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| 33 | <H1>GNU Readline Library</H1></P><P> |
| 34 | |
| 35 | This document describes the end user interface of the GNU Readline Library, |
| 36 | a utility which aids in the consistency of user interface across discrete |
| 37 | programs which provide a command line interface. |
| 38 | </P><P> |
| 39 | |
| 40 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 41 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">GNU Readline User's Manual.</TD></TR> |
| 42 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. Copying This Manual</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"></TD></TR> |
| 43 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 44 | <P> |
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| 56 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
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| 58 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 59 | <A NAME="Command Line Editing"></A> |
| 60 | <H1> 1. Command Line Editing </H1> |
| 61 | <!--docid::SEC1::--> |
| 62 | <P> |
| 63 | |
| 64 | This chapter describes the basic features of the GNU |
| 65 | command line editing interface. |
| 66 | </P><P> |
| 67 | |
| 68 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 69 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Notation used in this text.</TD></TR> |
| 70 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The minimum set of commands for editing a line.</TD></TR> |
| 71 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Customizing Readline from a user's view.</TD></TR> |
| 72 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A description of most of the Readline commands |
| 73 | available for binding</TD></TR> |
| 74 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">A short description of how to make Readline |
| 75 | behave like the vi editor.</TD></TR> |
| 76 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 77 | <P> |
| 78 | |
| 79 | <A NAME="Introduction and Notation"></A> |
| 80 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 81 | <A NAME="SEC2"></A> |
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| 89 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 90 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 91 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 92 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 93 | <H2> 1.1 Introduction to Line Editing </H2> |
| 94 | <!--docid::SEC2::--> |
| 95 | <P> |
| 96 | |
| 97 | The following paragraphs describe the notation used to represent |
| 98 | keystrokes. |
| 99 | </P><P> |
| 100 | |
| 101 | The text <KBD>C-k</KBD> is read as `Control-K' and describes the character |
| 102 | produced when the <KBD>k</KBD> key is pressed while the Control key |
| 103 | is depressed. |
| 104 | </P><P> |
| 105 | |
| 106 | The text <KBD>M-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-K' and describes the character |
| 107 | produced when the Meta key (if you have one) is depressed, and the <KBD>k</KBD> |
| 108 | key is pressed. |
| 109 | The Meta key is labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> on many keyboards. |
| 110 | On keyboards with two keys labeled <KBD>ALT</KBD> (usually to either side of |
| 111 | the space bar), the <KBD>ALT</KBD> on the left side is generally set to |
| 112 | work as a Meta key. |
| 113 | The <KBD>ALT</KBD> key on the right may also be configured to work as a |
| 114 | Meta key or may be configured as some other modifier, such as a |
| 115 | Compose key for typing accented characters. |
| 116 | </P><P> |
| 117 | |
| 118 | If you do not have a Meta or <KBD>ALT</KBD> key, or another key working as |
| 119 | a Meta key, the identical keystroke can be generated by typing <KBD>ESC</KBD> |
| 120 | <EM>first</EM>, and then typing <KBD>k</KBD>. |
| 121 | Either process is known as <EM>metafying</EM> the <KBD>k</KBD> key. |
| 122 | </P><P> |
| 123 | |
| 124 | The text <KBD>M-C-k</KBD> is read as `Meta-Control-k' and describes the |
| 125 | character produced by <EM>metafying</EM> <KBD>C-k</KBD>. |
| 126 | </P><P> |
| 127 | |
| 128 | In addition, several keys have their own names. Specifically, |
| 129 | <KBD>DEL</KBD>, <KBD>ESC</KBD>, <KBD>LFD</KBD>, <KBD>SPC</KBD>, <KBD>RET</KBD>, and <KBD>TAB</KBD> all |
| 130 | stand for themselves when seen in this text, or in an init file |
| 131 | (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A>). |
| 132 | If your keyboard lacks a <KBD>LFD</KBD> key, typing <KBD>C-j</KBD> will |
| 133 | produce the desired character. |
| 134 | The <KBD>RET</KBD> key may be labeled <KBD>Return</KBD> or <KBD>Enter</KBD> on |
| 135 | some keyboards. |
| 136 | </P><P> |
| 137 | |
| 138 | <A NAME="Readline Interaction"></A> |
| 139 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 140 | <A NAME="SEC3"></A> |
| 141 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
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| 148 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 149 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 150 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 151 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 152 | <H2> 1.2 Readline Interaction </H2> |
| 153 | <!--docid::SEC3::--> |
| 154 | <P> |
| 155 | |
| 156 | Often during an interactive session you type in a long line of text, |
| 157 | only to notice that the first word on the line is misspelled. The |
| 158 | Readline library gives you a set of commands for manipulating the text |
| 159 | as you type it in, allowing you to just fix your typo, and not forcing |
| 160 | you to retype the majority of the line. Using these editing commands, |
| 161 | you move the cursor to the place that needs correction, and delete or |
| 162 | insert the text of the corrections. Then, when you are satisfied with |
| 163 | the line, you simply press <KBD>RET</KBD>. You do not have to be at the |
| 164 | end of the line to press <KBD>RET</KBD>; the entire line is accepted |
| 165 | regardless of the location of the cursor within the line. |
| 166 | </P><P> |
| 167 | |
| 168 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 169 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">The least you need to know about Readline.</TD></TR> |
| 170 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the input line.</TD></TR> |
| 171 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">How to delete text, and how to get it back!</TD></TR> |
| 172 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Giving numeric arguments to commands.</TD></TR> |
| 173 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Searching through previous lines.</TD></TR> |
| 174 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 175 | <P> |
| 176 | |
| 177 | <A NAME="Readline Bare Essentials"></A> |
| 178 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 179 | <A NAME="SEC4"></A> |
| 180 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
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| 185 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 186 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 187 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 188 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 189 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 190 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 191 | <H3> 1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials </H3> |
| 192 | <!--docid::SEC4::--> |
| 193 | <P> |
| 194 | |
| 195 | In order to enter characters into the line, simply type them. The typed |
| 196 | character appears where the cursor was, and then the cursor moves one |
| 197 | space to the right. If you mistype a character, you can use your |
| 198 | erase character to back up and delete the mistyped character. |
| 199 | </P><P> |
| 200 | |
| 201 | Sometimes you may mistype a character, and |
| 202 | not notice the error until you have typed several other characters. In |
| 203 | that case, you can type <KBD>C-b</KBD> to move the cursor to the left, and then |
| 204 | correct your mistake. Afterwards, you can move the cursor to the right |
| 205 | with <KBD>C-f</KBD>. |
| 206 | </P><P> |
| 207 | |
| 208 | When you add text in the middle of a line, you will notice that characters |
| 209 | to the right of the cursor are `pushed over' to make room for the text |
| 210 | that you have inserted. Likewise, when you delete text behind the cursor, |
| 211 | characters to the right of the cursor are `pulled back' to fill in the |
| 212 | blank space created by the removal of the text. A list of the bare |
| 213 | essentials for editing the text of an input line follows. |
| 214 | </P><P> |
| 215 | |
| 216 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 217 | <DT><KBD>C-b</KBD> |
| 218 | <DD>Move back one character. |
| 219 | <DT><KBD>C-f</KBD> |
| 220 | <DD>Move forward one character. |
| 221 | <DT><KBD>DEL</KBD> or <KBD>Backspace</KBD> |
| 222 | <DD>Delete the character to the left of the cursor. |
| 223 | <DT><KBD>C-d</KBD> |
| 224 | <DD>Delete the character underneath the cursor. |
| 225 | <DT>Printing characters |
| 226 | <DD>Insert the character into the line at the cursor. |
| 227 | <DT><KBD>C-_</KBD> or <KBD>C-x C-u</KBD> |
| 228 | <DD>Undo the last editing command. You can undo all the way back to an |
| 229 | empty line. |
| 230 | </DL> |
| 231 | <P> |
| 232 | |
| 233 | (Depending on your configuration, the <KBD>Backspace</KBD> key be set to |
| 234 | delete the character to the left of the cursor and the <KBD>DEL</KBD> key set |
| 235 | to delete the character underneath the cursor, like <KBD>C-d</KBD>, rather |
| 236 | than the character to the left of the cursor.) |
| 237 | </P><P> |
| 238 | |
| 239 | <A NAME="Readline Movement Commands"></A> |
| 240 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 241 | <A NAME="SEC5"></A> |
| 242 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
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| 249 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 250 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 251 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 252 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 253 | <H3> 1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands </H3> |
| 254 | <!--docid::SEC5::--> |
| 255 | <P> |
| 256 | |
| 257 | The above table describes the most basic keystrokes that you need |
| 258 | in order to do editing of the input line. For your convenience, many |
| 259 | other commands have been added in addition to <KBD>C-b</KBD>, <KBD>C-f</KBD>, |
| 260 | <KBD>C-d</KBD>, and <KBD>DEL</KBD>. Here are some commands for moving more rapidly |
| 261 | about the line. |
| 262 | </P><P> |
| 263 | |
| 264 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 265 | <DT><KBD>C-a</KBD> |
| 266 | <DD>Move to the start of the line. |
| 267 | <DT><KBD>C-e</KBD> |
| 268 | <DD>Move to the end of the line. |
| 269 | <DT><KBD>M-f</KBD> |
| 270 | <DD>Move forward a word, where a word is composed of letters and digits. |
| 271 | <DT><KBD>M-b</KBD> |
| 272 | <DD>Move backward a word. |
| 273 | <DT><KBD>C-l</KBD> |
| 274 | <DD>Clear the screen, reprinting the current line at the top. |
| 275 | </DL> |
| 276 | <P> |
| 277 | |
| 278 | Notice how <KBD>C-f</KBD> moves forward a character, while <KBD>M-f</KBD> moves |
| 279 | forward a word. It is a loose convention that control keystrokes |
| 280 | operate on characters while meta keystrokes operate on words. |
| 281 | </P><P> |
| 282 | |
| 283 | <A NAME="Readline Killing Commands"></A> |
| 284 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 285 | <A NAME="SEC6"></A> |
| 286 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
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| 293 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 294 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 295 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 296 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 297 | <H3> 1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands </H3> |
| 298 | <!--docid::SEC6::--> |
| 299 | <P> |
| 300 | |
| 301 | <A NAME="IDX1"></A> |
| 302 | <A NAME="IDX2"></A> |
| 303 | </P><P> |
| 304 | |
| 305 | <EM>Killing</EM> text means to delete the text from the line, but to save |
| 306 | it away for later use, usually by <EM>yanking</EM> (re-inserting) |
| 307 | it back into the line. |
| 308 | (`Cut' and `paste' are more recent jargon for `kill' and `yank'.) |
| 309 | </P><P> |
| 310 | |
| 311 | If the description for a command says that it `kills' text, then you can |
| 312 | be sure that you can get the text back in a different (or the same) |
| 313 | place later. |
| 314 | </P><P> |
| 315 | |
| 316 | When you use a kill command, the text is saved in a <EM>kill-ring</EM>. |
| 317 | Any number of consecutive kills save all of the killed text together, so |
| 318 | that when you yank it back, you get it all. The kill |
| 319 | ring is not line specific; the text that you killed on a previously |
| 320 | typed line is available to be yanked back later, when you are typing |
| 321 | another line. |
| 322 | <A NAME="IDX3"></A> |
| 323 | </P><P> |
| 324 | |
| 325 | Here is the list of commands for killing text. |
| 326 | </P><P> |
| 327 | |
| 328 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 329 | <DT><KBD>C-k</KBD> |
| 330 | <DD>Kill the text from the current cursor position to the end of the line. |
| 331 | <P> |
| 332 | |
| 333 | <DT><KBD>M-d</KBD> |
| 334 | <DD>Kill from the cursor to the end of the current word, or, if between |
| 335 | words, to the end of the next word. |
| 336 | Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-f</KBD>. |
| 337 | <P> |
| 338 | |
| 339 | <DT><KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> |
| 340 | <DD>Kill from the cursor the start of the current word, or, if between |
| 341 | words, to the start of the previous word. |
| 342 | Word boundaries are the same as those used by <KBD>M-b</KBD>. |
| 343 | <P> |
| 344 | |
| 345 | <DT><KBD>C-w</KBD> |
| 346 | <DD>Kill from the cursor to the previous whitespace. This is different than |
| 347 | <KBD>M-<KBD>DEL</KBD></KBD> because the word boundaries differ. |
| 348 | <P> |
| 349 | |
| 350 | </DL> |
| 351 | <P> |
| 352 | |
| 353 | Here is how to <EM>yank</EM> the text back into the line. Yanking |
| 354 | means to copy the most-recently-killed text from the kill buffer. |
| 355 | </P><P> |
| 356 | |
| 357 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 358 | <DT><KBD>C-y</KBD> |
| 359 | <DD>Yank the most recently killed text back into the buffer at the cursor. |
| 360 | <P> |
| 361 | |
| 362 | <DT><KBD>M-y</KBD> |
| 363 | <DD>Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if |
| 364 | the prior command is <KBD>C-y</KBD> or <KBD>M-y</KBD>. |
| 365 | </DL> |
| 366 | <P> |
| 367 | |
| 368 | <A NAME="Readline Arguments"></A> |
| 369 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 370 | <A NAME="SEC7"></A> |
| 371 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 372 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 373 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 374 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 375 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 376 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 377 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 378 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 379 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 380 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 381 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 382 | <H3> 1.2.4 Readline Arguments </H3> |
