[unix-history] / usr / man / man1 / sort.1

.TH SORT 1 "10 February 1983"
.SH NAME
sort \- sort or merge files
.SH SYNOPSIS
.B sort
[
.if t \fB\-mubdf\&inrt\fIx\fR
.if n -mubdfinrt\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b_________x
]
[ \fB+\fIpos1 \fR [ \fB\-\fIpos2 \fR]
] ...
[ 
.B \-o 
name ] [
.B \-T
directory ] [ name ] ...
.SH DESCRIPTION
.I Sort
sorts lines of all the named files together and writes the result on
the standard output.  The name `\-' means the standard input.
If no input files are named, the standard input is sorted.
.LP
The default sort key is an entire line.
Default ordering is lexicographic by bytes in machine collating sequence.
The ordering is affected globally by the following options,
one or more of which may appear.
.TP 5
.B  b
Ignore leading blanks (spaces and tabs) in field comparisons.
.TP 5
.B  d
`Dictionary' order: only letters, digits and blanks
are significant in comparisons.
.TP 5
.B  f
Fold upper case letters onto lower case.
.TP 5
.B  i
Ignore characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176 in nonnumeric comparisons.
.TP 5
.B  n
An initial numeric string, consisting of optional blanks, optional minus sign,
and zero or more digits with optional decimal point,
is sorted by arithmetic value.  Option
.B n
implies option
.B b.
.TP 5
.B  r
Reverse the sense of comparisons.
.TP 5
.BI t x
`Tab character' separating fields is
.IR x .
.LP
The notation
.BI + "pos1 " "\-\fIpos2"
restricts a sort key to a field beginning at
.I pos1
and ending just before
.IR pos2 .
.I Pos1
and
.I pos2
each have the form
.IB m . n\fR,
optionally followed by one or more of the flags
.B bdf\&inr,
where
.I m
tells a number of fields to skip from the beginning of the line and
.I n
tells a number of characters to skip further.
If any flags are present they override all the global
ordering options for this key.  If the
.B b
option is in effect
.I n
is counted from the first nonblank in the field;
.B b
is attached independently to 
.IR pos2 .
A missing \&\fB.\fIn\fR means .0; a missing
.BI \- pos2
means the end of the line.  Under the
.BI \-t x
option, fields are strings separated by
.IR x ;
otherwise fields are nonempty nonblank strings separated by blanks.
.LP
When there are multiple sort keys, later keys
are compared only after all earlier keys compare equal.
Lines that otherwise compare equal are ordered with all bytes significant.
.LP
These option arguments are also understood:
.TP 5
.B c
Check that the input file is sorted according to the ordering rules;
give no output unless the file is out of sort.
.TP 5
.B  m
Merge only, the input files are already sorted.
.TP 5
.B  o
The next argument is the name of an output file
to use instead of the standard output.
This file may be the same as one of the inputs.
.TP 5
.B T
The next argument is the name of a directory in which temporary files
should be made.
.TP 5
.B  u
Suppress all but one in each set of equal lines.
Ignored bytes and bytes outside keys do not participate in this comparison.
.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
Print in alphabetical order all the unique spellings in a list of words.
Capitalized words differ from uncapitalized.
.LP
.ti +8
sort \-u +0f +0 list
.LP
Print the password file
.RI ( passwd (5))
sorted by user id number (the 3rd colon-separated field).
.LP
.ti +8
sort \-t: +2n /etc/passwd
.LP
Print the first instance of each month in an already sorted file
of (month day) entries.
The options
.B \-um
with just one input file make the choice of a
unique representative from a set of equal lines predictable.
.LP
.ti +8
sort \-um +0 \-1 dates
.SH FILES
/usr/tmp/stm*, /tmp/*	first and second tries for
temporary files
.SH "SEE ALSO"
uniq(1),
comm(1),
rev(1),
join(1)
.SH DIAGNOSTICS
Comments and exits with nonzero status for various trouble
conditions and for disorder discovered under option
.BR \-c .
.SH BUGS
Very long lines are silently truncated.
Commit	Line	Data
d8649de5 C	1	.TH SORT 1 "10 February 1983"
	2	.SH NAME
	3	sort \- sort or merge files
	4	.SH SYNOPSIS
	5	.B sort
	6	[
	7	.if t \fB\-mubdf\&inrt\fIx\fR
	8	.if n -mubdfinrt\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b\b_________x
	9	]
	10	[ \fB+\fIpos1 \fR [ \fB\-\fIpos2 \fR]
	11	] ...
