| 1 | '\" |
| 2 | '\" Copyright (c) 1990-1994 The Regents of the University of California. |
| 3 | '\" Copyright (c) 1994-1996 Sun Microsystems, Inc. |
| 4 | '\" |
| 5 | '\" See the file "license.terms" for information on usage and redistribution |
| 6 | '\" of this file, and for a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES. |
| 7 | '\" |
| 8 | '\" RCS: @(#) $Id: after.n,v 1.3.18.2 2004/10/27 14:23:41 dkf Exp $ |
| 9 | '\" |
| 10 | '\" The definitions below are for supplemental macros used in Tcl/Tk |
| 11 | '\" manual entries. |
| 12 | '\" |
| 13 | '\" .AP type name in/out ?indent? |
| 14 | '\" Start paragraph describing an argument to a library procedure. |
| 15 | '\" type is type of argument (int, etc.), in/out is either "in", "out", |
| 16 | '\" or "in/out" to describe whether procedure reads or modifies arg, |
| 17 | '\" and indent is equivalent to second arg of .IP (shouldn't ever be |
| 18 | '\" needed; use .AS below instead) |
| 19 | '\" |
| 20 | '\" .AS ?type? ?name? |
| 21 | '\" Give maximum sizes of arguments for setting tab stops. Type and |
| 22 | '\" name are examples of largest possible arguments that will be passed |
| 23 | '\" to .AP later. If args are omitted, default tab stops are used. |
| 24 | '\" |
| 25 | '\" .BS |
| 26 | '\" Start box enclosure. From here until next .BE, everything will be |
| 27 | '\" enclosed in one large box. |
| 28 | '\" |
| 29 | '\" .BE |
| 30 | '\" End of box enclosure. |
| 31 | '\" |
| 32 | '\" .CS |
| 33 | '\" Begin code excerpt. |
| 34 | '\" |
| 35 | '\" .CE |
| 36 | '\" End code excerpt. |
| 37 | '\" |
| 38 | '\" .VS ?version? ?br? |
| 39 | '\" Begin vertical sidebar, for use in marking newly-changed parts |
| 40 | '\" of man pages. The first argument is ignored and used for recording |
| 41 | '\" the version when the .VS was added, so that the sidebars can be |
| 42 | '\" found and removed when they reach a certain age. If another argument |
| 43 | '\" is present, then a line break is forced before starting the sidebar. |
| 44 | '\" |
| 45 | '\" .VE |
| 46 | '\" End of vertical sidebar. |
| 47 | '\" |
| 48 | '\" .DS |
| 49 | '\" Begin an indented unfilled display. |
| 50 | '\" |
| 51 | '\" .DE |
| 52 | '\" End of indented unfilled display. |
| 53 | '\" |
| 54 | '\" .SO |
| 55 | '\" Start of list of standard options for a Tk widget. The |
| 56 | '\" options follow on successive lines, in four columns separated |
| 57 | '\" by tabs. |
| 58 | '\" |
| 59 | '\" .SE |
| 60 | '\" End of list of standard options for a Tk widget. |
| 61 | '\" |
| 62 | '\" .OP cmdName dbName dbClass |
| 63 | '\" Start of description of a specific option. cmdName gives the |
| 64 | '\" option's name as specified in the class command, dbName gives |
| 65 | '\" the option's name in the option database, and dbClass gives |
| 66 | '\" the option's class in the option database. |
| 67 | '\" |
| 68 | '\" .UL arg1 arg2 |
| 69 | '\" Print arg1 underlined, then print arg2 normally. |
| 70 | '\" |
| 71 | '\" RCS: @(#) $Id: man.macros,v 1.4 2000/08/25 06:18:32 ericm Exp $ |
| 72 | '\" |
| 73 | '\" # Set up traps and other miscellaneous stuff for Tcl/Tk man pages. |
| 74 | .if t .wh -1.3i ^B |
| 75 | .nr ^l \n(.l |
| 76 | .ad b |
| 77 | '\" # Start an argument description |
| 78 | .de AP |
| 79 | .ie !"\\$4"" .TP \\$4 |
| 80 | .el \{\ |
| 81 | . ie !"\\$2"" .TP \\n()Cu |
| 82 | . el .TP 15 |
| 83 | .\} |
| 84 | .ta \\n()Au \\n()Bu |
| 85 | .ie !"\\$3"" \{\ |
| 86 | \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP (\\$3) |
| 87 | .\".b |
| 88 | .\} |
| 89 | .el \{\ |
| 90 | .br |