| 383 | <!--docid::SEC7::--> |
| 384 | <P> |
| 385 | |
| 386 | You can pass numeric arguments to Readline commands. Sometimes the |
| 387 | argument acts as a repeat count, other times it is the <I>sign</I> of the |
| 388 | argument that is significant. If you pass a negative argument to a |
| 389 | command which normally acts in a forward direction, that command will |
| 390 | act in a backward direction. For example, to kill text back to the |
| 391 | start of the line, you might type <SAMP>`M-- C-k'</SAMP>. |
| 392 | </P><P> |
| 393 | |
| 394 | The general way to pass numeric arguments to a command is to type meta |
| 395 | digits before the command. If the first `digit' typed is a minus |
| 396 | sign (<SAMP>`-'</SAMP>), then the sign of the argument will be negative. Once |
| 397 | you have typed one meta digit to get the argument started, you can type |
| 398 | the remainder of the digits, and then the command. For example, to give |
| 399 | the <KBD>C-d</KBD> command an argument of 10, you could type <SAMP>`M-1 0 C-d'</SAMP>, |
| 400 | which will delete the next ten characters on the input line. |
| 401 | </P><P> |
| 402 | |
| 403 | <A NAME="Searching"></A> |
| 404 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 405 | <A NAME="SEC8"></A> |
| 406 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 407 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 408 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 409 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 410 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 411 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 412 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 413 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 414 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 415 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 416 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 417 | <H3> 1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History </H3> |
| 418 | <!--docid::SEC8::--> |
| 419 | <P> |
| 420 | |
| 421 | Readline provides commands for searching through the command history |
| 422 | for lines containing a specified string. |
| 423 | There are two search modes: <EM>incremental</EM> and <EM>non-incremental</EM>. |
| 424 | </P><P> |
| 425 | |
| 426 | Incremental searches begin before the user has finished typing the |
| 427 | search string. |
| 428 | As each character of the search string is typed, Readline displays |
| 429 | the next entry from the history matching the string typed so far. |
| 430 | An incremental search requires only as many characters as needed to |
| 431 | find the desired history entry. |
| 432 | To search backward in the history for a particular string, type |
| 433 | <KBD>C-r</KBD>. Typing <KBD>C-s</KBD> searches forward through the history. |
| 434 | The characters present in the value of the <CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> variable |
| 435 | are used to terminate an incremental search. |
| 436 | If that variable has not been assigned a value, the <KBD>ESC</KBD> and |
| 437 | <KBD>C-J</KBD> characters will terminate an incremental search. |
| 438 | <KBD>C-g</KBD> will abort an incremental search and restore the original line. |
| 439 | When the search is terminated, the history entry containing the |
| 440 | search string becomes the current line. |
| 441 | </P><P> |
| 442 | |
| 443 | To find other matching entries in the history list, type <KBD>C-r</KBD> or |
| 444 | <KBD>C-s</KBD> as appropriate. |
| 445 | This will search backward or forward in the history for the next |
| 446 | entry matching the search string typed so far. |
| 447 | Any other key sequence bound to a Readline command will terminate |
| 448 | the search and execute that command. |
| 449 | For instance, a <KBD>RET</KBD> will terminate the search and accept |
| 450 | the line, thereby executing the command from the history list. |
| 451 | A movement command will terminate the search, make the last line found |
| 452 | the current line, and begin editing. |
| 453 | </P><P> |
| 454 | |
| 455 | Readline remembers the last incremental search string. If two |
| 456 | <KBD>C-r</KBD>s are typed without any intervening characters defining a new |
| 457 | search string, any remembered search string is used. |
| 458 | </P><P> |
| 459 | |
| 460 | Non-incremental searches read the entire search string before starting |
| 461 | to search for matching history lines. The search string may be |
| 462 | typed by the user or be part of the contents of the current line. |
| 463 | </P><P> |
| 464 | |
| 465 | <A NAME="Readline Init File"></A> |
| 466 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 467 | <A NAME="SEC9"></A> |
| 468 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 469 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 470 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 471 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 472 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 473 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 474 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 475 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 476 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 477 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 478 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 479 | <H2> 1.3 Readline Init File </H2> |
| 480 | <!--docid::SEC9::--> |
| 481 | <P> |
| 482 | |
| 483 | Although the Readline library comes with a set of Emacs-like |
| 484 | keybindings installed by default, it is possible to use a different set |
| 485 | of keybindings. |
| 486 | Any user can customize programs that use Readline by putting |
| 487 | commands in an <EM>inputrc</EM> file, conventionally in his home directory. |
| 488 | The name of this |
| 489 | file is taken from the value of the environment variable <CODE>INPUTRC</CODE>. If |
| 490 | that variable is unset, the default is <TT>`~/.inputrc'</TT>. |
| 491 | </P><P> |
| 492 | |
| 493 | When a program which uses the Readline library starts up, the |
| 494 | init file is read, and the key bindings are set. |
| 495 | </P><P> |
| 496 | |
| 497 | In addition, the <CODE>C-x C-r</CODE> command re-reads this init file, thus |
| 498 | incorporating any changes that you might have made to it. |
| 499 | </P><P> |
| 500 | |
| 501 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 502 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Syntax for the commands in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> |
| 503 | </TABLE> |
| 504 | |
| 505 | <br> |
| 506 | <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 507 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Conditional key bindings in the inputrc file.</TD></TR> |
| 508 | </TABLE> |
| 509 | |
| 510 | <br> |
| 511 | <TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 512 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">An example inputrc file.</TD></TR> |
| 513 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 514 | <P> |
| 515 | |
| 516 | <A NAME="Readline Init File Syntax"></A> |
| 517 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 518 | <A NAME="SEC10"></A> |
| 519 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 520 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 521 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 522 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 523 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 524 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 525 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 526 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 527 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 528 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 529 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 530 | <H3> 1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax </H3> |
| 531 | <!--docid::SEC10::--> |
| 532 | <P> |
| 533 | |
| 534 | There are only a few basic constructs allowed in the |
| 535 | Readline init file. Blank lines are ignored. |
| 536 | Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`#'</SAMP> are comments. |
| 537 | Lines beginning with a <SAMP>`$'</SAMP> indicate conditional |
| 538 | constructs (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A>). Other lines |
| 539 | denote variable settings and key bindings. |
| 540 | </P><P> |
| 541 | |
| 542 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 543 | <DT>Variable Settings |
| 544 | <DD>You can modify the run-time behavior of Readline by |
| 545 | altering the values of variables in Readline |
| 546 | using the <CODE>set</CODE> command within the init file. |
| 547 | The syntax is simple: |
| 548 | <P> |
| 549 | |
| 550 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set <VAR>variable</VAR> <VAR>value</VAR> |
| 551 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 552 | |
| 553 | Here, for example, is how to |
| 554 | change from the default Emacs-like key binding to use |
| 555 | <CODE>vi</CODE> line editing commands: |
| 556 | </P><P> |
| 557 | |
| 558 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>set editing-mode vi |
| 559 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 560 | |
| 561 | Variable names and values, where appropriate, are recognized without regard |
| 562 | to case. |
| 563 | </P><P> |
| 564 | |
| 565 | A great deal of run-time behavior is changeable with the following |
| 566 | variables. |
| 567 | </P><P> |
| 568 | |
| 569 | <A NAME="IDX4"></A> |
| 570 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 571 | |
| 572 | <DT><CODE>bell-style</CODE> |
| 573 | <DD><A NAME="IDX5"></A> |
| 574 | Controls what happens when Readline wants to ring the terminal bell. |
| 575 | If set to <SAMP>`none'</SAMP>, Readline never rings the bell. If set to |
| 576 | <SAMP>`visible'</SAMP>, Readline uses a visible bell if one is available. |
| 577 | If set to <SAMP>`audible'</SAMP> (the default), Readline attempts to ring |
| 578 | the terminal's bell. |
| 579 | <P> |
| 580 | |
| 581 | <DT><CODE>comment-begin</CODE> |
| 582 | <DD><A NAME="IDX6"></A> |
| 583 | The string to insert at the beginning of the line when the |
| 584 | <CODE>insert-comment</CODE> command is executed. The default value |
| 585 | is <CODE>"#"</CODE>. |
| 586 | <P> |
| 587 | |
| 588 | <DT><CODE>completion-ignore-case</CODE> |
| 589 | <DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline performs filename matching and completion |
| 590 | in a case-insensitive fashion. |
| 591 | The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 592 | <P> |
| 593 | |
| 594 | <DT><CODE>completion-query-items</CODE> |
| 595 | <DD><A NAME="IDX7"></A> |
| 596 | The number of possible completions that determines when the user is |
| 597 | asked whether the list of possibilities should be displayed. |
| 598 | If the number of possible completions is greater than this value, |
| 599 | Readline will ask the user whether or not he wishes to view |
| 600 | them; otherwise, they are simply listed. |
| 601 | This variable must be set to an integer value greater than or equal to 0. |
| 602 | The default limit is <CODE>100</CODE>. |
| 603 | <P> |
| 604 | |
| 605 | <DT><CODE>convert-meta</CODE> |
| 606 | <DD><A NAME="IDX8"></A> |
| 607 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will convert characters with the |
| 608 | eighth bit set to an ASCII key sequence by stripping the eighth |
| 609 | bit and prefixing an <KBD>ESC</KBD> character, converting them to a |
| 610 | meta-prefixed key sequence. The default value is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. |
| 611 | <P> |
| 612 | |
| 613 | <DT><CODE>disable-completion</CODE> |
| 614 | <DD><A NAME="IDX9"></A> |
| 615 | If set to <SAMP>`On'</SAMP>, Readline will inhibit word completion. |
| 616 | Completion characters will be inserted into the line as if they had |
| 617 | been mapped to <CODE>self-insert</CODE>. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 618 | <P> |
| 619 | |
| 620 | <DT><CODE>editing-mode</CODE> |
| 621 | <DD><A NAME="IDX10"></A> |
| 622 | The <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable controls which default set of |
| 623 | key bindings is used. By default, Readline starts up in Emacs editing |
| 624 | mode, where the keystrokes are most similar to Emacs. This variable can be |
| 625 | set to either <SAMP>`emacs'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`vi'</SAMP>. |
| 626 | <P> |
| 627 | |
| 628 | <DT><CODE>enable-keypad</CODE> |
| 629 | <DD><A NAME="IDX11"></A> |
| 630 | When set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will try to enable the application |
| 631 | keypad when it is called. Some systems need this to enable the |
| 632 | arrow keys. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 633 | <P> |
| 634 | |
| 635 | <DT><CODE>expand-tilde</CODE> |
| 636 | <DD><A NAME="IDX12"></A> |
| 637 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, tilde expansion is performed when Readline |
| 638 | attempts word completion. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 639 | <P> |
| 640 | |
| 641 | <A NAME="IDX13"></A> |
| 642 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, the history code attempts to place point at the |
| 643 | same location on each history line retrieved with <CODE>previous-history</CODE> |
| 644 | or <CODE>next-history</CODE>. |
| 645 | </P><P> |
| 646 | |
| 647 | <DT><CODE>horizontal-scroll-mode</CODE> |
| 648 | <DD><A NAME="IDX14"></A> |
| 649 | This variable can be set to either <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> or <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. Setting it |
| 650 | to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> means that the text of the lines being edited will scroll |
| 651 | horizontally on a single screen line when they are longer than the width |
| 652 | of the screen, instead of wrapping onto a new screen line. By default, |
| 653 | this variable is set to <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 654 | <P> |
| 655 | |
| 656 | <DT><CODE>input-meta</CODE> |
| 657 | <DD><A NAME="IDX15"></A> |
| 658 | <A NAME="IDX16"></A> |
| 659 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will enable eight-bit input (it |
| 660 | will not clear the eighth bit in the characters it reads), |
| 661 | regardless of what the terminal claims it can support. The |
| 662 | default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. The name <CODE>meta-flag</CODE> is a |
| 663 | synonym for this variable. |
| 664 | <P> |
| 665 | |
| 666 | <DT><CODE>isearch-terminators</CODE> |
| 667 | <DD><A NAME="IDX17"></A> |
| 668 | The string of characters that should terminate an incremental search without |
| 669 | subsequently executing the character as a command (see section <A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A>). |
| 670 | If this variable has not been given a value, the characters <KBD>ESC</KBD> and |
| 671 | <KBD>C-J</KBD> will terminate an incremental search. |
| 672 | <P> |
| 673 | |
| 674 | <DT><CODE>keymap</CODE> |
| 675 | <DD><A NAME="IDX18"></A> |
| 676 | Sets Readline's idea of the current keymap for key binding commands. |
| 677 | Acceptable <CODE>keymap</CODE> names are |
| 678 | <CODE>emacs</CODE>, |
| 679 | <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>, |
| 680 | <CODE>emacs-meta</CODE>, |
| 681 | <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE>, |
| 682 | <CODE>vi</CODE>, |
| 683 | <CODE>vi-move</CODE>, |
| 684 | <CODE>vi-command</CODE>, and |
