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| 51 | <link rel='up' href='../index.html' title='Python Documentation Index' /> |
| 52 | <div class="titlepage"> |
| 53 | <div class='center'> |
| 54 | <h1>Python/C API Reference Manual</h1> |
| 55 | <p><b><font size="+2">Guido van Rossum</font></b></p> |
| 56 | <p> |
| 57 | <strong>Python Software Foundation</strong> |
| 58 | <BR> |
| 59 | Email: <span class="email">docs@python.org</span> |
| 60 | </p> |
| 61 | <p><i> Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor</i></p> |
| 62 | <p><strong>Release 2.4.2</strong><br /> |
| 63 | <strong>28 September 2005</strong></p> |
| 64 | <p></p> |
| 65 | </div> |
| 66 | </div> |
| 67 | |
| 68 | <P> |
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| 71 | <div class='online-navigation'> |
| 72 | <!--Table of Child-Links--> |
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| 74 | |
| 75 | <UL CLASS="ChildLinks"> |
| 76 | <LI><A href="front.html">Front Matter</a> |
| 77 | <LI><A href="contents.html">Contents</a> |
| 78 | <LI><A href="intro.html">1. Introduction</a> |
| 79 | <UL> |
| 80 | <LI><A href="includes.html">1.1 Include Files</a> |
| 81 | <LI><A href="objects.html">1.2 Objects, Types and Reference Counts</a> |
| 82 | <UL> |
| 83 | <LI><A href="refcounts.html">1.2.1 Reference Counts</a> |
| 84 | <LI><A href="types.html">1.2.2 Types</a> |
| 85 | </ul> |
| 86 | <LI><A href="exceptions.html">1.3 Exceptions</a> |
| 87 | <LI><A href="embedding.html">1.4 Embedding Python</a> |
| 88 | </ul> |
| 89 | <LI><A href="veryhigh.html">2. The Very High Level Layer</a> |
| 90 | <LI><A href="countingRefs.html">3. Reference Counting</a> |
| 91 | <LI><A href="exceptionHandling.html">4. Exception Handling</a> |
| 92 | <UL> |
| 93 | <LI><A href="standardExceptions.html">4.1 Standard Exceptions</a> |
| 94 | <LI><A href="node15.html">4.2 Deprecation of String Exceptions</a> |
| 95 | </ul> |
| 96 | <LI><A href="utilities.html">5. Utilities</a> |
| 97 | <UL> |
| 98 | <LI><A href="os.html">5.1 Operating System Utilities</a> |
| 99 | <LI><A href="processControl.html">5.2 Process Control</a> |
| 100 | <LI><A href="importing.html">5.3 Importing Modules</a> |
| 101 | <LI><A href="marshalling-utils.html">5.4 Data marshalling support</a> |
| 102 | <LI><A href="arg-parsing.html">5.5 Parsing arguments and building values</a> |
| 103 | </ul> |
| 104 | <LI><A href="abstract.html">6. Abstract Objects Layer</a> |
| 105 | <UL> |
| 106 | <LI><A href="object.html">6.1 Object Protocol</a> |
| 107 | <LI><A href="number.html">6.2 Number Protocol</a> |
| 108 | <LI><A href="sequence.html">6.3 Sequence Protocol</a> |
| 109 | <LI><A href="mapping.html">6.4 Mapping Protocol</a> |
| 110 | <LI><A href="iterator.html">6.5 Iterator Protocol</a> |
| 111 | <LI><A href="abstract-buffer.html">6.6 Buffer Protocol</a> |
| 112 | </ul> |
| 113 | <LI><A href="concrete.html">7. Concrete Objects Layer</a> |
| 114 | <UL> |
| 115 | <LI><A href="fundamental.html">7.1 Fundamental Objects</a> |
| 116 | <UL> |
| 117 | <LI><A href="typeObjects.html">7.1.1 Type Objects</a> |
| 118 | <LI><A href="noneObject.html">7.1.2 The None Object</a> |
| 119 | </ul> |
| 120 | <LI><A href="numericObjects.html">7.2 Numeric Objects</a> |
| 121 | <UL> |
| 122 | <LI><A href="intObjects.html">7.2.1 Plain Integer Objects</a> |
| 123 | <LI><A href="boolObjects.html">7.2.2 Boolean Objects</a> |
| 124 | <LI><A href="longObjects.html">7.2.3 Long Integer Objects</a> |
| 125 | <LI><A href="floatObjects.html">7.2.4 Floating Point Objects</a> |
| 126 | <LI><A href="complexObjects.html">7.2.5 Complex Number Objects</a> |
| 127 | </ul> |
| 128 | <LI><A href="sequenceObjects.html">7.3 Sequence Objects</a> |
| 129 | <UL> |
| 130 | <LI><A href="stringObjects.html">7.3.1 String Objects</a> |
| 131 | <LI><A href="unicodeObjects.html">7.3.2 Unicode Objects</a> |
| 132 | <LI><A href="bufferObjects.html">7.3.3 Buffer Objects</a> |
| 133 | <LI><A href="tupleObjects.html">7.3.4 Tuple Objects</a> |
| 134 | <LI><A href="listObjects.html">7.3.5 List Objects</a> |
| 135 | </ul> |
