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1 | .if \n(xx .bp |
2 | .if !\n(xx \{\ | |
3 | .so tmac.p \} | |
4 | .if n 'ND | |
5 | 'nr H1 0 | |
6 | .NH | |
7 | Sources of information | |
8 | .PP | |
9 | This section lists the resources available on the UC Berkeley | |
10 | campus for information about | |
11 | general features of | |
12 | .UX , | |
13 | text editing, | |
14 | the Pascal language, | |
15 | and the | |
16 | .UP | |
17 | implementation, | |
18 | concluding with a list of references. | |
19 | The available documents include both so-called standard documents \- | |
20 | those distributed with all | |
21 | .UX | |
22 | system \- | |
23 | and documents (such as this one) written at Berkeley. | |
24 | .NH 2 | |
25 | Where to get documentation | |
26 | .PP | |
27 | On the UC Berkeley campus, documentation is available at the Computer | |
28 | Center Library, room 218B Evans Hall. | |
29 | The library is open from 8:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M. Monday through Friday. | |
30 | Current documentation for most of the | |
31 | .UX | |
32 | system is also available ``on line'' at your terminal. | |
33 | Details on getting such documentation interactively are given | |
34 | in section 1.3. | |
35 | .NH 2 | |
36 | Computer Center short courses | |
37 | .PP | |
38 | For those not enrolled in Computer Science Division courses, and | |
39 | who have no prior experience using | |
40 | .UX , | |
41 | the short-courses offered by the staff of the Computer Center | |
42 | are highly recommended. | |
43 | These courses are offered free of charge, and are usually held | |
44 | at the beginning of each quarter. | |
45 | The two most valuable short courses for the | |
46 | Berkeley | |
47 | Pascal user are the ones dealing with basic use of | |
48 | .UX , | |
49 | and with | |
50 | text editing. | |
51 | If you are unable to attend the short courses, documents | |
52 | for these courses are available at the Computer Center Library, | |
53 | and are recommended. | |
54 | The documents are in a tutorial format, so it is possible to use them on your | |
55 | own. | |
56 | .NH 2 | |
57 | Documentation describing UNIX | |
58 | .PP | |
59 | The following documents are those recommended as tutorial and | |
60 | reference material about the | |
61 | .UX | |
62 | system. | |
63 | We give the documents with the introductory and tutorial materials | |
64 | first, the reference materials last. | |
65 | .SH | |
66 | UNIX For Beginners \- Second Edition | |
67 | .PP | |
68 | This document is the basic tutorial for | |
69 | .UX | |
70 | available with the standard system. | |
71 | .SH | |
72 | Communicating with UNIX | |
73 | .PP | |
74 | This is also a basic tutorial on the system and assumes | |
75 | no previous familiarity | |
76 | with computers; it was written at Berkeley and is used in the short courses. | |
77 | .SH | |
78 | An introduction to the C shell | |
79 | .PP | |
80 | This document introduces | |
81 | .I csh, | |
82 | the shell in common use at Berkeley, and provides a good deal of general | |
83 | description about the way in which the system functions. | |
84 | It provides a useful glossary of terms used in discussing the system. | |
85 | .SH | |
86 | UNIX Programmer's Manual | |
87 | .PP | |
88 | This manual is the major source of details on the components of the | |
89 | .UX | |
90 | system. | |
91 | It consists of an Introduction, | |
92 | a permuted index, | |
93 | and eight command sections. | |
94 | Section 1 consists of descriptions of most of the ``commands'' | |
95 | of | |
96 | .UX . | |
97 | Most of the other sections have limited relevance to the user | |
98 | of | |
99 | Berkeley | |
100 | Pascal, being of interest mainly to system programmers. | |
