[unix-history] / usr / othersrc / public / ghostscript-2.4.1 / hershey.doc

This file is part of Ghostscript.  Unlike the rest of Ghostscript, it
consists entirely of information copied directly from public sources.  It
therefore is not covered by the Ghostscript copyright or license.

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Mod.sources:  Volume 4, Issue 42
Submitted by: pyramid!octopus!pete (Pete Holzmann)


This is part 1 of five parts of the first Usenet distribution of
the Hershey Fonts. See the README file for more details.


Peter Holzmann, Octopus Enterprises
USPS: 19611 La Mar Court, Cupertino, CA 95014
UUCP: {hplabs!hpdsd,pyramid}!octopus!pete
Phone: 408/996-7746


This distribution is made possible through the collective encouragement
of the Usenet Font Consortium, a mailing list that sprang to life to get
this accomplished and that will now most likely disappear into the mists
of time... Thanks are especially due to Jim Hurt, who provided the packed
font data for the distribution, along with a lot of other help.

This file describes the Hershey Fonts in general, along with a description of
the other files in this distribution and a simple re-distribution restriction.

USE RESTRICTION:
	This distribution of the Hershey Fonts may be used by anyone for
	any purpose, commercial or otherwise, providing that:
		1. The following acknowledgements must be distributed with
			the font data:
			- The Hershey Fonts were originally created by Dr.
				A. V. Hershey while working at the U. S.
				National Bureau of Standards.
			- The format of the Font data in this distribution
				was originally created by
					James Hurt
					Cognition, Inc.
					900 Technology Park Drive
					Billerica, MA 01821
					(mit-eddie!ci-dandelion!hurt)
		2. The font data in this distribution may be converted into
			any other format *EXCEPT* the format distributed by
			the U.S. NTIS (which organization holds the rights
			to the distribution and use of the font data in that
			particular format). Not that anybody would really
			*want* to use their format... each point is described
			in eight bytes as "xxx yyy:", where xxx and yyy are
			the coordinate values as ASCII numbers.

*PLEASE* be reassured: The legal implications of NTIS' attempt to control
a particular form of the Hershey Fonts *are* troubling. HOWEVER: We have
been endlessly and repeatedly assured by NTIS that they do not care what
we do with our version of the font data, they do not want to know about it,
they understand that we are distributing this information all over the world,
etc etc etc... but because it isn't in their *exact* distribution format, they
just don't care!!! So go ahead and use the data with a clear conscience! (If
you feel bad about it, take a smaller deduction for something on your taxes
next week...)

The Hershey Fonts:
	- are a set of more than 2000 glyph (symbol) descriptions in vector 
		( <x,y> point-to-point ) format
	- can be grouped as almost 20 'occidental' (english, greek,
		cyrillic) fonts, 3 or more 'oriental' (Kanji, Hiragana,
		and Katakana) fonts, and a few hundred miscellaneous
		symbols (mathematical, musical, cartographic, etc etc)
	- are suitable for typographic quality output on a vector device
		(such as a plotter) when used at an appropriate scale.
	- were digitized by Dr. A. V. Hershey while working for the U.S.
		Government National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
	- are in the public domain, with a few caveats:
		- They are available from NTIS (National Technical Info.
			Service) in a computer-readable from which is *not*
			in the public domain. This format is described in
			a hardcopy publication "Tables of Coordinates for
			Hershey's Repertory of Occidental Type Fonts and
			Graphic Symbols" available from NTIS for less than
			$20 US (phone number +1 703 487 4763).
		- NTIS does not care about and doesn't want to know about
			what happens to Hershey Font data that is not
			distributed in their exact format.
		- This distribution is not in the NTIS format, and thus is
			only subject to the simple restriction described
			at the top of this file.

Hard Copy samples of the Hershey Fonts are best obtained by purchasing the
book described above from NTIS. It contains a sample of all of the Occidental
symbols (but none of the Oriental symbols).

