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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement | |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
d6cf0c8b | 5 | .\" @(#)ps.1 6.5 (Berkeley) %G% |
24115aa8 | 6 | .\" |
9a22b5c6 | 7 | .TH PS 1 "" |
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8 | .UC 4 |
9 | .SH NAME | |
10 | ps \- process status | |
11 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
12 | .B ps | |
13 | [ | |
53829504 | 14 | .B acegklnstuvwxU# |
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15 | ] |
16 | .SH DESCRIPTION | |
17 | .I Ps | |
18 | prints information about processes. | |
19 | Normally, only your processes are candidates to be printed by | |
20 | .I ps; | |
21 | specifying | |
22 | .B a | |
c3f41f75 | 23 | causes other users' processes to be candidates to be printed; |
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24 | specifying |
25 | .B x | |
26 | includes processes without control terminals in the candidate pool. | |
27 | .PP | |
28 | All output formats include, for each process, the process id PID, | |
29 | control terminal of the process TT, cpu time used by the process TIME | |
30 | (this includes both user and system time), the state STAT of the process, | |
31 | and an indication of the COMMAND which is running. | |
d6cf0c8b | 32 | The state is given by a sequence of letters, e.g. ``RWNA''. |
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33 | The first letter indicates the runnability of the process: |
34 | R for runnable processes, | |
35 | T for stopped processes, | |
36 | P for processes in page wait, | |
37 | D for those in disk (or other short term) waits, | |
38 | S for those sleeping for less than about 20 seconds, | |
39 | and I for idle (sleeping longer than about 20 seconds) | |
40 | processes. | |
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41 | Additional characters after these, if any, |
42 | indicate additional state information. | |
43 | The letter W indicates that a process is swapped out, | |
44 | showing W if it is, or a blank if it is loaded (in-core). | |
45 | A process which has specified a soft limit on memory requirements | |
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46 | and which is exceeding that limit shows >; such a process is (necessarily) |
47 | not swapped. | |
d6cf0c8b | 48 | An additional letter may indicate whether a process is running with altered |
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49 | CPU scheduling priority (nice); if the process priority is reduced, |
50 | an N is shown, if the process priority has been artificially raised then | |
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51 | a `<' is shown. |
52 | The final optional letter | |
53 | indicates any special treatment of the process for virtual | |
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54 | memory replacement; the letters correspond to options to the |
55 | .IR vadvise (2) | |
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56 | call; currently the possibilities are A standing for VA_ANOM and |
57 | S for VA_SEQL. | |
58 | An A typically represents a | |
24115aa8 | 59 | .IR lisp (1) |
d6cf0c8b | 60 | in garbage collection, and S is typical of large image processing programs |
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61 | which are using virtual memory to sequentially address voluminous data. |
62 | .PP | |
63 | Here are the options: | |
64 | .TP 5 | |
65 | .B a | |
66 | asks for information about all processes with terminals (ordinarily | |
67 | only one's own processes are displayed). | |
68 | .TP 5 | |
69 | .B c | |
70 | prints the command name, as stored internally in the system for purposes | |
71 | of accounting, rather than the command arguments, which are kept | |
72 | in the process' address space. This is more reliable, if less informative, | |
73 | since the process is free to destroy the latter information. | |
74 | .TP 5 | |
75 | .B e | |
76 | Asks for the environment to be printed as well as the arguments to the command. | |
77 | .TP 5 | |
78 | .B g | |
79 | Asks for all processes. | |
80 | Without this option, | |
81 | .I ps | |
82 | only prints ``interesting'' processes. | |
83 | Processes are deemed to be uninteresting if they are process group leaders. | |
84 | This normally eliminates top-level command interpreters and processes | |
