 1438 | This is similar to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tcsetpgrp()\*(C'\fR for setting the |
| 1439 | process group identifier of the foreground process group of the controlling |
| 1440 | terminal. |
| 1441 | .Sp |
| 1442 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1443 | .IP "time" 8 |
| 1444 | .IX Item "time" |
| 1445 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`time()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1446 | for returning the number of seconds since the epoch |
| 1447 | (whatever it is for the system), see \*(L"time\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1448 | .IP "times" 8 |
| 1449 | .IX Item "times" |
| 1450 | The \fItimes()\fR function returns elapsed realtime since some point in the past |
| 1451 | (such as system startup), user and system times for this process, and user |
| 1452 | and system times used by child processes. All times are returned in clock |
| 1453 | ticks. |
| 1454 | .Sp |
| 1455 | .Vb 1 |
| 1456 | \& ($realtime, $user, $system, $cuser, $csystem) = POSIX::times(); |
| 1457 | .Ve |
| 1458 | .Sp |
| 1459 | Note: Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`times()\*(C'\fR function returns four values, measured in |
| 1460 | seconds. |
| 1461 | .IP "tmpfile" 8 |
| 1462 | .IX Item "tmpfile" |
| 1463 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::File::new_tmpfile()\*(C'\fR instead, or see File::Temp. |
| 1464 | .IP "tmpnam" 8 |
| 1465 | .IX Item "tmpnam" |
| 1466 | Returns a name for a temporary file. |
| 1467 | .Sp |
| 1468 | .Vb 1 |
| 1469 | \& $tmpfile = POSIX::tmpnam(); |
| 1470 | .Ve |
| 1471 | .Sp |
| 1472 | For security reasons, which are probably detailed in your system's |
| 1473 | documentation for the C library \fItmpnam()\fR function, this interface |
| 1474 | should not be used; instead see File::Temp. |
| 1475 | .IP "tolower" 8 |
| 1476 | .IX Item "tolower" |
| 1477 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 1478 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the \f(CW\*(C`lc()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 1479 | see \*(L"lc\*(R" in perlfunc, or the equivalent \f(CW\*(C`\eL\*(C'\fR operator inside doublequotish |
| 1480 | strings. |
| 1481 | .IP "toupper" 8 |
| 1482 | .IX Item "toupper" |
| 1483 | This is identical to the C function, except that it can apply to a single |
| 1484 | character or to a whole string. Consider using the \f(CW\*(C`uc()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 1485 | see \*(L"uc\*(R" in perlfunc, or the equivalent \f(CW\*(C`\eU\*(C'\fR operator inside doublequotish |
| 1486 | strings. |
| 1487 | .IP "ttyname" 8 |
| 1488 | .IX Item "ttyname" |
| 1489 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`ttyname()\*(C'\fR for returning the |
| 1490 | name of the current terminal. |
| 1491 | .IP "tzname" 8 |
| 1492 | .IX Item "tzname" |
| 1493 | Retrieves the time conversion information from the \f(CW\*(C`tzname\*(C'\fR variable. |
| 1494 | .Sp |
| 1495 | .Vb 2 |
| 1496 | \& POSIX::tzset(); |
| 1497 | \& ($std, $dst) = POSIX::tzname(); |
| 1498 | .Ve |
| 1499 | .IP "tzset" 8 |
| 1500 | .IX Item "tzset" |
| 1501 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`tzset()\*(C'\fR for setting |
