| 1 | |
| 2 | <html> |
| 3 | <head> |
| 4 | <meta name="description" content="Pmw - a toolkit for building high-level compound widgets in Python"> |
| 5 | <meta name="content" content="python, megawidget, mega widget, compound widget, gui, tkinter"> |
| 6 | <title>Pmw.MainMenuBar reference manual</title> |
| 7 | </head> |
| 8 | |
| 9 | <body bgcolor="#ffffff" text="#000000" link="#0000ee" |
| 10 | vlink="551a8b" alink="ff0000"> |
| 11 | |
| 12 | <h1 ALIGN="CENTER">Pmw.MainMenuBar</h1> |
| 13 | |
| 14 | <center><IMG SRC=MainMenuBar.gif ALT="" WIDTH=474 HEIGHT=29></center> |
| 15 | <dl> |
| 16 | <dt> <h3>Name</h3></dt><dd> |
| 17 | <p>Pmw.MainMenuBar() - |
| 18 | manager for toplevel native menus |
| 19 | </p> |
| 20 | |
| 21 | |
| 22 | </dd> |
| 23 | <dt> <h3>Inherits</h3></dt><dd> |
| 24 | <a href="MegaArchetype.html">Pmw.MegaArchetype</a><br> |
| 25 | </dd> |
| 26 | <dt> <h3>Description</h3></dt><dd> |
| 27 | <p> |
| 28 | This class is a wrapper for the Tkinter.Menu class. It should be |
| 29 | used as the main menu of toplevel windows. The class is similar |
| 30 | to <a href="MenuBar.html">Pmw.MenuBar</a>, but should be used when native menus are required. |
| 31 | See the Tkinter.Menu documentation for full details.</p> |
| 32 | |
| 33 | <p> This class should be created as the child of a Tkinter.Toplevel |
| 34 | and should then be specified as the menu associated with the |
| 35 | toplevel, using the toplevel's <code>configure()</code> method. For example:</p> |
| 36 | <dl><dd><pre> # Create a Pmw.MegaToplevel. |
| 37 | megaToplevel = Pmw.MegaToplevel() |
| 38 | # Get the Tkinter.Toplevel from Pmw.MegaToplevel. |
| 39 | toplevel = megaToplevel.interior() |
| 40 | # Create the menu bar for the toplevel. |
| 41 | menuBar = Pmw.MainMenuBar(toplevel) |
| 42 | # Configure the toplevel to use the menuBar. |
| 43 | toplevel.configure(menu = menuBar)</pre></dd></dl> |
| 44 | |
| 45 | |
| 46 | <p> There are methods to add menus, both as toplevel menus and |
| 47 | sub-menus, and for adding menu items to the menus. Each menu item |
| 48 | may have help text to be displayed by a <a href="Balloon.html">Pmw.Balloon</a>. Each menu and |
| 49 | cascaded menu (sub-menu) is referenced by name which is supplied |
| 50 | on creation.</p> |
| 51 | |
| 52 | <p> This megawidget is derived from <a href="MegaArchetype.html">Pmw.MegaArchetype</a> (not <a href="MegaWidget.html">Pmw.MegaWidget</a> |
| 53 | like most other megawidgets), with the hull class being |
| 54 | Tkinter.Menu.</p> |
| 55 | |
| 56 | <p> (Note that due to bugs in Tk's menubar functionality, balloon help |
| 57 | has not been implemented and status help does not work properly.)</p> |
| 58 | |
| 59 | <p></p> |
| 60 | |
| 61 | |
| 62 | </dd> |
| 63 | <dt> <h3>Options</h3></dt><dd> |
| 64 | Options for this megawidget and its base |
| 65 | classes are described below.<p></p> |
| 66 | <a name=option.balloon></a> |
| 67 | <dl><dt> <strong>balloon |
| 68 | </strong></dt><dd> |
| 69 | Specifies a <a href="Balloon.html">Pmw.Balloon</a> to display the help text for menu items. If |
| 70 | <strong>None</strong>, no help is displayed. If the balloon has an associated |
| 71 | <a href="MessageBar.html">Pmw.MessageBar</a>, the help text will also be displayed there.</p> |
| 72 | <p> Due to a bug in some versions of Tk (8.0 and possible others), |
| 73 | help text will not be displayed by the balloon. However, help |
| 74 | text will be displayed in the balloon's associated messagebar. The default is <strong>None</strong>.</p> |
| 75 | |
| 76 | |
| 77 | |
| 78 | </dd></dl> |
| 79 | <a name=option.hotkeys></a> |
| 80 | <dl><dt> <strong>hotkeys |
| 81 | </strong></dt><dd> |
| 82 | Initialisation option. If true, keyboard accelerators will be assigned to each menu item. |
| 83 | Keyboard accelerators can be used to access the menus without |