85 | waiting for users to login on free terminals. | |
86 | .TP 5 | |
87 | .B k | |
88 | causes the file | |
89 | .I /vmcore | |
90 | is used in place of | |
91 | .IR /dev/kmem " and " /dev/mem. | |
92 | This is used for | |
93 | postmortem system debugging. | |
94 | .TP 5 | |
95 | .B l | |
96 | asks for a long listing, with fields PPID, CP, PRI, NI, ADDR, SIZE, RSS and | |
97 | WCHAN as described below. | |
98 | .TP 5 | |
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99 | .B n |
100 | Asks for numerical output. | |
101 | In a long listing, the WCHAN field is printed numerically rather than | |
102 | symbolically, or, in a user listing, the USER field is replaced by a | |
103 | UID field. | |
104 | .TP 5 | |
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105 | .B s |
106 | Adds the size SSIZ of the kernel stack of each process (for use by system | |
107 | maintainers) to the basic output format. | |
108 | .TP 5 | |
109 | \fBt\fIx\fR | |
110 | restricts output to processes whose controlling tty is \fIx\fR | |
111 | (which should be specified as printed by | |
112 | .I ps, | |
113 | e.g. | |
114 | .I t3 | |
115 | for tty3, | |
116 | .I tco | |
117 | for console, | |
118 | .I td0 | |
119 | for ttyd0, | |
120 | .I t? | |
121 | for processes with no tty, | |
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122 | .I t |
123 | for processes at the current tty, | |
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124 | etc). |
125 | This option must be the last one given. | |
126 | .TP 5 | |
127 | .B u | |
128 | A user oriented output is produced. | |
129 | This includes fields USER, %CPU, NICE, SIZE, and RSS as described below. | |
130 | .TP 5 | |
131 | .B v | |
132 | A version of the output containing virtual memory statistics is output. | |
133 | This includes fields RE, SL, PAGEIN, SIZE, RSS, LIM, TSIZ, TRS, %CPU | |
134 | and %MEM, described below. | |
135 | .TP 5 | |
136 | .B w | |
137 | Use a wide output format (132 columns rather than 80); if repeated, | |
138 | e.g. ww, use arbitrarily wide output. | |
139 | This information is used to decide how much of long commands to print. | |
140 | .TP 5 | |
141 | .B x | |
142 | asks even about processes with no terminal. | |
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143 | .TP |
144 | .B U | |
3e284fd6 | 145 | causes ps to update a private database where it keeps system |
9a22b5c6 | 146 | information. Thus ``ps U'' should be included in the /etc/rc file. |
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147 | .TP 5 |
148 | .B # | |
149 | A process number may be given, | |
150 | (indicated here by #), | |
151 | in which case the output | |
152 | is restricted to that process. | |
153 | This option must also be last. | |
154 | .PP | |
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155 | A second argument is taken |
156 | to be the file containing the system's | |
157 | namelist. Otherwise, /vmunix is used. | |
158 | A third argument tells | |
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159 | .I ps |
160 | where to look for | |
161 | .I core | |
162 | if the | |
163 | .B k | |
164 | option is given, instead of /vmcore. | |
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165 | If a fourth argument is given, it |
166 | is taken to be the name of a swap file to use instead of | |
24115aa8 | 167 | the default /dev/drum. |
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168 | .PP |
169 | Fields which are not common to all output formats: | |
170 | .PD 0 | |
171 | .IP USER 10 | |
172 | name of the owner of the process | |
173 | .IP %CPU 10 | |
174 | cpu utilization of the process; this is a decaying average over up to | |
175 | a minute of previous (real) time. Since the time base over which this | |
176 | is computed varies (since processes may be very young) it is possible | |
177 | for the sum of all %CPU fields to exceed 100%. | |
178 | .IP NICE 10 | |
179 | (or NI) process scheduling increment (see | |
dee48434 | 180 | .IR setpriority (2)) |
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181 | .IP SIZE 10 |
182 | virtual size of the process (in 1024 byte units) | |
183 | .IP RSS 10 | |
184 | real memory (resident set) size of the process (in 1024 byte units) | |
185 | .IP LIM 10 | |
186 | soft limit on memory used, specified via a call to | |
