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1 | .\" Copyright (c) 1980 Regents of the University of California. |
2 | .\" All rights reserved. The Berkeley software License Agreement | |
3 | .\" specifies the terms and conditions for redistribution. | |
4 | .\" | |
036e6143 | 5 | .\" @(#)badsect.8 6.1 (Berkeley) %G% |
092078c2 | 6 | .\" |
036e6143 | 7 | .TH BADSECT 8 "" |
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8 | .UC 4 |
9 | .SH NAME | |
10 | badsect \- create files to contain bad sectors | |
11 | .SH SYNOPSIS | |
12 | .B /etc/badsect | |
c7d258c2 | 13 | bbdir sector ... |
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14 | .SH DESCRIPTION |
15 | .I Badsect | |
16 | makes a file to contain a bad sector. Normally, bad sectors | |
17 | are made inaccessible by the standard formatter, which provides | |
18 | a forwarding table for bad sectors to the driver; see | |
19 | .IR bad144 (8) | |
20 | for details. | |
21 | If a driver supports the bad blocking standard it is much preferable to | |
22 | use that method to isolate bad blocks, since the bad block forwarding | |
23 | makes the pack appear perfect, and such packs can then be copied with | |
c7d258c2 | 24 | .IR dd (1). |
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25 | The technique used by this program is also less general than |
26 | bad block forwarding, as | |
27 | .I badsect | |
28 | can't make amends for | |
29 | bad blocks in the i-list of file systems or in swap areas. | |
30 | .PP | |
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31 | On some disks, |
32 | adding a sector which is suddenly bad to the bad sector table | |
33 | currently requires the running of the standard DEC formatter. | |
34 | Thus to deal with a newly bad block | |
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35 | or on disks where the drivers |
36 | do not support the bad-blocking standard | |
37 | .I badsect | |
c7d258c2 | 38 | may be used to good effect. |
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39 | .PP |
40 | .I Badsect | |
41 | is used on a quiet file system in the following way: | |
42 | First mount the file system, and change to its root directory. | |
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43 | Make a directory BAD there. Run |
44 | .I badsect | |
45 | giving as argument the BAD directory followed by | |
46 | all the bad sectors you wish to add. | |
47 | (The sector numbers must be relative to the beginning of | |
48 | the file system, but this is not hard as the system reports | |
49 | relative sector numbers in its console error messages.) | |
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50 | Then change back to the root directory, unmount the file system |
51 | and run | |
52 | .IR fsck (8) | |
53 | on the file system. The bad sectors should show up in two files | |
54 | or in the bad sector files and the free list. Have | |
55 | .I fsck | |
56 | remove files containing the offending bad sectors, but | |
57 | .B "do not" | |
58 | have it remove the BAD/\fInnnnn\fR files. | |
59 | This will leave the bad sectors in only the BAD files. | |
60 | .PP | |
61 | .I Badsect | |
62 | works by giving the specified sector numbers in a | |
63 | .IR mknod (2) | |
64 | system call, | |
c7d258c2 | 65 | creating an illegal file whose first block address is the block containing |
092078c2 | 66 | bad sector and whose name is the bad sector number. |
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67 | When it is discovered by |
68 | .I fsck | |
69 | it will ask ``HOLD BAD BLOCK''? | |
70 | A positive response will cause | |
71 | .I fsck | |
72 | to convert the inode to a regular file containing the bad block. | |
092078c2 | 73 | .SH SEE ALSO |
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74 | bad144(8), |
75 | fsck(8), | |
76 | format(8V) | |
77 | .SH DIAGNOSTICS | |
78 | .I Badsect | |
79 | refuses to attach a block that | |
80 | resides in a critical area or is out of range of the file system. | |
81 | A warning is issued if the block is already in use. | |
092078c2 | 82 | .SH BUGS |
c7d258c2 | 83 | If more than one sector which comprise a file system fragment are bad, |
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84 | you should specify only one of them to |
85 | .I badsect, | |
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86 | as the blocks in the bad sector files actually cover all the sectors in a |
87 | file system fragment. |