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1 | FreeBSD 1.0 |
2 | INSTALLATION NOTES <1.00, 8 September 1993> | |
3 | ||
4 | These notes have been prepared from those written originally for NetBSD | |
5 | 0.9. The conversion was done by someone who has had experience with | |
6 | installing and upgrading 386bsd, but who is not a unix guru, so there | |
7 | will be slant towards this experience. Corrections/updates are | |
8 | welcomed, it is difficult/impossible to test every last hardware | |
9 | combination. | |
10 | ||
11 | Be sure to read _ALL_ of this document before you try to install | |
12 | FreeBSD. FreeBSD probably looks a bit similar to things that you've | |
13 | seen before (perhaps 386BSD), but the installation procedures are quite | |
14 | different. | |
15 | ||
16 | ||
17 | FreeBSD 1.0 Release Contents: | |
18 | ------- --- ------- -------- | |
19 | ||
20 | The FreeBSD 1.0 Release consists of the following elements: | |
21 | ||
22 | Bootable Kernel-copy floppies | |
23 | ||
24 | These disks contain file systems, are bootable, and | |
25 | have enough utilities on board to copy a new kernel | |
26 | to your hard disk once you have it partitioned | |
27 | for FreeBSD. They make upgrading to a new kernel | |
28 | easy, because all you have to do is get a new | |
29 | kernel-copy floppy with a new kernel, boot from it, | |
30 | and confirm that you want to have the kernel copied | |
31 | to your disk. | |
32 | ||
33 | There are currently two different kernel copy floppy | |
34 | images, "kcopy-ah-floppy", and "kcopy-bt-floppy". The | |
35 | first has the driver for the Adaptec 154x and 1742 host | |
36 | adapter, the second has the drivers for the Bustek 742 | |
37 | and Ultrastore host adapter. Either floppy can be used | |
38 | for systems with MFM/RLL/IDE disk drives. | |
39 | ||
40 | Installation floppies | |
41 | ||
42 | These are currently two disks which contain the | |
43 | software necessary to prepare your hard drive | |
44 | for FreeBSD and install the FreeBSD distribution. | |
45 | They are not bootable and must be used in | |
46 | conjunction with one of the kernel-copy floppies. | |
47 | These floppies are named "filesystem-floppy" and | |
48 | "cpio-floppy". | |
49 | ||
50 | Upgrade floppies | |
51 | ||
52 | There is work being done on upgrading from 386bsd to | |
53 | FreeBSD. Presumably an announcement will be made on | |
54 | one of the comp.os.386bsd newsgroups in due course. | |
55 | This document ignores the existence of such floppies. | |
56 | ||
57 | FreeBSD distribution sets | |
58 | ||
59 | These are collections of software, and include | |
60 | both the binaries necessary to run the system | |
61 | and the sources to the entire system. | |
62 | ||
63 | FreeBSD 1.0 is split up into three different | |
64 | distribution sets, one of which contains FreeBSD | |
65 | binaries, one of which contains the FreeBSD source, | |
66 | and the last of which contains the tools which | |
67 | are needed for a ``secure'' system. This last set | |
68 | replaces certain binaries in the base binary distribution | |
69 | with binaries that contain the DES crypt(3) code. | |
70 | ||
71 | The binary distribution set can be found in | |
72 | the "binarydist" subdirectory of the distribution, | |
73 | and is named bin.tar.gz.aa to bin.tar.gz.db (ie 80 | |
74 | files all told), plus file CKSUMS. | |
75 | ||
76 | The source distribution sets can be found in | |
77 | under "sourcedist" subdirectory of the distribution, | |
78 | and is named src.tar.gz.aa to src.tar.gz.cp (ie 68 | |
79 | files all told), plus file CKSUMS. | |
80 | ||
81 | Finally, the security distribution set contains | |
82 | usr/src/libcrypt/*, the source files for the DES encryption | |
83 | algorithm, and the binaries which depend on it. | |
84 | It can be found in the "securedist" subdirectory on | |
85 | sites which choose to carry the complete FreeBSD | |
86 | distribution. The GAMMA release included more binaries in | |
87 | this distribution than actually contain DES, this was an | |
88 | error and will be corrected for the next release. | |
89 | ||
90 | All of the files except the last files for each set | |
91 | are 240,640 bytes long. (The last file is just long | |
92 | enough to contain the rest of the data for that | |
93 | distribution set.) | |
94 | ||
95 | Put together, the files for a set comprise a | |
96 | gzipped tar file. If you don't want to | |
97 | go through the install process, but want to | |
98 | look at the contents of the files, you could use | |
99 | the command, say for the binarydist files, | |
100 | ||
101 | cat bin* | gunzip | tar tvf - | more | |
102 | ||
103 | or to extract the files themselves use | |
104 | ||
105 | cat bin* | gunzip | tar xvfp - | |
106 | ||