| 1502 | the current timezone based on the environment variable \f(CW\*(C`TZ\*(C'\fR, |
| 1503 | to be used by \f(CW\*(C`ctime()\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`localtime()\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`mktime()\*(C'\fR, and \f(CW\*(C`strftime()\*(C'\fR |
| 1504 | functions. |
| 1505 | .IP "umask" 8 |
| 1506 | .IX Item "umask" |
| 1507 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`umask()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1508 | for setting (and querying) the file creation permission mask, |
| 1509 | see \*(L"umask\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1510 | .IP "uname" 8 |
| 1511 | .IX Item "uname" |
| 1512 | Get name of current operating system. |
| 1513 | .Sp |
| 1514 | .Vb 1 |
| 1515 | \& ($sysname, $nodename, $release, $version, $machine) = POSIX::uname(); |
| 1516 | .Ve |
| 1517 | .Sp |
| 1518 | Note that the actual meanings of the various fields are not |
| 1519 | that well standardized, do not expect any great portability. |
| 1520 | The \f(CW$sysname\fR might be the name of the operating system, |
| 1521 | the \f(CW$nodename\fR might be the name of the host, the \f(CW$release\fR |
| 1522 | might be the (major) release number of the operating system, |
| 1523 | the \f(CW$version\fR might be the (minor) release number of the |
| 1524 | operating system, and the \f(CW$machine\fR might be a hardware identifier. |
| 1525 | Maybe. |
| 1526 | .IP "ungetc" 8 |
| 1527 | .IX Item "ungetc" |
| 1528 | Use method \f(CW\*(C`IO::Handle::ungetc()\*(C'\fR instead. |
| 1529 | .IP "unlink" 8 |
| 1530 | .IX Item "unlink" |
| 1531 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`unlink()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1532 | for removing files, see \*(L"unlink\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1533 | .IP "utime" 8 |
| 1534 | .IX Item "utime" |
| 1535 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`utime()\*(C'\fR function |
| 1536 | for changing the time stamps of files and directories, |
| 1537 | see \*(L"utime\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1538 | .IP "vfprintf" 8 |
| 1539 | .IX Item "vfprintf" |
| 1540 | \&\fIvfprintf()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"printf\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1541 | .IP "vprintf" 8 |
| 1542 | .IX Item "vprintf" |
| 1543 | \&\fIvprintf()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"printf\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1544 | .IP "vsprintf" 8 |
| 1545 | .IX Item "vsprintf" |
| 1546 | \&\fIvsprintf()\fR is C\-specific, see \*(L"sprintf\*(R" in perlfunc instead. |
| 1547 | .IP "wait" 8 |
| 1548 | .IX Item "wait" |
| 1549 | This is identical to Perl's builtin \f(CW\*(C`wait()\*(C'\fR function, |
| 1550 | see \*(L"wait\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1551 | .IP "waitpid" 8 |
| 1552 | .IX Item "waitpid" |
| 1553 | Wait for a child process to change state. This is identical to Perl's |
| 1554 | builtin \f(CW\*(C`waitpid()\*(C'\fR function, see \*(L"waitpid\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1555 | .Sp |
| 1556 | .Vb 2 |
| 1557 | \& $pid = POSIX::waitpid( -1, POSIX::WNOHANG ); |
| 1558 | \& print "status = ", ($? / 256), "\en"; |
| 1559 | .Ve |
| 1560 | .IP "wcstombs" 8 |
| 1561 | .IX Item "wcstombs" |
