<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC
"-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<link rel=
"STYLESHEET" href=
"api.css" type='text/css'
/>
<link rel=
"SHORTCUT ICON" href=
"../icons/pyfav.png" type=
"image/png" />
<link rel='start' href='../index.html' title='Python Documentation Index'
/>
<link rel=
"first" href=
"api.html" title='Python/C API Reference Manual'
/>
<link rel='contents' href='contents.html'
title=
"Contents" />
<link rel='index' href='genindex.html' title='Index'
/>
<link rel='last' href='about.html' title='About this document...'
/>
<link rel='help' href='about.html' title='About this document...'
/>
<link rel=
"next" href=
"front.html" />
<meta name='aesop' content='information'
/>
<title>Python/C API Reference Manual
</title>
<div id='top-navigation-panel' xml:id='top-navigation-panel'
>
<table align=
"center" width=
"100%" cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"2">
<td class='online-navigation'
><img src='../icons/previous.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Previous Page' width='
32'
/></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"parent" title=
"Python Documentation Index"
href=
"../index.html"><img src='../icons/up.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Up One Level' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"next" title=
"Front Matter"
href=
"front.html"><img src='../icons/next.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Next Page' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td align=
"center" width=
"100%">Python/C API Reference Manual
</td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"contents" title=
"Table of Contents"
href=
"contents.html"><img src='../icons/contents.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Contents' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><img src='../icons/blank.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='' width='
32'
/></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"index" title=
"Index"
href=
"genindex.html"><img src='../icons/index.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Index' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<div class='online-navigation'
>
<b class=
"navlabel">Up:
</b>
<a class=
"sectref" rel=
"parent" href=
"../index.html">Python Documentation Index
</A>
<b class=
"navlabel">Next:
</b>
<a class=
"sectref" rel=
"next" href=
"front.html">Front Matter
</A>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
<link rel='up' href='../index.html' title='Python Documentation Index'
/>
<h1>Python/C API Reference Manual
</h1>
<p><b><font size=
"+2">Guido van Rossum
</font></b></p>
<strong>Python Software Foundation
</strong>
Email:
<span class=
"email">docs@python.org
</span>
<p><i> Fred L. Drake, Jr., editor
</i></p>
<p><strong>Release
2.4.2</strong><br />
<strong>28 September
2005</strong></p>
<p><br /></p><hr class='online-navigation'
/>
<div class='online-navigation'
>
<!--Table of Child-Links-->
<A NAME=
"CHILD_LINKS"></a>
<LI><A href=
"front.html">Front Matter
</a>
<LI><A href=
"contents.html">Contents
</a>
<LI><A href=
"intro.html">1. Introduction
</a>
<LI><A href=
"includes.html">1.1 Include Files
</a>
<LI><A href=
"objects.html">1.2 Objects, Types and Reference Counts
</a>
<LI><A href=
"refcounts.html">1.2.1 Reference Counts
</a>
<LI><A href=
"types.html">1.2.2 Types
</a>
<LI><A href=
"exceptions.html">1.3 Exceptions
</a>
<LI><A href=
"embedding.html">1.4 Embedding Python
</a>
<LI><A href=
"veryhigh.html">2. The Very High Level Layer
</a>
<LI><A href=
"countingRefs.html">3. Reference Counting
</a>
<LI><A href=
"exceptionHandling.html">4. Exception Handling
</a>
<LI><A href=
"standardExceptions.html">4.1 Standard Exceptions
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node15.html">4.2 Deprecation of String Exceptions
</a>
<LI><A href=
"utilities.html">5. Utilities
</a>
<LI><A href=
"os.html">5.1 Operating System Utilities
</a>
<LI><A href=
"processControl.html">5.2 Process Control
</a>
<LI><A href=
"importing.html">5.3 Importing Modules
</a>
<LI><A href=
"marshalling-utils.html">5.4 Data marshalling support
</a>
<LI><A href=
"arg-parsing.html">5.5 Parsing arguments and building values
</a>
<LI><A href=
"abstract.html">6. Abstract Objects Layer
</a>
<LI><A href=
"object.html">6.1 Object Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"number.html">6.2 Number Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"sequence.html">6.3 Sequence Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"mapping.html">6.4 Mapping Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"iterator.html">6.5 Iterator Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"abstract-buffer.html">6.6 Buffer Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"concrete.html">7. Concrete Objects Layer
</a>
<LI><A href=
"fundamental.html">7.1 Fundamental Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"typeObjects.html">7.1.1 Type Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"noneObject.html">7.1.2 The None Object
</a>
<LI><A href=
"numericObjects.html">7.2 Numeric Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"intObjects.html">7.2.1 Plain Integer Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"boolObjects.html">7.2.2 Boolean Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"longObjects.html">7.2.3 Long Integer Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"floatObjects.html">7.2.4 Floating Point Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"complexObjects.html">7.2.5 Complex Number Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"sequenceObjects.html">7.3 Sequence Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"stringObjects.html">7.3.1 String Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"unicodeObjects.html">7.3.2 Unicode Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"bufferObjects.html">7.3.3 Buffer Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"tupleObjects.html">7.3.4 