This distribution:
	- contains
		* a complete copy of the Font data using the original
			glyph-numbering sequence
		* a set of translation tables that could be used to generate
			ASCII-sequence fonts in various typestyles
		* a couple of sample programs in C and Fortran that are
			capable of parsing the font data and displaying it
			on a graphic device (we recommend that if you
			wish to write programs using the fonts, you should
			hack up one of these until it works on your system)
			
	- consists of the following files...
		hershey.doc - details of the font data format, typestyles and
				symbols included, etc.
		hersh.oc[1-4] - The Occidental font data (these files can
					be catenated into one large database)
		hersh.or[1-4] - The Oriental font data (likewise here)
		*.hmp - Occidental font map files. Each file is a translation
				table from Hershey glyph numbers to ASCII
				sequence for a particular typestyle.
		hershey.f77 - A fortran program that reads and displays all
				of the glyphs in a Hershey font file.
		hershey.c   - The same, in C, using GKS, for MS-DOS and the
				PC-Color Graphics Adaptor.

Additional Work To Be Done (volunteers welcome!):

	- Integrate this complete set of data with the hershey font typesetting
		program recently distributed to mod.sources
	- Come up with an integrated data structure and supporting routines
		that make use of the ASCII translation tables
	- Digitize additional characters for the few places where non-ideal
		symbol substitutions were made in the ASCII translation tables.
	- Make a version of the demo program (hershey.c or hershey.f77) that
		uses the standard Un*x plot routines.
	- Write a banner-style program using Hershey Fonts for input and
		non-graphic terminals or printers for output.
	- Anything else you'd like!

SHAR_EOF

This file provides a brief description of the contents of the Occidental
Hershey Font Files. For a complete listing of the fonts in hard copy, order
NBS Special Publication 424, "A contribution to computer typesetting 
techniques: Tables of Coordinates for Hershey's Repertory of Occidental
Type Fonts and Graphic Symbols". You can get it from NTIS (phone number is
+1 703 487 4763) for less than twenty dollars US.

Basic Glyph (symbol) data:

        hersh.oc1       - numbers 1 to 1199
        hersh.oc2       - numbers 1200 to 2499
        hersh.oc3       - numbers 2500 to 3199
        hersh.oc4       - numbers 3200 to 3999

        These four files contain approximately 19 different fonts in
the A-Z alphabet plus greek and cyrillic, along with hundreds of special
symbols, described generically below.

        There are also four files of Oriental fonts (hersh.or[1-4]). These
files contain symbols from three Japanese alphabets (Kanji, Hiragana, and
Katakana). It is unknown what other symbols may be contained therein, nor
is it known what order the symbols are in (I don't know Japanese!).

        Back to the Occidental files:

Fonts:
        Roman: Plain, Simplex, Duplex, Complex Small, Complex, Triplex
        Italic: Complex Small, Complex, Triplex
        Script: Simplex, Complex
        Gothic: German, English, Italian
        Greek: Plain, Simplex, Complex Small, Complex
        Cyrillic: Complex

Symbols:
        Mathematical (227-229,232,727-779,732,737-740,1227-1270,2227-2270,
                        1294-1412,2294-2295,2401-2412)
        Daggers (for footnotes, etc) (1276-1279, 2276-2279)
        Astronomical (1281-1293,2281-2293)
        Astrological (2301-2312)
        Musical (2317-2382)
        Typesetting (ffl,fl,fi sorts of things) (miscellaneous places)
        Miscellaneous (mostly in 741-909, but also elsewhere):
                - Playing card suits
                - Meteorology
                - Graphics (lines, curves)
                - Electrical
                - Geometric (shapes)
                - Cartographic
                - Naval
                - Agricultural
                - Highways
                - Etc...


ASCII sequence translation files:

        The Hershey glyphs, while in a particular order, are not in an
        ASCII sequence. I have provided translation files that give the
        sequence of glyph numbers that will most closely approximate the
        ASCII printing sequence (from space through ~, with the degree
        circle tacked on at the end) for each of the above fonts:

        File names are made up of fffffftt.hmp,

                where ffffff is the font style, one of:
                        roman   Roman
                        greek   Greek
                        italic  Italic
                        script  Script
                        cyril   Cyrillic (some characters not placed in
                                           the ASCII sequence)
                        gothgr  Gothic German
                        gothgb  Gothic English
                        gothit  Gothic Italian

                and tt is the font type, one of:
                    p       Plain (very small, no lower case)
                    s       Simplex (plain, normal size, no serifs)
                    d       Duplex (normal size, no serifs, doubled lines)
                    c       Complex (normal size, serifs, doubled lines)
                    t       Triplex (normal size, serifs, tripled lines)
                    cs      Complex Small (Complex, smaller than normal size)

