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| 55 | <H1><A NAME="SECTION005600000000000000000"> |
| 56 | 3.6 <tt class="module">types</tt> -- |
| 57 | Names for built-in types</A> |
| 58 | </H1> |
| 59 | |
| 60 | <P> |
| 61 | <A NAME="module-types"></A> |
| 62 | |
| 63 | <P> |
| 64 | This module defines names for some object types that are used by |
| 65 | the standard Python interpreter, but not for the types defined by various |
| 66 | extension modules. Also, it does not include some of the types that |
| 67 | arise during processing such the <code>listiterator</code> type. |
| 68 | It is safe to use "<tt class="samp">from types import *</tt>" -- |
| 69 | the module does not export any names besides the ones listed here. |
| 70 | New names exported by future versions of this module will all end in |
| 71 | "<tt class="samp">Type</tt>". |
| 72 | |
| 73 | <P> |
| 74 | Typical use is for functions that do different things depending on |
| 75 | their argument types, like the following: |
| 76 | |
| 77 | <P> |
| 78 | <div class="verbatim"><pre> |
| 79 | from types import * |
| 80 | def delete(mylist, item): |
| 81 | if type(item) is IntType: |
| 82 | del mylist[item] |
| 83 | else: |
| 84 | mylist.remove(item) |
| 85 | </pre></div> |
| 86 | |
| 87 | <P> |
| 88 | Starting in Python 2.2, built-in factory functions such as |
| 89 | <tt class="function">int()</tt> and <tt class="function">str()</tt> are also names for the |
| 90 | corresponding types. This is now the preferred way to access |
| 91 | the type instead of using the <tt class="module">types</tt> module. Accordingly, |
| 92 | the example above should be written as follows: |
| 93 | |
| 94 | <P> |
| 95 | <div class="verbatim"><pre> |
| 96 | def delete(mylist, item): |
| 97 | if isinstance(item, int): |
| 98 | del mylist[item] |
| 99 | else: |
| 100 | mylist.remove(item) |
| 101 | </pre></div> |
| 102 | |
| 103 | <P> |
| 104 | The module defines the following names: |
| 105 | |
| 106 | <P> |
| 107 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-440' xml:id='l2h-440'>NoneType</tt></b></dt> |
| 108 | <dd> |
| 109 | The type of <code>None</code>. |
| 110 | </dd></dl> |
| 111 | |
| 112 | <P> |
| 113 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-441' xml:id='l2h-441'>TypeType</tt></b></dt> |
| 114 | <dd> |
| 115 | The type of type objects (such as returned by |
| 116 | <tt class="function">type()</tt><a id='l2h-442' xml:id='l2h-442'></a>). |
| 117 | </dd></dl> |
| 118 | |
| 119 | <P> |
| 120 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-443' xml:id='l2h-443'>BooleanType</tt></b></dt> |
| 121 | <dd> |
| 122 | The type of the <tt class="class">bool</tt> values <code>True</code> and <code>False</code>; this |
| 123 | is an alias of the built-in <tt class="function">bool()</tt> function. |
| 124 | |
| 125 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span> |
| 126 | |
| 127 | </dd></dl> |
| 128 | |
| 129 | <P> |
| 130 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-444' xml:id='l2h-444'>IntType</tt></b></dt> |
| 131 | <dd> |
| 132 | The type of integers (e.g. <code>1</code>). |
| 133 | </dd></dl> |
| 134 | |
| 135 | <P> |
| 136 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-445' xml:id='l2h-445'>LongType</tt></b></dt> |
| 137 | <dd> |
| 138 | The type of long integers (e.g. <code>1L</code>). |
| 139 | </dd></dl> |
| 140 | |
| 141 | <P> |
| 142 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-446' xml:id='l2h-446'>FloatType</tt></b></dt> |
| 143 | <dd> |
| 144 | The type of floating point numbers (e.g. <code>1.0</code>). |
| 145 | </dd></dl> |
| 146 | |