107 | Using this method, the files are extracted, | |
108 | "below" the current directory. That is, if you | |
109 | want to extract the binaries "into" your system, | |
110 | i.e. replace the system binaries with them, you have | |
111 | to run the "tar xvfp" from /. | |
112 | ||
113 | In each of the distribution directories, there is | |
114 | a file named "CKSUMS" which contains the checksums | |
115 | of the files in that directory, as generated | |
116 | by the cksum(1) command. You can use cksum to | |
117 | check the integrity of the archives, if you suspect | |
118 | one of the files is corrupt and have access to a | |
119 | cksum binary. Note that the CKSUMS files are produced | |
120 | using the BSD 4.4 version of cksum which is POSIX | |
121 | compliant. The values in this file will probably not | |
122 | match with cksums from other systems. FreeBSD uses the | |
123 | new BSD 4.4 cksum routine. A copy of the new cksum | |
124 | binary that will run on 386bsd/Netbsd/FreeBSD can be | |
125 | found in the "tools" subdirectory of the distribution. | |
126 | ||
127 | ||
128 | System Requirements and Supported Devices: | |
129 | ------ ------------ --- --------- ------- | |
130 | ||
131 | FreeBSD 1.0 runs on ISA (AT-Bus) and EISA systems, with 386 and 486 | |
132 | processors, with or without math coprocessors. It does NOT support | |
133 | Micro-channel systems, such as some IBM PS/2 systems. The minimal | |
134 | configuration includes 4Meg of RAM, and a 60Meg hard disk, but to | |
135 | install the entire system you'll need much more disk space, and to run | |
136 | X or compile the system more RAM is recommended. (4Meg will actually | |
137 | allow you to run X and/or compile, but it's extremely slow.) | |
138 | ||
139 | Supported devices include: | |
140 | ||
141 | Standard floppy controllers | |
142 | Standard hard disk controllers: | |
143 | MFM | |
144 | ESDI | |
145 | IDE | |
146 | RLL | |
147 | SCSI hard disk controllers: | |
148 | Adaptec AHA-1542{A,B,C}, -1742 [kcopy-ah-floppy] | |
149 | Bustek 742 (EISA) Ultrastor 14f and 34f [kcopy-bt-floppy] | |
150 | Display Adaptors: | |
151 | MDA | |
152 | CGA | |
153 | VGA (and SVGA) | |
154 | HGC | |
155 | Serial communications ports | |
156 | 8250 | |
157 | 16450 | |
158 | 16550A | |
159 | Ethernet controllers | |
160 | SMC/WD 8003, 8013, and equivalents | |
161 | (including the SMC "Elite" series) | |
162 | Novell NE1000, NE2000 | |
163 | 3COM 3c503 | |
164 | ISOLAN ISOLink | |
165 | Tape drives: | |
166 | QIC-02 format tape drives | |
167 | most SCSI tape drives should work | |
168 | _NO_ QIC-40 or QIC-80 tape drives will work | |
169 | CD-ROM drives: | |
170 | most SCSI CD-ROM drives should work | |
171 | _NO_ non-SCSI CD-ROM drives will work | |
172 | ||
173 | To be detected by the distributed kernels, the devices must | |
174 | be configured as follows: (Note: IRQ 9 is the same as IRQ 2 | |
175 | on ISA/EISA based machines) | |
176 | ||
177 | Device Name Port IRQ DRQ Misc | |
178 | ------ ---- ---- --- --- ---- | |
179 | Floppy Cntlr. fdc0 0x3f0 6 2 | |
180 | ||
181 | Std. Hard Disk Cntlr. | |
182 | wdc0 0x1f0 14 | |
183 | ||
184 | AHA-154x SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 11 5 [kcopy-ah-floppy] | |
185 | ||
186 | AHA-174x SCSI Cntlr. automagically configured [kcopy-ah-floppy] | |
187 | ||
188 | BT742 SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 12 [kcopy-bt-floppy] | |
189 | ||
190 | UHA-14f SCSI Cntlr. or | |
191 | UHA-34f SCSI Cntlr. 0x330 11 5 [kcopy-bt-floppy] | |
192 | ||
193 | SCSI Disks sd[0-2] automagically configured | |
194 | ||
195 | SCSI Tapes st[01] automagically configured | |
196 | ||
197 | SCSI CD-ROMs cd0 automagically configured | |
198 | ||
199 | Serial Ports com0 0x3f8 4 | |
200 | com1 0x2f8 3 | |
201 | com2 0x3e8 5 | |
202 | com3 0x3f8 9 | |
203 | ||
204 | SMC/WD Ethernet or | |
205 | 3COM 3c503 ed0 0x280 5 iomem 0xd8000 | |
206 | ||
207 | NOTE for 386bsd users:- the we0 device for the WD80xxyy card has been | |
208 | replaced with an ed0 device. The default settings of 2/280/d000 have | |
209 | been changed to 5/280/d800 as this address accomdates all of the boards. | |
210 | ||
211 | Novell Ethernet ne0 0x300 9 | |
212 | ||
213 | ISOLAN ISOLink is0 0x280 10 7 | |
214 | ||
215 | QIC-02 Tape wt0 0x300 5 1 | |
216 | ||
217 | Parallel (Printer) Port | |
218 | lpt0 0x3BC 7 | |
219 | ||
220 | Interruptless Parallel (Printer) Port | |
221 | lpa0 0x378 | |
222 | lpa1 0x278 | |
223 | ||
224 | NOTE you MUST disable the interrupt on the board or you will | |
225 | have problems using these drivers. | |
226 | ||
227 | ||
228 | Getting the System on to Useful Media: | |
229 | ------- --- ------ -- -- ------ ----- | |
230 | ||
231 | Installation is supported from several media types, including: | |