The three sizes are coded with particular base line (bottom of a capital
        letter) and cap line (top of a capital letter) values for 'y':

        Size            Base Line       Cap Line

        Very Small         -5              +4 
        Small              -6              +7
        Normal             -9              +12

        (Note: some glyphs in the 'Very Small' fonts are actually 'Small')

The top line and bottom line, which are normally used to define vertical
        spacing, are not given. Maybe somebody can determine appropriate
        values for these!

The left line and right line, which are used to define horizontal spacing,
        are provided with each character in the database.

SHAR_EOF

Format of Hershey glyphs:

5 bytes	- glyphnumber
3 bytes	- length of data  length in 16-bit words including left&right numbers
1 byte	- x value of left margin
1 byte	- x value of right margin
(length*2)-2 bytes	- stroke data

left&right margins and stroke data are biased by the value of the letter 'R'
Subtract the letter 'R' to get the data.

e.g. if the data byte is 'R', the data is 0
     if the data byte is 'T', the data is +2
     if the data byte is 'J', the data is -8

and so on...

The coordinate system is x-y, with the origin (0,0) in the center of the
glyph.  X increases to the right and y increases *down*.

The stroke data is pairs of bytes, one byte for x followed by one byte for y.

A ' R' in the stroke data indicates a 'lift pen and move' instruction.
Commit	Line	Data
4586c431 WJ	1	This file is part of Ghostscript. Unlike the rest of Ghostscript, it
	2	consists entirely of information copied directly from public sources. It
	3	therefore is not covered by the Ghostscript copyright or license.
	4
	5	- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
	6
	7	Mod.sources: Volume 4, Issue 42
	8	Submitted by: pyramid!octopus!pete (Pete Holzmann)
	9
	10
	11	This is part 1 of five parts of the first Usenet distribution of
	12	the Hershey Fonts. See the README file for more details.
	13
	14
	15	Peter Holzmann, Octopus Enterprises
	16	USPS: 19611 La Mar Court, Cupertino, CA 95014
	17	UUCP: {hplabs!hpdsd,pyramid}!octopus!pete
	18	Phone: 408/996-7746
	19
	20
	21	This distribution is made possible through the collective encouragement
	22	of the Usenet Font Consortium, a mailing list that sprang to life to get
	23	this accomplished and that will now most likely disappear into the mists
	24	of time... Thanks are especially due to Jim Hurt, who provided the packed
	25	font data for the distribution, along with a lot of other help.
	26
	27	This file describes the Hershey Fonts in general, along with a description of
	28	the other files in this distribution and a simple re-distribution restriction.
	29
	30	USE RESTRICTION:
	31	This distribution of the Hershey Fonts may be used by anyone for
	32	any purpose, commercial or otherwise, providing that:
	33	1. The following acknowledgements must be distributed with
	34	the font data:
	35	- The Hershey Fonts were originally created by Dr.
	36	A. V. Hershey while working at the U. S.
	37	National Bureau of Standards.
	38	- The format of the Font data in this distribution
	39	was originally created by
	40	James Hurt
	41	Cognition, Inc.
	42	900 Technology Park Drive
	43	Billerica, MA 01821
	44	(mit-eddie!ci-dandelion!hurt)
	45	2. The font data in this distribution may be converted into
	46	any other format EXCEPT the format distributed by
	47	the U.S. NTIS (which organization holds the rights
	48	to the distribution and use of the font data in that
	49	particular format). Not that anybody would really
	50	want to use their format... each point is described
	51	in eight bytes as "xxx yyy:", where xxx and yyy are
	52	the coordinate values as ASCII numbers.
	53
	54	PLEASE be reassured: The legal implications of NTIS' attempt to control
	55	a particular form of the Hershey Fonts are troubling. HOWEVER: We have
	56	been endlessly and repeatedly assured by NTIS that they do not care what
	57	we do with our version of the font data, they do not want to know about it,
	58	they understand that we are distributing this information all over the world,