| 1562 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`wcstombs()\*(C'\fR. |
| 1563 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte |
| 1564 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather |
| 1565 | useless function. |
| 1566 | .IP "wctomb" 8 |
| 1567 | .IX Item "wctomb" |
| 1568 | This is identical to the C function \f(CW\*(C`wctomb()\*(C'\fR. |
| 1569 | Perl does not have any support for the wide and multibyte |
| 1570 | characters of the C standards, so this might be a rather |
| 1571 | useless function. |
| 1572 | .IP "write" 8 |
| 1573 | .IX Item "write" |
| 1574 | Write to a file. This uses file descriptors such as those obtained by |
| 1575 | calling \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::open\*(C'\fR. |
| 1576 | .Sp |
| 1577 | .Vb 3 |
| 1578 | \& $fd = POSIX::open( "foo", &POSIX::O_WRONLY ); |
| 1579 | \& $buf = "hello"; |
| 1580 | \& $bytes = POSIX::write( $b, $buf, 5 ); |
| 1581 | .Ve |
| 1582 | .Sp |
| 1583 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1584 | .Sp |
| 1585 | See also \*(L"syswrite\*(R" in perlfunc. |
| 1586 | .SH "CLASSES" |
| 1587 | .IX Header "CLASSES" |
| 1588 | .Sh "POSIX::SigAction" |
| 1589 | .IX Subsection "POSIX::SigAction" |
| 1590 | .IP "new" 8 |
| 1591 | .IX Item "new" |
| 1592 | Creates a new \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigAction\*(C'\fR object which corresponds to the C |
| 1593 | \&\f(CW\*(C`struct sigaction\*(C'\fR. This object will be destroyed automatically when it is |
| 1594 | no longer needed. The first parameter is the fully-qualified name of a sub |
| 1595 | which is a signal\-handler. The second parameter is a \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigSet\*(C'\fR |
| 1596 | object, it defaults to the empty set. The third parameter contains the |
| 1597 | \&\f(CW\*(C`sa_flags\*(C'\fR, it defaults to 0. |
| 1598 | .Sp |
| 1599 | .Vb 2 |
| 1600 | \& $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGQUIT); |
| 1601 | \& $sigaction = POSIX::SigAction->new( 'main::handler', $sigset, &POSIX::SA_NOCLDSTOP ); |
| 1602 | .Ve |
| 1603 | .Sp |
| 1604 | This \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::SigAction\*(C'\fR object should be used with the \f(CW\*(C`POSIX::sigaction()\*(C'\fR |
| 1605 | function. |
| 1606 | .Sh "POSIX::SigSet" |
| 1607 | .IX Subsection "POSIX::SigSet" |
| 1608 | .IP "new" 8 |
| 1609 | .IX Item "new" |
| 1610 | Create a new SigSet object. This object will be destroyed automatically |
| 1611 | when it is no longer needed. Arguments may be supplied to initialize the |
| 1612 | set. |
| 1613 | .Sp |
| 1614 | Create an empty set. |
| 1615 | .Sp |
| 1616 | .Vb 1 |
| 1617 | \& $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new; |
| 1618 | .Ve |
| 1619 | .Sp |
| 1620 | Create a set with \s-1SIGUSR1\s0. |
| 1621 | .Sp |
| 1622 | .Vb 1 |
| 1623 | \& $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ); |
| 1624 | .Ve |
| 1625 | .IP "addset" 8 |
| 1626 | .IX Item "addset" |
| 1627 | Add a signal to a SigSet object. |
| 1628 | .Sp |
| 1629 | .Vb 1 |
| 1630 | \& $sigset->addset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); |
| 1631 | .Ve |
| 1632 | .Sp |
| 1633 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1634 | .IP "delset" 8 |