| 84 | using the mouse. The accelerator character is always one of the |
| 85 | alphanumeric characters in the text label of the menu item and is |
| 86 | indicated by an underline.</p> |
| 87 | <p> To select a menu, simultaneously press the <strong><Alt></strong> key and the |
| 88 | accelerator character indicated on a toplevel menu item. The |
| 89 | arrows keys can then be used to select other menus and menu items. |
| 90 | To invoke a menu item, press <strong><Return></strong> or press the accelerator |
| 91 | character indicated on the menu item.</p> |
| 92 | |
| 93 | <p> Each accelerator character will be assigned automatically unless |
| 94 | <em>traverseSpec</em> is supplied to the <code>addmenu()</code>, <code>addmenuitem()</code> or |
| 95 | <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods. The automatically selected |
| 96 | accelerator character for a menu item is the first character in |
| 97 | the label text that has not already been used as an accelerator in |
| 98 | the menu containing the menu item.</p> |
| 99 | |
| 100 | <p> If <em>traverseSpec</em> is given, it must be either an integer or a |
| 101 | character. If an integer, it specifies the index of the character |
| 102 | in the label text to use as the accelerator character. If a |
| 103 | character, it specifies the character to use as the accelerator |
| 104 | character. The default is <strong>1</strong>.</p> |
| 105 | |
| 106 | |
| 107 | |
| 108 | </dd></dl> |
| 109 | </dd> |
| 110 | <dt> <h3>Components</h3></dt><dd> |
| 111 | Components created by this megawidget and its base |
| 112 | classes are described below.<p></p> |
| 113 | <a name=component.hull></a> |
| 114 | <dl><dt> <strong>hull |
| 115 | </strong></dt><dd> |
| 116 | The toplevel menu widget. By default, this component is a Tkinter.Menu.</p> |
| 117 | |
| 118 | |
| 119 | </dd></dl> |
| 120 | </dd> |
| 121 | <dt> <h3>Dynamic components</h3></dt><dd> |
| 122 | <p> |
| 123 | Menu components are created dynamically by the <code>addmenu()</code> and |
| 124 | <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods. By default, these are of type |
| 125 | Tkinter.Menu and are created with a component group of <strong>Menu</strong>.</p> |
| 126 | <p> </p> |
| 127 | |
| 128 | |
| 129 | |
| 130 | </dd> |
| 131 | <a name=methods></a> |
| 132 | <dt> <h3>Methods</h3></dt><dd> |
| 133 | Only methods specific to this megawidget are described below. |
| 134 | For a description of its inherited methods, see the |
| 135 | manual for its base class |
| 136 | <strong><a href="MegaArchetype.html#methods">Pmw.MegaArchetype</a></strong>. |
| 137 | In addition, methods from the |
| 138 | <strong>Tkinter.Menu</strong> class |
| 139 | are forwarded by this megawidget to the |
| 140 | <strong>hull</strong> component. |
| 141 | <p></p> |
| 142 | <a name=method.addcascademenu></a> |
| 143 | <dl><dt> <strong>addcascademenu</strong>(<em>parentMenuName</em>, <em>menuName</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>''</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd> |
| 144 | Add a cascade menu (sub-menu) to the menu <em>parentMenuName</em>. The |
| 145 | <em>menuName</em> argument must not be the same as any menu already |
| 146 | created using the <code>addmenu()</code> or <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods.</p> |
| 147 | <p> A menu item in the parent menu is created (with the |
| 148 | <code>add_cascade()</code> method of the parent menu) using all keyword |
| 149 | arguments except <strong>tearoff</strong> and <strong>name</strong>.</p> |
| 150 | |
| 151 | <p> If the <strong>label</strong> keyword argument is not given, the <strong>label</strong> option |
| 152 | of the menu item defaults to <em>menuName</em>. If the <strong>underline</strong> |
| 153 | keyword argument is not given (and the <strong>hotkeys</strong> megawidget option |