| 91 | .ie !"\\$2"" \{\ |
| 92 | \&\\$1 \\fI\\$2\\fP |
| 93 | .\} |
| 94 | .el \{\ |
| 95 | \&\\fI\\$1\\fP |
| 96 | .\} |
| 97 | .\} |
| 98 | .. |
| 99 | '\" # define tabbing values for .AP |
| 100 | .de AS |
| 101 | .nr )A 10n |
| 102 | .if !"\\$1"" .nr )A \\w'\\$1'u+3n |
| 103 | .nr )B \\n()Au+15n |
| 104 | .\" |
| 105 | .if !"\\$2"" .nr )B \\w'\\$2'u+\\n()Au+3n |
| 106 | .nr )C \\n()Bu+\\w'(in/out)'u+2n |
| 107 | .. |
| 108 | .AS Tcl_Interp Tcl_CreateInterp in/out |
| 109 | '\" # BS - start boxed text |
| 110 | '\" # ^y = starting y location |
| 111 | '\" # ^b = 1 |
| 112 | .de BS |
| 113 | .br |
| 114 | .mk ^y |
| 115 | .nr ^b 1u |
| 116 | .if n .nf |
| 117 | .if n .ti 0 |
| 118 | .if n \l'\\n(.lu\(ul' |
| 119 | .if n .fi |
| 120 | .. |
| 121 | '\" # BE - end boxed text (draw box now) |
| 122 | .de BE |
| 123 | .nf |
| 124 | .ti 0 |
| 125 | .mk ^t |
| 126 | .ie n \l'\\n(^lu\(ul' |
| 127 | .el \{\ |
| 128 | .\" Draw four-sided box normally, but don't draw top of |
| 129 | .\" box if the box started on an earlier page. |
| 130 | .ie !\\n(^b-1 \{\ |
| 131 | \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' |
| 132 | .\} |
| 133 | .el \}\ |
| 134 | \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\l'|0u-1.5n\(ul' |
| 135 | .\} |
| 136 | .\} |
| 137 | .fi |
| 138 | .br |
| 139 | .nr ^b 0 |
| 140 | .. |
| 141 | '\" # VS - start vertical sidebar |
| 142 | '\" # ^Y = starting y location |
| 143 | '\" # ^v = 1 (for troff; for nroff this doesn't matter) |
| 144 | .de VS |
| 145 | .if !"\\$2"" .br |
| 146 | .mk ^Y |
| 147 | .ie n 'mc \s12\(br\s0 |
| 148 | .el .nr ^v 1u |
| 149 | .. |
| 150 | '\" # VE - end of vertical sidebar |
| 151 | .de VE |
| 152 | .ie n 'mc |
| 153 | .el \{\ |
| 154 | .ev 2 |
| 155 | .nf |
| 156 | .ti 0 |
| 157 | .mk ^t |
| 158 | \h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\L'|\\n(^Yu-1v\(bv'\v'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu'\h'-|\\n(^lu+3n' |
| 159 | .sp -1 |
| 160 | .fi |
| 161 | .ev |
| 162 | .\} |
| 163 | .nr ^v 0 |
| 164 | .. |
| 165 | '\" # Special macro to handle page bottom: finish off current |
| 166 | '\" # box/sidebar if in box/sidebar mode, then invoked standard |
| 167 | '\" # page bottom macro. |
| 168 | .de ^B |
| 169 | .ev 2 |
| 170 | 'ti 0 |
| 171 | 'nf |
| 172 | .mk ^t |
| 173 | .if \\n(^b \{\ |
| 174 | .\" Draw three-sided box if this is the box's first page, |
| 175 | .\" draw two sides but no top otherwise. |
| 176 | .ie !\\n(^b-1 \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\l'\\n(^lu+3n\(ul'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c |
| 177 | .el \h'-1.5n'\L'|\\n(^yu-1v'\h'\\n(^lu+3n'\L'\\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^yu'\h'|0u'\c |
| 178 | .\} |
| 179 | .if \\n(^v \{\ |
| 180 | .nr ^x \\n(^tu+1v-\\n(^Yu |
| 181 | \kx\h'-\\nxu'\h'|\\n(^lu+3n'\ky\L'-\\n(^xu'\v'\\n(^xu'\h'|0u'\c |
| 182 | .\} |
| 183 | .bp |
| 184 | 'fi |
| 185 | .ev |
| 186 | .if \\n(^b \{\ |
| 187 | .mk ^y |
| 188 | .nr ^b 2 |
| 189 | .\} |
| 190 | .if \\n(^v \{\ |
| 191 | .mk ^Y |
| 192 | .\} |
| 193 | .. |
| 194 | '\" # DS - begin display |
| 195 | .de DS |
| 196 | .RS |
| 197 | .nf |
| 198 | .sp |
| 199 | .. |
| 200 | '\" # DE - end display |
| 201 | .de DE |
| 202 | .fi |
| 203 | .RE |
| 204 | .sp |
| 205 | .. |
| 206 | '\" # SO - start of list of standard options |
| 207 | .de SO |
| 208 | .SH "STANDARD OPTIONS" |
| 209 | .LP |
| 210 | .nf |
| 211 | .ta 5.5c 11c |
| 212 | .ft B |
| 213 | .. |
| 214 | '\" # SE - end of list of standard options |
| 215 | .de SE |
| 216 | .fi |
| 217 | .ft R |
| 218 | .LP |