232 | ||
233 | MS-DOS floppies | |
234 | Tape | |
235 | NFS partitions | |
236 | FTP | |
237 | ||
238 | No matter what you do, however, you'll need to have three disks (1.2M | |
239 | or 1.44M) handy, on which you will put the kernel-copy image and the | |
240 | install (or upgrade) floppy images. | |
241 | ||
242 | The images are available from the directory "floppies", under the root | |
243 | of the FreeBSD/FreeBSD-1.0-GAMMA tree at your favorite archive site. | |
244 | They're available both as raw disk images, and gzipped, to save time | |
245 | downloading. | |
246 | ||
247 | If you are using an AHA-154x or AHA-1742 SCSI host adapter, you need | |
248 | the kcopy-ah-floppy image. If you're using a BT-742 SCSI host adapter | |
249 | or an Ultrastor adaptor, then you'll need the kcopy-bt-floppy image. | |
250 | If you're using MFM/RLL/IDE disk controllers, you can use either | |
251 | kernel-copy floppy image. | |
252 | ||
253 | If you are using UNIX to make the floppies, you should use the command | |
254 | dd(1) to write the raw floppy images (ie kcopy-ah-floppy or | |
255 | kcopy-bt-floppy, filesystem-floppy and cpio-floppy) to the floppies. Use | |
256 | "man dd" or ask your system administrator for details on the correct | |
257 | set of arguments to use; it will be slightly different from system to | |
258 | system, and the exact set of necessary arguments to dd is beyond the | |
259 | scope of this document. | |
260 | ||
261 | If you are using DOS to make the floppies, you should use the rawrite | |
262 | utility. This can be found in the "tools" subdirectory of the distribution. | |
263 | It will write a raw image file to a disk, and the operation instructions | |
264 | are self-evident. Such files are 1228800 bytes in size. You can rawrite | |
265 | the images to either 1.2MB or 1.44MB floppies. | |
266 | ||
267 | The steps necessary to prepare the distribution sets for installation | |
268 | depend on which method of installation you choose. The various methods | |
269 | are explained below. | |
270 | ||
271 | To prepare for installing via MS-DOS floppies: | |
272 | (NOTE: At this stage you can only prepare to install these files, you | |
273 | cannot do the installation using "load_fd" as the mread program is not | |
274 | on the installation disks, nor will the "load_fd" allow itself to be | |
275 | terminated neatly and cleanly. No doubt this will be fixed in due | |
276 | course, watch the newsgroups inside comp.os.386bsd.) Work is already | |
277 | in process to fix this. | |
278 | ||
279 | To prepare FreeBSD for installaton from MS-DOS floppies, you | |
280 | need to do the following: | |
281 | ||
282 | Count the number of "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files | |
283 | you have. Call this number N. You will | |
284 | need N/6 1.44M floppies, or N/5 1.2M | |
285 | floppies to install the distribution | |
286 | in this manner. For the set of bin files | |
287 | (ie 80 files) and 1.2 Mb floppies you will | |
288 | need 16 disks. | |
289 | ||
290 | Format all of the floppies, with MS-DOS. | |
291 | Don't make any of them MS-DOS bootable | |
292 | floppies. (i.e. don't use "format /s"!) | |
293 | (If you use "format /u" then the format | |
294 | will run a tad faster). | |
295 | ||
296 | Place all of the "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files on | |
297 | the DOS disks. (How you do this is up to | |
298 | you. You could, for instance, use a DOS | |
299 | terminal program to download them on to | |
300 | the floppies, or perhaps use a UNIX machine | |
301 | capable of reading and writing DOS filesystems | |
302 | to place the files on the disk. The | |
303 | possibilities are almost endless.) (If you are | |
304 | working off a 386bsd or related system, you can | |
305 | use "mwrite" to write the files to floppies - | |
306 | this is tedious but it does work. Use commands | |
307 | like this:- | |
308 | ||
309 | for i in aa ab ac ad ae; do | |
310 | mwrite bin.tar.gz.$i a:bintargz.$i; done | |
311 | ||
312 | Unfortunately, when/if you can retrieve these | |
313 | files back onto the new FreeBSD system, they | |
314 | will have the wrong filenames and the filenames | |
315 | will be in upper case. How you fix this is | |
316 | currently "left as an exercise for the reader") | |
317 | ||
318 | (One suggestion is to use "tar" rather than "mwrite" | |
319 | when writing the floppies, and to modify the "load_fd" | |
320 | definition in the /.profile file to use "tar" rather | |
321 | than "mread" to get the files back). | |
322 | ||
323 | Once you have the files on DOS disks, you can proceed to the | |
324 | next step in the installation process, viz preparing your hard | |
325 | disk. | |
326 | ||
327 | To prepare for installing via a tape: | |