101 | The manual is available from the Computer Center Library. | |
102 | .PP | |
103 | U\s-2NIX\s0 | |
104 | documentation often refers the reader to sections of the manual. | |
105 | Such a reference consists of a command name and a section number or name. | |
106 | An example of such a reference would be: | |
107 | .I ed | |
108 | (1). | |
109 | Here | |
110 | .I ed | |
111 | is a command name \- the standard | |
112 | .UX | |
113 | text editor, and `(1)' indicates that its documentation is in section 1 of the | |
114 | manual. | |
115 | .PP | |
116 | The pieces of the | |
117 | Berkeley | |
118 | Pascal system are | |
119 | .I pi | |
120 | (1), | |
121 | .X | |
122 | (1), | |
123 | the combined Pascal translator and interpretive executor | |
124 | .IX | |
125 | (1), | |
126 | the Pascal execution profiler | |
127 | .XP | |
128 | (1), | |
129 | and | |
130 | the Pascal cross-reference generator | |
131 | .I pxref | |
132 | (1). | |
133 | .PP | |
134 | It is possible to obtain a copy of a manual section | |
135 | by using the | |
136 | .I man | |
137 | (1) command. | |
138 | To get the Pascal documentation just described one could issue the | |
139 | command: | |
140 | .LS | |
141 | % \*bman pi\fP | |
142 | .LE | |
143 | to the shell. | |
144 | The user input here is shown in | |
145 | .B "bold face" ; | |
146 | the `% ', | |
147 | which was printed by the shell as a prompt, | |
148 | is not. | |
149 | Similarly the command: | |
150 | .LS | |
151 | % \*bman man\fP | |
152 | .LE | |
153 | asks the | |
154 | .I man | |
155 | command to describe itself. | |
156 | .NH 2 | |
157 | Text editing documents | |
158 | .PP | |
159 | The following documents introduce the various | |
160 | .UX | |
161 | text editors. | |
162 | Most Berkeley users will use a version of the text editor | |
163 | .I ex; | |
164 | either | |
165 | .I edit, | |
166 | which is a version of | |
167 | .I ex | |
168 | for new and casual users, | |
169 | .I ex | |
170 | itself, | |
171 | or | |
172 | .I vi | |
173 | (visual) which focuses on the display editing portion of | |
174 | .I ex. | |
175 | .SH | |
176 | A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor | |
177 | .PP | |
178 | This document, written by Brian Kernighan of Bell Laboratories, | |
179 | is a tutorial for the standard | |
180 | .UX | |
181 | text editor | |
182 | .I ed. | |
183 | It introduces you to the basics of text editing, | |
184 | and provides enough information to meet day-to-day editing needs, | |
185 | for | |
186 | .I ed | |
187 | users. | |
188 | .SH | |
189 | Edit: A tutorial | |
190 | .PP | |
191 | This introduces the use of | |
192 | .I edit, | |
193 | an editor similar to | |
194 | .I ed | |
195 | which provides a more hospitable environment for beginning users. | |
196 | The short courses on editing taught by the Computer Center use this | |
197 | document. | |
198 | .SH | |
199 | Ex/edit Command Summary | |
200 | .PP | |
201 | This summarizes the features of the editors | |
202 | .I ex | |
203 | and | |
204 | .I edit | |
205 | in a concise form. If you have used a line oriented editor before | |
206 | this summary alone may be enough to get you started. | |
207 | .SH | |
208 | Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.1 | |
209 | .PP | |
210 | A complete reference on the features of | |
211 | .I ex | |
212 | and | |
213 | .I edit. | |
214 | .SH | |
215 | An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi | |
216 | .PP | |
217 | .I Vi | |
218 | is a display oriented text editor. It can be used on most any \s-2CRT\s0 | |
219 | terminal, | |
220 | and uses the screen as a window into the file you are editing. Changes | |
221 | you make to the file are reflected in what you see. This manual serves | |
222 | both as an introduction to editing with | |
