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9d89e5d6 | 1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980,1983 Regents of the University of California. |
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2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
b0a48957 | 5 | .\" @(#)format.8 6.4 (Berkeley) %G% |
61da1838 | 6 | .\" |
cae4adfc | 7 | .TH FORMAT 8V "" |
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8 | .UC 4 |
9 | .SH NAME | |
8a383557 | 10 | format \- how to format disk packs |
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11 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
12 | .PP | |
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13 | There are two ways to format disk packs. The simplest is to |
14 | use the | |
15 | .I format | |
16 | program. The alternative is to use the DEC standard formatting | |
17 | software which operates under the DEC diagnostic supervisor. | |
18 | This manual page describes the operation of | |
19 | .IR format , | |
20 | then concludes with some remarks about using the DEC formatter. | |
21 | .PP | |
22 | .I Format | |
23 | is a standalone program used to | |
24 | format and check disks prior to constructing | |
25 | file systems. | |
26 | In addition to the formatting | |
27 | operation, | |
28 | .I format | |
29 | records any bad sectors encountered | |
30 | according to DEC standard 144. | |
31 | Formatting is performed one track at a | |
32 | time by writing the appropriate | |
33 | headers and a test pattern and then checking | |
34 | the sector by reading and verifying the pattern, using | |
35 | the controller's ECC for error detection. | |
36 | A sector is marked bad if an unrecoverable media | |
37 | error is detected, or if a correctable | |
478653dc | 38 | ECC error too many bits in length |
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39 | is detected (such errors are indicated as |
40 | ``ECC'' in the summary printed upon | |
41 | completing the format operation). | |
42 | After the entire disk | |
43 | has been formatted and checked, | |
44 | the total number of errors are reported, | |
45 | any bad sectors and skip sectors are marked, | |
46 | and a bad sector forwarding table | |
47 | is written to the disk in the first five | |
48 | even numbered sectors of the last track. | |
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49 | It is also possible to reformat sections of the disk |
50 | in units of tracks. | |
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51 | .I Format |
52 | may be used on any UNIBUS or MASSBUS drive | |
53 | supported by the \fIup\fP and \fIhp\fP device | |
54 | drivers which uses 4-byte headers (everything except RP's). | |
55 | .PP | |
56 | The test pattern used during the media check | |
57 | may be selected from one of: 0xf00f (RH750 worst case), | |
58 | 0xec6d (media worst case), and 0xa5a5 (alternating | |
59 | 1's and 0's). | |
60 | Normally the media worst case pattern is used. | |
61 | .PP | |
62 | .I Format | |
9d89e5d6 | 63 | also has an option to perform an extended \*(lqsevere burn-in,\*(rq |
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64 | which makes a number of passes using different patterns. |
65 | The number of passes can be selected at run time, | |
b0a48957 | 66 | up to a maximum of 48, |
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67 | with provision for additional passes or termination |
68 | after the preselected number of passes. | |
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69 | This test runs for many hours, depending on the disk and processor. |
70 | .PP | |
71 | Each time | |
72 | .I format | |
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73 | is run to format an entire disk, |
74 | a completely new bad sector table is generated | |
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75 | based on errors encountered while formatting. |
76 | The device driver, however, will always attempt to | |
77 | read any existing bad sector table when the device is | |
78 | first opened. | |
79 | Thus, if a disk pack has never previously been formatted, | |
80 | or has been formatted with different sectoring, | |