| 154 | is true) the <strong>underline</strong> option is determined as described under |
| 155 | <strong>hotkeys</strong> and is used to specify the keyboard accelerator.</p> |
| 156 | |
| 157 | <p> The <em>statusHelp</em> argument is used as the help string for the menu |
| 158 | item. This is displayed using the <code>showstatus()</code> method of the |
| 159 | balloon.</p> |
| 160 | |
| 161 | <p> The <strong>tearoff</strong> and <strong>name</strong> keyword arguments, if present, are passed |
| 162 | to the constructor of the menu. See Tkinter.Menu for details of |
| 163 | these options. The menu is created as a component named |
| 164 | <em>menuName</em>.</p> |
| 165 | |
| 166 | |
| 167 | |
| 168 | </dd></dl> |
| 169 | <a name=method.addmenu></a> |
| 170 | <dl><dt> <strong>addmenu</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>balloonHelp</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>None</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd> |
| 171 | Add a cascade menu to the toplevel menu. The <em>menuName</em> argument |
| 172 | must not be the same as any menu already created using the |
| 173 | <code>addmenu()</code> or <code>addcascademenu()</code> methods.</p> |
| 174 | <p> A menu item in the toplevel menu is created (with the |
| 175 | <code>add_cascade()</code> method) using all keyword arguments except |
| 176 | <strong>tearoff</strong> and <strong>name</strong>.</p> |
| 177 | |
| 178 | <p> If the <strong>label</strong> keyword argument is not given, the <strong>label</strong> option |
| 179 | of the menu button defaults to <em>menuName</em>. If the <strong>underline</strong> |
| 180 | keyword argument is not given (and the <strong>hotkeys</strong> megawidget option |
| 181 | is true) the <strong>underline</strong> option is determined as described under |
| 182 | <strong>hotkeys</strong> and is used to specify the keyboard accelerator.</p> |
| 183 | |
| 184 | <p> The <em>statusHelp</em> argument is used as the help string for the menu |
| 185 | item. This is displayed using the <code>showstatus()</code> method of the |
| 186 | balloon. Currently <em>balloonHelp</em> is not used, due to a bug in Tk |
| 187 | version 8.0.</p> |
| 188 | |
| 189 | <p> The <strong>tearoff</strong> and <strong>name</strong> keyword arguments, if present, are passed |
| 190 | to the constructor of the menu. See Tkinter.Menu for details of |
| 191 | these options. The menu is created as a component named |
| 192 | <em>menuName</em>.</p> |
| 193 | |
| 194 | |
| 195 | |
| 196 | </dd></dl> |
| 197 | <a name=method.addmenuitem></a> |
| 198 | <dl><dt> <strong>addmenuitem</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>itemType</em>, <em>statusHelp</em> = <strong>''</strong>, <em>traverseSpec</em> = <strong>None</strong>, **<em>kw</em>)</dt><dd> |
| 199 | Add a menu item to the menu <em>menuName</em>. The kind of menu item is |
| 200 | given by <em>itemType</em> and may be one of <strong>command</strong>, <strong>separator</strong>, |
| 201 | <strong>checkbutton</strong>, <strong>radiobutton</strong> or <strong>cascade</strong> (although cascade menus |
| 202 | are better added using the <code>addcascademenu()</code> method). Any |
| 203 | keyword arguments present will be passed to the menu when creating |
| 204 | the menu item. See Tkinter.Menu for the valid options for each |
| 205 | item type. In addition, a keyboard accelerator may be |
| 206 | automatically given to the item, as described under <strong>hotkeys</strong>. </p> |
| 207 | <p> When the mouse is moved over the menu item, the <em>helpString</em> will |
| 208 | be displayed by the <strong>balloon</strong>'s <strong>statuscommand</strong>.</p> |
| 209 | |
| 210 | |
| 211 | |
| 212 | </dd></dl> |
| 213 | <a name=method.deletemenu></a> |
| 214 | <dl><dt> <strong>deletemenu</strong>(<em>menuName</em>)</dt><dd> |
| 215 | Delete the menu <em>menuName</em> and all its items. The menu may either |