| 147 | <P> |
| 148 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-447' xml:id='l2h-447'>ComplexType</tt></b></dt> |
| 149 | <dd> |
| 150 | The type of complex numbers (e.g. <code>1.0j</code>). This is not defined |
| 151 | if Python was built without complex number support. |
| 152 | </dd></dl> |
| 153 | |
| 154 | <P> |
| 155 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-448' xml:id='l2h-448'>StringType</tt></b></dt> |
| 156 | <dd> |
| 157 | The type of character strings (e.g. <code>'Spam'</code>). |
| 158 | </dd></dl> |
| 159 | |
| 160 | <P> |
| 161 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-449' xml:id='l2h-449'>UnicodeType</tt></b></dt> |
| 162 | <dd> |
| 163 | The type of Unicode character strings (e.g. <code>u'Spam'</code>). This is |
| 164 | not defined if Python was built without Unicode support. |
| 165 | </dd></dl> |
| 166 | |
| 167 | <P> |
| 168 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-450' xml:id='l2h-450'>TupleType</tt></b></dt> |
| 169 | <dd> |
| 170 | The type of tuples (e.g. <code>(1, 2, 3, 'Spam')</code>). |
| 171 | </dd></dl> |
| 172 | |
| 173 | <P> |
| 174 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-451' xml:id='l2h-451'>ListType</tt></b></dt> |
| 175 | <dd> |
| 176 | The type of lists (e.g. <code>[0, 1, 2, 3]</code>). |
| 177 | </dd></dl> |
| 178 | |
| 179 | <P> |
| 180 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-452' xml:id='l2h-452'>DictType</tt></b></dt> |
| 181 | <dd> |
| 182 | The type of dictionaries (e.g. <code>{'Bacon': 1, 'Ham': 0}</code>). |
| 183 | </dd></dl> |
| 184 | |
| 185 | <P> |
| 186 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-453' xml:id='l2h-453'>DictionaryType</tt></b></dt> |
| 187 | <dd> |
| 188 | An alternate name for <code>DictType</code>. |
| 189 | </dd></dl> |
| 190 | |
| 191 | <P> |
| 192 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-454' xml:id='l2h-454'>FunctionType</tt></b></dt> |
| 193 | <dd> |
| 194 | The type of user-defined functions and lambdas. |
| 195 | </dd></dl> |
| 196 | |
| 197 | <P> |
| 198 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-455' xml:id='l2h-455'>LambdaType</tt></b></dt> |
| 199 | <dd> |
| 200 | An alternate name for <code>FunctionType</code>. |
| 201 | </dd></dl> |
| 202 | |
| 203 | <P> |
| 204 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-456' xml:id='l2h-456'>GeneratorType</tt></b></dt> |
| 205 | <dd> |
| 206 | The type of generator-iterator objects, produced by calling a |
| 207 | generator function. |
| 208 | |
| 209 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span> |
| 210 | |
| 211 | </dd></dl> |
| 212 | |
| 213 | <P> |
| 214 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-457' xml:id='l2h-457'>CodeType</tt></b></dt> |
| 215 | <dd> |
| 216 | The type for code objects such as returned by |
| 217 | <tt class="function">compile()</tt><a id='l2h-458' xml:id='l2h-458'></a>. |
| 218 | </dd></dl> |
| 219 | |
| 220 | <P> |
| 221 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-459' xml:id='l2h-459'>ClassType</tt></b></dt> |
| 222 | <dd> |
| 223 | The type of user-defined classes. |
| 224 | </dd></dl> |
| 225 | |
| 226 | <P> |
| 227 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-460' xml:id='l2h-460'>InstanceType</tt></b></dt> |
| 228 | <dd> |
| 229 | The type of instances of user-defined classes. |
| 230 | </dd></dl> |
| 231 | |
| 232 | <P> |
| 233 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-461' xml:id='l2h-461'>MethodType</tt></b></dt> |
| 234 | <dd> |
| 235 | The type of methods of user-defined class instances. |
| 236 | </dd></dl> |
| 237 | |
| 238 | <P> |