328 | ||
329 | To install FreeBSD from a tape, you need to be somehow | |
330 | to get the FreeBSD filesets you wish to install on | |
331 | your system on to the appropriate kind of tape, | |
332 | in tar format. | |
333 | ||
334 | If you're making the tape on a UN*X system, the easiest | |
335 | way to do so is: | |
336 | ||
337 | tar cvf <tape_device> <files> | |
338 | ||
339 | where "<tape_device>" is the name of the tape device | |
340 | that describes the tape drive you're using (possibly | |
341 | something like /dev/nrst0, but we make no guarantees 8-). | |
342 | If you can't figure it out, ask your system administrator. | |
343 | "<files>" are the names of the "<set>.tar.gz.xx" files | |
344 | which you want to be placed on the tape. | |
345 | ||
346 | To prepare for installing via an NFS partition: | |
347 | ||
348 | NOTE: this method of installation is recommended | |
349 | only for those already familiar with using | |
350 | the BSD network-manipulation commands and | |
351 | interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation | |
352 | should help, but is not intended to be | |
353 | all-encompassing. | |
354 | ||
355 | Place the FreeBSD software you wish to install into | |
356 | a directory on an NFS server, and make that directory | |
357 | mountable by the machine which you will be installing | |
358 | FreeBSD on. This will probably require modifying the | |
359 | /etc/exports file of the NFS server and resetting | |
360 | mountd, acts which will require superuser privileges. | |
361 | Make a note of the numeric IP address of the NFS server | |
362 | and make a note of the router closest to the the new | |
363 | FreeBSD machine if the NFS server is not on a network | |
364 | which is directly attached to the FreeBSD machine. | |
365 | ||
366 | Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next | |
367 | step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. | |
368 | ||
369 | To prepare for installing via FTP: | |
370 | ||
371 | NOTE: this method of installation is recommended | |
372 | only for those already familiar with using | |
373 | the BSD network-manipulation commands and | |
374 | interfaces. If you aren't, this documentation | |
375 | should help, but is not intended to be | |
376 | all-encompassing. | |
377 | ||
378 | The preparations for this method of installation | |
379 | are easy: all you have to do is make sure that | |
380 | there's some FTP site from which you can retrieve | |
381 | the FreeBSD installation when it's time to do | |
382 | the install. You should know the numeric IP | |
383 | address of that site, and the numeric IP address of | |
384 | your nearest router if the new FreeBSD computer is | |
385 | not on the same net or subnet as the FTP site. | |
386 | ||
387 | Once you have done this, you can proceed to the next | |
388 | step in the installation process, preparing your hard disk. | |
389 | ||
390 | To upgrade: | |
391 | ||
392 | (This is still to be tested.) | |
393 | ||
394 | Preparing your Hard Disk for FreeBSD Installation: | |
395 | --------- ---- ---- ---- --- ------ ------------ | |
396 | ||
397 | NOTE: If you wish to install FreeBSD on your whole drive, (i.e. you do | |
398 | not want DOS or any other operating system on your hard disk), you can | |
399 | skip this section, and go on to "Installing the FreeBSD System." | |
400 | ||
401 | Firstly, be sure you have a reliable backup of any data which you may | |
402 | want to keep; repartitioning your hard drive is an excellent way to | |
403 | destroy important data. | |
404 | ||
405 | WARNING: If you are using a disk controller which supports disk | |
406 | geometry translation, BE SURE TO USE THE SAME PARAMETERS FOR FreeBSD AS | |
407 | FOR DOS! If you do not, FreeBSD will not be able to properly coexist | |
408 | with DOS. | |
409 | ||
410 | Secondly, using the DOS "fdisk" program, repartition your hard drive to | |
411 | create a new FreeBSD partition of at least 60 Mbyte in size. Note the | |
412 | starting location and size of this new partition; you will need this | |
413 | information when you install FreeBSD. Once you have created the new | |
414 | partition, using a partition editor mark the new FreeBSD partition as | |
415 | having a type of 0xA5. | |
416 | ||
417 | Thirdly, using fdisk, set the other (ie non-FreeBSD) partition to be | |
418 | "active", then, after leaving fdisk, do whatever is necessary to | |
419 | restore order to that partition. (If that partition used to contain | |
420 | DOS, this will probably involve invoking the DOS "format" command, | |
421 | probably in the manner of "format c:/s". You will then have to restore | |
422 | your backed-up data to the partition.) | |
423 | ||
424 | You are now set to install FreeBSD on your hard drive. | |