	12	[
	13	.B \-o
	14	name ] [
	15	.B \-T
	16	directory ] [ name ] ...
	17	.SH DESCRIPTION
	18	.I Sort
	19	sorts lines of all the named files together and writes the result on
	20	the standard output. The name `\-' means the standard input.
	21	If no input files are named, the standard input is sorted.
	22	.LP
	23	The default sort key is an entire line.
	24	Default ordering is lexicographic by bytes in machine collating sequence.
	25	The ordering is affected globally by the following options,
	26	one or more of which may appear.
	27	.TP 5
	28	.B b
	29	Ignore leading blanks (spaces and tabs) in field comparisons.
	30	.TP 5
	31	.B d
	32	`Dictionary' order: only letters, digits and blanks
	33	are significant in comparisons.
	34	.TP 5
	35	.B f
	36	Fold upper case letters onto lower case.
	37	.TP 5
	38	.B i
	39	Ignore characters outside the ASCII range 040-0176 in nonnumeric comparisons.
	40	.TP 5
	41	.B n
	42	An initial numeric string, consisting of optional blanks, optional minus sign,
	43	and zero or more digits with optional decimal point,
	44	is sorted by arithmetic value. Option
	45	.B n
	46	implies option
	47	.B b.
	48	.TP 5
	49	.B r
	50	Reverse the sense of comparisons.
	51	.TP 5
	52	.BI t x
	53	`Tab character' separating fields is
	54	.IR x .
	55	.LP
	56	The notation
	57	.BI + "pos1 " "\-\fIpos2"
	58	restricts a sort key to a field beginning at
	59	.I pos1
	60	and ending just before
	61	.IR pos2 .
	62	.I Pos1
	63	and
	64	.I pos2
65	each have the form
66	.IB m . n\fR,
67	optionally followed by one or more of the flags
68	.B bdf\&inr,
69	where
70	.I m
71	tells a number of fields to skip from the beginning of the line and
72	.I n
73	tells a number of characters to skip further.
74	If any flags are present they override all the global
75	ordering options for this key. If the
76	.B b
77	option is in effect
78	.I n
79	is counted from the first nonblank in the field;
80	.B b
81	is attached independently to
82	.IR pos2 .
83	A missing \&\fB.\fIn\fR means .0; a missing
84	.BI \- pos2
85	means the end of the line. Under the
86	.BI \-t x
87	option, fields are strings separated by
88	.IR x ;
89	otherwise fields are nonempty nonblank strings separated by blanks.
90	.LP
91	When there are multiple sort keys, later keys
92	are compared only after all earlier keys compare equal.
93	Lines that otherwise compare equal are ordered with all bytes significant.
94	.LP
95	These option arguments are also understood:
96	.TP 5
97	.B c
98	Check that the input file is sorted according to the ordering rules;
99	give no output unless the file is out of sort.
100	.TP 5
101	.B m
102	Merge only, the input files are already sorted.
103	.TP 5
104	.B o
105	The next argument is the name of an output file
106	to use instead of the standard output.
107	This file may be the same as one of the inputs.
108	.TP 5
109	.B T
110	The next argument is the name of a directory in which temporary files
111	should be made.
112	.TP 5
113	.B u
114	Suppress all but one in each set of equal lines.
115	Ignored bytes and bytes outside keys do not participate in this comparison.
116	.SH EXAMPLES
117	.LP
118	Print in alphabetical order all the unique spellings in a list of words.
119	Capitalized words differ from uncapitalized.
120	.LP
121	.ti +8
122	sort \-u +0f +0 list
123	.LP
124	Print the password file
125	.RI ( passwd (5))
126	sorted by user id number (the 3rd colon-separated field).
127	.LP
128	.ti +8
129	sort \-t: +2n /etc/passwd
130	.LP
131	Print the first instance of each month in an already sorted file
132	of (month day) entries.
133	The options
134	.B \-um
135	with just one input file make the choice of a
136	unique representative from a set of equal lines predictable.
137	.LP
138	.ti +8
139	sort \-um +0 \-1 dates
140	.SH FILES
141	/usr/tmp/stm, /tmp/ first and second tries for
142	temporary files
143	.SH "SEE ALSO"
144	uniq(1),
145	comm(1),
146	rev(1),
147	join(1)
148	.SH DIAGNOSTICS
149	Comments and exits with nonzero status for various trouble
150	conditions and for disorder discovered under option
151	.BR \-c .
152	.SH BUGS
153	Very long lines are silently truncated.