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31fa6cad DR |
1 | .th LS I 8/20/73 |
2 | .sh NAME | |
3 | ls \*- list contents of directory | |
4 | .sh SYNOPSIS | |
5 | .bd ls | |
6 | [ | |
7 | .bd \*-ltasdru | |
8 | ] name ... | |
9 | .sh DESCRIPTION | |
10 | For each directory argument, | |
11 | .it ls | |
12 | lists the contents of the directory; | |
13 | for each file argument, | |
14 | .it ls | |
15 | repeats its name and any other information requested. | |
16 | The output is sorted alphabetically by default. | |
17 | When no argument is given, the current directory is listed. | |
18 | When several arguments are given, | |
19 | the arguments are first sorted appropriately, | |
20 | but file arguments appear | |
21 | before directories and their contents. | |
22 | There are several options: | |
23 | .s3 | |
24 | .lp +4 4 | |
25 | \fB\*-l\fR list in long format, giving mode, number of links, owner, | |
26 | size in bytes, and time of last modification | |
27 | for each file. | |
28 | (See below.) | |
29 | .s3 | |
30 | .lp +4 4 | |
31 | \fB\*-t\fR sort by time modified (latest first) instead of | |
32 | by name, as is normal | |
33 | .s3 | |
34 | .lp +4 4 | |
35 | \fB\*-a\fR list all entries; usually those beginning with `\fB.\fR' are | |
36 | suppressed | |
37 | .s3 | |
38 | .lp +4 4 | |
39 | \fB\*-s\fR give size in blocks for each entry | |
40 | .s3 | |
41 | .lp +4 4 | |
42 | \fB\*-d\fR if argument is a directory, list only its name, not | |
43 | its contents (mostly used with | |
44 | .bd \*-l | |
45 | to get status | |
46 | on directory) | |
47 | .s3 | |
48 | .lp +4 4 | |
49 | \fB\*-r\fR reverse the order of sort to get reverse alphabetic | |
50 | or oldest first as appropriate | |
51 | .s3 | |
52 | .lp +4 4 | |
53 | \fB\*-u\fR use time of last access instead of last | |
54 | modification for sorting (\fB\*-t\fR) or printing | |
55 | (\fB\*-l\fR) | |
56 | .s3 | |
57 | .i0 | |
58 | The mode printed under the | |
59 | .bd \*-l | |
60 | option contains 10 characters | |
61 | which are interpreted | |
62 | as follows: | |
63 | the first character is | |
64 | .s3 | |
65 | .lp +3 3 | |
66 | \fBd\fR if the entry is a directory; | |
67 | .lp +3 3 | |
68 | \fBb\fR if the entry is a block-type special file; | |
69 | .lp +3 3 | |
70 | \fBc\fR if the entry is a character-type special file; | |
71 | .lp +3 3 | |
72 | \fB\*-\fR if the entry is a plain file. | |
73 | .s3 | |
74 | .i0 | |
75 | The next 9 characters are interpreted | |
76 | as three sets of three bits each. | |
77 | The first set refers to owner permissions; | |
78 | the next to permissions to others in the same user-group; | |
79 | and the last to all others. | |
80 | Within each set the three characters indicate | |
81 | permission respectively to read, to write, or to | |
82 | execute the file as a program. | |
83 | For a directory, `execute' permission is interpreted | |
84 | to mean permission to search the directory | |
85 | for a specified file. | |
86 | The permissions are indicated as follows: | |
87 | .s3 | |
88 | .lp +3 3 | |
89 | \fBr\fR if the file is readable | |
90 | .lp +3 3 | |
91 | \fBw\fR if the file is writable | |
92 | .lp +3 3 | |
93 | \fBx\fR if the file is executable | |
94 | .lp +3 3 | |
95 | \fB\*-\fR if the indicated permission is not granted | |
96 | .s3 | |
97 | .i0 | |
98 | Finally, the group-execute permission character is given | |
99 | as | |
100 | .bd s | |
101 | if the file has set-group-ID mode; | |
102 | likewise the user-execute permission character is given | |
103 | as | |
104 | .bd s | |
105 | if the file has set-user-ID mode. | |
106 | .sh FILES | |
107 | /etc/passwd to get user ID's for | |
108 | \fBls \*-l\fR. | |
109 | .sh BUGS |