425 | ||
426 | ||
427 | Installing the FreeBSD System: | |
428 | ---------- --- ------ ------ | |
429 | ||
430 | Installing FreeBSD is a relatively complex process, but, if you have | |
431 | this document in hand and are careful to read and remember the | |
432 | information which is presented to you by the install program, it | |
433 | shouldn't be too much trouble. | |
434 | ||
435 | Before you begin, you must know several of your hard disk's | |
436 | parameters. You must know the number of sectors per track, the number | |
437 | of tracks per cylinder (i.e. the number of heads), the number of bytes | |
438 | per sector, and the number of cylinders on the disk. | |
439 | ||
440 | If you are installing FreeBSD into a partition on your hard disk, you | |
441 | should have completed the section regarding the preparation of your | |
442 | hard disk, and you should know the size and offset from the beginning | |
443 | of the disk of the FreeBSD partition. | |
444 | ||
445 | (NOTE: The DOS fdisk counts in Megabytes or in percentage of disk | |
446 | space, but the FreeBSD system counts in cylinders, so you need to | |
447 | calculate carefully how many bytes there are to a cylinder, ie | |
448 | ||
449 | bytes/sector * heads(=trks/cyl) * (sectors/trk) | |
450 | ||
451 | You are advised to align the FreeBSD partition on a cylinder boundary | |
452 | and to round down the megabyte size of DOS) | |
453 | ||
454 | Once you know the above information then you should be ready to proceed | |
455 | with the FreeBSD installation. It is essential to have a pencil, | |
456 | paper, and calculator handy. | |
457 | ||
458 | That all being said, it's finally time to install the system! | |
459 | ||
460 | The following is a walk-through of the steps necessary to get FreeBSD | |
461 | installed on your hard disk. If you wish to stop the installation, you | |
462 | may hit Control-C at any prompt, but if you do, you'll have to begin | |
463 | again from scratch. | |
464 | ||
465 | Insert the kcopy-ah-floppy or kcopy-bt-floppy (as | |
466 | appropriate) into the boot drive. Boot from it. It will | |
467 | take a while to load the kernel from the floppy, probably | |
468 | on the order of a minute or two. After it is loaded, | |
469 | it will present the message: | |
470 | ||
471 | "Insert file system floppy" | |
472 | ||
473 | If you do not see this message after a reasonable period of | |
474 | time, reboot and try it again. If it doesn't work, try | |
475 | disabling your CPU's internal and external caches, and then | |
476 | try to boot again. If you still don't see it, then you can't | |
477 | install FreeBSD on your hardware. If you were able to | |
478 | install 386bsd, this is definitely a bug in our software; | |
479 | please report it! Please include your system configuration, | |
480 | and any other relevant information in your bug report. | |
481 | ||
482 | Once you have reached that prompt, remove the kcopy-xx-floppy | |
483 | from the drive. Make sure that the first installation | |
484 | disk (ie the filesystem-floppy) is writable, insert it into | |
485 | the disk drive, and hit any key. | |
486 | ||
487 | You will then be presented with a copyright notice and a list | |
488 | of the hardware that FreeBSD recognizes as being in your | |
489 | machine. It would be sensible to make a note of the disk | |
490 | values for cylinders, heads, sectors etc for later use. | |
491 | ||
492 | After a short while (approximately 30 to 60 seconds), you | |
493 | should see a welcome message and a prompt, asking if you | |
494 | wish to proceed with the installation. | |
495 | ||
496 | If you wish to proceed, enter "y" and then return. | |
497 | ||
498 | You will then be asked what type of disk drive you have. | |
499 | The valid options are listed on the screen (eg SCSI, ESDI). | |
500 | ||
501 | You will then be asked for a label name for your disk. | |
502 | This should be a short, one-word name for your disk, | |
503 | e.g. "cp3100-mine" for a Conner Peripherals "3100" disk. | |
504 | You needn't remember this name. | |
505 | ||
506 | Next, you will be prompted for the geometry information you | |
507 | were supposed to remember about your disk. Enter it when the | |
508 | install program asks for it. | |
509 | ||
510 | When asked for the size of the FreeBSD portion of the disk, | |
511 | either input the number listed as the total size of your | |
512 | disk, or multiply the number of cylinders in the FreeBSD | |
513 | portion of your disk by the number of sectors per cylinder | |
514 | (also listed by the install program) and input the result. | |
515 | ||
516 | If you are not installing on the whole disk, you will be | |
517 | asked for the offset of the FreeBSD partition from the | |
