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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1985 The Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. | |
092078c2 | 3 | .\" |
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4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms are permitted provided |
5 | .\" that: (1) source distributions retain this entire copyright notice and | |
6 | .\" comment, and (2) distributions including binaries display the following | |
7 | .\" acknowledgement: ``This product includes software developed by the | |
8 | .\" University of California, Berkeley and its contributors'' in the | |
9 | .\" documentation or other materials provided with the distribution and in | |
10 | .\" all advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software. | |
11 | .\" Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors may | |
12 | .\" be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software without | |
13 | .\" specific prior written permission. | |
14 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ``AS IS'' AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED | |
15 | .\" WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF | |
16 | .\" MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. | |
14955f05 | 17 | .\" |
1c15e888 | 18 | .\" @(#)badsect.8 6.3 (Berkeley) 6/24/90 |
092078c2 | 19 | .\" |
1c15e888 | 20 | .TH BADSECT 8 "June 24, 1990" |
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21 | .UC 4 |
22 | .SH NAME | |
23 | badsect \- create files to contain bad sectors | |
24 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
25 | .B /etc/badsect | |
c7d258c2 | 26 | bbdir sector ... |
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27 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
28 | .I Badsect | |
29 | makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors | |
30 | are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides | |
31 | a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver; see | |
32 | .IR bad144 (8) | |
33 | for details. | |
34 | If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to | |
35 | use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding | |
36 | makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with | |
c7d258c2 | 37 | .IR dd (1). |
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38 | The technique used by this program is also less general than |
39 | bad block forwarding, as | |
40 | .I badsect | |
41 | can't make amends for | |
42 | bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas. | |
43 | .PP | |
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44 | On some disks, |
45 | adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table | |
46 | currently requires the running of the standard DEC formatter. | |
47 | Thus to deal with a newly bad block | |
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48 | or on disks where the drivers |
49 | do not support the bad-blocking standard | |
50 | .I badsect | |
c7d258c2 | 51 | may be used to good effect. |
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52 | .PP |
53 | .I Badsect | |
54 | is used on a quiet file system in the following way: | |
55 | First mount the file system, and change to its root directory. | |
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56 | Make a directory BAD there. Run |
57 | .I badsect | |
58 | giving as argument the BAD directory followed by | |
59 | all the bad sectors you wish to add. | |
60 | (The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of | |
61 | the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports | |
62 | relative sector numbers in its console error messages.) | |
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63 | Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system |
64 | and run | |
65 | .IR fsck (8) | |
66 | on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files | |
67 | or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have | |
68 | .I fsck | |
69 | remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but | |
70 | .B "do not" | |
71 | have it remove the BAD/\fInnnnn\fR files. | |
72 | This will leave the bad sectors in only the BAD files. | |
73 | .PP | |
74 | .I Badsect | |
75 | works by giving the specified sector numbers in a | |
76 | .IR mknod (2) | |
77 | system call, | |
c7d258c2 | 78 | creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing |
092078c2 | 79 | bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number. |
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80 | When it is discovered by |
81 | .I fsck | |
82 | it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK''? | |
83 | A positive response will cause | |
84 | .I fsck | |
85 | to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block. | |
092078c2 | 86 | .SH SEE ALSO |
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87 | bad144(8), |
88 | fsck(8), | |
89 | format(8V) | |
90 | .SH DIAGNOSTICS | |
91 | .I Badsect | |
92 | refuses to attach a block that | |
93 | resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system. | |
94 | A warning is issued if the block is already in use. | |
092078c2 | 95 | .SH BUGS |
c7d258c2 | 96 | If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad, |
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97 | you should specify only one of them to |
98 | .I badsect, | |
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99 | as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a |
100 | file system fragment. |