223 | .I vi | |
224 | and a reference manual. | |
225 | .SH | |
226 | Vi Quick Reference | |
227 | .PP | |
228 | This reference card is a handy quick guide to | |
229 | .I vi; | |
230 | you should get one when you get the introduction to | |
231 | .I vi. | |
232 | .NH 2 | |
233 | Pascal documents \- The language | |
234 | .PP | |
235 | This section describes the documents on the Pascal language | |
236 | which are likely to be most useful to the | |
237 | Berkeley | |
238 | Pascal user. | |
239 | Complete references for these documents are given in section 1.7. | |
240 | .SH | |
241 | Pascal User Manual | |
242 | .PP | |
243 | By Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth, the | |
244 | .I "User Manual" | |
245 | provides a tutorial introduction to the features | |
246 | of the language Pascal, | |
247 | and serves as an excellent quick-reference to the language. | |
248 | The reader with no familiarity with Algol-like languages | |
249 | may prefer one of the Pascal text books listed below, | |
250 | as they provide more examples and explanation. | |
251 | Particularly important here are pages 116-118 which define the syntax | |
252 | of the language. | |
253 | Sections 13 and 14 and Appendix F pertain only to the | |
254 | 6000-3.4 implementation of Pascal. | |
255 | .SH | |
256 | Pascal Report | |
257 | .PP | |
258 | By Niklaus Wirth, this document is bound with the | |
259 | .I "User Manual." | |
260 | It is the guiding reference for implementors and the fundamental | |
261 | definition of the language. | |
262 | Some programmers find this report too concise to be of practical use, | |
263 | preferring the | |
264 | .I "User Manual" | |
265 | as a reference. | |
266 | .SH | |
267 | Books on Pascal | |
268 | .PP | |
269 | Several good books which teach Pascal or use it as a medium are | |
270 | available. | |
271 | The books by Wirth | |
272 | .I "Systematic Programming" | |
273 | and | |
274 | .I "Algorithms + Data Structures = Programs" | |
275 | use Pascal as a vehicle for teaching programming and data structure | |
276 | concepts respectively. | |
277 | They are both recommended. | |
278 | Other books on Pascal are listed in the references below. | |
279 | .NH 2 | |
280 | Pascal documents \- The Berkeley Implementation | |
281 | .PP | |
282 | This section describes the documentation which is available | |
283 | describing the | |
284 | Berkeley | |
285 | implementation of Pascal. | |
286 | .SH | |
287 | User's Manual | |
288 | .PP | |
289 | The document you are reading is the | |
290 | .I "User's Manual" | |
291 | for | |
292 | .UP . | |
293 | We often refer the reader to the | |
294 | Jensen-Wirth | |
295 | .I "User Manual" | |
296 | mentioned above, | |
297 | a different document with a similar name. | |
298 | .SH | |
299 | Manual sections | |
300 | .PP | |
301 | The sections relating to Pascal in the | |
302 | .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual" | |
303 | are | |
304 | .IX | |
305 | (1), | |
306 | .PI | |
307 | (1), | |
308 | .X | |
309 | (1), | |
310 | .I pxp | |
311 | (1), | |
312 | and | |
313 | .I pxref | |
314 | (1). | |
315 | These sections give a description of each program, | |
316 | summarize the available options, | |
317 | indicate files used by the program, | |
318 | give basic information on the diagnostics produced | |
319 | and include a list of known bugs. | |
320 | .SH | |
321 | Implementation notes | |
322 | .PP | |
323 | For those interested in the internal organization of the | |
324 | Berkeley | |
325 | Pascal system there are a series of | |
326 | .I "Implementation Notes" | |
327 | describing these details. | |
328 | The | |
329 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implementation Notes" | |