518 | beginning of the disk. Again, calculate this number from | |
519 | the information you recorded when partitioning your disk | |
520 | with fdisk, and input the result. | |
521 | ||
522 | You will then be asked for the size of your root partition, | |
523 | in cylinders. The suggested maximum size is 15 Mbytes - so | |
524 | you must divide 15,000,000 by the number that you get by | |
525 | calculating | |
526 | ||
527 | (bytes/sector)*(sectors/trk)*(trks/cyl) | |
528 | ||
529 | Next, you will be asked for the size of your swap partition | |
530 | - again, you must calculate this in cylinders. You should | |
531 | probably allocate around twice as much swap space as you | |
532 | have real memory. If you wish the system to save crash dumps | |
533 | when it panics, you will need at least as much swap as you | |
534 | have RAM. | |
535 | ||
536 | The install program will then ask you for information about | |
537 | the rest of the partitions you want on your disk. For the | |
538 | purposes of this document, you only want one more: /usr. | |
539 | Therefore, at the prompt, when in asks you to enter the size | |
540 | of the next partition, enter the number of cylinders remaining | |
541 | in the FreeBSD portion of the disk. When it asks you for the | |
542 | mount point for this partition, say "/usr". | |
543 | ||
544 | YOU ARE NOW AT THE POINT OF NO RETURN. | |
545 | ||
546 | If you confirm that you want to install FreeBSD, your hard | |
547 | drive will be modified, and perhaps it contents scrambled at | |
548 | the whim of the install program. This is especially likely | |
549 | if you gave the install program incorrect information. | |
550 | ||
551 | If you are sure you want to proceed, enter "yes" at the prompt. | |
552 | ||
553 | The install program will now make the filesystems you | |
554 | specified. There should be no errors in this section of the | |
555 | installation. If there are, restart from the the beginning | |
556 | of the installation process. | |
557 | ||
558 | After the installation program prompts you to see if you'd | |
559 | like to be told about all of the files it's going to copy | |
560 | to your hard drive, it will spend a few minutes copying these | |
561 | files and then will print out an informative message and | |
562 | place you at a "#" prompt. | |
563 | ||
564 | Read the message and note which partition (eg sd0a or wd0a) | |
565 | you need to copy a kernel to. Reboot the machine off the | |
566 | kcopy-xx-floppy disk, but this time at the prompt asking | |
567 | you to insert a file system floppy, do _not_ replace the | |
568 | floppy, just press <enter>. | |
569 | ||
570 | At the "kc>" prompt, enter "copy" to prepare to copy the | |
571 | kernel on the floppy to your hard disk. | |
572 | ||
573 | At the next "kc>" prompt, enter the disk partition to which | |
574 | you want to copy the kernel. (eg sd0a or wd0a). | |
575 | ||
576 | It will work for a minute or two, then present you with | |
577 | another "#" prompt. Follow the instructions given, (ie | |
578 | halt the system) and reboot from the hard disk. You will | |
579 | probably have to do a hardware reset or else your ethernet | |
580 | card might not be recognised at reboot (eg if you have a | |
581 | WD8003EP card). | |
582 | ||
583 | When the machine boots, a three-line banner should appear at | |
584 | the top of the screen. In a few seconds, a series of | |
585 | messages will appear, describing the hardware in your machine. | |
586 | Once again, this stage can take up to two minutes, so DO NOT | |
587 | PANIC! | |
588 | ||
589 | You will be asked to insert the cpio-floppy into a floppy | |
590 | drive, and enter that drive's number. "0" corresponds to | |
591 | DOS's "A:" drive, "1" corresponds to DOS's "B:" drive. | |
592 | ||
593 | After you enter the number it will ask you if you'd like to | |
594 | watch its progress, and after you answer this question it | |
595 | will begin installing still more files on your hard disk. | |
596 | This should take no more than 3 minutes. | |
597 | ||
598 | You will be given (more) instructions, (eg to halt the | |
599 | system) and you should reboot the machine again, from the | |
600 | hard drive and probably with a hardware reset to kick your | |
601 | ethernet card back into life. | |
602 | ||
603 | CONGRATULATIONS: You now have the minimum base of FreeBSD | |
604 | files on your hard disk! Now you get to install the | |
605 | distribution file sets. Remember that, at minimum, you must | |
606 | install the bin.tar.gz.xx file set (see below for | |
607 | instructions). | |
608 | ||
609 | After the machine is done booting, you will be presented | |
610 | with a screenful of information about what to do next. | |
611 | ||
612 | What you do from this point on depends on which media you're | |