| 1635 | .IX Item "delset" |
| 1636 | Remove a signal from the SigSet object. |
| 1637 | .Sp |
| 1638 | .Vb 1 |
| 1639 | \& $sigset->delset( &POSIX::SIGUSR2 ); |
| 1640 | .Ve |
| 1641 | .Sp |
| 1642 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1643 | .IP "emptyset" 8 |
| 1644 | .IX Item "emptyset" |
| 1645 | Initialize the SigSet object to be empty. |
| 1646 | .Sp |
| 1647 | .Vb 1 |
| 1648 | \& $sigset->emptyset(); |
| 1649 | .Ve |
| 1650 | .Sp |
| 1651 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1652 | .IP "fillset" 8 |
| 1653 | .IX Item "fillset" |
| 1654 | Initialize the SigSet object to include all signals. |
| 1655 | .Sp |
| 1656 | .Vb 1 |
| 1657 | \& $sigset->fillset(); |
| 1658 | .Ve |
| 1659 | .Sp |
| 1660 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1661 | .IP "ismember" 8 |
| 1662 | .IX Item "ismember" |
| 1663 | Tests the SigSet object to see if it contains a specific signal. |
| 1664 | .Sp |
| 1665 | .Vb 3 |
| 1666 | \& if( $sigset->ismember( &POSIX::SIGUSR1 ) ){ |
| 1667 | \& print "contains SIGUSR1\en"; |
| 1668 | \& } |
| 1669 | .Ve |
| 1670 | .Sh "POSIX::Termios" |
| 1671 | .IX Subsection "POSIX::Termios" |
| 1672 | .IP "new" 8 |
| 1673 | .IX Item "new" |
| 1674 | Create a new Termios object. This object will be destroyed automatically |
| 1675 | when it is no longer needed. A Termios object corresponds to the termios |
| 1676 | C struct. \fInew()\fR mallocs a new one, \fIgetattr()\fR fills it from a file descriptor, |
| 1677 | and \fIsetattr()\fR sets a file descriptor's parameters to match Termios' contents. |
| 1678 | .Sp |
| 1679 | .Vb 1 |
| 1680 | \& $termios = POSIX::Termios->new; |
| 1681 | .Ve |
| 1682 | .IP "getattr" 8 |
| 1683 | .IX Item "getattr" |
| 1684 | Get terminal control attributes. |
| 1685 | .Sp |
| 1686 | Obtain the attributes for stdin. |
| 1687 | .Sp |
| 1688 | .Vb 1 |
| 1689 | \& $termios->getattr() |
| 1690 | .Ve |
| 1691 | .Sp |
| 1692 | Obtain the attributes for stdout. |
| 1693 | .Sp |
| 1694 | .Vb 1 |
| 1695 | \& $termios->getattr( 1 ) |
| 1696 | .Ve |
| 1697 | .Sp |
| 1698 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1699 | .IP "getcc" 8 |
| 1700 | .IX Item "getcc" |
| 1701 | Retrieve a value from the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is |
| 1702 | an array so an index must be specified. |
| 1703 | .Sp |
| 1704 | .Vb 1 |
| 1705 | \& $c_cc[1] = $termios->getcc(1); |
| 1706 | .Ve |
| 1707 | .IP "getcflag" 8 |
| 1708 | .IX Item "getcflag" |
| 1709 | Retrieve the c_cflag field of a termios object. |
| 1710 | .Sp |
| 1711 | .Vb 1 |
| 1712 | \& $c_cflag = $termios->getcflag; |
| 1713 | .Ve |
| 1714 | .IP "getiflag" 8 |
| 1715 | .IX Item "getiflag" |
| 1716 | Retrieve the c_iflag field of a termios object. |
| 1717 | .Sp |
| 1718 | .Vb 1 |
| 1719 | \& $c_iflag = $termios->getiflag; |
| 1720 | .Ve |
| 1721 | .IP "getispeed" 8 |
| 1722 | .IX Item "getispeed" |
| 1723 | Retrieve the input baud rate. |
| 1724 | .Sp |
| 1725 | .Vb 1 |
| 1726 | \& $ispeed = $termios->getispeed; |
| 1727 | .Ve |
| 1728 | .IP "getlflag" 8 |
| 1729 | .IX Item "getlflag" |
| 1730 | Retrieve the c_lflag field of a termios object. |
| 1731 | .Sp |
| 1732 | .Vb 1 |
| 1733 | \& $c_lflag = $termios->getlflag; |
| 1734 | .Ve |
| 1735 | .IP "getoflag" 8 |
| 1736 | .IX Item "getoflag" |