| 216 | be a toplevel menu or a cascade menu.</p> |
| 217 | |
| 218 | |
| 219 | </dd></dl> |
| 220 | <a name=method.deletemenuitems></a> |
| 221 | <dl><dt> <strong>deletemenuitems</strong>(<em>menuName</em>, <em>start</em>, <em>end</em> = <strong>None</strong>)</dt><dd> |
| 222 | Delete menu items from the menu <em>menuName</em>. If <em>end</em> is not |
| 223 | given, the <em>start</em> item is deleted. Otherwise all items from |
| 224 | <em>start</em> to <em>end</em> are deleted.</p> |
| 225 | |
| 226 | |
| 227 | </dd></dl> |
| 228 | <a name=method.disableall></a> |
| 229 | <dl><dt> <strong>disableall</strong>()</dt><dd> |
| 230 | Disable all toplevel menus.</p> |
| 231 | |
| 232 | |
| 233 | </dd></dl> |
| 234 | <a name=method.enableall></a> |
| 235 | <dl><dt> <strong>enableall</strong>()</dt><dd> |
| 236 | Enable all toplevel menus.</p> |
| 237 | |
| 238 | |
| 239 | </dd></dl> |
| 240 | </dd> |
| 241 | <dt> <h3>Example</h3></dt><dd> |
| 242 | The image at the top of this manual is a snapshot |
| 243 | of the window (or part of the window) produced |
| 244 | by the following code.<p></p> |
| 245 | <pre> |
| 246 | class Demo: |
| 247 | def __init__(self, parent): |
| 248 | # Create button to launch the toplevel with main menubar. |
| 249 | w = Tkinter.Button(parent, text = 'Show Pmw.MainMenuBar demo', |
| 250 | command = lambda parent=parent: MainMenuBarToplevel(parent)) |
| 251 | w.pack(padx = 8, pady = 8) |
| 252 | |
| 253 | class MainMenuBarToplevel: |
| 254 | def __init__(self, parent): |
| 255 | # Create the toplevel to contain the main menubar. |
| 256 | megaToplevel = Pmw.MegaToplevel(parent, title = title) |
| 257 | toplevel = megaToplevel.interior() |
| 258 | |
| 259 | # Create the Balloon for this toplevel. |
| 260 | self.balloon = Pmw.Balloon(toplevel) |
| 261 | |
| 262 | # Create and install the MenuBar. |
| 263 | menuBar = Pmw.MainMenuBar(toplevel, |
| 264 | balloon = self.balloon) |
| 265 | toplevel.configure(menu = menuBar) |
| 266 | self.menuBar = menuBar |
| 267 | |
| 268 | # Add some buttons to the MainMenuBar. |
| 269 | menuBar.addmenu('File', 'Close this window or exit') |
| 270 | menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'command', 'Close this window', |
| 271 | command = PrintOne('Action: close'), |
| 272 | label = 'Close') |
| 273 | menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'separator') |
| 274 | menuBar.addmenuitem('File', 'command', 'Exit the application', |
| 275 | command = PrintOne('Action: exit'), |
| 276 | label = 'Exit') |
| 277 | |
| 278 | menuBar.addmenu('Edit', 'Cut, copy or paste') |
| 279 | menuBar.addmenuitem('Edit', 'command', 'Delete the current selection', |
| 280 | command = PrintOne('Action: delete'), |
| 281 | label = 'Delete') |
| 282 | |
| 283 | menuBar.addmenu('Options', 'Set user preferences') |
| 284 | menuBar.addmenuitem('Options', 'command', 'Set general preferences', |
| 285 | command = PrintOne('Action: general options'), |
| 286 | label = 'General...') |
| 287 | |
| 288 | # Create a checkbutton menu item. |
| 289 | self.toggleVar = Tkinter.IntVar() |
| 290 | # Initialise the checkbutton to 1: |
| 291 | self.toggleVar.set(1) |
| 292 | menuBar.addmenuitem('Options', 'checkbutton', 'Toggle me on/off', |
| 293 | label = 'Toggle', |
| 294 | command = self._toggleMe, |
| 295 | variable = self.toggleVar) |
| 296 | self._toggleMe() |
| 297 | |
| 298 | menuBar.addcascademenu('Options', 'Size', |
| 299 | 'Set some other preferences', traverseSpec = 'z', tearoff = 1) |
| 300 | for size in ('tiny', 'small', 'average', 'big', 'huge'): |
| 301 | menuBar.addmenuitem('Size', 'command', 'Set size to ' + size, |
| 302 | command = PrintOne('Action: size ' + size), |
| 303 | label = size) |
| 304 | |
| 305 | menuBar.addmenu('Help', 'User manuals', name = 'help') |
| 306 | menuBar.addmenuitem('Help', 'command', 'About this application', |