| 685 | <CODE>vi-insert</CODE>. |
| 686 | <CODE>vi</CODE> is equivalent to <CODE>vi-command</CODE>; <CODE>emacs</CODE> is |
| 687 | equivalent to <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE>. The default value is <CODE>emacs</CODE>. |
| 688 | The value of the <CODE>editing-mode</CODE> variable also affects the |
| 689 | default keymap. |
| 690 | <P> |
| 691 | |
| 692 | <DT><CODE>mark-directories</CODE> |
| 693 | <DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed directory names have a slash |
| 694 | appended. The default is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>. |
| 695 | <P> |
| 696 | |
| 697 | <DT><CODE>mark-modified-lines</CODE> |
| 698 | <DD><A NAME="IDX19"></A> |
| 699 | This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to display an |
| 700 | asterisk (<SAMP>`*'</SAMP>) at the start of history lines which have been modified. |
| 701 | This variable is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP> by default. |
| 702 | <P> |
| 703 | |
| 704 | <DT><CODE>mark-symlinked-directories</CODE> |
| 705 | <DD><A NAME="IDX20"></A> |
| 706 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, completed names which are symbolic links |
| 707 | to directories have a slash appended (subject to the value of |
| 708 | <CODE>mark-directories</CODE>). |
| 709 | The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 710 | <P> |
| 711 | |
| 712 | <DT><CODE>match-hidden-files</CODE> |
| 713 | <DD><A NAME="IDX21"></A> |
| 714 | This variable, when set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, causes Readline to match files whose |
| 715 | names begin with a <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> (hidden files) when performing filename |
| 716 | completion, unless the leading <SAMP>`.'</SAMP> is |
| 717 | supplied by the user in the filename to be completed. |
| 718 | This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. |
| 719 | <P> |
| 720 | |
| 721 | <DT><CODE>output-meta</CODE> |
| 722 | <DD><A NAME="IDX22"></A> |
| 723 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display characters with the |
| 724 | eighth bit set directly rather than as a meta-prefixed escape |
| 725 | sequence. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 726 | <P> |
| 727 | |
| 728 | <DT><CODE>page-completions</CODE> |
| 729 | <DD><A NAME="IDX23"></A> |
| 730 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline uses an internal <CODE>more</CODE>-like pager |
| 731 | to display a screenful of possible completions at a time. |
| 732 | This variable is <SAMP>`on'</SAMP> by default. |
| 733 | <P> |
| 734 | |
| 735 | <DT><CODE>print-completions-horizontally</CODE> |
| 736 | <DD>If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, Readline will display completions with matches |
| 737 | sorted horizontally in alphabetical order, rather than down the screen. |
| 738 | The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 739 | <P> |
| 740 | |
| 741 | <DT><CODE>show-all-if-ambiguous</CODE> |
| 742 | <DD><A NAME="IDX24"></A> |
| 743 | This alters the default behavior of the completion functions. If |
| 744 | set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, |
| 745 | words which have more than one possible completion cause the |
| 746 | matches to be listed immediately instead of ringing the bell. |
| 747 | The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 748 | <P> |
| 749 | |
| 750 | <DT><CODE>show-all-if-unmodified</CODE> |
| 751 | <DD><A NAME="IDX25"></A> |
| 752 | This alters the default behavior of the completion functions in |
| 753 | a fashion similar to <VAR>show-all-if-ambiguous</VAR>. |
| 754 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, |
| 755 | words which have more than one possible completion without any |
| 756 | possible partial completion (the possible completions don't share |
| 757 | a common prefix) cause the matches to be listed immediately instead |
| 758 | of ringing the bell. |
| 759 | The default value is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 760 | <P> |
| 761 | |
| 762 | <DT><CODE>visible-stats</CODE> |
| 763 | <DD><A NAME="IDX26"></A> |
| 764 | If set to <SAMP>`on'</SAMP>, a character denoting a file's type |
| 765 | is appended to the filename when listing possible |
| 766 | completions. The default is <SAMP>`off'</SAMP>. |
| 767 | <P> |
| 768 | |
| 769 | </DL> |
| 770 | <P> |
| 771 | |
| 772 | <DT>Key Bindings |
| 773 | <DD>The syntax for controlling key bindings in the init file is |
| 774 | simple. First you need to find the name of the command that you |
| 775 | want to change. The following sections contain tables of the command |
| 776 | name, the default keybinding, if any, and a short description of what |
| 777 | the command does. |
| 778 | <P> |
| 779 | |
| 780 | Once you know the name of the command, simply place on a line |
| 781 | in the init file the name of the key |
| 782 | you wish to bind the command to, a colon, and then the name of the |
| 783 | command. The name of the key |
| 784 | can be expressed in different ways, depending on what you find most |
| 785 | comfortable. |
| 786 | </P><P> |
| 787 | |
| 788 | In addition to command names, readline allows keys to be bound |
| 789 | to a string that is inserted when the key is pressed (a <VAR>macro</VAR>). |
| 790 | </P><P> |
| 791 | |
| 792 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 793 | <DT><VAR>keyname</VAR>: <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> |
| 794 | <DD><VAR>keyname</VAR> is the name of a key spelled out in English. For example: |
| 795 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>Control-u: universal-argument |
| 796 | Meta-Rubout: backward-kill-word |
| 797 | Control-o: "> output" |
| 798 | </pre></td></tr></table><P> |
| 799 | |
| 800 | In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is bound to the function |
| 801 | <CODE>universal-argument</CODE>, |
| 802 | <KBD>M-DEL</KBD> is bound to the function <CODE>backward-kill-word</CODE>, and |
| 803 | <KBD>C-o</KBD> is bound to run the macro |
| 804 | expressed on the right hand side (that is, to insert the text |
| 805 | <SAMP>`> output'</SAMP> into the line). |
| 806 | </P><P> |
| 807 | |
| 808 | A number of symbolic character names are recognized while |
| 809 | processing this key binding syntax: |
| 810 | <VAR>DEL</VAR>, |
| 811 | <VAR>ESC</VAR>, |
| 812 | <VAR>ESCAPE</VAR>, |
| 813 | <VAR>LFD</VAR>, |
| 814 | <VAR>NEWLINE</VAR>, |
| 815 | <VAR>RET</VAR>, |
| 816 | <VAR>RETURN</VAR>, |
| 817 | <VAR>RUBOUT</VAR>, |
| 818 | <VAR>SPACE</VAR>, |
| 819 | <VAR>SPC</VAR>, |
| 820 | and |
| 821 | <VAR>TAB</VAR>. |
| 822 | </P><P> |
| 823 | |
| 824 | <DT>"<VAR>keyseq</VAR>": <VAR>function-name</VAR> or <VAR>macro</VAR> |
| 825 | <DD><VAR>keyseq</VAR> differs from <VAR>keyname</VAR> above in that strings |
| 826 | denoting an entire key sequence can be specified, by placing |
| 827 | the key sequence in double quotes. Some GNU Emacs style key |
| 828 | escapes can be used, as in the following example, but the |
| 829 | special character names are not recognized. |
| 830 | <P> |
| 831 | |
| 832 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-u": universal-argument |
| 833 | "\C-x\C-r": re-read-init-file |
| 834 | "\e[11~": "Function Key 1" |
| 835 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 836 | |
| 837 | In the above example, <KBD>C-u</KBD> is again bound to the function |
| 838 | <CODE>universal-argument</CODE> (just as it was in the first example), |
| 839 | <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> <KBD>C-r</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to the function <CODE>re-read-init-file</CODE>, |
| 840 | and <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> <KBD>[</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>1</KBD> <KBD>~</KBD>'</SAMP> is bound to insert |
| 841 | the text <SAMP>`Function Key 1'</SAMP>. |
| 842 | </P><P> |
| 843 | |
| 844 | </DL> |
| 845 | <P> |
| 846 | |
| 847 | The following GNU Emacs style escape sequences are available when |
| 848 | specifying key sequences: |
| 849 | </P><P> |
| 850 | |
| 851 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 852 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\C-</KBD></CODE> |
| 853 | <DD>control prefix |
| 854 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\M-</KBD></CODE> |
| 855 | <DD>meta prefix |
| 856 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\e</KBD></CODE> |
| 857 | <DD>an escape character |
| 858 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\\</KBD></CODE> |
| 859 | <DD>backslash |
| 860 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\"</KBD></CODE> |
| 861 | <DD><KBD>"</KBD>, a double quotation mark |
| 862 | <DT><CODE><KBD>\'</KBD></CODE> |
| 863 | <DD><KBD>'</KBD>, a single quote or apostrophe |
| 864 | </DL> |
| 865 | <P> |
| 866 | |
| 867 | In addition to the GNU Emacs style escape sequences, a second |
| 868 | set of backslash escapes is available: |
| 869 | </P><P> |
| 870 | |
| 871 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 872 | <DT><CODE>\a</CODE> |
| 873 | <DD>alert (bell) |
| 874 | <DT><CODE>\b</CODE> |
| 875 | <DD>backspace |
| 876 | <DT><CODE>\d</CODE> |
| 877 | <DD>delete |
| 878 | <DT><CODE>\f</CODE> |
| 879 | <DD>form feed |
| 880 | <DT><CODE>\n</CODE> |
| 881 | <DD>newline |
| 882 | <DT><CODE>\r</CODE> |
| 883 | <DD>carriage return |
| 884 | <DT><CODE>\t</CODE> |
| 885 | <DD>horizontal tab |
| 886 | <DT><CODE>\v</CODE> |
| 887 | <DD>vertical tab |
| 888 | <DT><CODE>\<VAR>nnn</VAR></CODE> |
| 889 | <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the octal value <VAR>nnn</VAR> |
| 890 | (one to three digits) |
| 891 | <DT><CODE>\x<VAR>HH</VAR></CODE> |
| 892 | <DD>the eight-bit character whose value is the hexadecimal value <VAR>HH</VAR> |
| 893 | (one or two hex digits) |
| 894 | </DL> |
| 895 | <P> |
| 896 | |
| 897 | When entering the text of a macro, single or double quotes must |
| 898 | be used to indicate a macro definition. |
| 899 | Unquoted text is assumed to be a function name. |
| 900 | In the macro body, the backslash escapes described above are expanded. |
| 901 | Backslash will quote any other character in the macro text, |
| 902 | including <SAMP>`"'</SAMP> and <SAMP>`''</SAMP>. |
| 903 | For example, the following binding will make <SAMP>`<KBD>C-x</KBD> \'</SAMP> |
| 904 | insert a single <SAMP>`\'</SAMP> into the line: |
| 905 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>"\C-x\\": "\\" |
| 906 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 907 | |
| 908 | </DL> |
| 909 | <P> |
| 910 | |
| 911 | <A NAME="Conditional Init Constructs"></A> |
| 912 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 913 | <A NAME="SEC11"></A> |
| 914 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 915 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 916 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 917 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 918 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 919 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 920 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 921 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 922 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 923 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 924 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 925 | <H3> 1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs </H3> |
| 926 | <!--docid::SEC11::--> |
| 927 | <P> |
| 928 | |
| 929 | Readline implements a facility similar in spirit to the conditional |
| 930 | compilation features of the C preprocessor which allows key |
| 931 | bindings and variable settings to be performed as the result |
| 932 | of tests. There are four parser directives used. |
| 933 | </P><P> |
| 934 | |
| 935 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 936 | <DT><CODE>$if</CODE> |
| 937 | <DD>The <CODE>$if</CODE> construct allows bindings to be made based on the |
| 938 | editing mode, the terminal being used, or the application using |
| 939 | Readline. The text of the test extends to the end of the line; |
| 940 | no characters are required to isolate it. |
| 941 | <P> |
| 942 | |
| 943 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 944 | <DT><CODE>mode</CODE> |
| 945 | <DD>The <CODE>mode=</CODE> form of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive is used to test |
| 946 | whether Readline is in <CODE>emacs</CODE> or <CODE>vi</CODE> mode. |
| 947 | This may be used in conjunction |
| 948 | with the <SAMP>`set keymap'</SAMP> command, for instance, to set bindings in |
| 949 | the <CODE>emacs-standard</CODE> and <CODE>emacs-ctlx</CODE> keymaps only if |
| 950 | Readline is starting out in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. |
| 951 | <P> |
| 952 | |
| 953 | <DT><CODE>term</CODE> |
| 954 | <DD>The <CODE>term=</CODE> form may be used to include terminal-specific |
| 955 | key bindings, perhaps to bind the key sequences output by the |
| 956 | terminal's function keys. The word on the right side of the |
| 957 | <SAMP>`='</SAMP> is tested against both the full name of the terminal and |
| 958 | the portion of the terminal name before the first <SAMP>`-'</SAMP>. This |
| 959 | allows <CODE>sun</CODE> to match both <CODE>sun</CODE> and <CODE>sun-cmd</CODE>, |
| 960 | for instance. |
| 961 | <P> |
| 962 | |
| 963 | <DT><CODE>application</CODE> |
| 964 | <DD>The <VAR>application</VAR> construct is used to include |
| 965 | application-specific settings. Each program using the Readline |
| 966 | library sets the <VAR>application name</VAR>, and you can test for |
| 967 | a particular value. |
| 968 | This could be used to bind key sequences to functions useful for |
| 969 | a specific program. For instance, the following command adds a |
| 970 | key sequence that quotes the current or previous word in Bash: |
| 971 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$if Bash |
| 972 | # Quote the current or previous word |
| 973 | "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" |
| 974 | $endif |
| 975 | </pre></td></tr></table></DL> |
| 976 | <P> |
| 977 | |
| 978 | <DT><CODE>$endif</CODE> |
| 979 | <DD>This command, as seen in the previous example, terminates an |
| 980 | <CODE>$if</CODE> command. |
| 981 | <P> |
| 982 | |
| 983 | <DT><CODE>$else</CODE> |
| 984 | <DD>Commands in this branch of the <CODE>$if</CODE> directive are executed if |
| 985 | the test fails. |
| 986 | <P> |
| 987 | |
| 988 | <DT><CODE>$include</CODE> |
| 989 | <DD>This directive takes a single filename as an argument and reads commands |
| 990 | and bindings from that file. |
| 991 | For example, the following directive reads from <TT>`/etc/inputrc'</TT>: |
| 992 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre>$include /etc/inputrc |
| 993 | </pre></td></tr></table></DL> |
| 994 | <P> |
| 995 | |
| 996 | <A NAME="Sample Init File"></A> |
| 997 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 998 | <A NAME="SEC12"></A> |
| 999 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1000 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11"> < </A>]</TD> |
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| 1006 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1007 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1008 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1009 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1010 | <H3> 1.3.3 Sample Init File </H3> |
| 1011 | <!--docid::SEC12::--> |
| 1012 | <P> |
| 1013 | |
| 1014 | Here is an example of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This illustrates key |