| 136 | <LI><A href="mapObjects.html">7.4 Mapping Objects</a> |
| 137 | <UL> |
| 138 | <LI><A href="dictObjects.html">7.4.1 Dictionary Objects</a> |
| 139 | </ul> |
| 140 | <LI><A href="otherObjects.html">7.5 Other Objects</a> |
| 141 | <UL> |
| 142 | <LI><A href="fileObjects.html">7.5.1 File Objects</a> |
| 143 | <LI><A href="instanceObjects.html">7.5.2 Instance Objects</a> |
| 144 | <LI><A href="method-objects.html">7.5.3 Method Objects</a> |
| 145 | <LI><A href="moduleObjects.html">7.5.4 Module Objects</a> |
| 146 | <LI><A href="iterator-objects.html">7.5.5 Iterator Objects</a> |
| 147 | <LI><A href="descriptor-objects.html">7.5.6 Descriptor Objects</a> |
| 148 | <LI><A href="slice-objects.html">7.5.7 Slice Objects</a> |
| 149 | <LI><A href="weakref-objects.html">7.5.8 Weak Reference Objects</a> |
| 150 | <LI><A href="cObjects.html">7.5.9 CObjects</a> |
| 151 | <LI><A href="cell-objects.html">7.5.10 Cell Objects</a> |
| 152 | <LI><A href="gen-objects.html">7.5.11 Generator Objects</a> |
| 153 | <LI><A href="datetime-objects.html">7.5.12 DateTime Objects</a> |
| 154 | </ul> |
| 155 | </ul> |
| 156 | <LI><A href="initialization.html">8. Initialization, Finalization, and Threads</a> |
| 157 | <UL> |
| 158 | <LI><A href="threads.html">8.1 Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock</a> |
| 159 | <LI><A href="profiling.html">8.2 Profiling and Tracing</a> |
| 160 | <LI><A href="advanced-debugging.html">8.3 Advanced Debugger Support</a> |
| 161 | </ul> |
| 162 | <LI><A href="memory.html">9. Memory Management</a> |
| 163 | <UL> |
| 164 | <LI><A href="memoryOverview.html">9.1 Overview</a> |
| 165 | <LI><A href="memoryInterface.html">9.2 Memory Interface</a> |
| 166 | <LI><A href="memoryExamples.html">9.3 Examples</a> |
| 167 | </ul> |
| 168 | <LI><A href="newTypes.html">10. Object Implementation Support</a> |
| 169 | <UL> |
| 170 | <LI><A href="allocating-objects.html">10.1 Allocating Objects on the Heap</a> |
| 171 | <LI><A href="common-structs.html">10.2 Common Object Structures</a> |
| 172 | <LI><A href="type-structs.html">10.3 Type Objects</a> |
| 173 | <LI><A href="mapping-structs.html">10.4 Mapping Object Structures</a> |
| 174 | <LI><A href="number-structs.html">10.5 Number Object Structures</a> |
| 175 | <LI><A href="sequence-structs.html">10.6 Sequence Object Structures</a> |
| 176 | <LI><A href="buffer-structs.html">10.7 Buffer Object Structures</a> |
| 177 | <LI><A href="supporting-iteration.html">10.8 Supporting the Iterator Protocol</a> |
| 178 | <LI><A href="supporting-cycle-detection.html">10.9 Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection</a> |
| 179 | </ul> |
| 180 | <LI><A href="reporting-bugs.html">A. Reporting Bugs</a> |
| 181 | <LI><A href="node83.html">B. History and License</a> |
| 182 | <UL> |
| 183 | <LI><A href="node84.html">B.1 History of the software</a> |
| 184 | <LI><A href="node85.html">B.2 Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python</a> |
| 185 | <LI><A href="node86.html">B.3 Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software</a> |
| 186 | <UL> |
| 187 | <LI><A href="node87.html">B.3.1 Mersenne Twister</a> |
| 188 | <LI><A href="node88.html">B.3.2 Sockets</a> |
| 189 | <LI><A href="node89.html">B.3.3 Floating point exception control</a> |
| 190 | <LI><A href="node90.html">B.3.4 MD5 message digest algorithm</a> |
| 191 | <LI><A href="node91.html">B.3.5 Asynchronous socket services</a> |
| 192 | <LI><A href="node92.html">B.3.6 Cookie management</a> |
| 193 | <LI><A href="node93.html">B.3.7 Profiling</a> |
| 194 | <LI><A href="node94.html">B.3.8 Execution tracing</a> |
| 195 | <LI><A href="node95.html">B.3.9 UUencode and UUdecode functions</a> |
| 196 | <LI><A href="node96.html">B.3.10 XML Remote Procedure Calls</a> |
| 197 | </ul> |
| 198 | </ul> |
| 199 | <LI><A href="genindex.html">Index</a> |
| 200 | <LI><A href="about.html">About this document ...</a> |
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| 236 | <span class="release-info">Release 2.4.2, documentation updated on 28 September 2005.</span> |
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