| 1737 | Retrieve the c_oflag field of a termios object. |
| 1738 | .Sp |
| 1739 | .Vb 1 |
| 1740 | \& $c_oflag = $termios->getoflag; |
| 1741 | .Ve |
| 1742 | .IP "getospeed" 8 |
| 1743 | .IX Item "getospeed" |
| 1744 | Retrieve the output baud rate. |
| 1745 | .Sp |
| 1746 | .Vb 1 |
| 1747 | \& $ospeed = $termios->getospeed; |
| 1748 | .Ve |
| 1749 | .IP "setattr" 8 |
| 1750 | .IX Item "setattr" |
| 1751 | Set terminal control attributes. |
| 1752 | .Sp |
| 1753 | Set attributes immediately for stdout. |
| 1754 | .Sp |
| 1755 | .Vb 1 |
| 1756 | \& $termios->setattr( 1, &POSIX::TCSANOW ); |
| 1757 | .Ve |
| 1758 | .Sp |
| 1759 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1760 | .IP "setcc" 8 |
| 1761 | .IX Item "setcc" |
| 1762 | Set a value in the c_cc field of a termios object. The c_cc field is an |
| 1763 | array so an index must be specified. |
| 1764 | .Sp |
| 1765 | .Vb 1 |
| 1766 | \& $termios->setcc( &POSIX::VEOF, 1 ); |
| 1767 | .Ve |
| 1768 | .IP "setcflag" 8 |
| 1769 | .IX Item "setcflag" |
| 1770 | Set the c_cflag field of a termios object. |
| 1771 | .Sp |
| 1772 | .Vb 1 |
| 1773 | \& $termios->setcflag( $c_cflag | &POSIX::CLOCAL ); |
| 1774 | .Ve |
| 1775 | .IP "setiflag" 8 |
| 1776 | .IX Item "setiflag" |
| 1777 | Set the c_iflag field of a termios object. |
| 1778 | .Sp |
| 1779 | .Vb 1 |
| 1780 | \& $termios->setiflag( $c_iflag | &POSIX::BRKINT ); |
| 1781 | .Ve |
| 1782 | .IP "setispeed" 8 |
| 1783 | .IX Item "setispeed" |
| 1784 | Set the input baud rate. |
| 1785 | .Sp |
| 1786 | .Vb 1 |
| 1787 | \& $termios->setispeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); |
| 1788 | .Ve |
| 1789 | .Sp |
| 1790 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1791 | .IP "setlflag" 8 |
| 1792 | .IX Item "setlflag" |
| 1793 | Set the c_lflag field of a termios object. |
| 1794 | .Sp |
| 1795 | .Vb 1 |
| 1796 | \& $termios->setlflag( $c_lflag | &POSIX::ECHO ); |
| 1797 | .Ve |
| 1798 | .IP "setoflag" 8 |
| 1799 | .IX Item "setoflag" |
| 1800 | Set the c_oflag field of a termios object. |
| 1801 | .Sp |
| 1802 | .Vb 1 |
| 1803 | \& $termios->setoflag( $c_oflag | &POSIX::OPOST ); |
| 1804 | .Ve |
| 1805 | .IP "setospeed" 8 |
| 1806 | .IX Item "setospeed" |
| 1807 | Set the output baud rate. |
| 1808 | .Sp |
| 1809 | .Vb 1 |
| 1810 | \& $termios->setospeed( &POSIX::B9600 ); |
| 1811 | .Ve |
| 1812 | .Sp |
| 1813 | Returns \f(CW\*(C`undef\*(C'\fR on failure. |
| 1814 | .IP "Baud rate values" 8 |
| 1815 | .IX Item "Baud rate values" |
| 1816 | B38400 B75 B200 B134 B300 B1800 B150 B0 B19200 B1200 B9600 B600 B4800 B50 B2400 B110 |
| 1817 | .IP "Terminal interface values" 8 |
| 1818 | .IX Item "Terminal interface values" |
| 1819 | \&\s-1TCSADRAIN\s0 \s-1TCSANOW\s0 \s-1TCOON\s0 \s-1TCIOFLUSH\s0 \s-1TCOFLUSH\s0 \s-1TCION\s0 \s-1TCIFLUSH\s0 \s-1TCSAFLUSH\s0 \s-1TCIOFF\s0 \s-1TCOOFF\s0 |
| 1820 | .IP "c_cc field values" 8 |
| 1821 | .IX Item "c_cc field values" |
| 1822 | \&\s-1VEOF\s0 \s-1VEOL\s0 \s-1VERASE\s0 \s-1VINTR\s0 \s-1VKILL\s0 \s-1VQUIT\s0 \s-1VSUSP\s0 \s-1VSTART\s0 \s-1VSTOP\s0 \s-1VMIN\s0 \s-1VTIME\s0 \s-1NCCS\s0 |
| 1823 | .IP "c_cflag field values" 8 |
| 1824 | .IX Item "c_cflag field values" |
| 1825 | \&\s-1CLOCAL\s0 \s-1CREAD\s0 \s-1CSIZE\s0 \s-1CS5\s0 \s-1CS6\s0 \s-1CS7\s0 \s-1CS8\s0 \s-1CSTOPB\s0 \s-1HUPCL\s0 \s-1PARENB\s0 \s-1PARODD\s0 |