| 1015 | binding, variable assignment, and conditional syntax. |
| 1016 | </P><P> |
| 1017 | |
| 1018 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=example><pre># This file controls the behaviour of line input editing for |
| 1019 | # programs that use the GNU Readline library. Existing |
| 1020 | # programs include FTP, Bash, and GDB. |
| 1021 | # |
| 1022 | # You can re-read the inputrc file with C-x C-r. |
| 1023 | # Lines beginning with '#' are comments. |
| 1024 | # |
| 1025 | # First, include any systemwide bindings and variable |
| 1026 | # assignments from /etc/Inputrc |
| 1027 | $include /etc/Inputrc |
| 1028 | |
| 1029 | # |
| 1030 | # Set various bindings for emacs mode. |
| 1031 | |
| 1032 | set editing-mode emacs |
| 1033 | |
| 1034 | $if mode=emacs |
| 1035 | |
| 1036 | Meta-Control-h: backward-kill-word Text after the function name is ignored |
| 1037 | |
| 1038 | # |
| 1039 | # Arrow keys in keypad mode |
| 1040 | # |
| 1041 | #"\M-OD": backward-char |
| 1042 | #"\M-OC": forward-char |
| 1043 | #"\M-OA": previous-history |
| 1044 | #"\M-OB": next-history |
| 1045 | # |
| 1046 | # Arrow keys in ANSI mode |
| 1047 | # |
| 1048 | "\M-[D": backward-char |
| 1049 | "\M-[C": forward-char |
| 1050 | "\M-[A": previous-history |
| 1051 | "\M-[B": next-history |
| 1052 | # |
| 1053 | # Arrow keys in 8 bit keypad mode |
| 1054 | # |
| 1055 | #"\M-\C-OD": backward-char |
| 1056 | #"\M-\C-OC": forward-char |
| 1057 | #"\M-\C-OA": previous-history |
| 1058 | #"\M-\C-OB": next-history |
| 1059 | # |
| 1060 | # Arrow keys in 8 bit ANSI mode |
| 1061 | # |
| 1062 | #"\M-\C-[D": backward-char |
| 1063 | #"\M-\C-[C": forward-char |
| 1064 | #"\M-\C-[A": previous-history |
| 1065 | #"\M-\C-[B": next-history |
| 1066 | |
| 1067 | C-q: quoted-insert |
| 1068 | |
| 1069 | $endif |
| 1070 | |
| 1071 | # An old-style binding. This happens to be the default. |
| 1072 | TAB: complete |
| 1073 | |
| 1074 | # Macros that are convenient for shell interaction |
| 1075 | $if Bash |
| 1076 | # edit the path |
| 1077 | "\C-xp": "PATH=${PATH}\e\C-e\C-a\ef\C-f" |
| 1078 | # prepare to type a quoted word -- |
| 1079 | # insert open and close double quotes |
| 1080 | # and move to just after the open quote |
| 1081 | "\C-x\"": "\"\"\C-b" |
| 1082 | # insert a backslash (testing backslash escapes |
| 1083 | # in sequences and macros) |
| 1084 | "\C-x\\": "\\" |
| 1085 | # Quote the current or previous word |
| 1086 | "\C-xq": "\eb\"\ef\"" |
| 1087 | # Add a binding to refresh the line, which is unbound |
| 1088 | "\C-xr": redraw-current-line |
| 1089 | # Edit variable on current line. |
| 1090 | "\M-\C-v": "\C-a\C-k$\C-y\M-\C-e\C-a\C-y=" |
| 1091 | $endif |
| 1092 | |
| 1093 | # use a visible bell if one is available |
| 1094 | set bell-style visible |
| 1095 | |
| 1096 | # don't strip characters to 7 bits when reading |
| 1097 | set input-meta on |
| 1098 | |
| 1099 | # allow iso-latin1 characters to be inserted rather |
| 1100 | # than converted to prefix-meta sequences |
| 1101 | set convert-meta off |
| 1102 | |
| 1103 | # display characters with the eighth bit set directly |
| 1104 | # rather than as meta-prefixed characters |
| 1105 | set output-meta on |
| 1106 | |
| 1107 | # if there are more than 150 possible completions for |
| 1108 | # a word, ask the user if he wants to see all of them |
| 1109 | set completion-query-items 150 |
| 1110 | |
| 1111 | # For FTP |
| 1112 | $if Ftp |
| 1113 | "\C-xg": "get \M-?" |
| 1114 | "\C-xt": "put \M-?" |
| 1115 | "\M-.": yank-last-arg |
| 1116 | $endif |
| 1117 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 1118 | |
| 1119 | <A NAME="Bindable Readline Commands"></A> |
| 1120 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1121 | <A NAME="SEC13"></A> |
| 1122 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1123 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12"> < </A>]</TD> |
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| 1126 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1127 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1128 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1129 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1130 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1131 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1132 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1133 | <H2> 1.4 Bindable Readline Commands </H2> |
| 1134 | <!--docid::SEC13::--> |
| 1135 | <P> |
| 1136 | |
| 1137 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 1138 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Moving about the line.</TD></TR> |
| 1139 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting at previous lines.</TD></TR> |
| 1140 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for changing text.</TD></TR> |
| 1141 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Commands for killing and yanking.</TD></TR> |
| 1142 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Specifying numeric arguments, repeat counts.</TD></TR> |
| 1143 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Getting Readline to do the typing for you.</TD></TR> |
| 1144 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Saving and re-executing typed characters</TD></TR> |
| 1145 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">Other miscellaneous commands.</TD></TR> |
| 1146 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 1147 | <P> |
| 1148 | |
| 1149 | This section describes Readline commands that may be bound to key |
| 1150 | sequences. |
| 1151 | Command names without an accompanying key sequence are unbound by default. |
| 1152 | </P><P> |
| 1153 | |
| 1154 | In the following descriptions, <EM>point</EM> refers to the current cursor |
| 1155 | position, and <EM>mark</EM> refers to a cursor position saved by the |
| 1156 | <CODE>set-mark</CODE> command. |
| 1157 | The text between the point and mark is referred to as the <EM>region</EM>. |
| 1158 | </P><P> |
| 1159 | |
| 1160 | <A NAME="Commands For Moving"></A> |
| 1161 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1162 | <A NAME="SEC14"></A> |
| 1163 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1164 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1165 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1166 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1167 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1168 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1169 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1170 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1171 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1172 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1173 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1174 | <H3> 1.4.1 Commands For Moving </H3> |
| 1175 | <!--docid::SEC14::--> |
| 1176 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1177 | <A NAME="IDX27"></A> |
| 1178 | <DT><CODE>beginning-of-line (C-a)</CODE> |
| 1179 | <DD><A NAME="IDX28"></A> |
| 1180 | Move to the start of the current line. |
| 1181 | <P> |
| 1182 | |
| 1183 | <A NAME="IDX29"></A> |
| 1184 | <DT><CODE>end-of-line (C-e)</CODE> |
| 1185 | <DD><A NAME="IDX30"></A> |
| 1186 | Move to the end of the line. |
| 1187 | <P> |
| 1188 | |
| 1189 | <A NAME="IDX31"></A> |
| 1190 | <DT><CODE>forward-char (C-f)</CODE> |
| 1191 | <DD><A NAME="IDX32"></A> |
| 1192 | Move forward a character. |
| 1193 | <P> |
| 1194 | |
| 1195 | <A NAME="IDX33"></A> |
| 1196 | <DT><CODE>backward-char (C-b)</CODE> |
| 1197 | <DD><A NAME="IDX34"></A> |
| 1198 | Move back a character. |
| 1199 | <P> |
| 1200 | |
| 1201 | <A NAME="IDX35"></A> |
| 1202 | <DT><CODE>forward-word (M-f)</CODE> |
| 1203 | <DD><A NAME="IDX36"></A> |
| 1204 | Move forward to the end of the next word. Words are composed of |
| 1205 | letters and digits. |
| 1206 | <P> |
| 1207 | |
| 1208 | <A NAME="IDX37"></A> |
| 1209 | <DT><CODE>backward-word (M-b)</CODE> |
| 1210 | <DD><A NAME="IDX38"></A> |
| 1211 | Move back to the start of the current or previous word. Words are |
| 1212 | composed of letters and digits. |
| 1213 | <P> |
| 1214 | |
| 1215 | <A NAME="IDX39"></A> |
| 1216 | <DT><CODE>clear-screen (C-l)</CODE> |
| 1217 | <DD><A NAME="IDX40"></A> |
| 1218 | Clear the screen and redraw the current line, |
| 1219 | leaving the current line at the top of the screen. |
| 1220 | <P> |
| 1221 | |
| 1222 | <A NAME="IDX41"></A> |
| 1223 | <DT><CODE>redraw-current-line ()</CODE> |
| 1224 | <DD><A NAME="IDX42"></A> |
| 1225 | Refresh the current line. By default, this is unbound. |
| 1226 | <P> |
| 1227 | |
| 1228 | </DL> |
| 1229 | <P> |
| 1230 | |
| 1231 | <A NAME="Commands For History"></A> |
| 1232 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1233 | <A NAME="SEC15"></A> |
| 1234 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1235 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1236 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1237 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1238 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1239 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1240 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1241 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1242 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1243 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1244 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1245 | <H3> 1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History </H3> |
| 1246 | <!--docid::SEC15::--> |
| 1247 | <P> |
| 1248 | |
| 1249 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1250 | <A NAME="IDX43"></A> |
| 1251 | <DT><CODE>accept-line (Newline or Return)</CODE> |
| 1252 | <DD><A NAME="IDX44"></A> |
| 1253 | Accept the line regardless of where the cursor is. |
| 1254 | If this line is |
| 1255 | non-empty, it may be added to the history list for future recall with |
| 1256 | <CODE>add_history()</CODE>. |
| 1257 | If this line is a modified history line, the history line is restored |
| 1258 | to its original state. |
| 1259 | <P> |
| 1260 | |
| 1261 | <A NAME="IDX45"></A> |
| 1262 | <DT><CODE>previous-history (C-p)</CODE> |
| 1263 | <DD><A NAME="IDX46"></A> |
| 1264 | Move `back' through the history list, fetching the previous command. |
| 1265 | <P> |
| 1266 | |
| 1267 | <A NAME="IDX47"></A> |
| 1268 | <DT><CODE>next-history (C-n)</CODE> |
| 1269 | <DD><A NAME="IDX48"></A> |
| 1270 | Move `forward' through the history list, fetching the next command. |
| 1271 | <P> |
| 1272 | |
| 1273 | <A NAME="IDX49"></A> |
| 1274 | <DT><CODE>beginning-of-history (M-<)</CODE> |
| 1275 | <DD><A NAME="IDX50"></A> |
| 1276 | Move to the first line in the history. |
| 1277 | <P> |
| 1278 | |
| 1279 | <A NAME="IDX51"></A> |
| 1280 | <DT><CODE>end-of-history (M->)</CODE> |
| 1281 | <DD><A NAME="IDX52"></A> |
| 1282 | Move to the end of the input history, i.e., the line currently |
| 1283 | being entered. |
| 1284 | <P> |
| 1285 | |
| 1286 | <A NAME="IDX53"></A> |
| 1287 | <DT><CODE>reverse-search-history (C-r)</CODE> |
| 1288 | <DD><A NAME="IDX54"></A> |
| 1289 | Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' through |
| 1290 | the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. |
| 1291 | <P> |
| 1292 | |
| 1293 | <A NAME="IDX55"></A> |
| 1294 | <DT><CODE>forward-search-history (C-s)</CODE> |
| 1295 | <DD><A NAME="IDX56"></A> |
| 1296 | Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' through |
| 1297 | the the history as necessary. This is an incremental search. |
| 1298 | <P> |
| 1299 | |
| 1300 | <A NAME="IDX57"></A> |
| 1301 | <DT><CODE>non-incremental-reverse-search-history (M-p)</CODE> |
| 1302 | <DD><A NAME="IDX58"></A> |
| 1303 | Search backward starting at the current line and moving `up' |
| 1304 | through the history as necessary using a non-incremental search |
| 1305 | for a string supplied by the user. |
| 1306 | <P> |
| 1307 | |
| 1308 | <A NAME="IDX59"></A> |
| 1309 | <DT><CODE>non-incremental-forward-search-history (M-n)</CODE> |
| 1310 | <DD><A NAME="IDX60"></A> |
| 1311 | Search forward starting at the current line and moving `down' |
| 1312 | through the the history as necessary using a non-incremental search |
| 1313 | for a string supplied by the user. |
| 1314 | <P> |
| 1315 | |
| 1316 | <A NAME="IDX61"></A> |
| 1317 | <DT><CODE>history-search-forward ()</CODE> |
| 1318 | <DD><A NAME="IDX62"></A> |
| 1319 | Search forward through the history for the string of characters |
| 1320 | between the start of the current line and the point. |
| 1321 | This is a non-incremental search. |
| 1322 | By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1323 | <P> |
| 1324 | |
| 1325 | <A NAME="IDX63"></A> |
| 1326 | <DT><CODE>history-search-backward ()</CODE> |
| 1327 | <DD><A NAME="IDX64"></A> |
| 1328 | Search backward through the history for the string of characters |
| 1329 | between the start of the current line and the point. This |
| 1330 | is a non-incremental search. By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1331 | <P> |
| 1332 | |
| 1333 | <A NAME="IDX65"></A> |
| 1334 | <DT><CODE>yank-nth-arg (M-C-y)</CODE> |
| 1335 | <DD><A NAME="IDX66"></A> |
| 1336 | Insert the first argument to the previous command (usually |
| 1337 | the second word on the previous line) at point. |
| 1338 | With an argument <VAR>n</VAR>, |
| 1339 | insert the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the previous command (the words |
| 1340 | in the previous command begin with word 0). A negative argument |
| 1341 | inserts the <VAR>n</VAR>th word from the end of the previous command. |
| 1342 | <P> |
| 1343 | |
| 1344 | <A NAME="IDX67"></A> |
| 1345 | <DT><CODE>yank-last-arg (M-. or M-_)</CODE> |
| 1346 | <DD><A NAME="IDX68"></A> |
| 1347 | Insert last argument to the previous command (the last word of the |
| 1348 | previous history entry). With an |
| 1349 | argument, behave exactly like <CODE>yank-nth-arg</CODE>. |
| 1350 | Successive calls to <CODE>yank-last-arg</CODE> move back through the history |
| 1351 | list, inserting the last argument of each line in turn. |
| 1352 | <P> |
| 1353 | |
| 1354 | </DL> |
| 1355 | <P> |
| 1356 | |
| 1357 | <A NAME="Commands For Text"></A> |
| 1358 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1359 | <A NAME="SEC16"></A> |
| 1360 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1361 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1362 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1363 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1364 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1365 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1366 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1367 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1368 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1369 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1370 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1371 | <H3> 1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text </H3> |
| 1372 | <!--docid::SEC16::--> |
| 1373 | <P> |
| 1374 | |
| 1375 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1376 | <A NAME="IDX69"></A> |
| 1377 | <DT><CODE>delete-char (C-d)</CODE> |
| 1378 | <DD><A NAME="IDX70"></A> |
| 1379 | Delete the character at point. If point is at the |
| 1380 | beginning of the line, there are no characters in the line, and |
| 1381 | the last character typed was not bound to <CODE>delete-char</CODE>, then |
| 1382 | return EOF. |
| 1383 | <P> |
| 1384 | |
| 1385 | <A NAME="IDX71"></A> |
| 1386 | <DT><CODE>backward-delete-char (Rubout)</CODE> |