	59	etc etc etc... but because it isn't in their exact distribution format, they
	60	just don't care!!! So go ahead and use the data with a clear conscience! (If
	61	you feel bad about it, take a smaller deduction for something on your taxes
	62	next week...)
	63
	64	The Hershey Fonts:
65	- are a set of more than 2000 glyph (symbol) descriptions in vector
66	( <x,y> point-to-point ) format
67	- can be grouped as almost 20 'occidental' (english, greek,
68	cyrillic) fonts, 3 or more 'oriental' (Kanji, Hiragana,
69	and Katakana) fonts, and a few hundred miscellaneous
70	symbols (mathematical, musical, cartographic, etc etc)
71	- are suitable for typographic quality output on a vector device
72	(such as a plotter) when used at an appropriate scale.
73	- were digitized by Dr. A. V. Hershey while working for the U.S.
74	Government National Bureau of Standards (NBS).
75	- are in the public domain, with a few caveats:
76	- They are available from NTIS (National Technical Info.
77	Service) in a computer-readable from which is not
78	in the public domain. This format is described in
79	a hardcopy publication "Tables of Coordinates for
80	Hershey's Repertory of Occidental Type Fonts and
81	Graphic Symbols" available from NTIS for less than
82	$20 US (phone number +1 703 487 4763).
83	- NTIS does not care about and doesn't want to know about
84	what happens to Hershey Font data that is not
85	distributed in their exact format.
86	- This distribution is not in the NTIS format, and thus is
87	only subject to the simple restriction described
88	at the top of this file.
89
90	Hard Copy samples of the Hershey Fonts are best obtained by purchasing the
91	book described above from NTIS. It contains a sample of all of the Occidental
92	symbols (but none of the Oriental symbols).
93
94	This distribution:
95	- contains
96	* a complete copy of the Font data using the original
97	glyph-numbering sequence
98	* a set of translation tables that could be used to generate
99	ASCII-sequence fonts in various typestyles
100	* a couple of sample programs in C and Fortran that are
101	capable of parsing the font data and displaying it
102	on a graphic device (we recommend that if you
103	wish to write programs using the fonts, you should
104	hack up one of these until it works on your system)
105
106	- consists of the following files...
107	hershey.doc - details of the font data format, typestyles and
108	symbols included, etc.
109	hersh.oc[1-4] - The Occidental font data (these files can
110	be catenated into one large database)
111	hersh.or[1-4] - The Oriental font data (likewise here)
112	*.hmp - Occidental font map files. Each file is a translation
113	table from Hershey glyph numbers to ASCII
114	sequence for a particular typestyle.
115	hershey.f77 - A fortran program that reads and displays all
116	of the glyphs in a Hershey font file.
117	hershey.c - The same, in C, using GKS, for MS-DOS and the
118	PC-Color Graphics Adaptor.
119
120	Additional Work To Be Done (volunteers welcome!):
121
122	- Integrate this complete set of data with the hershey font typesetting
123	program recently distributed to mod.sources
124	- Come up with an integrated data structure and supporting routines
125	that make use of the ASCII translation tables
126	- Digitize additional characters for the few places where non-ideal
127	symbol substitutions were made in the ASCII translation tables.
128	- Make a version of the demo program (hershey.c or hershey.f77) that
129	uses the standard Un*x plot routines.
130	- Write a banner-style program using Hershey Fonts for input and
131	non-graphic terminals or printers for output.
132	- Anything else you'd like!
133
134	SHAR_EOF
135
136	This file provides a brief description of the contents of the Occidental
137	Hershey Font Files. For a complete listing of the fonts in hard copy, order
138	NBS Special Publication 424, "A contribution to computer typesetting
139	techniques: Tables of Coordinates for Hershey's Repertory of Occidental
140	Type Fonts and Graphic Symbols". You can get it from NTIS (phone number is