Tuple Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"listObjects.html">7.3.5 List Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"mapObjects.html">7.4 Mapping Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"dictObjects.html">7.4.1 Dictionary Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"otherObjects.html">7.5 Other Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"fileObjects.html">7.5.1 File Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"instanceObjects.html">7.5.2 Instance Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"method-objects.html">7.5.3 Method Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"moduleObjects.html">7.5.4 Module Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"iterator-objects.html">7.5.5 Iterator Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"descriptor-objects.html">7.5.6 Descriptor Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"slice-objects.html">7.5.7 Slice Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"weakref-objects.html">7.5.8 Weak Reference Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"cObjects.html">7.5.9 CObjects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"cell-objects.html">7.5.10 Cell Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"gen-objects.html">7.5.11 Generator Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"datetime-objects.html">7.5.12 DateTime Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"initialization.html">8. Initialization, Finalization, and Threads
</a>
<LI><A href=
"threads.html">8.1 Thread State and the Global Interpreter Lock
</a>
<LI><A href=
"profiling.html">8.2 Profiling and Tracing
</a>
<LI><A href=
"advanced-debugging.html">8.3 Advanced Debugger Support
</a>
<LI><A href=
"memory.html">9. Memory Management
</a>
<LI><A href=
"memoryOverview.html">9.1 Overview
</a>
<LI><A href=
"memoryInterface.html">9.2 Memory Interface
</a>
<LI><A href=
"memoryExamples.html">9.3 Examples
</a>
<LI><A href=
"newTypes.html">10. Object Implementation Support
</a>
<LI><A href=
"allocating-objects.html">10.1 Allocating Objects on the Heap
</a>
<LI><A href=
"common-structs.html">10.2 Common Object Structures
</a>
<LI><A href=
"type-structs.html">10.3 Type Objects
</a>
<LI><A href=
"mapping-structs.html">10.4 Mapping Object Structures
</a>
<LI><A href=
"number-structs.html">10.5 Number Object Structures
</a>
<LI><A href=
"sequence-structs.html">10.6 Sequence Object Structures
</a>
<LI><A href=
"buffer-structs.html">10.7 Buffer Object Structures
</a>
<LI><A href=
"supporting-iteration.html">10.8 Supporting the Iterator Protocol
</a>
<LI><A href=
"supporting-cycle-detection.html">10.9 Supporting Cyclic Garbage Collection
</a>
<LI><A href=
"reporting-bugs.html">A. Reporting Bugs
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node83.html">B. History and License
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node84.html">B
.1 History of the software
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node85.html">B
.2 Terms and conditions for accessing or otherwise using Python
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node86.html">B
.3 Licenses and Acknowledgements for Incorporated Software
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node87.html">B
.3.1 Mersenne Twister
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node88.html">B
.3.2 Sockets
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node89.html">B
.3.3 Floating point exception control
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node90.html">B
.3.4 MD5 message digest algorithm
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node91.html">B
.3.5 Asynchronous socket services
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node92.html">B
.3.6 Cookie management
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node93.html">B
.3.7 Profiling
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node94.html">B
.3.8 Execution tracing
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node95.html">B
.3.9 UUencode and UUdecode functions
</a>
<LI><A href=
"node96.html">B
.3.10 XML Remote Procedure Calls
</a>
<LI><A href=
"genindex.html">Index
</a>
<LI><A href=
"about.html">About this document ...
</a>
<!--End of Table of Child-Links-->
<div class='online-navigation'
>
<table align=
"center" width=
"100%" cellpadding=
"0" cellspacing=
"2">
<td class='online-navigation'
><img src='../icons/previous.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Previous Page' width='
32'
/></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"parent" title=
"Python Documentation Index"
href=
"../index.html"><img src='../icons/up.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Up One Level' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"next" title=
"Front Matter"
href=
"front.html"><img src='../icons/next.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Next Page' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td align=
"center" width=
"100%">Python/C API Reference Manual
</td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"contents" title=
"Table of Contents"
href=
"contents.html"><img src='../icons/contents.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Contents' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><img src='../icons/blank.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='' width='
32'
/></td>
<td class='online-navigation'
><a rel=
"index" title=
"Index"
href=
"genindex.html"><img src='../icons/index.png'
border='
0' height='
32' alt='Index' width='
32'
/></A></td>
<div class='online-navigation'
>
<b class=
"navlabel">Up:
</b>
<a class=
"sectref" rel=
"parent" href=
"../index.html">Python Documentation Index
</A>
<b class=
"navlabel">Next:
</b>
<a class=
"sectref" rel=
"next" href=
"front.html">Front Matter
</A>
<span class=
"release-info">Release
2.4.2, documentation updated on
28 September
2005.
</span>
<!--End of Navigation Panel-->
See
<i><a href=
"about.html">About this document...
</a></i> for information on suggesting changes.