| 1387 | <DD><A NAME="IDX72"></A> |
| 1388 | Delete the character behind the cursor. A numeric argument means |
| 1389 | to kill the characters instead of deleting them. |
| 1390 | <P> |
| 1391 | |
| 1392 | <A NAME="IDX73"></A> |
| 1393 | <DT><CODE>forward-backward-delete-char ()</CODE> |
| 1394 | <DD><A NAME="IDX74"></A> |
| 1395 | Delete the character under the cursor, unless the cursor is at the |
| 1396 | end of the line, in which case the character behind the cursor is |
| 1397 | deleted. By default, this is not bound to a key. |
| 1398 | <P> |
| 1399 | |
| 1400 | <A NAME="IDX75"></A> |
| 1401 | <DT><CODE>quoted-insert (C-q or C-v)</CODE> |
| 1402 | <DD><A NAME="IDX76"></A> |
| 1403 | Add the next character typed to the line verbatim. This is |
| 1404 | how to insert key sequences like <KBD>C-q</KBD>, for example. |
| 1405 | <P> |
| 1406 | |
| 1407 | <A NAME="IDX77"></A> |
| 1408 | <DT><CODE>tab-insert (M-<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> |
| 1409 | <DD><A NAME="IDX78"></A> |
| 1410 | Insert a tab character. |
| 1411 | <P> |
| 1412 | |
| 1413 | <A NAME="IDX79"></A> |
| 1414 | <DT><CODE>self-insert (a, b, A, 1, !, <small>...</small>)</CODE> |
| 1415 | <DD><A NAME="IDX80"></A> |
| 1416 | Insert yourself. |
| 1417 | <P> |
| 1418 | |
| 1419 | <A NAME="IDX81"></A> |
| 1420 | <DT><CODE>transpose-chars (C-t)</CODE> |
| 1421 | <DD><A NAME="IDX82"></A> |
| 1422 | Drag the character before the cursor forward over |
| 1423 | the character at the cursor, moving the |
| 1424 | cursor forward as well. If the insertion point |
| 1425 | is at the end of the line, then this |
| 1426 | transposes the last two characters of the line. |
| 1427 | Negative arguments have no effect. |
| 1428 | <P> |
| 1429 | |
| 1430 | <A NAME="IDX83"></A> |
| 1431 | <DT><CODE>transpose-words (M-t)</CODE> |
| 1432 | <DD><A NAME="IDX84"></A> |
| 1433 | Drag the word before point past the word after point, |
| 1434 | moving point past that word as well. |
| 1435 | If the insertion point is at the end of the line, this transposes |
| 1436 | the last two words on the line. |
| 1437 | <P> |
| 1438 | |
| 1439 | <A NAME="IDX85"></A> |
| 1440 | <DT><CODE>upcase-word (M-u)</CODE> |
| 1441 | <DD><A NAME="IDX86"></A> |
| 1442 | Uppercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
| 1443 | uppercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. |
| 1444 | <P> |
| 1445 | |
| 1446 | <A NAME="IDX87"></A> |
| 1447 | <DT><CODE>downcase-word (M-l)</CODE> |
| 1448 | <DD><A NAME="IDX88"></A> |
| 1449 | Lowercase the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
| 1450 | lowercase the previous word, but do not move the cursor. |
| 1451 | <P> |
| 1452 | |
| 1453 | <A NAME="IDX89"></A> |
| 1454 | <DT><CODE>capitalize-word (M-c)</CODE> |
| 1455 | <DD><A NAME="IDX90"></A> |
| 1456 | Capitalize the current (or following) word. With a negative argument, |
| 1457 | capitalize the previous word, but do not move the cursor. |
| 1458 | <P> |
| 1459 | |
| 1460 | <A NAME="IDX91"></A> |
| 1461 | <DT><CODE>overwrite-mode ()</CODE> |
| 1462 | <DD><A NAME="IDX92"></A> |
| 1463 | Toggle overwrite mode. With an explicit positive numeric argument, |
| 1464 | switches to overwrite mode. With an explicit non-positive numeric |
| 1465 | argument, switches to insert mode. This command affects only |
| 1466 | <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode; <CODE>vi</CODE> mode does overwrite differently. |
| 1467 | Each call to <CODE>readline()</CODE> starts in insert mode. |
| 1468 | <P> |
| 1469 | |
| 1470 | In overwrite mode, characters bound to <CODE>self-insert</CODE> replace |
| 1471 | the text at point rather than pushing the text to the right. |
| 1472 | Characters bound to <CODE>backward-delete-char</CODE> replace the character |
| 1473 | before point with a space. |
| 1474 | </P><P> |
| 1475 | |
| 1476 | By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1477 | </P><P> |
| 1478 | |
| 1479 | </DL> |
| 1480 | <P> |
| 1481 | |
| 1482 | <A NAME="Commands For Killing"></A> |
| 1483 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1484 | <A NAME="SEC17"></A> |
| 1485 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1486 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1487 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1488 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1489 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1490 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1491 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1492 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1493 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1494 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1495 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1496 | <H3> 1.4.4 Killing And Yanking </H3> |
| 1497 | <!--docid::SEC17::--> |
| 1498 | <P> |
| 1499 | |
| 1500 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1501 | |
| 1502 | <A NAME="IDX93"></A> |
| 1503 | <DT><CODE>kill-line (C-k)</CODE> |
| 1504 | <DD><A NAME="IDX94"></A> |
| 1505 | Kill the text from point to the end of the line. |
| 1506 | <P> |
| 1507 | |
| 1508 | <A NAME="IDX95"></A> |
| 1509 | <DT><CODE>backward-kill-line (C-x Rubout)</CODE> |
| 1510 | <DD><A NAME="IDX96"></A> |
| 1511 | Kill backward to the beginning of the line. |
| 1512 | <P> |
| 1513 | |
| 1514 | <A NAME="IDX97"></A> |
| 1515 | <DT><CODE>unix-line-discard (C-u)</CODE> |
| 1516 | <DD><A NAME="IDX98"></A> |
| 1517 | Kill backward from the cursor to the beginning of the current line. |
| 1518 | <P> |
| 1519 | |
| 1520 | <A NAME="IDX99"></A> |
| 1521 | <DT><CODE>kill-whole-line ()</CODE> |
| 1522 | <DD><A NAME="IDX100"></A> |
| 1523 | Kill all characters on the current line, no matter where point is. |
| 1524 | By default, this is unbound. |
| 1525 | <P> |
| 1526 | |
| 1527 | <A NAME="IDX101"></A> |
| 1528 | <DT><CODE>kill-word (M-d)</CODE> |
| 1529 | <DD><A NAME="IDX102"></A> |
| 1530 | Kill from point to the end of the current word, or if between |
| 1531 | words, to the end of the next word. |
| 1532 | Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. |
| 1533 | <P> |
| 1534 | |
| 1535 | <A NAME="IDX103"></A> |
| 1536 | <DT><CODE>backward-kill-word (M-<KBD>DEL</KBD>)</CODE> |
| 1537 | <DD><A NAME="IDX104"></A> |
| 1538 | Kill the word behind point. |
| 1539 | Word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. |
| 1540 | <P> |
| 1541 | |
| 1542 | <A NAME="IDX105"></A> |
| 1543 | <DT><CODE>unix-word-rubout (C-w)</CODE> |
| 1544 | <DD><A NAME="IDX106"></A> |
| 1545 | Kill the word behind point, using white space as a word boundary. |
| 1546 | The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. |
| 1547 | <P> |
| 1548 | |
| 1549 | <A NAME="IDX107"></A> |
| 1550 | <DT><CODE>unix-filename-rubout ()</CODE> |
| 1551 | <DD><A NAME="IDX108"></A> |
| 1552 | Kill the word behind point, using white space and the slash character |
| 1553 | as the word boundaries. |
| 1554 | The killed text is saved on the kill-ring. |
| 1555 | <P> |
| 1556 | |
| 1557 | <A NAME="IDX109"></A> |
| 1558 | <DT><CODE>delete-horizontal-space ()</CODE> |
| 1559 | <DD><A NAME="IDX110"></A> |
| 1560 | Delete all spaces and tabs around point. By default, this is unbound. |
| 1561 | <P> |
| 1562 | |
| 1563 | <A NAME="IDX111"></A> |
| 1564 | <DT><CODE>kill-region ()</CODE> |
| 1565 | <DD><A NAME="IDX112"></A> |
| 1566 | Kill the text in the current region. |
| 1567 | By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1568 | <P> |
| 1569 | |
| 1570 | <A NAME="IDX113"></A> |
| 1571 | <DT><CODE>copy-region-as-kill ()</CODE> |
| 1572 | <DD><A NAME="IDX114"></A> |
| 1573 | Copy the text in the region to the kill buffer, so it can be yanked |
| 1574 | right away. By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1575 | <P> |
| 1576 | |
| 1577 | <A NAME="IDX115"></A> |
| 1578 | <DT><CODE>copy-backward-word ()</CODE> |
| 1579 | <DD><A NAME="IDX116"></A> |
| 1580 | Copy the word before point to the kill buffer. |
| 1581 | The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>backward-word</CODE>. |
| 1582 | By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1583 | <P> |
| 1584 | |
| 1585 | <A NAME="IDX117"></A> |
| 1586 | <DT><CODE>copy-forward-word ()</CODE> |
| 1587 | <DD><A NAME="IDX118"></A> |
| 1588 | Copy the word following point to the kill buffer. |
| 1589 | The word boundaries are the same as <CODE>forward-word</CODE>. |
| 1590 | By default, this command is unbound. |
| 1591 | <P> |
| 1592 | |
| 1593 | <A NAME="IDX119"></A> |
| 1594 | <DT><CODE>yank (C-y)</CODE> |
| 1595 | <DD><A NAME="IDX120"></A> |
| 1596 | Yank the top of the kill ring into the buffer at point. |
| 1597 | <P> |
| 1598 | |
| 1599 | <A NAME="IDX121"></A> |
| 1600 | <DT><CODE>yank-pop (M-y)</CODE> |
| 1601 | <DD><A NAME="IDX122"></A> |
| 1602 | Rotate the kill-ring, and yank the new top. You can only do this if |
| 1603 | the prior command is <CODE>yank</CODE> or <CODE>yank-pop</CODE>. |
| 1604 | </DL> |
| 1605 | <P> |
| 1606 | |
| 1607 | <A NAME="Numeric Arguments"></A> |
| 1608 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1609 | <A NAME="SEC18"></A> |
| 1610 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1611 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1612 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1613 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1614 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1615 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1616 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1617 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1618 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1619 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1620 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1621 | <H3> 1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments </H3> |
| 1622 | <!--docid::SEC18::--> |
| 1623 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1624 | |
| 1625 | <A NAME="IDX123"></A> |
| 1626 | <DT><CODE>digit-argument (<KBD>M-0</KBD>, <KBD>M-1</KBD>, <small>...</small> <KBD>M--</KBD>)</CODE> |
| 1627 | <DD><A NAME="IDX124"></A> |
| 1628 | Add this digit to the argument already accumulating, or start a new |
| 1629 | argument. <KBD>M--</KBD> starts a negative argument. |
| 1630 | <P> |
| 1631 | |
| 1632 | <A NAME="IDX125"></A> |
| 1633 | <DT><CODE>universal-argument ()</CODE> |
| 1634 | <DD><A NAME="IDX126"></A> |
| 1635 | This is another way to specify an argument. |
| 1636 | If this command is followed by one or more digits, optionally with a |
| 1637 | leading minus sign, those digits define the argument. |
| 1638 | If the command is followed by digits, executing <CODE>universal-argument</CODE> |
| 1639 | again ends the numeric argument, but is otherwise ignored. |
| 1640 | As a special case, if this command is immediately followed by a |
| 1641 | character that is neither a digit or minus sign, the argument count |
| 1642 | for the next command is multiplied by four. |
| 1643 | The argument count is initially one, so executing this function the |
| 1644 | first time makes the argument count four, a second time makes the |
| 1645 | argument count sixteen, and so on. |
| 1646 | By default, this is not bound to a key. |
| 1647 | </DL> |
| 1648 | <P> |
| 1649 | |
| 1650 | <A NAME="Commands For Completion"></A> |
| 1651 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1652 | <A NAME="SEC19"></A> |
| 1653 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1654 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1655 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1656 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1657 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1658 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1659 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1660 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1661 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1662 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1663 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1664 | <H3> 1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You </H3> |
| 1665 | <!--docid::SEC19::--> |
| 1666 | <P> |
| 1667 | |
| 1668 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1669 | <A NAME="IDX127"></A> |
| 1670 | <DT><CODE>complete (<KBD>TAB</KBD>)</CODE> |
| 1671 | <DD><A NAME="IDX128"></A> |
| 1672 | Attempt to perform completion on the text before point. |
| 1673 | The actual completion performed is application-specific. |
| 1674 | The default is filename completion. |
| 1675 | <P> |
| 1676 | |
| 1677 | <A NAME="IDX129"></A> |
| 1678 | <DT><CODE>possible-completions (M-?)</CODE> |
| 1679 | <DD><A NAME="IDX130"></A> |
| 1680 | List the possible completions of the text before point. |
| 1681 | <P> |
| 1682 | |
| 1683 | <A NAME="IDX131"></A> |
| 1684 | <DT><CODE>insert-completions (M-*)</CODE> |
| 1685 | <DD><A NAME="IDX132"></A> |
| 1686 | Insert all completions of the text before point that would have |
| 1687 | been generated by <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. |
| 1688 | <P> |
| 1689 | |
| 1690 | <A NAME="IDX133"></A> |
| 1691 | <DT><CODE>menu-complete ()</CODE> |
| 1692 | <DD><A NAME="IDX134"></A> |
| 1693 | Similar to <CODE>complete</CODE>, but replaces the word to be completed |
| 1694 | with a single match from the list of possible completions. |
| 1695 | Repeated execution of <CODE>menu-complete</CODE> steps through the list |
| 1696 | of possible completions, inserting each match in turn. |
| 1697 | At the end of the list of completions, the bell is rung |
| 1698 | (subject to the setting of <CODE>bell-style</CODE>) |
| 1699 | and the original text is restored. |
| 1700 | An argument of <VAR>n</VAR> moves <VAR>n</VAR> positions forward in the list |
| 1701 | of matches; a negative argument may be used to move backward |
| 1702 | through the list. |
| 1703 | This command is intended to be bound to <KBD>TAB</KBD>, but is unbound |
| 1704 | by default. |
| 1705 | <P> |
| 1706 | |
| 1707 | <A NAME="IDX135"></A> |
| 1708 | <DT><CODE>delete-char-or-list ()</CODE> |
| 1709 | <DD><A NAME="IDX136"></A> |
| 1710 | Deletes the character under the cursor if not at the beginning or |
| 1711 | end of the line (like <CODE>delete-char</CODE>). |
| 1712 | If at the end of the line, behaves identically to |
| 1713 | <CODE>possible-completions</CODE>. |
| 1714 | This command is unbound by default. |
| 1715 | <P> |
| 1716 | |
| 1717 | </DL> |
| 1718 | <P> |
| 1719 | |
| 1720 | <A NAME="Keyboard Macros"></A> |
| 1721 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1722 | <A NAME="SEC20"></A> |
| 1723 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1724 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1725 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1726 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1727 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1728 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1729 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1730 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1731 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1732 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1733 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1734 | <H3> 1.4.7 Keyboard Macros </H3> |
| 1735 | <!--docid::SEC20::--> |
| 1736 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1737 | |
| 1738 | <A NAME="IDX137"></A> |
| 1739 | <DT><CODE>start-kbd-macro (C-x ()</CODE> |
| 1740 | <DD><A NAME="IDX138"></A> |
| 1741 | Begin saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro. |