141	+1 703 487 4763) for less than twenty dollars US.
142
143	Basic Glyph (symbol) data:
144
145	hersh.oc1 - numbers 1 to 1199
146	hersh.oc2 - numbers 1200 to 2499
147	hersh.oc3 - numbers 2500 to 3199
148	hersh.oc4 - numbers 3200 to 3999
149
150	These four files contain approximately 19 different fonts in
151	the A-Z alphabet plus greek and cyrillic, along with hundreds of special
152	symbols, described generically below.
153
154	There are also four files of Oriental fonts (hersh.or[1-4]). These
155	files contain symbols from three Japanese alphabets (Kanji, Hiragana, and
156	Katakana). It is unknown what other symbols may be contained therein, nor
157	is it known what order the symbols are in (I don't know Japanese!).
158
159	Back to the Occidental files:
160
161	Fonts:
162	Roman: Plain, Simplex, Duplex, Complex Small, Complex, Triplex
163	Italic: Complex Small, Complex, Triplex
164	Script: Simplex, Complex
165	Gothic: German, English, Italian
166	Greek: Plain, Simplex, Complex Small, Complex
167	Cyrillic: Complex
168
169	Symbols:
170	Mathematical (227-229,232,727-779,732,737-740,1227-1270,2227-2270,
171	1294-1412,2294-2295,2401-2412)
172	Daggers (for footnotes, etc) (1276-1279, 2276-2279)
173	Astronomical (1281-1293,2281-2293)
174	Astrological (2301-2312)
175	Musical (2317-2382)
176	Typesetting (ffl,fl,fi sorts of things) (miscellaneous places)
177	Miscellaneous (mostly in 741-909, but also elsewhere):
178	- Playing card suits
179	- Meteorology
180	- Graphics (lines, curves)
181	- Electrical
182	- Geometric (shapes)
183	- Cartographic
184	- Naval
185	- Agricultural
186	- Highways
187	- Etc...
188
189
190	ASCII sequence translation files:
191
192	The Hershey glyphs, while in a particular order, are not in an
193	ASCII sequence. I have provided translation files that give the
194	sequence of glyph numbers that will most closely approximate the
195	ASCII printing sequence (from space through ~, with the degree
196	circle tacked on at the end) for each of the above fonts:
197
198	File names are made up of fffffftt.hmp,
199
200	where ffffff is the font style, one of:
201	roman Roman
202	greek Greek
203	italic Italic
204	script Script
205	cyril Cyrillic (some characters not placed in
206	the ASCII sequence)
207	gothgr Gothic German
208	gothgb Gothic English
209	gothit Gothic Italian
210
211	and tt is the font type, one of:
212	p Plain (very small, no lower case)
213	s Simplex (plain, normal size, no serifs)
214	d Duplex (normal size, no serifs, doubled lines)
215	c Complex (normal size, serifs, doubled lines)
216	t Triplex (normal size, serifs, tripled lines)
217	cs Complex Small (Complex, smaller than normal size)
218
219	The three sizes are coded with particular base line (bottom of a capital
220	letter) and cap line (top of a capital letter) values for 'y':
221
222	Size Base Line Cap Line
223
224	Very Small -5 +4
225	Small -6 +7
226	Normal -9 +12
227
228	(Note: some glyphs in the 'Very Small' fonts are actually 'Small')
229
230	The top line and bottom line, which are normally used to define vertical
231	spacing, are not given. Maybe somebody can determine appropriate
232	values for these!
233
234	The left line and right line, which are used to define horizontal spacing,
235	are provided with each character in the database.
236
237	SHAR_EOF
238
239	Format of Hershey glyphs:
240
241	5 bytes - glyphnumber
242	3 bytes - length of data length in 16-bit words including left&right numbers
243	1 byte - x value of left margin
244	1 byte - x value of right margin
245	(length*2)-2 bytes - stroke data
246
247	left&right margins and stroke data are biased by the value of the letter 'R'
248	Subtract the letter 'R' to get the data.
249
250	e.g. if the data byte is 'R', the data is 0
251	if the data byte is 'T', the data is +2
252	if the data byte is 'J', the data is -8
253
254	and so on...
255
256	The coordinate system is x-y, with the origin (0,0) in the center of the
257	glyph. X increases to the right and y increases down.
258
259	The stroke data is pairs of bytes, one byte for x followed by one byte for y.
260
261	A ' R' in the stroke data indicates a 'lift pen and move' instruction.