81 | five error messages will be printed when the driver attempts | |
82 | to read the bad sector table; these diagnostics should be ignored. | |
83 | .PP | |
84 | Formatting a 400 megabyte disk on a MASSBUS disk controller | |
85 | usually takes about 20 minutes. | |
86 | Formatting on a UNIBUS disk controller takes significantly | |
87 | longer. | |
88 | For every hundredth cylinder formatted | |
89 | .I format | |
90 | prints a message indicating the current cylinder being formatted. | |
91 | (This message is just to reassure people that nothing is | |
92 | is amiss.) | |
93 | .PP | |
94 | .I Format | |
478653dc | 95 | uses the standard notation of the standalone I/O library |
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96 | in identifying a drive to be formatted. A drive is |
97 | specified as | |
98 | .IR zz ( x , y ), | |
99 | where | |
100 | .I zz | |
101 | refers to the controller type (either | |
102 | .I hp | |
103 | or | |
104 | .IR up ), | |
105 | .I x | |
106 | is the unit number of the drive; | |
107 | 8 times the UNIBUS or MASSBUS | |
108 | adaptor number plus the MASSBUS drive number or UNIBUS | |
109 | drive unit number; and | |
110 | .I y | |
111 | is the file system partition | |
112 | on drive | |
113 | .I x | |
114 | (this should always be 0). | |
115 | For example, ``hp(1,0)'' indicates that drive | |
116 | 1 on MASSBUS adaptor 0 should be formatted; while | |
478653dc | 117 | ``up(10,0)'' indicates that UNIBUS drive 2 on UNIBUS adaptor 1 |
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118 | should be formatted. |
119 | .PP | |
120 | Before each formatting attempt, | |
121 | .I format | |
122 | prompts the user in case debugging should be enabled | |
123 | in the appropriate device driver. A carriage return | |
124 | disables debugging information. | |
125 | .PP | |
126 | .I Format | |
127 | should be used prior to building file systems (with | |
128 | .IR newfs (8)) | |
478653dc | 129 | to insure that all sectors with uncorrectable media errors |
8a383557 | 130 | are remapped. If a drive develops uncorrectable |
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131 | defects after formatting, either |
132 | .IR bad144 (8) | |
133 | or | |
8a383557 | 134 | .IR badsect (8) |
478653dc | 135 | should be able to avoid the bad sectors. |
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136 | .SH EXAMPLE |
137 | A sample run of | |
138 | .I format | |
139 | is shown below. | |
140 | In this example (using a VAX-11/780), | |
141 | .I format | |
142 | is loaded from the console floppy; | |
143 | on an 11/750 | |
144 | .I format | |
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145 | will be loaded from the root file system with |
146 | .IR boot (8) | |
147 | following a \*(lqB/3\*(rq command. | |
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148 | Boldface means user input. |
149 | As usual, ``#'' and ``@'' may be used to edit input. | |
150 | .nf | |
151 | .in +0.5i | |
152 | .ta 1i | |
153 | .sp 1 | |
154 | >>>\fBL FORMAT\fP | |
155 | LOAD DONE, 00004400 BYTES LOADED | |
156 | >>>\fBS 2\fP | |
157 | Disk format/check utility | |
158 | .sp | |
159 | Enable debugging (0=none, 1=bse, 2=ecc, 3=bse+ecc)? \fB0\fP | |
478653dc | 160 | Device to format? \fBhp(8,0)\fP |
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161 | (\fIerror messages may occur as old bad sector table is read\fP) |
162 | Formatting drive hp0 on adaptor 1: verify (yes/no)? \fByes\fP | |
163 | Device data: #cylinders=842, #tracks=20, #sectors=48 | |
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164 | Starting cylinder (0): |
165 | Starting track (0): | |
166 | Ending cylinder (841): | |
167 | Ending track (19): | |
8a383557 | 168 | Available test patterns are: |
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169 | .in +1.0i |
170 | 1 - (f00f) RH750 worst case | |
171 | 2 - (ec6d) media worst case | |
172 | 3 - (a5a5) alternating 1's and 0's | |
173 | 4 - (ffff) Severe burnin (up to 48 passes) | |
174 | .in -1.0i | |
8a383557 | 175 | Pattern (one of the above, other to restart)? \fB2\fP |
478653dc | 176 | Maximum number of bit errors to allow for soft ECC (3): |