330 | describe the Pascal interpreter | |
331 | .X \|; | |
332 | and the | |
333 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
334 | describe the structure of the | |
335 | execution profiler | |
336 | .I pxp . | |
337 | .br | |
338 | .ne 8 | |
339 | .NH 2 | |
340 | References | |
341 | .de re | |
342 | .sp | |
343 | .IP | |
344 | 'nf | |
345 | .. | |
346 | .SH | |
347 | UNIX Documents | |
348 | .re | |
349 | .I "Communicating With UNIX" | |
350 | Computer Center | |
351 | University of California, Berkeley | |
352 | January, 1978. | |
353 | .re | |
354 | .I "Edit: a tutorial" | |
355 | Ricki Blau and James Joyce | |
356 | Computing Services Division, Computing Affairs | |
357 | University of California, Berkeley | |
358 | January, 1978. | |
359 | .re | |
360 | .I "Ex/edit Command Summary" | |
361 | Computer Center | |
362 | University of California, Berkeley | |
363 | August, 1978. | |
364 | .re | |
365 | .I "Ex Reference Manual \- Version 3.1" | |
366 | .I "An Introduction to Display Editing with Vi" | |
367 | .I "Vi Quick Reference" | |
368 | William Joy | |
369 | Computer Science Division | |
370 | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | |
371 | University of California, Berkeley | |
372 | April, 1979. | |
373 | .re | |
374 | .I "An Introduction to the C shell" | |
375 | William Joy | |
376 | Computer Science Division | |
377 | Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science | |
378 | University of California, Berkeley | |
379 | January, 1979. | |
380 | .re | |
381 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
382 | .I "UNIX for Beginners \- Second Edition" | |
383 | Bell Laboratories | |
384 | Murray Hill, New Jersey. | |
385 | .re | |
386 | Brian W. Kernighan | |
387 | .I "A Tutorial Introduction to the UNIX Text Editor" | |
388 | Bell Laboratories | |
389 | Murray Hill, New Jersey. | |
390 | .re | |
391 | Dennis M. Ritchie and Ken Thompson | |
392 | .I "The UNIX Time Sharing System" | |
393 | Communications of the ACM | |
394 | July 1974 | |
395 | 365-378. | |
396 | .re | |
397 | B. W. Kernighan and M. D. McIlroy | |
398 | .I "UNIX Programmer's Manual \- Seventh Edition" | |
399 | Bell Laboratories | |
400 | Murray Hill, New Jersey | |
401 | December, 1978. | |
402 | .ne 12 | |
403 | .SH | |
404 | Pascal Language Documents | |
405 | .re | |
406 | Conway, Gries and Zimmerman | |
407 | .I "A Primer on PASCAL" | |
408 | Winthrop, Cambridge Mass. | |
409 | 1976, 433 pp. | |
410 | .re | |
411 | Kathleen Jensen and Niklaus Wirth | |
412 | .I "Pascal \- User Manual and Report" | |
413 | Springer-Verlag, New York. | |
414 | 1975, 167 pp. | |
415 | .re | |
416 | C. A. G. Webster | |
417 | .I "Introduction to Pascal" | |
418 | Heyden and Son, New York | |
419 | 1976, 129pp. | |
420 | .re | |
421 | Niklaus Wirth | |
422 | .I "Algorithms + Data structures = Programs" | |
423 | Prentice-Hall, New York. | |
424 | 1976, 366 pp. | |
425 | .re | |
426 | Niklaus Wirth | |
427 | .I "Systematic Programming" | |
428 | Prentice-Hall, New York. | |
429 | 1973, 169 pp. | |
430 | .SH | |
431 | Berkeley Pascal documents | |
432 | .PP | |
433 | The following documents are available from the Computer Center Library | |
434 | at the University of California, Berkeley. | |
435 | .nf | |
436 | .re | |
437 | William N. Joy, Susan L. Graham, and Charles B. Haley | |
438 | .I "Berkeley Pascal User's Manual \- Version 1.1" | |
439 | April, 1979. | |
440 | .re | |
441 | William N. Joy | |
442 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PX Implementation Notes" | |
443 | Version 1.1, April 1979. | |
444 | (Vax-11 Version By Kirk McKusick, December, 1979) | |
445 | .re | |
446 | William N. Joy | |
447 | .I "Berkeley Pascal PXP Implemetation Notex" | |
448 | Version 1.1, April 1979. |