613 | using to install FreeBSD. Follow the appropriate | |
614 | instructions, given below. | |
615 | ||
616 | To install from tape or floppy: | |
617 | ||
618 | The first thing you should do is to choose a temporary | |
619 | directory where the distribution files can be stored. | |
620 | To do this, use the command "set_tmp_dir" and enter | |
621 | your choice. The default is /usr/distrib. | |
622 | ||
623 | After you have chosen a temporary directory, | |
624 | you should issue the appropriate load command: | |
625 | ||
626 | load_fd if you're loading from floppies | |
627 | (NOTE: as of time of writing these notes, | |
628 | this does not work). | |
629 | ||
630 | load_qic_tape if loading from QIC-02 tape | |
631 | ||
632 | load_scsi_tape if you're loading from the first | |
633 | SCSI tape drive in the system. | |
634 | ||
635 | You will then be prompted for information as to which | |
636 | floppy drive to load from, if you choose that | |
637 | method of installation. | |
638 | ||
639 | Next, you will be told to insert the media into | |
640 | the appropriate drive, and hit return. Continue | |
641 | to follow instructions until you are returned to | |
642 | the "#" prompt. | |
643 | ||
644 | Go to the directory which contains the first | |
645 | distribution set you wish to install. This is | |
646 | either the directory you specified above, if loading | |
647 | from floppy, or possibly a subdirectory of that | |
648 | directory, if you loaded from tape. | |
649 | ||
650 | When there, run "set_tmp_dir" again, and choose | |
651 | the default temporary directory, by hitting | |
652 | return at the prompt. | |
653 | ||
654 | Run the "extract" command, giving it as its sole | |
655 | argument the name of the distribution set you | |
656 | wish to extract. For example, to extract the binary | |
657 | distribution, use the command: | |
658 | ||
659 | extract bin | |
660 | ||
661 | and to extract the source distribution: | |
662 | ||
663 | extract src | |
664 | ||
665 | After the extraction is complete, go to the location | |
666 | of the next set you want to extract, "set_tmp_dir" | |
667 | again, and once again issue the appropriate | |
668 | extract command. Continue this process until | |
669 | you've finished installing all of the sets which you | |
670 | desire to have on your hard disk. | |
671 | ||
672 | After each set is finished, if you know that you | |
673 | are running low on space you can remove the | |
674 | distribution files for that set by saying: | |
675 | ||
676 | rm <set>* | |
677 | ||
678 | For example, if you wish to remove the distribution | |
679 | files for the binarydist set, after the "extract bin" | |
680 | command has completed, issue the command: | |
681 | ||
682 | rm bin* | |
683 | ||
684 | Once you have extracted all sets and are at the "#" prompt | |
685 | again, proceed to the section "Configuring Your System," | |
686 | below. | |
687 | ||
688 | To install via FTP or NFS: | |
689 | ||
690 | First you must decide on a temporary directory to hold | |
691 | the <set>.tar.gz.xx files. The directory /usr/distrib | |
692 | is suggested. You should cd to it, if necessary do | |
693 | a mkdir first. Use set_tmp_dir to identify this | |
694 | directory to the install process. | |
695 | ||
696 | Configure the appropriate ethernet interface (e.g. ed0, | |
697 | ne0, etc.) up, with a command like: | |
698 | ||
699 | ifconfig <ifname> <ipaddr> [netmask <netmask>] | |
700 | ||
701 | where <ifname> is the interface name (e.g. ed0, etc.), | |
702 | and <ipaddr> is the numeric IP address of the interface. | |
703 | If the interface has a special netmask, supply | |
704 | the word "netmask" and that netmask at the end of the | |
705 | command line. For instance, without a special netmask: | |
706 | ||
707 | ifconfig ed0 129.133.10.10 | |
708 | ||
709 | or with a special netmask | |
710 | ||
711 | ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 0xffffff00 | |
712 | ||
713 | or the equivalent | |
714 | ||
715 | ifconfig ed0 128.32.240.167 netmask 255.255.255.0 | |
716 | ||
717 | If you are using the AUI connector on a 3C503 card, you | |
718 | must also set the LLC0 flag (the default is to use the BNC | |
719 | connector): | |
720 | ||
721 | ifconfig ed0 130.252.23.86 llc0 | |
722 | ||
723 | If the NFS server or FTP server is not on a directly- | |
724 | connected network, you should set up a route to it | |
725 | with the command: | |
726 | ||
727 | route add default <gate_ipaddr> | |
728 | ||
729 | where <gate_ipaddr> is your gateway's numeric IP address. | |
730 | ||
731 | If you are NFS-mounting the distribution sets, | |
732 | mount them on the temporary directory with the command: | |
733 | ||
734 | mount -t nfs <serv_ipaddr>:<dist_dir> <tmp_dir> | |