| 219 | See the \\fBoptions\\fR manual entry for details on the standard options. |
| 220 | .. |
| 221 | '\" # OP - start of full description for a single option |
| 222 | .de OP |
| 223 | .LP |
| 224 | .nf |
| 225 | .ta 4c |
| 226 | Command-Line Name: \\fB\\$1\\fR |
| 227 | Database Name: \\fB\\$2\\fR |
| 228 | Database Class: \\fB\\$3\\fR |
| 229 | .fi |
| 230 | .IP |
| 231 | .. |
| 232 | '\" # CS - begin code excerpt |
| 233 | .de CS |
| 234 | .RS |
| 235 | .nf |
| 236 | .ta .25i .5i .75i 1i |
| 237 | .. |
| 238 | '\" # CE - end code excerpt |
| 239 | .de CE |
| 240 | .fi |
| 241 | .RE |
| 242 | .. |
| 243 | .de UL |
| 244 | \\$1\l'|0\(ul'\\$2 |
| 245 | .. |
| 246 | .TH after n 7.5 Tcl "Tcl Built-In Commands" |
| 247 | .BS |
| 248 | '\" Note: do not modify the .SH NAME line immediately below! |
| 249 | .SH NAME |
| 250 | after \- Execute a command after a time delay |
| 251 | .SH SYNOPSIS |
| 252 | \fBafter \fIms\fR |
| 253 | .sp |
| 254 | \fBafter \fIms \fR?\fIscript script script ...\fR? |
| 255 | .sp |
| 256 | \fBafter cancel \fIid\fR |
| 257 | .sp |
| 258 | \fBafter cancel \fIscript script script ...\fR |
| 259 | .sp |
| 260 | \fBafter idle \fR?\fIscript script script ...\fR? |
| 261 | .sp |
| 262 | \fBafter info \fR?\fIid\fR? |
| 263 | .BE |
| 264 | |
| 265 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
| 266 | .PP |
| 267 | This command is used to delay execution of the program or to execute |
| 268 | a command in background sometime in the future. It has several forms, |
| 269 | depending on the first argument to the command: |
| 270 | .TP |
| 271 | \fBafter \fIms\fR |
| 272 | \fIMs\fR must be an integer giving a time in milliseconds. |
| 273 | The command sleeps for \fIms\fR milliseconds and then returns. |
| 274 | While the command is sleeping the application does not respond to |
| 275 | events. |
| 276 | .TP |
| 277 | \fBafter \fIms \fR?\fIscript script script ...\fR? |
| 278 | In this form the command returns immediately, but it arranges |
| 279 | for a Tcl command to be executed \fIms\fR milliseconds later as an |
| 280 | event handler. |
| 281 | The command will be executed exactly once, at the given time. |
| 282 | The delayed command is formed by concatenating all the \fIscript\fR |
| 283 | arguments in the same fashion as the \fBconcat\fR command. |
| 284 | The command will be executed at global level (outside the context |
| 285 | of any Tcl procedure). |
| 286 | If an error occurs while executing the delayed command then the |
| 287 | \fBbgerror\fR mechanism is used to report the error. |
| 288 | The \fBafter\fR command returns an identifier that can be used |
| 289 | to cancel the delayed command using \fBafter cancel\fR. |
| 290 | .TP |
| 291 | \fBafter cancel \fIid\fR |
| 292 | Cancels the execution of a delayed command that |
| 293 | was previously scheduled. |
| 294 | \fIId\fR indicates which command should be canceled; it must have |
| 295 | been the return value from a previous \fBafter\fR command. |
| 296 | If the command given by \fIid\fR has already been executed then |
| 297 | the \fBafter cancel\fR command has no effect. |
| 298 | .TP |
| 299 | \fBafter cancel \fIscript script ...\fR |
| 300 | This command also cancels the execution of a delayed command. |
| 301 | The \fIscript\fR arguments are concatenated together with space |
| 302 | separators (just as in the \fBconcat\fR command). |
| 303 | If there is a pending command that matches the string, it is |
| 304 | cancelled and will never be executed; if no such command is |
| 305 | currently pending then the \fBafter cancel\fR command has no effect. |