| 1826 | .IP "c_iflag field values" 8 |
| 1827 | .IX Item "c_iflag field values" |
| 1828 | \&\s-1BRKINT\s0 \s-1ICRNL\s0 \s-1IGNBRK\s0 \s-1IGNCR\s0 \s-1IGNPAR\s0 \s-1INLCR\s0 \s-1INPCK\s0 \s-1ISTRIP\s0 \s-1IXOFF\s0 \s-1IXON\s0 \s-1PARMRK\s0 |
| 1829 | .IP "c_lflag field values" 8 |
| 1830 | .IX Item "c_lflag field values" |
| 1831 | \&\s-1ECHO\s0 \s-1ECHOE\s0 \s-1ECHOK\s0 \s-1ECHONL\s0 \s-1ICANON\s0 \s-1IEXTEN\s0 \s-1ISIG\s0 \s-1NOFLSH\s0 \s-1TOSTOP\s0 |
| 1832 | .IP "c_oflag field values" 8 |
| 1833 | .IX Item "c_oflag field values" |
| 1834 | \&\s-1OPOST\s0 |
| 1835 | .SH "PATHNAME CONSTANTS" |
| 1836 | .IX Header "PATHNAME CONSTANTS" |
| 1837 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1838 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1839 | _PC_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _PC_LINK_MAX _PC_MAX_CANON _PC_MAX_INPUT _PC_NAME_MAX _PC_NO_TRUNC _PC_PATH_MAX _PC_PIPE_BUF _PC_VDISABLE |
| 1840 | .SH "POSIX CONSTANTS" |
| 1841 | .IX Header "POSIX CONSTANTS" |
| 1842 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1843 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1844 | _POSIX_ARG_MAX _POSIX_CHILD_MAX _POSIX_CHOWN_RESTRICTED _POSIX_JOB_CONTROL _POSIX_LINK_MAX _POSIX_MAX_CANON _POSIX_MAX_INPUT _POSIX_NAME_MAX _POSIX_NGROUPS_MAX _POSIX_NO_TRUNC _POSIX_OPEN_MAX _POSIX_PATH_MAX _POSIX_PIPE_BUF _POSIX_SAVED_IDS _POSIX_SSIZE_MAX _POSIX_STREAM_MAX _POSIX_TZNAME_MAX _POSIX_VDISABLE _POSIX_VERSION |
| 1845 | .SH "SYSTEM CONFIGURATION" |
| 1846 | .IX Header "SYSTEM CONFIGURATION" |
| 1847 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1848 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1849 | _SC_ARG_MAX _SC_CHILD_MAX _SC_CLK_TCK _SC_JOB_CONTROL _SC_NGROUPS_MAX _SC_OPEN_MAX _SC_PAGESIZE _SC_SAVED_IDS _SC_STREAM_MAX _SC_TZNAME_MAX _SC_VERSION |
| 1850 | .SH "ERRNO" |
| 1851 | .IX Header "ERRNO" |
| 1852 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1853 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1854 | E2BIG \s-1EACCES\s0 \s-1EADDRINUSE\s0 \s-1EADDRNOTAVAIL\s0 \s-1EAFNOSUPPORT\s0 \s-1EAGAIN\s0 \s-1EALREADY\s0 \s-1EBADF\s0 |
| 1855 | \&\s-1EBUSY\s0 \s-1ECHILD\s0 \s-1ECONNABORTED\s0 \s-1ECONNREFUSED\s0 \s-1ECONNRESET\s0 \s-1EDEADLK\s0 \s-1EDESTADDRREQ\s0 |
| 1856 | \&\s-1EDOM\s0 \s-1EDQUOT\s0 \s-1EEXIST\s0 \s-1EFAULT\s0 \s-1EFBIG\s0 \s-1EHOSTDOWN\s0 \s-1EHOSTUNREACH\s0 \s-1EINPROGRESS\s0 \s-1EINTR\s0 |
| 1857 | \&\s-1EINVAL\s0 \s-1EIO\s0 \s-1EISCONN\s0 \s-1EISDIR\s0 \s-1ELOOP\s0 \s-1EMFILE\s0 \s-1EMLINK\s0 \s-1EMSGSIZE\s0 \s-1ENAMETOOLONG\s0 |
| 1858 | \&\s-1ENETDOWN\s0 \s-1ENETRESET\s0 \s-1ENETUNREACH\s0 \s-1ENFILE\s0 \s-1ENOBUFS\s0 \s-1ENODEV\s0 \s-1ENOENT\s0 \s-1ENOEXEC\s0 |
| 1859 | \&\s-1ENOLCK\s0 \s-1ENOMEM\s0 \s-1ENOPROTOOPT\s0 \s-1ENOSPC\s0 \s-1ENOSYS\s0 \s-1ENOTBLK\s0 \s-1ENOTCONN\s0 \s-1ENOTDIR\s0 |
| 1860 | \&\s-1ENOTEMPTY\s0 \s-1ENOTSOCK\s0 \s-1ENOTTY\s0 \s-1ENXIO\s0 \s-1EOPNOTSUPP\s0 \s-1EPERM\s0 \s-1EPFNOSUPPORT\s0 \s-1EPIPE\s0 |
| 1861 | \&\s-1EPROCLIM\s0 \s-1EPROTONOSUPPORT\s0 \s-1EPROTOTYPE\s0 \s-1ERANGE\s0 \s-1EREMOTE\s0 \s-1ERESTART\s0 \s-1EROFS\s0 |
| 1862 | \&\s-1ESHUTDOWN\s0 \s-1ESOCKTNOSUPPORT\s0 \s-1ESPIPE\s0 \s-1ESRCH\s0 \s-1ESTALE\s0 \s-1ETIMEDOUT\s0 \s-1ETOOMANYREFS\s0 |