735 | ||
736 | where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's numeric IP address, | |
737 | <dist_dir> is the path to the distribution files on | |
738 | the server, and <tmp_dir> is the name of the local | |
739 | temporary directory (eg /usr/distrib). Proceed as if | |
740 | you had loaded the | |
741 | files from tape, "cd"ing to the appropriate directories | |
742 | and running "set_tmp_dir" and "extract" as appropriate. | |
743 | ||
744 | If you are retrieving the distribution sets using ftp, | |
745 | cd into the temp directory, and execute the command: | |
746 | ||
747 | ftp <serv_ipaddr> | |
748 | ||
749 | where <serv_ipaddr> is the server's | |
750 | numeric IP address. Get the files with FTP, | |
751 | taking care to use binary mode to transfer | |
752 | all files. A simple set of commands is | |
753 | ||
754 | ftp <serv_ipaddr> | |
755 | cd <where/the/binarydist/files/are> | |
756 | hash | |
757 | binary | |
758 | mget * | |
759 | quit | |
760 | ||
761 | Once you have all of the files for the distribution sets | |
762 | that you wish to install, you can proceed using the | |
763 | instructions above as if you had installed the files | |
764 | from a floppy. | |
765 | ||
766 | You might wish to install the binarydist first, get that | |
767 | working, and then at a later point in time have a go at | |
768 | installing the sourcedist. BEFORE YOU REBOOT AFTER INSTALLING | |
769 | THE BINARYDIS, you must preserve the commands that do the | |
770 | extracting. They are kept in the single-user-mode .profile | |
771 | file called /.profile. Proceed like this:- | |
772 | ||
773 | mv /.profile /.profile.install | |
774 | ln /root/.profile /.profile | |
775 | ||
776 | When you are ready to install the sourcedist at some time | |
777 | in the future, get into multi-user mode (ie the normal | |
778 | means of running FreeBSD) and issue these commands:- | |
779 | ||
780 | cp /.profile.install /.profile | |
781 | shutdown now | |
782 | ||
783 | This will cause the system to go into single-user mode, and | |
784 | the install profile will be active (ie you will find the | |
785 | commands load_fd, extract etc available to you again). | |
786 | ||
787 | ||
788 | Configuring Your System: | |
789 | ----------- ---- ------ | |
790 | ||
791 | Once you have finished extracting all of the distribution sets that you | |
792 | want on your hard drive and are back at the "#" prompt, you are ready | |
793 | to configure your system. | |
794 | ||
795 | The configuration utility expects that you have installed the base | |
796 | system. If you have not, you will not be able to run it successfully | |
797 | (nor will you have a functional system regardless of configuration). | |
798 | ||
799 | To configure the newly installed operating system, run the command | |
800 | "configure". | |
801 | ||
802 | Configure will ask for the machine's hostname, domain name, and other | |
803 | network configuration information. | |
804 | ||
805 | Once you have supplied configure all that it requests, your machine | |
806 | will be configured well enough that when you reboot it it will be a | |
807 | completely functional FreeBSD system. It is not completely configured, | |
808 | however; you should adjust the /etc/sendmail.cf file as necessary to | |
809 | suit your site and/or disable sendmail in /etc/rc and you should look | |
810 | in /etc/netstart to make sure the flags are defined correctly for your | |
811 | site. You might wish to set up several other tcp/ip files, such as | |
812 | ||
813 | /etc/resolv.conf | |
814 | /etc/networks | |
815 | ||
816 | Once you are done with configuration, reboot with the "reboot" command. | |
817 | ||
818 | When it boots off of the hard drive, you will have a complete FreeBSD | |
819 | system! CONGRATULATIONS! (You really deserve them!!!) | |
820 | ||
821 | ||
822 | Administrivia: | |
823 | ------------- | |
824 | ||
825 | Registration? What's that? | |
826 | ||
827 | If you've got something to say, do so! We'd like your input. | |
828 | ||
829 | Please send random comments to: | |
830 | ||
831 | FreeBSD-comments@freefall.cdrom.com | |
832 | ||
833 | Please send bug reports, and that sort of material to: | |
834 | ||
835 | FreeBSD-bugs@freefall.cdrom.com | |
836 | ||
837 | If you'd like to help with this effort, and have an idea as to how | |
838 | you could be useful, send mail to: | |
839 | ||
840 | FreeBSD-hackers@freefall.cdrom.com | |
841 | ||
842 | THANKS FOR USING THIS; that's what makes it all worthwhile. | |
843 | ||
844 | [a favor: Please avoid mailing huge documents or files to these mailing lists, | |
845 | as they will end up in our personal mail spools. We will be | |
846 | happy to make other arrangements] | |
847 | ||
848 | This is $Id$ |