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1dd84861 WJ |
1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980, 1990 The Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. | |
3 | .\" | |
4 | .\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
5 | .\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions | |
6 | .\" are met: | |
7 | .\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
8 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
9 | .\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright | |
10 | .\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the | |
11 | .\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. | |
12 | .\" 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software | |
13 | .\" must display the following acknowledgement: | |
14 | .\" This product includes software developed by the University of | |
15 | .\" California, Berkeley and its contributors. | |
16 | .\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors | |
17 | .\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software | |
18 | .\" without specific prior written permission. | |
19 | .\" | |
20 | .\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND | |
21 | .\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE | |
22 | .\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE | |
23 | .\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE | |
24 | .\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL | |
25 | .\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS | |
26 | .\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) | |
27 | .\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT | |
28 | .\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY | |
29 | .\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF | |
30 | .\" SUCH DAMAGE. | |
31 | .\" | |
32 | .\" @(#)last.1 6.8 (Berkeley) 5/5/91 | |
33 | .\" | |
34 | .Dd May 5, 1991 | |
35 | .Dt LAST 1 | |
36 | .Os BSD 4 | |
37 | .Sh NAME | |
38 | .Nm last | |
39 | .Nd indicate last logins of users and ttys | |
40 | .Sh SYNOPSIS | |
41 | .Nm last | |
42 | .Op Fl Ns Ar n | |
43 | .Op Fl f Ar file | |
44 | .Op Fl h Ar host | |
45 | .Op Fl t Ar tty | |
46 | .Op user ... | |
47 | .Sh DESCRIPTION | |
48 | .Nm Last | |
49 | will list the sessions of specified | |
50 | .Ar users , | |
51 | .Ar ttys , | |
52 | and | |
53 | .Ar hosts , | |
54 | in reverse time order. Each line of output contains | |
55 | the user name, the tty from which the session was conducted, any | |
56 | hostname, the start and stop times for the session, and the duration | |
57 | of the session. If the session is still continuing or was cut short by | |
58 | a crash or shutdown, | |
59 | .Nm last | |
60 | will so indicate. | |
61 | .Pp | |
62 | .Bl -tag -width indent-two | |
63 | .It Fl f Ar file | |
64 | .Nm Last | |
65 | reads the file | |
66 | .Ar file | |
67 | instead of the default, | |
68 | .Pa /var/log/wtmp . | |
69 | .It Fl Ar n | |
70 | Limits the report to | |
71 | .Ar n | |
72 | lines. | |
73 | .It Fl t Ar tty | |
74 | Specify the | |
75 | .Ar tty . | |
76 | Tty names may be given fully or abbreviated, for example, | |
77 | .Dq Li "last -t 03" | |
78 | is | |
79 | equivalent to | |
80 | .Dq Li "last -t tty03" . | |
81 | .It Fl h Ar host | |
82 | .Ar Host | |
83 | names may be names or internet numbers. | |
84 | .El | |
85 | .Pp | |
86 | If | |
87 | multiple arguments are given, the information which applies to any of the | |
88 | arguments is printed, e.g., | |
89 | .Dq Li "last root -t console" | |
90 | would list all of | |
91 | .Dq Li root Ns 's | |
92 | sessions as well as all sessions on the console terminal. If no | |
93 | users, hostnames or terminals are specified, | |
94 | .Nm last | |
95 | prints a record of | |
96 | all logins and logouts. | |
97 | .Pp | |
98 | The pseudo-user | |
99 | .Ar reboot | |
100 | logs in at reboots of the system, thus | |
101 | .Dq Li last reboot | |
102 | will give an indication of mean time between reboot. | |
103 | .Pp | |
104 | If | |
105 | .Nm last | |
106 | is interrupted, it indicates to what date the search has | |
107 | progressed. If interrupted with a quit signal | |
108 | .Nm last | |
109 | indicates how | |
110 | far the search has progressed and then continues. | |
111 | .Sh FILES | |
112 | .Bl -tag -width /var/log/wtmp -compact | |
113 | .It Pa /var/log/wtmp | |
114 | login data base | |
115 | .El | |
116 | .Sh SEE ALSO | |
117 | .Xr lastcomm 1 , | |
118 | .Xr utmp 5 , | |
119 | .Xr ac 8 | |
120 | .Sh HISTORY | |
121 | .Nm Last | |
122 | appeared in | |
123 | .Bx 3.0 . |