| 1863 | \&\s-1ETXTBSY\s0 \s-1EUSERS\s0 \s-1EWOULDBLOCK\s0 \s-1EXDEV\s0 |
| 1864 | .SH "FCNTL" |
| 1865 | .IX Header "FCNTL" |
| 1866 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1867 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1868 | \&\s-1FD_CLOEXEC\s0 F_DUPFD F_GETFD F_GETFL F_GETLK F_OK F_RDLCK F_SETFD F_SETFL F_SETLK F_SETLKW F_UNLCK F_WRLCK O_ACCMODE O_APPEND O_CREAT O_EXCL O_NOCTTY O_NONBLOCK O_RDONLY O_RDWR O_TRUNC O_WRONLY |
| 1869 | .SH "FLOAT" |
| 1870 | .IX Header "FLOAT" |
| 1871 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1872 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1873 | \&\s-1DBL_DIG\s0 \s-1DBL_EPSILON\s0 \s-1DBL_MANT_DIG\s0 \s-1DBL_MAX\s0 \s-1DBL_MAX_10_EXP\s0 \s-1DBL_MAX_EXP\s0 \s-1DBL_MIN\s0 \s-1DBL_MIN_10_EXP\s0 \s-1DBL_MIN_EXP\s0 \s-1FLT_DIG\s0 \s-1FLT_EPSILON\s0 \s-1FLT_MANT_DIG\s0 \s-1FLT_MAX\s0 \s-1FLT_MAX_10_EXP\s0 \s-1FLT_MAX_EXP\s0 \s-1FLT_MIN\s0 \s-1FLT_MIN_10_EXP\s0 \s-1FLT_MIN_EXP\s0 \s-1FLT_RADIX\s0 \s-1FLT_ROUNDS\s0 \s-1LDBL_DIG\s0 \s-1LDBL_EPSILON\s0 \s-1LDBL_MANT_DIG\s0 \s-1LDBL_MAX\s0 \s-1LDBL_MAX_10_EXP\s0 \s-1LDBL_MAX_EXP\s0 \s-1LDBL_MIN\s0 \s-1LDBL_MIN_10_EXP\s0 \s-1LDBL_MIN_EXP\s0 |
| 1874 | .SH "LIMITS" |
| 1875 | .IX Header "LIMITS" |
| 1876 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1877 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1878 | \&\s-1ARG_MAX\s0 \s-1CHAR_BIT\s0 \s-1CHAR_MAX\s0 \s-1CHAR_MIN\s0 \s-1CHILD_MAX\s0 \s-1INT_MAX\s0 \s-1INT_MIN\s0 \s-1LINK_MAX\s0 \s-1LONG_MAX\s0 \s-1LONG_MIN\s0 \s-1MAX_CANON\s0 \s-1MAX_INPUT\s0 \s-1MB_LEN_MAX\s0 \s-1NAME_MAX\s0 \s-1NGROUPS_MAX\s0 \s-1OPEN_MAX\s0 \s-1PATH_MAX\s0 \s-1PIPE_BUF\s0 \s-1SCHAR_MAX\s0 \s-1SCHAR_MIN\s0 \s-1SHRT_MAX\s0 \s-1SHRT_MIN\s0 \s-1SSIZE_MAX\s0 \s-1STREAM_MAX\s0 \s-1TZNAME_MAX\s0 \s-1UCHAR_MAX\s0 \s-1UINT_MAX\s0 \s-1ULONG_MAX\s0 \s-1USHRT_MAX\s0 |
| 1879 | .SH "LOCALE" |
| 1880 | .IX Header "LOCALE" |
| 1881 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1882 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1883 | \&\s-1LC_ALL\s0 \s-1LC_COLLATE\s0 \s-1LC_CTYPE\s0 \s-1LC_MONETARY\s0 \s-1LC_NUMERIC\s0 \s-1LC_TIME\s0 |
| 1884 | .SH "MATH" |
| 1885 | .IX Header "MATH" |
| 1886 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1887 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1888 | \&\s-1HUGE_VAL\s0 |
| 1889 | .SH "SIGNAL" |
| 1890 | .IX Header "SIGNAL" |
| 1891 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1892 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1893 | \&\s-1SA_NOCLDSTOP\s0 \s-1SA_NOCLDWAIT\s0 \s-1SA_NODEFER\s0 \s-1SA_ONSTACK\s0 \s-1SA_RESETHAND\s0 \s-1SA_RESTART\s0 |
| 1894 | \&\s-1SA_SIGINFO\s0 \s-1SIGABRT\s0 \s-1SIGALRM\s0 \s-1SIGCHLD\s0 \s-1SIGCONT\s0 \s-1SIGFPE\s0 \s-1SIGHUP\s0 \s-1SIGILL\s0 \s-1SIGINT\s0 |
| 1895 | \&\s-1SIGKILL\s0 \s-1SIGPIPE\s0 \s-1SIGQUIT\s0 \s-1SIGSEGV\s0 \s-1SIGSTOP\s0 \s-1SIGTERM\s0 \s-1SIGTSTP\s0 \s-1SIGTTIN\s0 \s-1SIGTTOU\s0 |
| 1896 | \&\s-1SIGUSR1\s0 \s-1SIGUSR2\s0 \s-1SIG_BLOCK\s0 \s-1SIG_DFL\s0 \s-1SIG_ERR\s0 \s-1SIG_IGN\s0 \s-1SIG_SETMASK\s0 |
| 1897 | \&\s-1SIG_UNBLOCK\s0 |
| 1898 | .SH "STAT" |
| 1899 | .IX Header "STAT" |
| 1900 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1901 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1902 | S_IRGRP S_IROTH S_IRUSR S_IRWXG S_IRWXO S_IRWXU S_ISGID S_ISUID S_IWGRP S_IWOTH S_IWUSR S_IXGRP S_IXOTH S_IXUSR |