| 239 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-462' xml:id='l2h-462'>UnboundMethodType</tt></b></dt> |
| 240 | <dd> |
| 241 | An alternate name for <code>MethodType</code>. |
| 242 | </dd></dl> |
| 243 | |
| 244 | <P> |
| 245 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-463' xml:id='l2h-463'>BuiltinFunctionType</tt></b></dt> |
| 246 | <dd> |
| 247 | The type of built-in functions like <tt class="function">len()</tt> or |
| 248 | <tt class="function">sys.exit()</tt>. |
| 249 | </dd></dl> |
| 250 | |
| 251 | <P> |
| 252 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-464' xml:id='l2h-464'>BuiltinMethodType</tt></b></dt> |
| 253 | <dd> |
| 254 | An alternate name for <code>BuiltinFunction</code>. |
| 255 | </dd></dl> |
| 256 | |
| 257 | <P> |
| 258 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-465' xml:id='l2h-465'>ModuleType</tt></b></dt> |
| 259 | <dd> |
| 260 | The type of modules. |
| 261 | </dd></dl> |
| 262 | |
| 263 | <P> |
| 264 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-466' xml:id='l2h-466'>FileType</tt></b></dt> |
| 265 | <dd> |
| 266 | The type of open file objects such as <code>sys.stdout</code>. |
| 267 | </dd></dl> |
| 268 | |
| 269 | <P> |
| 270 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-467' xml:id='l2h-467'>XRangeType</tt></b></dt> |
| 271 | <dd> |
| 272 | The type of range objects returned by |
| 273 | <tt class="function">xrange()</tt><a id='l2h-468' xml:id='l2h-468'></a>. |
| 274 | </dd></dl> |
| 275 | |
| 276 | <P> |
| 277 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-469' xml:id='l2h-469'>SliceType</tt></b></dt> |
| 278 | <dd> |
| 279 | The type of objects returned by |
| 280 | <tt class="function">slice()</tt><a id='l2h-470' xml:id='l2h-470'></a>. |
| 281 | </dd></dl> |
| 282 | |
| 283 | <P> |
| 284 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-471' xml:id='l2h-471'>EllipsisType</tt></b></dt> |
| 285 | <dd> |
| 286 | The type of <code>Ellipsis</code>. |
| 287 | </dd></dl> |
| 288 | |
| 289 | <P> |
| 290 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-472' xml:id='l2h-472'>TracebackType</tt></b></dt> |
| 291 | <dd> |
| 292 | The type of traceback objects such as found in |
| 293 | <code>sys.exc_traceback</code>. |
| 294 | </dd></dl> |
| 295 | |
| 296 | <P> |
| 297 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-473' xml:id='l2h-473'>FrameType</tt></b></dt> |
| 298 | <dd> |
| 299 | The type of frame objects such as found in <code>tb.tb_frame</code> if |
| 300 | <code>tb</code> is a traceback object. |
| 301 | </dd></dl> |
| 302 | |
| 303 | <P> |
| 304 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-474' xml:id='l2h-474'>BufferType</tt></b></dt> |
| 305 | <dd> |
| 306 | The type of buffer objects created by the |
| 307 | <tt class="function">buffer()</tt><a id='l2h-475' xml:id='l2h-475'></a> function. |
| 308 | </dd></dl> |
| 309 | |
| 310 | <P> |
| 311 | <dl><dt><b><tt id='l2h-476' xml:id='l2h-476'>StringTypes</tt></b></dt> |
| 312 | <dd> |
| 313 | A sequence containing <code>StringType</code> and <code>UnicodeType</code> used to |
| 314 | facilitate easier checking for any string object. Using this is more |
| 315 | portable than using a sequence of the two string types constructed |
| 316 | elsewhere since it only contains <code>UnicodeType</code> if it has been |
| 317 | built in the running version of Python. For example: |
| 318 | <code>isinstance(s, types.StringTypes)</code>. |
| 319 | |
| 320 | <span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span> |
| 321 | |
| 322 | </dd></dl> |
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