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177 | Start formatting...make sure the drive is online |
178 | ... | |
179 | (\fIsoft ecc's and other errors are reported as they occur\fP) | |
180 | ... | |
181 | (\fIif 4 write check errors were found, the program terminates like this...\fP) | |
182 | ... | |
183 | Errors: | |
8a383557 | 184 | Bad sector: 0 |
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185 | Write check: 4 |
186 | Hard ECC: 0 | |
187 | Other hard: 0 | |
188 | Marked bad: 0 | |
189 | Skipped: 0 | |
190 | Total of 4 hard errors revectored. | |
191 | Writing bad sector table at block 808272 | |
192 | (\fI808272 is the block # of the first block in the bad sector table\fP) | |
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193 | Done |
194 | (\fI...program restarts to allow formatting other disks\fP) | |
195 | (\fI...to abort halt machine with ^P\fP) | |
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196 | .fi |
197 | .sp 1 | |
198 | .SH DIAGNOSTICS | |
199 | The diagnostics are intended to be self explanatory. | |
200 | .SH "USING DEC SOFTWARE TO FORMAT" | |
201 | .PP | |
202 | .B "Warning: These instructions are for people with 11/780 CPU's." | |
203 | The steps needed for 11/750 or 11/730 cpu's are similar, but not | |
204 | covered in detail here. | |
205 | .I | |
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206 | .PP |
207 | The formatting procedures are different for each type of disk. Listed | |
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208 | here are the formatting procedures for RK07's, RP0X, and RM0X |
209 | disks. | |
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210 | .PP |
211 | You should shut down UNIX and halt the machine to do any disk formatting. | |
212 | Make certain you put in the pack you want formatted. It is also a good idea | |
213 | to spin down or write protect the disks you don't want to format, just in case. | |
214 | .PP | |
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215 | .B "Formatting an RK07." |
216 | Load the console floppy labeled, "RX11 VAX DSK LD DEV #1" in | |
217 | the console disk drive, and type the following commands: | |
218 | .RS | |
61da1838 | 219 | .nf |
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220 | >>>BOOT |
221 | DIAGNOSTIC SUPERVISOR. ZZ-ESSAA-X5.0-119 23-JAN-1980 12:44:40.03 | |
222 | DS>ATTACH DW780 SBI DW0 3 5 | |
223 | DS>ATTACH RK611 DMA | |
224 | DS>ATTACH RK07 DW0 DMA0 | |
225 | DS>SELECT DMA0 | |
226 | DS>LOAD EVRAC | |
227 | DS>START/SEC:PACKINIT | |
61da1838 | 228 | .fi |
8a383557 | 229 | .RE |
61da1838 | 230 | .PP |
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231 | .B "Formatting an RP0X." |
232 | Follow the above procedures except that the | |
233 | ATTACH and SELECT lines should read: | |
234 | .RS | |
61da1838 | 235 | .nf |
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236 | DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5 |
237 | DS>ATTACH RP0X RH0 DBA0 (RP0X is, e.g. RP06) | |
238 | DS>SELECT DBA0 | |
61da1838 | 239 | .fi |
8a383557 | 240 | .RE |
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241 | .PP |
242 | This is for drive 0 on mba0; use 9 instead of 8 for mba1, etc. | |
243 | .PP | |
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244 | .B "Formatting an RM0X." |
245 | Follow the above procedures except that the | |
246 | ATTACH and SELECT lines should read: | |
247 | .RS | |
61da1838 | 248 | .nf |
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249 | DS>ATTACH RH780 SBI RH0 8 5 |
250 | DS>ATTACH RM0X RH0 DRA0 | |
251 | DS>SELECT DRA0 | |
61da1838 | 252 | .fi |
8a383557 | 253 | .RE |
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254 | .PP |
255 | Don't forget to put your UNIX console floppy back | |
256 | in the floppy disk drive. | |
257 | .SH SEE ALSO | |
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258 | bad144(8), |
259 | badsect(8), | |
260 | newfs(8) | |
261 | .SH BUGS | |
262 | An equivalent facility should be available which operates under | |
263 | a running UNIX system. | |
264 | .PP | |
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265 | It should be possible to reformat or verify part or all of a disk, |
266 | then update the existing bad sector table. |