| 307 | command = PrintOne('Action: about'), |
| 308 | label = 'About...') |
| 309 | |
| 310 | # Create and pack the main part of the window. |
| 311 | self.mainPart = Tkinter.Label(toplevel, |
| 312 | text = 'This is the\nmain part of\nthe window', |
| 313 | background = 'black', |
| 314 | foreground = 'white', |
| 315 | padx = 30, |
| 316 | pady = 30) |
| 317 | self.mainPart.pack(fill = 'both', expand = 1) |
| 318 | |
| 319 | # Create and pack the MessageBar. |
| 320 | self.messageBar = Pmw.MessageBar(toplevel, |
| 321 | entry_width = 40, |
| 322 | entry_relief='groove', |
| 323 | labelpos = 'w', |
| 324 | label_text = 'Status:') |
| 325 | self.messageBar.pack(fill = 'x', padx = 10, pady = 10) |
| 326 | self.messageBar.message('state', |
| 327 | 'Balloon/status help not working properly - Tk menubar bug') |
| 328 | |
| 329 | buttonBox = Pmw.ButtonBox(toplevel) |
| 330 | buttonBox.pack(fill = 'x') |
| 331 | buttonBox.add('Disable\nall', command = menuBar.disableall) |
| 332 | buttonBox.add('Enable\nall', command = menuBar.enableall) |
| 333 | buttonBox.add('Create\nmenu', command = self.add) |
| 334 | buttonBox.add('Delete\nmenu', command = self.delete) |
| 335 | buttonBox.add('Create\nitem', command = self.additem) |
| 336 | buttonBox.add('Delete\nitem', command = self.deleteitem) |
| 337 | |
| 338 | # Configure the balloon to displays its status messages in the |
| 339 | # message bar. |
| 340 | self.balloon.configure(statuscommand = self.messageBar.helpmessage) |
| 341 | |
| 342 | self.testMenuList = [] |
| 343 | |
| 344 | def _toggleMe(self): |
| 345 | print 'Toggle value:', self.toggleVar.get() |
| 346 | |
| 347 | def add(self): |
| 348 | if len(self.testMenuList) == 0: |
| 349 | num = 0 |
| 350 | else: |
| 351 | num = self.testMenuList[-1] |
| 352 | num = num + 1 |
| 353 | name = 'Menu%d' % num |
| 354 | self.testMenuList.append(num) |
| 355 | |
| 356 | self.menuBar.addmenu(name, 'This is ' + name) |
| 357 | |
| 358 | def delete(self): |
| 359 | if len(self.testMenuList) == 0: |
| 360 | self.menuBar.bell() |
| 361 | else: |
| 362 | num = self.testMenuList[0] |
| 363 | name = 'Menu%d' % num |
| 364 | del self.testMenuList[0] |
| 365 | self.menuBar.deletemenu(name) |
| 366 | |
| 367 | def additem(self): |
| 368 | if len(self.testMenuList) == 0: |
| 369 | self.menuBar.bell() |
| 370 | else: |
| 371 | num = self.testMenuList[-1] |
| 372 | menuName = 'Menu%d' % num |
| 373 | menu = self.menuBar.component(menuName) |
| 374 | if menu.index('end') is None: |
| 375 | label = 'item X' |
| 376 | else: |
| 377 | label = menu.entrycget('end', 'label') + 'X' |
| 378 | self.menuBar.addmenuitem(menuName, 'command', 'Help for ' + label, |
| 379 | command = PrintOne('Action: ' + menuName + ': ' + label), |
| 380 | label = label) |
| 381 | |
| 382 | def deleteitem(self): |
| 383 | if len(self.testMenuList) == 0: |
| 384 | self.menuBar.bell() |
| 385 | else: |
| 386 | num = self.testMenuList[-1] |
| 387 | menuName = 'Menu%d' % num |
| 388 | menu = self.menuBar.component(menuName) |
| 389 | if menu.index('end') is None: |
| 390 | self.menuBar.bell() |
| 391 | else: |
| 392 | self.menuBar.deletemenuitems(menuName, 0) |
| 393 | |
| 394 | class PrintOne: |
| 395 | def __init__(self, text): |
| 396 | self.text = text |
| 397 | |
| 398 | def __call__(self): |
| 399 | print self.text |
| 400 | |
| 401 | </pre> |
| 402 | </dd> |
| 403 | </dl> |
| 404 | |
| 405 | <center><P ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 406 | <IMG SRC = blue_line.gif ALT = "" WIDTH=320 HEIGHT=5> |
| 407 | </p></center> |
| 408 | |
| 409 | |
| 410 | <font size=-1> |
| 411 | <center><P ALIGN="CENTER"> |
| 412 | Pmw 1.2 - |
| 413 | 5 Aug 2003 |
| 414 | - <a href="index.html">Home</a> |
| 415 | <br>Manual page last reviewed: 22 April 2000 |
| 416 | </p></center> |
| 417 | </font> |
| 418 | |
| 419 | </body> |
| 420 | </html> |
| 421 | |