| 1742 | <P> |
| 1743 | |
| 1744 | <A NAME="IDX139"></A> |
| 1745 | <DT><CODE>end-kbd-macro (C-x ))</CODE> |
| 1746 | <DD><A NAME="IDX140"></A> |
| 1747 | Stop saving the characters typed into the current keyboard macro |
| 1748 | and save the definition. |
| 1749 | <P> |
| 1750 | |
| 1751 | <A NAME="IDX141"></A> |
| 1752 | <DT><CODE>call-last-kbd-macro (C-x e)</CODE> |
| 1753 | <DD><A NAME="IDX142"></A> |
| 1754 | Re-execute the last keyboard macro defined, by making the characters |
| 1755 | in the macro appear as if typed at the keyboard. |
| 1756 | <P> |
| 1757 | |
| 1758 | </DL> |
| 1759 | <P> |
| 1760 | |
| 1761 | <A NAME="Miscellaneous Commands"></A> |
| 1762 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1763 | <A NAME="SEC21"></A> |
| 1764 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1765 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1766 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1767 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1768 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1769 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1770 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1771 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1772 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1773 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1774 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1775 | <H3> 1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands </H3> |
| 1776 | <!--docid::SEC21::--> |
| 1777 | <DL COMPACT> |
| 1778 | |
| 1779 | <A NAME="IDX143"></A> |
| 1780 | <DT><CODE>re-read-init-file (C-x C-r)</CODE> |
| 1781 | <DD><A NAME="IDX144"></A> |
| 1782 | Read in the contents of the <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file, and incorporate |
| 1783 | any bindings or variable assignments found there. |
| 1784 | <P> |
| 1785 | |
| 1786 | <A NAME="IDX145"></A> |
| 1787 | <DT><CODE>abort (C-g)</CODE> |
| 1788 | <DD><A NAME="IDX146"></A> |
| 1789 | Abort the current editing command and |
| 1790 | ring the terminal's bell (subject to the setting of |
| 1791 | <CODE>bell-style</CODE>). |
| 1792 | <P> |
| 1793 | |
| 1794 | <A NAME="IDX147"></A> |
| 1795 | <DT><CODE>do-uppercase-version (M-a, M-b, M-<VAR>x</VAR>, <small>...</small>)</CODE> |
| 1796 | <DD><A NAME="IDX148"></A> |
| 1797 | If the metafied character <VAR>x</VAR> is lowercase, run the command |
| 1798 | that is bound to the corresponding uppercase character. |
| 1799 | <P> |
| 1800 | |
| 1801 | <A NAME="IDX149"></A> |
| 1802 | <DT><CODE>prefix-meta (<KBD>ESC</KBD>)</CODE> |
| 1803 | <DD><A NAME="IDX150"></A> |
| 1804 | Metafy the next character typed. This is for keyboards |
| 1805 | without a meta key. Typing <SAMP>`<KBD>ESC</KBD> f'</SAMP> is equivalent to typing |
| 1806 | <KBD>M-f</KBD>. |
| 1807 | <P> |
| 1808 | |
| 1809 | <A NAME="IDX151"></A> |
| 1810 | <DT><CODE>undo (C-_ or C-x C-u)</CODE> |
| 1811 | <DD><A NAME="IDX152"></A> |
| 1812 | Incremental undo, separately remembered for each line. |
| 1813 | <P> |
| 1814 | |
| 1815 | <A NAME="IDX153"></A> |
| 1816 | <DT><CODE>revert-line (M-r)</CODE> |
| 1817 | <DD><A NAME="IDX154"></A> |
| 1818 | Undo all changes made to this line. This is like executing the <CODE>undo</CODE> |
| 1819 | command enough times to get back to the beginning. |
| 1820 | <P> |
| 1821 | |
| 1822 | <A NAME="IDX155"></A> |
| 1823 | <DT><CODE>tilde-expand (M-~)</CODE> |
| 1824 | <DD><A NAME="IDX156"></A> |
| 1825 | Perform tilde expansion on the current word. |
| 1826 | <P> |
| 1827 | |
| 1828 | <A NAME="IDX157"></A> |
| 1829 | <DT><CODE>set-mark (C-@)</CODE> |
| 1830 | <DD><A NAME="IDX158"></A> |
| 1831 | Set the mark to the point. If a |
| 1832 | numeric argument is supplied, the mark is set to that position. |
| 1833 | <P> |
| 1834 | |
| 1835 | <A NAME="IDX159"></A> |
| 1836 | <DT><CODE>exchange-point-and-mark (C-x C-x)</CODE> |
| 1837 | <DD><A NAME="IDX160"></A> |
| 1838 | Swap the point with the mark. The current cursor position is set to |
| 1839 | the saved position, and the old cursor position is saved as the mark. |
| 1840 | <P> |
| 1841 | |
| 1842 | <A NAME="IDX161"></A> |
| 1843 | <DT><CODE>character-search (C-])</CODE> |
| 1844 | <DD><A NAME="IDX162"></A> |
| 1845 | A character is read and point is moved to the next occurrence of that |
| 1846 | character. A negative count searches for previous occurrences. |
| 1847 | <P> |
| 1848 | |
| 1849 | <A NAME="IDX163"></A> |
| 1850 | <DT><CODE>character-search-backward (M-C-])</CODE> |
| 1851 | <DD><A NAME="IDX164"></A> |
| 1852 | A character is read and point is moved to the previous occurrence |
| 1853 | of that character. A negative count searches for subsequent |
| 1854 | occurrences. |
| 1855 | <P> |
| 1856 | |
| 1857 | <A NAME="IDX165"></A> |
| 1858 | <DT><CODE>insert-comment (M-#)</CODE> |
| 1859 | <DD><A NAME="IDX166"></A> |
| 1860 | Without a numeric argument, the value of the <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> |
| 1861 | variable is inserted at the beginning of the current line. |
| 1862 | If a numeric argument is supplied, this command acts as a toggle: if |
| 1863 | the characters at the beginning of the line do not match the value |
| 1864 | of <CODE>comment-begin</CODE>, the value is inserted, otherwise |
| 1865 | the characters in <CODE>comment-begin</CODE> are deleted from the beginning of |
| 1866 | the line. |
| 1867 | In either case, the line is accepted as if a newline had been typed. |
| 1868 | <P> |
| 1869 | |
| 1870 | <A NAME="IDX167"></A> |
| 1871 | <DT><CODE>dump-functions ()</CODE> |
| 1872 | <DD><A NAME="IDX168"></A> |
| 1873 | Print all of the functions and their key bindings to the |
| 1874 | Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, |
| 1875 | the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part |
| 1876 | of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. |
| 1877 | <P> |
| 1878 | |
| 1879 | <A NAME="IDX169"></A> |
| 1880 | <DT><CODE>dump-variables ()</CODE> |
| 1881 | <DD><A NAME="IDX170"></A> |
| 1882 | Print all of the settable variables and their values to the |
| 1883 | Readline output stream. If a numeric argument is supplied, |
| 1884 | the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part |
| 1885 | of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. |
| 1886 | <P> |
| 1887 | |
| 1888 | <A NAME="IDX171"></A> |
| 1889 | <DT><CODE>dump-macros ()</CODE> |
| 1890 | <DD><A NAME="IDX172"></A> |
| 1891 | Print all of the Readline key sequences bound to macros and the |
| 1892 | strings they output. If a numeric argument is supplied, |
| 1893 | the output is formatted in such a way that it can be made part |
| 1894 | of an <VAR>inputrc</VAR> file. This command is unbound by default. |
| 1895 | <P> |
| 1896 | |
| 1897 | <A NAME="IDX173"></A> |
| 1898 | <DT><CODE>emacs-editing-mode (C-e)</CODE> |
| 1899 | <DD><A NAME="IDX174"></A> |
| 1900 | When in <CODE>vi</CODE> command mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>emacs</CODE> |
| 1901 | editing mode. |
| 1902 | <P> |
| 1903 | |
| 1904 | <A NAME="IDX175"></A> |
| 1905 | <DT><CODE>vi-editing-mode (M-C-j)</CODE> |
| 1906 | <DD><A NAME="IDX176"></A> |
| 1907 | When in <CODE>emacs</CODE> editing mode, this causes a switch to <CODE>vi</CODE> |
| 1908 | editing mode. |
| 1909 | <P> |
| 1910 | |
| 1911 | </DL> |
| 1912 | <P> |
| 1913 | |
| 1914 | <A NAME="Readline vi Mode"></A> |
| 1915 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1916 | <A NAME="SEC22"></A> |
| 1917 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1918 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1919 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1920 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ << ]</TD> |
| 1921 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1922 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> >> </A>]</TD> |
| 1923 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1924 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1925 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1926 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1927 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1928 | <H2> 1.5 Readline vi Mode </H2> |
| 1929 | <!--docid::SEC22::--> |
| 1930 | <P> |
| 1931 | |
| 1932 | While the Readline library does not have a full set of <CODE>vi</CODE> |
| 1933 | editing functions, it does contain enough to allow simple editing |
| 1934 | of the line. The Readline <CODE>vi</CODE> mode behaves as specified in |
| 1935 | the POSIX 1003.2 standard. |
| 1936 | </P><P> |
| 1937 | |
| 1938 | In order to switch interactively between <CODE>emacs</CODE> and <CODE>vi</CODE> |
| 1939 | editing modes, use the command <KBD>M-C-j</KBD> (bound to emacs-editing-mode |
| 1940 | when in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode and to vi-editing-mode in <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode). |
| 1941 | The Readline default is <CODE>emacs</CODE> mode. |
| 1942 | </P><P> |
| 1943 | |
| 1944 | When you enter a line in <CODE>vi</CODE> mode, you are already placed in |
| 1945 | `insertion' mode, as if you had typed an <SAMP>`i'</SAMP>. Pressing <KBD>ESC</KBD> |
| 1946 | switches you into `command' mode, where you can edit the text of the |
| 1947 | line with the standard <CODE>vi</CODE> movement keys, move to previous |
| 1948 | history lines with <SAMP>`k'</SAMP> and subsequent lines with <SAMP>`j'</SAMP>, and |
| 1949 | so forth. |
| 1950 | </P><P> |
| 1951 | |
| 1952 | <A NAME="Copying This Manual"></A> |
| 1953 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1954 | <A NAME="SEC23"></A> |
| 1955 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1956 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1957 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC24"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1958 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1959 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1960 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> |
| 1961 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1962 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1963 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1964 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1965 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1966 | <H1> A. Copying This Manual </H1> |
| 1967 | <!--docid::SEC23::--> |
| 1968 | <P> |
| 1969 | |
| 1970 | <BLOCKQUOTE><TABLE BORDER=0 CELLSPACING=0> |
| 1971 | <TR><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP"><A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC24">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</A></TD><TD> </TD><TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="TOP">License for copying this manual.</TD></TR> |
| 1972 | </TABLE></BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 1973 | <P> |
| 1974 | |
| 1975 | <A NAME="GNU Free Documentation License"></A> |
| 1976 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 1977 | <A NAME="SEC24"></A> |
| 1978 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 1979 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 1980 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC25"> > </A>]</TD> |
| 1981 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 1982 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 1983 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> |
| 1984 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 1985 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 1986 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 1987 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 1988 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 1989 | <H2> A.1 GNU Free Documentation License </H2> |
| 1990 | <!--docid::SEC24::--> |
| 1991 | <P> |
| 1992 | |
| 1993 | <A NAME="IDX177"></A> |
| 1994 | <center> |
| 1995 | Version 1.2, November 2002 |
| 1996 | </center> |
| 1997 | </P><P> |
| 1998 | |
| 1999 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=display><pre style="font-family: serif">Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 2000 | 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA |
| 2001 | |
| 2002 | Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 2003 | of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 2004 | </pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 2005 | |
| 2006 | <OL> |
| 2007 | <LI> |
| 2008 | PREAMBLE |
| 2009 | <P> |
| 2010 | |
| 2011 | The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| 2012 | functional and useful document <EM>free</EM> in the sense of freedom: to |
| 2013 | assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| 2014 | with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
| 2015 | Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
| 2016 | to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
| 2017 | for modifications made by others. |
| 2018 | </P><P> |
| 2019 | |
| 2020 | This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
| 2021 | works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| 2022 | complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| 2023 | license designed for free software. |
| 2024 | </P><P> |
| 2025 | |
| 2026 | We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| 2027 | software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| 2028 | program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| 2029 | software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| 2030 | it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| 2031 | whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| 2032 | principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| 2033 | </P><P> |
| 2034 | |
| 2035 | <LI> |
| 2036 | APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| 2037 | <P> |
| 2038 | |
| 2039 | This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
| 2040 | contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
| 2041 | distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
| 2042 | world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
| 2043 | work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, |
| 2044 | refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
| 2045 | licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you |
| 2046 | copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
| 2047 | under copyright law. |
| 2048 | </P><P> |
| 2049 | |
| 2050 | A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the |
| 2051 | Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| 2052 | modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| 2053 | </P><P> |
| 2054 | |
| 2055 | A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
| 2056 | of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| 2057 | publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
| 2058 | subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
| 2059 | directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
| 2060 | part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
| 2061 | any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| 2062 | connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| 2063 | commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| 2064 | them. |
| 2065 | </P><P> |
| 2066 | |
| 2067 | The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| 2068 | are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| 2069 | that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
| 2070 | section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
| 2071 | allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