| 1903 | .IP "Macros" 8 |
| 1904 | .IX Item "Macros" |
| 1905 | S_ISBLK S_ISCHR S_ISDIR S_ISFIFO S_ISREG |
| 1906 | .SH "STDLIB" |
| 1907 | .IX Header "STDLIB" |
| 1908 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1909 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1910 | \&\s-1EXIT_FAILURE\s0 \s-1EXIT_SUCCESS\s0 \s-1MB_CUR_MAX\s0 \s-1RAND_MAX\s0 |
| 1911 | .SH "STDIO" |
| 1912 | .IX Header "STDIO" |
| 1913 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1914 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1915 | \&\s-1BUFSIZ\s0 \s-1EOF\s0 \s-1FILENAME_MAX\s0 L_ctermid L_cuserid L_tmpname \s-1TMP_MAX\s0 |
| 1916 | .SH "TIME" |
| 1917 | .IX Header "TIME" |
| 1918 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1919 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1920 | \&\s-1CLK_TCK\s0 \s-1CLOCKS_PER_SEC\s0 |
| 1921 | .SH "UNISTD" |
| 1922 | .IX Header "UNISTD" |
| 1923 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1924 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1925 | R_OK \s-1SEEK_CUR\s0 \s-1SEEK_END\s0 \s-1SEEK_SET\s0 \s-1STDIN_FILENO\s0 \s-1STDOUT_FILENO\s0 \s-1STDERR_FILENO\s0 W_OK X_OK |
| 1926 | .SH "WAIT" |
| 1927 | .IX Header "WAIT" |
| 1928 | .IP "Constants" 8 |
| 1929 | .IX Item "Constants" |
| 1930 | \&\s-1WNOHANG\s0 \s-1WUNTRACED\s0 |
| 1931 | .RS 8 |
| 1932 | .IP "\s-1WNOHANG\s0" 16 |
| 1933 | .IX Item "WNOHANG" |
| 1934 | Do not suspend the calling process until a child process |
| 1935 | changes state but instead return immediately. |
| 1936 | .IP "\s-1WUNTRACED\s0" 16 |
| 1937 | .IX Item "WUNTRACED" |
| 1938 | Catch stopped child processes. |
| 1939 | .RE |
| 1940 | .RS 8 |
| 1941 | .RE |
| 1942 | .IP "Macros" 8 |
| 1943 | .IX Item "Macros" |
| 1944 | \&\s-1WIFEXITED\s0 \s-1WEXITSTATUS\s0 \s-1WIFSIGNALED\s0 \s-1WTERMSIG\s0 \s-1WIFSTOPPED\s0 \s-1WSTOPSIG\s0 |
| 1945 | .RS 8 |
| 1946 | .IP "\s-1WIFEXITED\s0" 16 |
| 1947 | .IX Item "WIFEXITED" |
| 1948 | \&\s-1WIFEXITED\s0($?) returns true if the child process exited normally |
| 1949 | (\f(CW\*(C`exit()\*(C'\fR or by falling off the end of \f(CW\*(C`main()\*(C'\fR) |
| 1950 | .IP "\s-1WEXITSTATUS\s0" 16 |
| 1951 | .IX Item "WEXITSTATUS" |
| 1952 | \&\s-1WEXITSTATUS\s0($?) returns the normal exit status of the child process |
| 1953 | (only meaningful if \s-1WIFEXITED\s0($?) is true) |
| 1954 | .IP "\s-1WIFSIGNALED\s0" 16 |
| 1955 | .IX Item "WIFSIGNALED" |
| 1956 | \&\s-1WIFSIGNALED\s0($?) returns true if the child process terminated because |
| 1957 | of a signal |
| 1958 | .IP "\s-1WTERMSIG\s0" 16 |
| 1959 | .IX Item "WTERMSIG" |
| 1960 | \&\s-1WTERMSIG\s0($?) returns the signal the child process terminated for |
| 1961 | (only meaningful if \s-1WIFSIGNALED\s0($?) is true) |
| 1962 | .IP "\s-1WIFSTOPPED\s0" 16 |
| 1963 | .IX Item "WIFSTOPPED" |
| 1964 | \&\s-1WIFSTOPPED\s0($?) returns true if the child process is currently stopped |
| 1965 | (can happen only if you specified the \s-1WUNTRACED\s0 flag to \fIwaitpid()\fR) |
| 1966 | .IP "\s-1WSTOPSIG\s0" 16 |
| 1967 | .IX Item "WSTOPSIG" |
| 1968 | \&\s-1WSTOPSIG\s0($?) returns the signal the child process was stopped for |
| 1969 | (only meaningful if \s-1WIFSTOPPED\s0($?) is true) |
| 1970 | .RE |
| 1971 | .RS 8 |
| 1972 | .RE |