| 306 | .TP |
| 307 | \fBafter idle \fIscript \fR?\fIscript script ...\fR? |
| 308 | Concatenates the \fIscript\fR arguments together with space |
| 309 | separators (just as in the \fBconcat\fR command), and arranges |
| 310 | for the resulting script to be evaluated later as an idle callback. |
| 311 | The script will be run exactly once, the next time the event |
| 312 | loop is entered and there are no events to process. |
| 313 | The command returns an identifier that can be used |
| 314 | to cancel the delayed command using \fBafter cancel\fR. |
| 315 | If an error occurs while executing the script then the |
| 316 | \fBbgerror\fR mechanism is used to report the error. |
| 317 | .TP |
| 318 | \fBafter info \fR?\fIid\fR? |
| 319 | This command returns information about existing event handlers. |
| 320 | If no \fIid\fR argument is supplied, the command returns |
| 321 | a list of the identifiers for all existing |
| 322 | event handlers created by the \fBafter\fR command for this |
| 323 | interpreter. |
| 324 | If \fIid\fR is supplied, it specifies an existing handler; |
| 325 | \fIid\fR must have been the return value from some previous call |
| 326 | to \fBafter\fR and it must not have triggered yet or been cancelled. |
| 327 | In this case the command returns a list with two elements. |
| 328 | The first element of the list is the script associated |
| 329 | with \fIid\fR, and the second element is either |
| 330 | \fBidle\fR or \fBtimer\fR to indicate what kind of event |
| 331 | handler it is. |
| 332 | .LP |
| 333 | The \fBafter \fIms\fR and \fBafter idle\fR forms of the command |
| 334 | assume that the application is event driven: the delayed commands |
| 335 | will not be executed unless the application enters the event loop. |
| 336 | In applications that are not normally event-driven, such as |
| 337 | \fBtclsh\fR, the event loop can be entered with the \fBvwait\fR |
| 338 | and \fBupdate\fR commands. |
| 339 | .SH "EXAMPLES" |
| 340 | This defines a command to make Tcl do nothing at all for \fIN\fR |
| 341 | seconds: |
| 342 | .CS |
| 343 | proc sleep {N} { |
| 344 | \fBafter\fR [expr {int($N * 1000)}] |
| 345 | } |
| 346 | .CE |
| 347 | .PP |
| 348 | This arranges for the command \fIwake_up\fR to be run in eight hours |
| 349 | (providing the event loop is active at that time): |
| 350 | .CS |
| 351 | \fBafter\fR [expr {1000 * 60 * 60 * 8}] wake_up |
| 352 | .CE |
| 353 | .PP |
| 354 | The following command can be used to do long-running calculations (as |
| 355 | represented here by \fI::my_calc::one_step\fR, which is assumed to |
| 356 | return a boolean indicating whether another step should be performed) |
| 357 | in a step-by-step fashion, though the calculation itself needs to be |
| 358 | arranged so it can work step-wise. This technique is extra careful to |
| 359 | ensure that the event loop is not starved by the rescheduling of |
| 360 | processing steps (arranging for the next step to be done using an |
| 361 | already-triggered timer event only when the event queue has been |
| 362 | drained) and is useful when you want to ensure that a Tk GUI remains |
| 363 | responsive during a slow task. |
| 364 | .CS |
| 365 | proc doOneStep {} { |
| 366 | if {[::my_calc::one_step]} { |
| 367 | \fBafter idle\fR [list \fBafter\fR 0 doOneStep] |
| 368 | } |
| 369 | } |
| 370 | doOneStep |
| 371 | .CE |
| 372 | |
| 373 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
| 374 | bgerror(n), concat(n), update(n), vwait(n) |
| 375 | |
| 376 | .SH KEYWORDS |
| 377 | cancel, delay, idle callback, sleep, time |