| 2072 | Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
| 2073 | Sections then there are none. |
| 2074 | </P><P> |
| 2075 | |
| 2076 | The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| 2077 | as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| 2078 | the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
| 2079 | be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
| 2080 | </P><P> |
| 2081 | |
| 2082 | A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| 2083 | represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| 2084 | general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
| 2085 | straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| 2086 | pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| 2087 | drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| 2088 | for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| 2089 | to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| 2090 | format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
| 2091 | or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
| 2092 | An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
| 2093 | of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque". |
| 2094 | </P><P> |
| 2095 | |
| 2096 | Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| 2097 | ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input |
| 2098 | format, <FONT SIZE="-1">SGML</FONT> or <FONT SIZE="-1">XML</FONT> using a publicly available |
| 2099 | <FONT SIZE="-1">DTD</FONT>, and standard-conforming simple <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT>, |
| 2100 | PostScript or <FONT SIZE="-1">PDF</FONT> designed for human modification. Examples |
| 2101 | of transparent image formats include <FONT SIZE="-1">PNG</FONT>, <FONT SIZE="-1">XCF</FONT> and |
| 2102 | <FONT SIZE="-1">JPG</FONT>. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be |
| 2103 | read and edited only by proprietary word processors, <FONT SIZE="-1">SGML</FONT> or |
| 2104 | <FONT SIZE="-1">XML</FONT> for which the <FONT SIZE="-1">DTD</FONT> and/or processing tools are |
| 2105 | not generally available, and the machine-generated <FONT SIZE="-1">HTML</FONT>, |
| 2106 | PostScript or <FONT SIZE="-1">PDF</FONT> produced by some word processors for |
| 2107 | output purposes only. |
| 2108 | </P><P> |
| 2109 | |
| 2110 | The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| 2111 | plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| 2112 | this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| 2113 | formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page" means |
| 2114 | the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| 2115 | preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| 2116 | </P><P> |
| 2117 | |
| 2118 | A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose |
| 2119 | title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
| 2120 | text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
| 2121 | specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements", |
| 2122 | "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the Title" |
| 2123 | of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
| 2124 | section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition. |
| 2125 | </P><P> |
| 2126 | |
| 2127 | The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
| 2128 | states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
| 2129 | Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
| 2130 | License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| 2131 | implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
| 2132 | no effect on the meaning of this License. |
| 2133 | </P><P> |
| 2134 | |
| 2135 | <LI> |
| 2136 | VERBATIM COPYING |
| 2137 | <P> |
| 2138 | |
| 2139 | You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| 2140 | commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| 2141 | copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| 2142 | to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| 2143 | conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| 2144 | technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| 2145 | copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| 2146 | compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| 2147 | number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| 2148 | </P><P> |
| 2149 | |
| 2150 | You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| 2151 | you may publicly display copies. |
| 2152 | </P><P> |
| 2153 | |
| 2154 | <LI> |
| 2155 | COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| 2156 | <P> |
| 2157 | |
| 2158 | If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
| 2159 | printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
| 2160 | Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
| 2161 | copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| 2162 | Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| 2163 | the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| 2164 | you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| 2165 | the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| 2166 | visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| 2167 | Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| 2168 | the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| 2169 | as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| 2170 | </P><P> |
| 2171 | |
| 2172 | If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| 2173 | legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| 2174 | reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| 2175 | pages. |
| 2176 | </P><P> |
| 2177 | |
| 2178 | If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| 2179 | more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| 2180 | copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| 2181 | a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
| 2182 | public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
| 2183 | a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
| 2184 | If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
| 2185 | when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
| 2186 | that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
| 2187 | location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
| 2188 | Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
| 2189 | edition to the public. |
| 2190 | </P><P> |
| 2191 | |
| 2192 | It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| 2193 | Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| 2194 | them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| 2195 | </P><P> |
| 2196 | |
| 2197 | <LI> |
| 2198 | MODIFICATIONS |
| 2199 | <P> |
| 2200 | |
| 2201 | You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| 2202 | the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| 2203 | the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| 2204 | Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| 2205 | and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| 2206 | of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| 2207 | </P><P> |
| 2208 | |
| 2209 | <OL> |
| 2210 | <LI> |
| 2211 | Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| 2212 | from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| 2213 | (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| 2214 | of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| 2215 | if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| 2216 | <P> |
| 2217 | |
| 2218 | <LI> |
| 2219 | List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| 2220 | responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| 2221 | Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| 2222 | Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
| 2223 | unless they release you from this requirement. |
| 2224 | <P> |
| 2225 | |
| 2226 | <LI> |
| 2227 | State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| 2228 | Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| 2229 | <P> |
| 2230 | |
| 2231 | <LI> |
| 2232 | Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| 2233 | <P> |
| 2234 | |
| 2235 | <LI> |
| 2236 | Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| 2237 | adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| 2238 | <P> |
| 2239 | |
| 2240 | <LI> |
| 2241 | Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| 2242 | giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| 2243 | terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| 2244 | <P> |
| 2245 | |
| 2246 | <LI> |
| 2247 | Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| 2248 | and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| 2249 | <P> |
| 2250 | |
| 2251 | <LI> |
| 2252 | Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| 2253 | <P> |
| 2254 | |
| 2255 | <LI> |
| 2256 | Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and add |
| 2257 | to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| 2258 | publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| 2259 | there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create one |
| 2260 | stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| 2261 | given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| 2262 | Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| 2263 | <P> |
| 2264 | |
| 2265 | <LI> |
| 2266 | Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| 2267 | public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| 2268 | the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| 2269 | it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section. |
| 2270 | You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| 2271 | least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| 2272 | publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| 2273 | <P> |
| 2274 | |
| 2275 | <LI> |
| 2276 | For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications", Preserve |
| 2277 | the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the |
| 2278 | substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or |
| 2279 | dedications given therein. |
| 2280 | <P> |
| 2281 | |
| 2282 | <LI> |
| 2283 | Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| 2284 | unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| 2285 | or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| 2286 | <P> |
| 2287 | |
| 2288 | <LI> |
| 2289 | Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section |
| 2290 | may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| 2291 | <P> |
| 2292 | |
| 2293 | <LI> |
| 2294 | Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements" or |
| 2295 | to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| 2296 | <P> |
| 2297 | |
| 2298 | <LI> |
| 2299 | Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 2300 | </OL> |
| 2301 | <P> |
| 2302 | |
| 2303 | If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| 2304 | appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| 2305 | copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| 2306 | of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| 2307 | list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| 2308 | These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| 2309 | </P><P> |
| 2310 | |
| 2311 | You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains |
| 2312 | nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| 2313 | parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| 2314 | been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| 2315 | standard. |
| 2316 | </P><P> |
| 2317 | |
| 2318 | You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| 2319 | passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| 2320 | of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| 2321 | Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| 2322 | through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| 2323 | includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| 2324 | by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| 2325 | you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| 2326 | permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| 2327 | </P><P> |
| 2328 | |
| 2329 | The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| 2330 | give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| 2331 | imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| 2332 | </P><P> |
| 2333 | |
| 2334 | <LI> |
| 2335 | COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| 2336 | <P> |
| 2337 | |
| 2338 | You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| 2339 | License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| 2340 | versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| 2341 | Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| 2342 | list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| 2343 | license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 2344 | </P><P> |
| 2345 | |
| 2346 | The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| 2347 | multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| 2348 | copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| 2349 | different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| 2350 | adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| 2351 | author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| 2352 | Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| 2353 | Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| 2354 | </P><P> |
| 2355 | |
| 2356 | In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History" |
| 2357 | in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
| 2358 | "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| 2359 | and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all |
| 2360 | sections Entitled "Endorsements." |
| 2361 | </P><P> |
| 2362 | |
| 2363 | <LI> |
| 2364 | COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| 2365 | <P> |
| 2366 | |
| 2367 | You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| 2368 | released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| 2369 | License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| 2370 | the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| 2371 | verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| 2372 | </P><P> |
| 2373 | |
| 2374 | You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| 2375 | it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| 2376 | License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| 2377 | other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| 2378 | </P><P> |
| 2379 | |
| 2380 | <LI> |
| 2381 | AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| 2382 | <P> |
| 2383 | |
| 2384 | A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| 2385 | and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| 2386 | distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright |
| 2387 | resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
| 2388 | of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
| 2389 | When the Document is included an aggregate, this License does not |
| 2390 | apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
| 2391 | derivative works of the Document. |
| 2392 | </P><P> |
| 2393 | |
| 2394 | If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| 2395 | copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
| 2396 | the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| 2397 | covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
| 2398 | electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