dee48434 | 187 | .IR setrlimit (2); |
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188 | if no limit has been specified then shown as \fIxx\fR |
189 | .IP TSIZ 10 | |
190 | size of text (shared program) image | |
191 | .IP TRS 10 | |
192 | size of resident (real memory) set of text | |
193 | .IP %MEM 10 | |
194 | percentage of real memory used by this process. | |
195 | .IP RE 10 | |
196 | residency time of the process (seconds in core) | |
197 | .IP SL 10 | |
198 | sleep time of the process (seconds blocked) | |
199 | .IP PAGEIN 10 | |
200 | number of disk i/o's resulting from references by the process | |
201 | to pages not loaded in core. | |
202 | .IP UID 10 | |
203 | numerical user-id of process owner | |
204 | .IP PPID 10 | |
205 | numerical id of parent of process | |
206 | .IP CP 10 | |
207 | short-term cpu utilization factor (used in scheduling) | |
208 | .IP PRI 10 | |
209 | process priority (non-positive when in non-interruptible wait) | |
210 | .IP ADDR 10 | |
211 | swap address of the process | |
212 | .IP WCHAN 10 | |
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213 | event on which process is waiting (an address in the system). |
214 | A symbol is chosen that classifies the address, unless numerical | |
215 | output is requested (see the | |
216 | .B n | |
217 | flag). | |
218 | In this case, the initial part of the address is | |
219 | trimmed off and is printed hexadecimally, e.g., 0x80004000 prints as 4000. | |
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220 | .sp |
221 | .IP F 10 | |
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222 | flags associated with process as in |
223 | .RI < sys/proc.h >: | |
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224 | .br |
225 | .PP | |
226 | .sp | |
227 | .nf | |
228 | .ta 6n 18n 26n | |
229 | SLOAD 000001 in core | |
230 | SSYS 000002 swapper or pager process | |
231 | SLOCK 000004 process being swapped out | |
232 | SSWAP 000008 save area flag | |
233 | STRC 000010 process is being traced | |
234 | SWTED 000020 another tracing flag | |
235 | SULOCK 000040 user settable lock in core | |
236 | SPAGE 000080 process in page wait state | |
237 | SKEEP 000100 another flag to prevent swap out | |
238 | SDLYU 000200 delayed unlock of pages | |
239 | SWEXIT 000400 working on exiting | |
240 | SPHYSIO 000800 doing physical i/o (bio.c) | |
241 | SVFORK 001000 process resulted from vfork() | |
242 | SVFDONE 002000 another vfork flag | |
243 | SNOVM 004000 no vm, parent in a vfork() | |
dee48434 | 244 | SPAGI 008000 init data space on demand from inode |
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245 | SANOM 010000 system detected anomalous vm behavior |
246 | SUANOM 020000 user warned of anomalous vm behavior | |
247 | STIMO 040000 timing out during sleep | |
248 | SDETACH 080000 detached inherited by init | |
dee48434 | 249 | SOUSIG 100000 using old signal mechanism |
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250 | .fi |
251 | .PD | |
252 | .PP | |
c3f41f75 AH |
253 | A process that has exited and has a parent that has not |
254 | yet waited for the process is marked <defunct>; a process | |
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255 | which is blocked trying to exit is marked <exiting>; |
256 | .I Ps | |
257 | makes an educated guess as to the file name | |
258 | and arguments given when the process was created | |
259 | by examining memory or the swap area. | |
260 | The method is inherently somewhat unreliable and in any event | |
261 | a process is entitled to destroy this information, | |
262 | so the names cannot be counted on too much. | |
263 | .SH FILES | |
9a22b5c6 | 264 | .ta \w'/etc/psdatabase 'u |
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265 | /vmunix system namelist |
266 | .br | |
267 | /dev/kmem kernel memory | |
268 | .br | |
269 | /dev/drum swap device | |
270 | .br | |
271 | /vmcore core file | |
272 | .br | |
273 | /dev searched to find swap device and tty names | |
9a22b5c6 | 274 | .br |
53829504 | 275 | /etc/psdatabase system namelist, device, and wait channel information |
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276 | .SH "SEE ALSO" |
277 | kill(1), w(1) | |
278 | .SH BUGS | |
279 | Things can change while | |
280 | .I ps | |
281 | is running; the picture it gives is only a close | |
282 | approximation to reality. |