| 2399 | Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
| 2400 | aggregate. |
| 2401 | </P><P> |
| 2402 | |
| 2403 | <LI> |
| 2404 | TRANSLATION |
| 2405 | <P> |
| 2406 | |
| 2407 | Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| 2408 | distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| 2409 | Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| 2410 | permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| 2411 | translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| 2412 | original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| 2413 | translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
| 2414 | Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
| 2415 | the original English version of this License and the original versions |
| 2416 | of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
| 2417 | the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
| 2418 | or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
| 2419 | </P><P> |
| 2420 | |
| 2421 | If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
| 2422 | "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
| 2423 | its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
| 2424 | title. |
| 2425 | </P><P> |
| 2426 | |
| 2427 | <LI> |
| 2428 | TERMINATION |
| 2429 | <P> |
| 2430 | |
| 2431 | You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| 2432 | as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| 2433 | copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| 2434 | automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| 2435 | parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| 2436 | License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| 2437 | parties remain in full compliance. |
| 2438 | </P><P> |
| 2439 | |
| 2440 | <LI> |
| 2441 | FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| 2442 | <P> |
| 2443 | |
| 2444 | The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| 2445 | of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| 2446 | versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| 2447 | differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| 2448 | <A HREF="http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/">http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/</A>. |
| 2449 | </P><P> |
| 2450 | |
| 2451 | Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| 2452 | If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| 2453 | License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of |
| 2454 | following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| 2455 | of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| 2456 | Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| 2457 | number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| 2458 | as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| 2459 | </OL> |
| 2460 | <P> |
| 2461 | |
| 2462 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 2463 | <A NAME="SEC25"></A> |
| 2464 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 2465 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC24"> < </A>]</TD> |
| 2466 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ > ]</TD> |
| 2467 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23"> << </A>]</TD> |
| 2468 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC24"> Up </A>]</TD> |
| 2469 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[ >> ]</TD> |
| 2470 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT"> <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 2471 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 2472 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 2473 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 2474 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 2475 | <H3> A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents </H3> |
| 2476 | <!--docid::SEC25::--> |
| 2477 | <P> |
| 2478 | |
| 2479 | To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| 2480 | the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| 2481 | license notices just after the title page: |
| 2482 | </P><P> |
| 2483 | |
| 2484 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> Copyright (C) <VAR>year</VAR> <VAR>your name</VAR>. |
| 2485 | Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 2486 | under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
| 2487 | or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| 2488 | with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
| 2489 | A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
| 2490 | Free Documentation License''. |
| 2491 | </FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 2492 | |
| 2493 | If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
| 2494 | replace the "with...Texts." line with this: |
| 2495 | </P><P> |
| 2496 | |
| 2497 | <TABLE><tr><td> </td><td class=smallexample><FONT SIZE=-1><pre> with the Invariant Sections being <VAR>list their titles</VAR>, with |
| 2498 | the Front-Cover Texts being <VAR>list</VAR>, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
| 2499 | being <VAR>list</VAR>. |
| 2500 | </FONT></pre></td></tr></table></P><P> |
| 2501 | |
| 2502 | If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| 2503 | combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| 2504 | situation. |
| 2505 | </P><P> |
| 2506 | |
| 2507 | If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| 2508 | recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| 2509 | free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| 2510 | to permit their use in free software. |
| 2511 | </P><P> |
| 2512 | |
| 2513 | <HR SIZE="6"> |
| 2514 | <A NAME="SEC_Contents"></A> |
| 2515 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 2516 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 2517 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 2518 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 2519 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 2520 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 2521 | <H1>Table of Contents</H1> |
| 2522 | <UL> |
| 2523 | <A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A> |
| 2524 | <BR> |
| 2525 | <UL> |
| 2526 | <A NAME="TOC2" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC2">1.1 Introduction to Line Editing</A> |
| 2527 | <BR> |
| 2528 | <A NAME="TOC3" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC3">1.2 Readline Interaction</A> |
| 2529 | <BR> |
| 2530 | <UL> |
| 2531 | <A NAME="TOC4" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC4">1.2.1 Readline Bare Essentials</A> |
| 2532 | <BR> |
| 2533 | <A NAME="TOC5" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC5">1.2.2 Readline Movement Commands</A> |
| 2534 | <BR> |
| 2535 | <A NAME="TOC6" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC6">1.2.3 Readline Killing Commands</A> |
| 2536 | <BR> |
| 2537 | <A NAME="TOC7" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC7">1.2.4 Readline Arguments</A> |
| 2538 | <BR> |
| 2539 | <A NAME="TOC8" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC8">1.2.5 Searching for Commands in the History</A> |
| 2540 | <BR> |
| 2541 | </UL> |
| 2542 | <A NAME="TOC9" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC9">1.3 Readline Init File</A> |
| 2543 | <BR> |
| 2544 | <UL> |
| 2545 | <A NAME="TOC10" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC10">1.3.1 Readline Init File Syntax</A> |
| 2546 | <BR> |
| 2547 | <A NAME="TOC11" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC11">1.3.2 Conditional Init Constructs</A> |
| 2548 | <BR> |
| 2549 | <A NAME="TOC12" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC12">1.3.3 Sample Init File</A> |
| 2550 | <BR> |
| 2551 | </UL> |
| 2552 | <A NAME="TOC13" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC13">1.4 Bindable Readline Commands</A> |
| 2553 | <BR> |
| 2554 | <UL> |
| 2555 | <A NAME="TOC14" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC14">1.4.1 Commands For Moving</A> |
| 2556 | <BR> |
| 2557 | <A NAME="TOC15" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC15">1.4.2 Commands For Manipulating The History</A> |
| 2558 | <BR> |
| 2559 | <A NAME="TOC16" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC16">1.4.3 Commands For Changing Text</A> |
| 2560 | <BR> |
| 2561 | <A NAME="TOC17" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC17">1.4.4 Killing And Yanking</A> |
| 2562 | <BR> |
| 2563 | <A NAME="TOC18" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC18">1.4.5 Specifying Numeric Arguments</A> |
| 2564 | <BR> |
| 2565 | <A NAME="TOC19" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC19">1.4.6 Letting Readline Type For You</A> |
| 2566 | <BR> |
| 2567 | <A NAME="TOC20" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC20">1.4.7 Keyboard Macros</A> |
| 2568 | <BR> |
| 2569 | <A NAME="TOC21" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC21">1.4.8 Some Miscellaneous Commands</A> |
| 2570 | <BR> |
| 2571 | </UL> |
| 2572 | <A NAME="TOC22" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC22">1.5 Readline vi Mode</A> |
| 2573 | <BR> |
| 2574 | </UL> |
| 2575 | <A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. Copying This Manual</A> |
| 2576 | <BR> |
| 2577 | <UL> |
| 2578 | <A NAME="TOC24" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC24">A.1 GNU Free Documentation License</A> |
| 2579 | <BR> |
| 2580 | <UL> |
| 2581 | <A NAME="TOC25" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC25">A.1.1 ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents</A> |
| 2582 | <BR> |
| 2583 | </UL> |
| 2584 | </UL> |
| 2585 | </UL> |
| 2586 | <HR SIZE=1> |
| 2587 | <A NAME="SEC_OVERVIEW"></A> |
| 2588 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 2589 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 2590 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 2591 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 2592 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 2593 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 2594 | <H1>Short Table of Contents</H1> |
| 2595 | <BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 2596 | <A NAME="TOC1" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC1">1. Command Line Editing</A> |
| 2597 | <BR> |
| 2598 | <A NAME="TOC23" HREF="rluserman.html#SEC23">A. Copying This Manual</A> |
| 2599 | <BR> |
| 2600 | |
| 2601 | </BLOCKQUOTE> |
| 2602 | <HR SIZE=1> |
| 2603 | <A NAME="SEC_About"></A> |
| 2604 | <TABLE CELLPADDING=1 CELLSPACING=1 BORDER=0> |
| 2605 | <TR><TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Top">Top</A>]</TD> |
| 2606 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_Contents">Contents</A>]</TD> |
| 2607 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[Index]</TD> |
| 2608 | <TD VALIGN="MIDDLE" ALIGN="LEFT">[<A HREF="rluserman.html#SEC_About"> ? </A>]</TD> |
| 2609 | </TR></TABLE> |
| 2610 | <H1>About this document</H1> |
| 2611 | This document was generated by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 27 2004</I> |
| 2612 | using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html |
| 2613 | "><I>texi2html</I></A> |
| 2614 | <P></P> |
| 2615 | The buttons in the navigation panels have the following meaning: |
| 2616 | <P></P> |
| 2617 | <table border = "1"> |
| 2618 | <TR> |
| 2619 | <TH> Button </TH> |
| 2620 | <TH> Name </TH> |
| 2621 | <TH> Go to </TH> |
| 2622 | <TH> From 1.2.3 go to</TH> |
| 2623 | </TR> |
| 2624 | <TR> |
| 2625 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2626 | [ < ] </TD> |
| 2627 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2628 | Back |
| 2629 | </TD> |
| 2630 | <TD> |
| 2631 | previous section in reading order |
| 2632 | </TD> |
| 2633 | <TD> |
| 2634 | 1.2.2 |
| 2635 | </TD> |
| 2636 | </TR> |
| 2637 | <TR> |
| 2638 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2639 | [ > ] </TD> |
| 2640 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2641 | Forward |
| 2642 | </TD> |
| 2643 | <TD> |
| 2644 | next section in reading order |
| 2645 | </TD> |
| 2646 | <TD> |
| 2647 | 1.2.4 |
| 2648 | </TD> |
| 2649 | </TR> |
| 2650 | <TR> |
| 2651 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2652 | [ << ] </TD> |
| 2653 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2654 | FastBack |
| 2655 | </TD> |
| 2656 | <TD> |
| 2657 | previous or up-and-previous section |
| 2658 | </TD> |
| 2659 | <TD> |
| 2660 | 1.1 |
| 2661 | </TD> |
| 2662 | </TR> |
| 2663 | <TR> |
| 2664 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2665 | [ Up ] </TD> |
| 2666 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2667 | Up |
| 2668 | </TD> |
| 2669 | <TD> |
| 2670 | up section |
| 2671 | </TD> |
| 2672 | <TD> |
| 2673 | 1.2 |
| 2674 | </TD> |
| 2675 | </TR> |
| 2676 | <TR> |
| 2677 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2678 | [ >> ] </TD> |
| 2679 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2680 | FastForward |
| 2681 | </TD> |
| 2682 | <TD> |
| 2683 | next or up-and-next section |
| 2684 | </TD> |
| 2685 | <TD> |
| 2686 | 1.3 |
| 2687 | </TD> |
| 2688 | </TR> |
| 2689 | <TR> |
| 2690 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2691 | [Top] </TD> |
| 2692 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2693 | Top |
| 2694 | </TD> |
| 2695 | <TD> |
| 2696 | cover (top) of document |
| 2697 | </TD> |
| 2698 | <TD> |
| 2699 | |
| 2700 | </TD> |
| 2701 | </TR> |
| 2702 | <TR> |
| 2703 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2704 | [Contents] </TD> |
| 2705 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2706 | Contents |
| 2707 | </TD> |
| 2708 | <TD> |
| 2709 | table of contents |
| 2710 | </TD> |
| 2711 | <TD> |
| 2712 | |
| 2713 | </TD> |
| 2714 | </TR> |
| 2715 | <TR> |
| 2716 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2717 | [Index] </TD> |
| 2718 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2719 | Index |
| 2720 | </TD> |
| 2721 | <TD> |
| 2722 | concept index |
| 2723 | </TD> |
| 2724 | <TD> |
| 2725 | |
| 2726 | </TD> |
| 2727 | </TR> |
| 2728 | <TR> |
| 2729 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2730 | [ ? ] </TD> |
| 2731 | <TD ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 2732 | About |
| 2733 | </TD> |
| 2734 | <TD> |
| 2735 | this page |
| 2736 | </TD> |
| 2737 | <TD> |
| 2738 | |
| 2739 | </TD> |
| 2740 | </TR> |
| 2741 | </TABLE> |
| 2742 | <P></P> |
| 2743 | where the <STRONG> Example </STRONG> assumes that the current position |
| 2744 | is at <STRONG> Subsubsection One-Two-Three </STRONG> of a document of |
| 2745 | the following structure: |
| 2746 | <UL> |
| 2747 | <LI> 1. Section One </LI> |
| 2748 | <UL> |
| 2749 | <LI>1.1 Subsection One-One</LI> |
| 2750 | <UL> |
| 2751 | <LI> ... </LI> |
| 2752 | </UL> |
| 2753 | <LI>1.2 Subsection One-Two</LI> |
| 2754 | <UL> |
| 2755 | <LI>1.2.1 Subsubsection One-Two-One |
| 2756 | </LI><LI>1.2.2 Subsubsection One-Two-Two |
| 2757 | </LI><LI>1.2.3 Subsubsection One-Two-Three <STRONG> |
| 2758 | <== Current Position </STRONG> |
| 2759 | </LI><LI>1.2.4 Subsubsection One-Two-Four |
| 2760 | </LI></UL> |
| 2761 | <LI>1.3 Subsection One-Three</LI> |
| 2762 | <UL> |
| 2763 | <LI> ... </LI> |
| 2764 | </UL> |
| 2765 | <LI>1.4 Subsection One-Four</LI> |
| 2766 | </UL> |
| 2767 | </UL> |
| 2768 | |
| 2769 | <HR SIZE=1> |
| 2770 | <BR> |
| 2771 | <FONT SIZE="-1"> |
| 2772 | This document was generated |
| 2773 | by <I>Chet Ramey</I> on <I>July, 27 2004</I> |
| 2774 | using <A HREF="http://www.mathematik.uni-kl.de/~obachman/Texi2html |
| 2775 | "><I>texi2html</I></A> |
| 2776 | |
| 2777 | </BODY> |
| 2778 | </HTML> |